Research Insights - 1 Timing of CDK 4/6 inhibition in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer (SONIA trial, phase III) ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Addition of CDK 4/6 inhibitor (CDK 4/6i) to aromatase inhibitor benefits hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer in first-line treatment. Uncertain if delaying CDK 4/6i to second-line treatment is equally effective. Most international guidelines advise first-line use, despite prolonged toxicity and a steep increase in costs compared to use in second-line. No head to head comparison available. SONIA trial: 1050 women, randomized to first-line nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (NSAI) + CDK 4/6i followed by fulvestrant upon disease progression, or first-line NSAI followed by fulvestrant + CDK 4/6i upon disease progression. Median follow-up 37 months: 46 months median survival with first-line CDK 4/6i, 54 months with second-line CDK 4/6i. First-line use of CDK4/6i + ET does not provide statistically significant, nor clinically meaningful PFS benefit compared to second-line use in women with HR+, HER2ABC. First-line CDK 4/6i group stayed on treatment for 25 months; second-line group for 8.1 months, which was associated with 42 percent more grade ≥3 toxicities. ● Authors recommend use of CDK 4/6i as second line of treatment as the use in firstline prolongs the time on CDK4/6i by 16.4 months and increases toxicity and costs. Second-line use may thus be a preferred option for the majority of patients. Source: Meeting Abstract | 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting II https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2023.41.17_suppl.LBA1000 Dose-escalated simultaneous integrated boost radiotherapy in early breast cancer (IMPORT HIGH): a multicentre, phase 3, non-inferiority, open-label, randomised controlled trial ● A tumour-bed boost delivered after whole-breast radiotherapy increases local cancercontrol rates but requires more patient visits and can increase breast hardness. ● IMPORT HIGH study tested simultaneous integrated boost against sequential boost with the aim of reducing treatment duration ● A phase 3, open-label, randomized controlled trial with 2600 patients into 3 groups of 1:1:1 ratio ○ Control group: 40 Gy in 15 fractions to the whole breast and 16 Gy in 8 fractions sequential photon tumour-bed boost. ○ Test group 1: 36 Gy in 15 fractions to the whole breast, 40 Gy in 15 fractions to the partial breast, and 48 Gy in 15 fractions concomitant photon boost to the tumour-bed volume. ○ Test group 2: 36 Gy in 15 fractions to the whole breast, 40 Gy in 15 fractions to the partial breast, and 53 Gy in 15 fractions concomitant photon boost to the tumour-bed volume. ● Primary endpoint was ipsilateral breast tumour relapse (IBTR) ● Authors concluded that In all groups 5-year IBTR incidence was lower than the 5% originally expected regardless of boost sequencing. Dose-escalation is not advantageous. 5-year moderate or marked adverse event rates were low using small boost volumes. Simultaneous integrated boost in IMPORT HIGH was safe and reduced patient visits. Source: The Lancet, VOLUME 401, ISSUE 10394, P2124-2137, JUNE 24, 2023 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(23)00619-0/fulltext