SANNE WØHLK VBA PROGRAMMING IN BUSINESS ECONOMICS DJØF Publishing Copenhagen To my children Louise, Kristoffer, Sebastian, and Mikkel I hope that you will always appreciate the joy of learning Denne ERJ er omfattet af lov om ophavsret. Uanset evt. aftale med Copy-Dan er det ikke tilladt at kopiere eller indscanne siden til undervisningsbrug eller erhvervsmæssig brug. Bogen er udgivet af Djøf Forlag (www.djoef-forlag.dk) Sanne Wøhlk VBA Programming in Business Economics DJØF Publishing Copenhagen 2010 Denne ERJ er omfattet af lov om ophavsret. Uanset evt. aftale med Copy-Dan er det ikke tilladt at kopiere eller indscanne siden til undervisningsbrug eller erhvervsmæssig brug. Bogen er udgivet af Djøf Forlag (www.djoef-forlag.dk) Sanne Wøhlk VBA Programming in Business Economics First Edition, Second Print 2011 © 2010 by DJØF Publishing Copenhagen DJØF Publishing is a company of the Association of Danish Lawyers and Economists All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Print: Toptryk Grafisk, Gråsten Printed in Denmark 2011 ISBN 978‐87‐574‐2267‐2 Sold and distributed in North America by: International Specialized Book Services (ISBS) Portland, OR 97213, USA www.isbs.com Sold and distributed in Scandinavia by: DJØF Publishing Copenhagen Denmark www.djoef‐forlag.dk Sold and distributed in all other countries by: The Oxford Publicity Partnership Ltd. Towcester NN12 6BT, UK www. oppuk.co.uk DJØF Publishing 17, Lyngbyvej P.O.Box 2702 DK‐2100 Copenhagen Denmark Phone: +45 39 13 55 00 Fax: +45 39 13 55 55 E‐mail: forlag@djoef.dk www.djoef‐forlag.dk Denne ERJ er omfattet af lov om ophavsret. Uanset evt. aftale med Copy-Dan er det ikke tilladt at kopiere eller indscanne siden til undervisningsbrug eller erhvervsmæssig brug. Bogen er udgivet af Djøf Forlag (www.djoef-forlag.dk) 5 Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................... 11 Chapter 1 VBA and Your First Program ............................................... 13 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 What is VBA ........................................................................................... The Developer Tab .................................................................................. The VBA Editor ........................................................................................ Insert a Module ....................................................................................... Write Your First Macro ............................................................................ Execute your First Macro ........................................................................ Save a Workbook that Contains Macros ................................................. Exercises .................................................................................................. 13 14 15 17 18 18 21 21 Chapter 2 The Macro Recorder ............................................................. 23 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 How to Record a Macro .......................................................................... Viewing the Recorded Code .................................................................... Using Relative References ....................................................................... Limitations of the Macro Recorder ......................................................... Exercises .................................................................................................. 23 26 29 30 31 Chapter 3 Try it Out ............................................................................... 33 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 33 35 35 36 37 37 38 40 42 43 43 44 44 44 45 45 47 Getting Started ........................................................................................ Variables ................................................................................................. Accessing the Worksheet ........................................................................ Input and Output .................................................................................... 3.4.1 Message Box ............................................................................... 3.4.2 Input Box .................................................................................... 3.5 Using Excel and VBA Functions ............................................................... 3.6 Making Decisions .................................................................................... 3.7 Looping .................................................................................................... 3.8 Good Programming Practice ................................................................... 3.8.1 Structure Your Code ................................................................... 3.8.2 Naming Convention .................................................................... 3.8.3 Commenting/Documenting ........................................................ 3.8.4 Indention .................................................................................... 3.9 Putting it all Together ............................................................................. 3.9.1 Example: Delayed Products ........................................................ 3.10 Exercises .................................................................................................. Denne ERJ er omfattet af lov om ophavsret. Uanset evt. aftale med Copy-Dan er det ikke tilladt at kopiere eller indscanne siden til undervisningsbrug eller erhvervsmæssig brug. Bogen er udgivet af Djøf Forlag (www.djoef-forlag.dk) 6 Chapter 4 Variables ............................................................................... 49 4.1 4.2 4.3 Types of Variables ................................................................................... Declaring Variables ................................................................................. Scope of Variables ................................................................................... 4.3.1 Local Variables ............................................................................ 4.3.2 Module and Global Variables ..................................................... 4.3.3 Who is in Charge? .......................................................................... Arrays ...................................................................................................... 4.4.1 Dynamic Arrays ........................................................................... 4.4.2 Multi Dimensional Arrays ........................................................... Exercises .................................................................................................. 49 50 52 52 52 53 54 56 57 58 Chapter 5 Subs and Functions ............................................................... 61 5.1 Custom Procedures ................................................................................. 5.1.1 Subs ............................................................................................ 5.1.2 Functions .................................................................................... 5.1.3 Using Arguments in Procedures ................................................. 5.1.4 Public vs Private Procedures ....................................................... VBA Functions ......................................................................................... 5.2.1 Number and Math Functions ...................................................... 5.2.2 Date and Time Functions ............................................................ 5.2.3 Financial Functions ..................................................................... 5.2.4 Other Functions .......................................................................... Worksheet Functions .............................................................................. 5.3.1 Using Worksheet Functions in Your Code .................................. 5.3.2 Examples of Worksheet Functions ............................................. Exercises .................................................................................................. 61 61 63 65 68 69 70 71 74 76 78 79 81 84 Chapter 6 Decisions and Looping .......................................................... 87 4.4 4.5 5.2 5.3 5.4 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Arithmetic and Comparison .................................................................... 6.1.1 Arithmetic ................................................................................... 6.1.2 Comparison ................................................................................. Decisions ................................................................................................. 6.2.1 If‐Then‐Else ................................................................................. 6.2.2 Select‐Case ................................................................................. Looping .................................................................................................... 6.3.1 The For‐Next Loop ...................................................................... 6.3.2 The While Loop ........................................................................... 6.3.3 The Do Loops .............................................................................. 6.3.4 Be Aware of Endless Looping ...................................................... Nested Loops .......................................................................................... 6.4.1 Example: Calculate Distances ..................................................... 6.4.2 Example: Gantt Chart ................................................................. 6.4.3 Example: Sequencing of Jobs ...................................................... Denne ERJ er omfattet af lov om ophavsret. Uanset evt. aftale med Copy-Dan er det ikke tilladt at kopiere eller indscanne siden til undervisningsbrug eller erhvervsmæssig brug. Bogen er udgivet af Djøf Forlag (www.djoef-forlag.dk) 87 87 88 89 90 92 94 94 100 106 110 111 113 116 119 7 6.5 6.6 Jumping ................................................................................................... 6.5.1 GoTo ........................................................................................... 6.5.2 Exit .............................................................................................. Exercises .................................................................................................. 121 121 123 124 Chapter 7 Workbooks, Worksheets, and Ranges ................................. 127 7.1 7.2 7. 3 7. 4 7. 5 7. 6 7. 7 7. 8 The Object Model ................................................................................... 7.1.1 Referring to an Object ................................................................ 7.1.2 Properties and Methods ............................................................. 7.1.3 Collections .................................................................................. 7.1.4 Object Variables .......................................................................... 7.1.5 The Object Browser .................................................................... Ranges ..................................................................................................... 7.2.1 Size of the Region ....................................................................... 7.2.2 Sorting ........................................................................................ 7.2.3 Other Range Properties and Methods ........................................ Worksheets ............................................................................................. Workbooks .............................................................................................. The Application Object ............................................................................ For‐Each Loops ........................................................................................ With Statements ..................................................................................... Exercises .................................................................................................. 127 128 129 129 130 130 131 133 134 136 136 137 138 140 142 143 Chapter 8 Security ................................................................................. 145 8. 1 Set Macro Security .................................................................................. 8. 2 Trusted Sources ...................................................................................... 8.2. 1 Trusted Locations ....................................................................... 8.2. 2 Trusted Digital Certificates ......................................................... 8. 3 Create a Digital Certificate ...................................................................... 8.3. 1 Sign Your Code with Your Digital Certificate .............................. 8. 4 Protecting Your Work .............................................................................. 8.4. 1 Prevent Others from View or Changing Your Code .................... 8.4. 2 Prevent Others from Executing Your Program ........................... 145 147 147 149 150 151 152 153 153 Chapter 9 Debugging ............................................................................. 157 9. 1 Avoid the Need for Debugging ................................................................ 9. 2 VBA Debugging Tools .............................................................................. 9.2. 1 Step Into or Single Stepping ....................................................... 9.2. 2 Step Over .................................................................................... 9.2. 3 Step Out ...................................................................................... 9.2. 4 Break Point ................................................................................. 9.2. 5 Break Mode ................................................................................ 9.2. 6 Locals .......................................................................................... 9.2. 7 Watch ......................................................................................... 9.2. 8 The Immediate Window ............................................................. Denne ERJ er omfattet af lov om ophavsret. Uanset evt. aftale med Copy-Dan er det ikke tilladt at kopiere eller indscanne siden til undervisningsbrug eller erhvervsmæssig brug. Bogen er udgivet af Djøf Forlag (www.djoef-forlag.dk) 157 158 159 159 159 160 160 161 161 161 8 9. 3 Run‐Time Errors ...................................................................................... 162 9. 4 Exercises .................................................................................................. 164 Chapter 10 Design of Programs ............................................................ 165 10. 1 The Process of Creating a Program ......................................................... 10. 2 Designing a Program ............................................................................... 10.2. 1 Example: Simple Production Planning ........................................ 10.2. 2 Example: Reservation Problem ................................................... 10. 3 Use of Flow Charts in Designs ................................................................. 165 168 168 170 173 Chapter 11 Making it Easier to Use Your Code .................................... 175 11. 1 The Personal Workbook .......................................................................... 11. 2 Executing a Macro ................................................................................... 11.2. 1 Use Alternative Buttons to Execute a Macro ............................. 11.2. 2 Use a Shortcut Key to Execute a Macro ...................................... 11. 3 Quick Access Toolbar .............................................................................. 11. 4 Toolbar in the Ribbon ............................................................................. 11. 5 Create and Use Your Own Add‐In ........................................................... 11.5. 1 Preparing the Workbook ............................................................ 11.5. 2 Creating the Add‐In .................................................................... 11.5. 3 Installing an Add‐In ..................................................................... 11. 6 Exercises .................................................................................................. 175 176 177 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 185 Chapter 12 Files ..................................................................................... 187 12. 1 The File System ....................................................................................... 12. 2 Working with Folders .............................................................................. 12.2. 1 Create a New Folder ................................................................... 12.2. 2 Delete a Folder ........................................................................... 12.2. 3 Display Sub Folders ..................................................................... 12. 3 Working with Files ................................................................................... 12.3. 1 Get Information about Files ........................................................ 12.3. 2 Check if a File Exists .................................................................... 12.3. 3 Check if a Workbook is Open ...................................................... 12.3. 4 Count Workbooks in Folder ........................................................ 12. 4 Working with Text Files ........................................................................... 12. 5 Exercises .................................................................................................. 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 192 193 193 197 Chapter 13 Strings ................................................................................. 199 13. 1 Working with Strings ............................................................................... 199 13. 2 String Functions ...................................................................................... 201 13. 3 Exercises .................................................................................................. 203 Denne ERJ er omfattet af lov om ophavsret. Uanset evt. aftale med Copy-Dan er det ikke tilladt at kopiere eller indscanne siden til undervisningsbrug eller erhvervsmæssig brug. Bogen er udgivet af Djøf Forlag (www.djoef-forlag.dk) 9 Chapter 14 Charts .................................................................................. 205 14. 1 Chart Sheets and Embedded Charts ....................................................... 14. 2 Basic Chart Operations ............................................................................ 14.2. 1 Check if a Chart Exists ................................................................. 14.2. 2 Delete Charts .............................................................................. 14.2. 3 Display Names of Charts ............................................................. 14. 3 Charts in Action ....................................................................................... 14.3. 1 Example: Sales ............................................................................ 14.3. 2 Example: Advertisement ............................................................ 14.3. 3 Example: Members ..................................................................... 14.3. 4 Example: Sales – Revisited .......................................................... 14.3. 5 Example: The Traveling Salesman Problem ................................ 14.3. 6 Example: The Vehicle Routing Problem ...................................... 14. 4 Exercises .................................................................................................. 205 208 208 209 210 210 210 215 219 222 223 226 229 Chapter 15 Built‐in Dialog Boxes .......................................................... 231 15. 1 15. 2 15. 3 15. 4 Message Boxes ........................................................................................ Input Boxes ............................................................................................. The Application Input Box ....................................................................... Other Built‐in Dialog Boxes ..................................................................... 231 234 236 238 Chapter 16 User Forms .......................................................................... 239 16. 1 Controls ................................................................................................... 16. 2 Event Programming ................................................................................ 16. 3 Designing the First User Form ................................................................. 16.3. 1 Insert the User Form ................................................................... 16.3. 2 Changing the Appearance of the User Form .............................. 16.3. 3 Show the User Form ................................................................... 16.3. 4 Adding Controls to the User Form .............................................. 16.3. 5 Properties ................................................................................... 16.3. 6 Tab Order .................................................................................... 16.3. 7 Short Cut Keys ............................................................................. 16.3. 8 Automating the User Form ......................................................... 16. 4 User Forms in Action ............................................................................... 16.4. 1 Example: Selecting Flights .......................................................... 16.4. 2 Example: Select Background Picture .......................................... 16.4. 3 Example: People Information ‐ Revisited ................................... 16.4. 4 Example: Running Experiment .................................................... 16. 5 Exercises .................................................................................................. 239 242 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 251 253 253 257 260 262 267 Chapter 17 Solver .................................................................................. 271 17. 1 Introduction to Solver ............................................................................. 17.1. 1 Preparing the Worksheet ........................................................... 17.1. 2 Using the Solver .......................................................................... 17. 2 Preparing the File for Combining Solver and VBA ................................... Denne ERJ er omfattet af lov om ophavsret. Uanset evt. aftale med Copy-Dan er det ikke tilladt at kopiere eller indscanne siden til undervisningsbrug eller erhvervsmæssig brug. Bogen er udgivet af Djøf Forlag (www.djoef-forlag.dk) 271 271 273 278 10 17. 3 Using Solver from the VBA Code ............................................................. 17.3. 1 A Small Example ......................................................................... 17.3. 2 A Walk Through the Functions ................................................... 17. 4 Solver in Action ....................................................................................... 17.4. 1 Example: Adding Additional Constraints .................................... 17.4. 2 Example: Transportation Problem .............................................. 17.4. 3 Example: Solving Problems of Flexible Size. ............................... 17. 5 Exercises .................................................................................................. 280 280 282 289 289 290 293 295 Chapter 18 Simulation ........................................................................... 299 18. 1 Generation of Random Numbers ............................................................ 18. 2 Use Simulation to Compare Strategies ................................................... 18.2. 1 Example: Production Planning .................................................... 18.2. 2 Example: Inventory Control ........................................................ 18. 3 Introduction to Crystal Ball ..................................................................... 18.3. 1 Example: Investment .................................................................. 18.3. 2 Example: Sales ............................................................................ 18. 4 Using Crystal Ball from the VBA Code ..................................................... 18.4. 1 Example: Sales – Revisited .......................................................... 18.4. 2 Example: Sales – Extended Version ............................................ 18. 5 Exercises .................................................................................................. 299 301 302 306 309 311 316 320 320 322 325 Index ...................................................................................................... 329 Denne ERJ er omfattet af lov om ophavsret. Uanset evt. aftale med Copy-Dan er det ikke tilladt at kopiere eller indscanne siden til undervisningsbrug eller erhvervsmæssig brug. Bogen er udgivet af Djøf Forlag (www.djoef-forlag.dk)
