THE HL ESSAY Citations a quick resource guide More Use this info. For your EE too! MLA 8 @ The Owl The Online Writing Lab (or The OWL) at Purdue is your BEST resource for citation and formatting. So, if you don’t know how to cite something properly, LOOK IT UP! Here, however, you will find the most basic citation directions that you’d use for your HL Essay Quote Blending Reminders Blend your quotes smoothly… - They should be embedded IN your sentence - Use ONLY the part of the quote you’re actually analyzing - If you really need a long quote that is longer than 4 typed lines, use the long quote form and make sure you ACTUALLY analyze the whole quote, otherwise cut unessential parts using ellipses - Do not use quotes to merely summarize - Mention literary features used and analyze their effects - If using a translated text, use phrases like “in this translation” when exploring specifics of syntax, diction or sound Quote Blending Example Notice: - Short quotes - Rolls with the sentences - Literary terms - Solid analysis In-Text Citations Remember: - They DO NOT count towards your word count - If you cite more than one author, you need to include the author’s last name EVERY TIME - Get spacing and and punctuation right Citing Shakespeare When citing Shakespeare plays, list the ACT, SCENE, and LINES in parenthetical citations (page numbers are NOT included), separated by periods: For example: (Macbeth 1.3.14-17) refers to Act 1, Scene 3, Lines 14 to 17 of Macbeth. If one were to write a paper on Othello in which he or she quoted only Othello, Shakespeare would be used in the citation: (Shakespeare 3.3.165-171) For your information, though this doesn’t apply to HL Essays in which you only write about one text: - If you were to write a paper about Shakespeare’s tragedies and you quoted King Lear, Hamlet, and Othello, use the play’s name in the citation. (Hamlet 3.2.115) Citing Poetry When using short (fewer than three lines of verse) quotations from poetry, mark breaks in verse with a slash, ( / ), at the end of each line of verse (a space should precede and follow the slash). If a stanza break occurs during the quotation, use a double slash ( // ). Cullen concludes, "Of all the things that happened there / That's all I remember" (11-12). Poem line numbers FYI: If I was going to cite a number of Cullen’s poems, I would add the title to the in-text citation: (“Incident” 11-12) → poem titles are put in quotation marks! Long Quotations For quotations that are more than four lines of prose or three lines of verse, place quotations in a free-standing block of text and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, with the entire quote indented ½ inch from the left margin while maintaining double-spacing. Your parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark. When quoting verse, maintain original line breaks. (You should maintain double-spacing throughout your essay.) For example, when citing more than four lines of prose, use the following examples: Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration: They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and I had no more Indent & sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By double space chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he When citing long sections of poetry (four lines of verse or more), keep formatting as close to the original as possible. In his poem "My Papa's Waltz," Theodore Roethke explores his childhood with his father: The whiskey on your breath Could make a small boy dizzy; found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged But I hung on like death: to confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the Such waltzing was not easy. house. (Bronte 78) We Romped until the pans Notice the difference in punctuation Slid from the kitchen shelf; My mother's countenance Could not unfrown itself. (qtd. in Shrodes, Finestone, Shugrue 202) Further guidance re: long quotes on the OWL HERE Citing Songs & Albums A Song or Album Music can be cited multiple ways. Mainly, this depends on the container that you accessed the music from. Generally, citations begin with the artist name. They might also be listed by composers or performers. Otherwise, list composer and performer information after the album title. Put individual song titles in quotation marks. Album names are italicized. Provide the name of the recording manufacturer followed by the publication date. If information such as record label or name of album is unavailable from your source, do not list that information. For ALL SORTS of other common non-print texts types, find the directions HERE. Spotify Rae Morris. “Skin.” Cold, Atlantic Records, 2014. Spotify, open.spotify.com/track/0OPES3Tw5r86O6fudK8gxi. Online Album Beyoncé. “Pray You Catch Me.” Lemonade, Parkwood Entertainment, 2016, www.beyonce.com/album/lemonade-visual-album/. How this looks in your in-text citations: As the song begins with “deep in the core of a broken one” (Morris), the somber mood is immediately set. The anaphora of “I’m prayin’” (Beyoncé) in the chorus suggests... CD (OMG! Remember CDs?! Of course you don’t!) Nirvana. "Smells Like Teen Spirit." Nevermind, Geffen, 1991. band/artist song title album title record co. year “Here we are now, entertain us” (Nirvana) served as a 90s battle cry for teens… Citing more… Citing more… Citing Images Citing Images Example Works Cited Page - - - Works Cited - bolded and centered at the top of the list Double spaced Second & subsequent lines of entries are distinguished by a hanging indent NO extra spaces between entries Alphabetical by last name If translated, use the format for translated texts (see next slide…) If your work is from an anthology, reference, or collection, there are lots of variations as to how this would look→ read more HERE The basic form for a book citation is: Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. City of Publication, Publisher, Publication Date. *Note: the City of Publication should only be used if the book was published before 1900, if the publisher has offices in more than one country, or if the publisher is unknown in North America. Work Cited (an example) Burns, Robert. "Red, Red Rose." 100 Best-Loved Poems, edited by Philip Smith, Dover, 1995, p. 26. Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. MacMurray, 1999. Peterson, Nancy J., editor. Toni Morrison: Critical and Theoretical Approaches. Johns Hopkins UP, 1997. Works Cited Page Use the format for translated texts, if needed Foucault, Michel. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. Translated by Richard Howard, Vintage-Random House, 1988.
