DAVAO ORIENTAL STATE UNIVERSITY
THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
NAME: Cleo Marie L. Lelis
SCORE:
ACTIVITY 1
1. Articulate what makes globalization contemporary
> The opening of international boundaries to faster and faster movements of products,
services, finance, people, and ideas, as well as changes in institutions and policies at the
national and international levels, are what increase the interconnectedness and
interdependence of people and countries. The advent of information technology and its
widespread use have connected everyone in the world. Everything and anything has
become global as a result of them. The introduction of the new normal of globalization is
made possible by the crucial function that networking plays in forging relationships
between states. The "new globalization" is about rapid economic integration through a
digital exchange, technology, innovation, and organizational imitation, which is
fundamentally the globalization of ideas and knowledge.
2. Identify the conceptions of globalization and its underlying philosophies
> We frequently consider globalization to be an economic and financial phenomenon as a
result of trade developments and financial exchanges.
However, it covers a lot more ground than just the flow of products, services, or cash.
- Economic globalization is the growth of trade networks among multinational actors,
such as businesses or NGOs;
- The emergence of a global financial system with cross-border financial and monetary
transactions is a factor in financial globalization.
For instance, stock markets are an excellent illustration of how people throughout the
world are financially interconnected because when one stock market declines, it has a
negative impact on other markets as well as the economy as a whole.
- Cultural globalization: the process by which cultures interact and, as a result, nations
adopt the norms, values, and customs of other countries while losing their own distinctive
cultures in favor of a single, globally unified supraculture;
- Political globalization: As international institutions like the UN or WHO have grown in
stature and influence, governmental activity now occurs on a worldwide scale. There are
further organizations functioning on a worldwide scale, such as NGOs like Oxfam or
Doctors without Borders;
- Sociological globalization: the interconnectedness and interdependence of events, as
well as the movement of information that occurs nearly instantly.
People frequently relocate, blending and merging various communities;
- Technological globalization: the process through which the power of the internet
connects millions of people through services like Facebook, Instagram, Skype, and
Youtube.
- Geographic globalization: a dynamic new system for classifying and arranging the
world's many regions.
In addition, with the exception of a few nations that require visas, traveling the world
with little to no restriction is now accessible thanks to the advancements in transportation
and aviation;
- Because the weather affects everyone and we are all protected by the same atmosphere,
ecological globalization explains the idea that planet Earth should be treated as a single
global unit that all societies should work to preserve. In this context, it is sometimes
asserted that the poorest nations, which have produced the least pollution, would bear the
brunt of the effects of climate change.
3. Identify the definition of globalization that will be adopted for the course
> The term "globalization" refers to the increasing interdependence of the economies,
cultures, and populations throughout the world as a result of technology, cross-border
trade in goods and services, and flows of capital, labor, and information. Everything has
been impacted by globalization, including crime, the criminal and the victim, the criminal
justice system, how claims are proven, and more.
Criminal policy includes both criminalization and decriminalization. New problems have
been brought forth by globalization, though sometimes these problems have been
resolved. For instance, crime has traditionally been a native and local phenomena. Most
child abuse victims knew their abusers, most murder victims were well known, and most
theft victims did not need to look outside of their immediate community to discover the
burglar. Cybercrime is a result of the development of computers and access to cyberspace,
two aspects of globalization that make it challenging and occasionally impossible to catch
criminals who commit crimes online.
4. Analyse the diffusion of the nation-state from the treaty of Westphalia to the wave
of contemporary nation-state building
> The Peace of Westphalia is viewed as a turning point in the evolution of secularism and
tolerance. This agreement empowered the imperial Estates as well because it allowed
them to form alliances with other countries and collaborate with the emperor to make
critical decisions like war and peace. The Westphalia peace contributed to the
development of international law, which is based on several international concepts and
regulations that govern interstate interactions in order to control the situation's
deterioration and prevent the use of force. It replaced the medieval system of centralized
ecclesiastical authority with a decentralized one based on independent, autonomous states.
According to some academics, the Westphalian convention heralds the creation of the
nation-state, which serves as the main focus of contemporary international law.
5. Establish the concept of “Nationhood” in the Westphalia Treaty
> Lutherans and Calvinists in the Holy Roman Empire were guaranteed religious
tolerance as a result of the Treaty of Westphalia. The Thirty Years' War was concluded,
Dutch independence was acknowledged, and France was given the regions of Lorraine
and Alsace. The Westphalian Peace affirmed the empire's member nations' complete
geographical sovereignty. They had the authority to sign agreements with other nations as
well as with one another, so long as the emperor and the empire were not adversely
affected. One of the most important milestones in the global spread of secularism and
tolerance is the Treaty of Westphalia. It also made nations stronger since they were now
able to form alliances with other countries and make vital decisions about things like war
and peace.
6. Assess the role of colonialism in shaping global political and economic hierarchy
of societies of today
> Colonialism has had a significant impact on the modern world, both historically and
currently. Colonial practices and lingering legacies have had a significant impact on
current disparities within and between nations, racial hierarchies, state structures, patterns
of international commerce and financial flows, and the makeup of international
institutions. In recent years, academics in the fields of international relations (IR) and
related disciplines have begun to give colonialism's impact on world politics the longoverdue attention it deserves. Colonial practices and lingering legacies have had a
significant impact on current disparities within and between nations, racial hierarchies,
state structures, patterns of international commerce and financial flows, and the makeup
of international institutions. Also, significant financial resources were lost as a result of
colonialism. The best documentation for this may be found in the instance of British
India, where there is still a disagreement between Indian historians and those who support
British colonialism.
7. Define neo-colonialism, internationalism (include socialist international/ Come
international) and globalism.
> NEO - COLONIALISM - is the continuation or reimposition of imperialist rule by a
state (typically a former colonial power) over another nominally independent state
(typically a former colony). Neocolonialism substitutes economic imperialism,
globalization, cultural imperialism, and conditional aid for the previous colonial methods
of direct military control or indirect political control in order to influence or control a
developing country (hegemony).
> INTERNATIONALISM - A political idea known as internationalism promotes
increased political or economic cooperation between states and countries. It is linked to
various political movements and ideologies but can also be a theory, belief system, or
movement in and of itself.
Socialist International - After the International Workingmen's Association broke apart,
the Socialist International, also known as the Second International, was established.
It was a federation of socialist political parties from different nations, containing both
reformist and revolutionary formations, as opposed to the First International.
The Second International parties were the first socialist organizations to garner broad
support from the working class and elect representatives to parliaments.
Com International - Following the Russian Revolution, the conclusion of World War
One, and the breakup of the Second International, the Communist International, usually
referred to as the Comintern or the Third International, was established in 1919.
Dedicated to proletarian internationalism and the revolutionary overthrow of the global
capitalism, it was an alliance of communist political parties from throughout the world.
> GLOBALISM - Globalism describes a number of meaning-patterns that go beyond the
purely international. While mostly linked with world-systems, it can also be used to
characterize other global trends. Political scientists like Joseph Nye use it to describe
"attempts to understand all the interconnections of the modern world—and to highlight
patterns that underlie (and explain) them." The term "globalism" is also traditionally used
to distinguish between the mechanisms of globalization and its ideologies (the subjective
meanings) (the objective practices). In this regard, nationalism is to nationality what
globalism is to globalization.
8. Explain the effects of globalization on governments
> Every cultural, social, administrative, and economic system in the twenty-first century
has been profoundly impacted by the globalization process that impacts all nations. The
process of change also involves public administration, which struggles to meet the needs
of both society and the individual. Public administration and local governments have
undergone substantial changes as a result of reforms that have spread throughout the
world under the banner of "new public administration" under the impact of the
globalization movement. This process brought together two distinct phenomena, such as
globalization and locality, and resulted in modifications to both the concept of the
classical state and public administration. Local governments serve as the primary
economic pillars and have received some authority from the nation-state, which makes
economic decisions. Local governments were compelled by this circumstance to undergo
structural and functional transformation along the globalization-localization axis. It
should be mentioned that addressing the inequalities brought about by globalization
policies would benefit greatly from boosting localization, promoting local values, and
empowering local governments.
9. Identify the institutions that govern international relations
> Institutions such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organisation (WTO), and
the International Court of Justice are taken to, over time, have developed power and
influence to shape the foreign policies of individual states.
The United Nations, NATO, the World Trade Organization, the European Union, and
other postwar institutions all help to provide economic stability and international
security, contributing to unprecedented levels of prosperity and the longest period in
modern history without war between major powers.