Journal #3
During the Age of
Discovery, European
adventurers explored
North America.
Some historians say
that these men were
motivated by God,
gold, and glory.
What do you think
historians mean by
this? Explain.
 Iroquois
 Prince Henry
 Taino
 Treaty of Tordesillas
 Columbian Exchange
What legacy did the
Spanish have on the
Americas?
Spanish explorers were
lured to the New World by
the prospect of a vast land
filled with gold and silver.
These explorers became
known as conquistadors
(conquerors) that targeted
Central & South America.
~ Historical Meeting ~
Hernando Cortez and Montezuma
Montezuma shared the Aztecs gold supply
with Cortez, but the Aztec people eventually
rebelled and drove the Spanish out and
killed Montezuma (seen as a traitor).
The Aztecs were able to repel
the Spanish, but they could
not stop the disease.
The Spanish launched a
counter attack, but the Aztec
force was greatly reduced by
small pox and measles.
The Aztec surrendered and the
Spanish burned Tenochtitlan
(becomes modern day Mexico
City) to the ground and then
Cortez laid out plans for the
Spanish colony of New Spain.
Spanish settlers in the Americas were known as peninsulares.
Marriage between peninsulares and native women was
common. These marriages created a large mestizo population.
The Spanish still continued to oppress natives by instituting a
policy called enomienda.
Encomienda - Natives farmed, ranched, or mined for the
Spanish landlords, who had received the rights to their labor.
The Spanish monarchy tried
to encouraged fair treatment
of the natives, so they
abolished encomienda.
To meet their labor needs,
the Spanish turned to African
slaves.
Ponce de Leon - Florida
Explored Florida and the surrounding areas for
gold and possibly a Fountain of Youth, but were
constantly battling local natives, disease and
starvation.
In 1562, discouraged by the lack of economic
success, Spain abandoned further exploration.
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado - Southwest
Led the first expedition into what is now Arizona,
New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas to
look for another wealthy empire to conquer.
After wandering
for two years,
he did not find
a large wealthy empire or any
precious metals.
Spanish priests and soldiers
began forcing Native
Americans to help support
missions by paying a tribute.
Native Americans who
practiced their native
religion or refused to pay
the tribute were beaten.
Spain will slowly lost its dominance
in the Americas because:
1. Continued rebellions that
were well organized by
Native American leaders.
2. Defeat of the Spanish
Armada by the British.
What legacy did the
Spanish have on the
Americas?
Were the early English
colonies in North America
successful?
One of England’s first attempt at a colony
in the “new world” was at Roanoke Island.
John White sailed back to England for
supplies the colony. Upon this return to
Roanoke, he found the settlement empty
and the colonists had vanished.
All that was found
was the word
“CROATOAN” (a
Native American
tribe) was carved
into a tree.
In 1607, the English created
a new settlement in Virginia,
called Jamestown.
John Smith was the leader
of the settlement, which
struggled early on (112 out
of the 150 colonists died
within the first 8 months).
John Smith was able to
get the Powhatan people
to provide for the
upcoming winter season.
Soon after though,
violence erupted between
colonists and natives.
In Jamestown, colonist John Rolfe
developed a new type of high-quality
tobacco. Colonists were exporting more
than 1.5 million pounds every year, but
something was missing…
Indentured
Headright Servants
System - Policy
A person
of granting
who has
50
contracted
acres of land
to work
to each
for
another
settler and
for atolimited
each
period,
family member
often in return
who
for
accompanied
travel expenses,
him.
food and shelter.
The leaders of Jamestown
demanded tributes of corn and
labor from the Powhatan.
Soldiers “encouraged” the
Powhatan to give in to their
demands by setting their
villages on fire and stealing
their children (one of which
was Pocahontas) from them.
Continued conflicts between the
colonists and natives, led James I
to make Virginia a royal colony.
James sent reinforcements to
Virginia strengthen Virginia and
conquered the Powhatan.
Virginia frontiersman were being attacked by
N.A.s and they asked for help from the governor
of Virginia, but received “NO” for an answer.
Nathaniel Bacon would not take “NO” for an
answer, so he raised his own army and attacked
not only the N.A.s, but also marched on
Jamestown to confront colonial leadership.
Bacon’s complaints were:
1. Need an army to defend
against the N.A.s
2. Lack of representation in
the House of Burgesses
3. Being taxed and governed
without their consent.
Bacon’s men ended up setting fire to the town
and the colonial leadership fled. Luckily for the
colonial leaders, Nathaniel Bacon died a month
after the siege of Jamestown and colonial
leaders were able to restore order.
Stick a fork
in him…he is
DONE!
Were the early English
colonies in North America
successful?
What impact did the
Puritans have on the New
England colonies?
Puritans were members of the Anglican
Church in England, who wanted the church
to purify itself and remove all traces of the
Catholic Church.
Dear Lord,
Some Puritans thought
Thanks for football
the best thing to do was
on Sundays!!
to break away from the
Anglican Church, so
they became known as
Separatists, known
today as Pilgrims.
The Separatists needed to escape
persecution, so many fled to Holland, but
eventually in 1620 the Pilgrims left for
America and founded Plymouth Colony.
MAYFLOWER
COMPACT
An agreement reached
by the Pilgrims on the
Mayflower (their ship)
just before they landed
at Plymouth Rock.
This document bound
them to live in a civil
society according to
their own laws.
Historical Significance:
It remained the fundamental law of the
colony and became a landmark of
American democratic government.
John Winthrop was the first
governor of the
Massachusetts Bay Colony.
The port town of Boston
became their capital.
Within the first year 1,000
men, women, and children
(both Puritan and nonPuritan) came.
The colony grew so
Historical Significance: As the colony
large that it eventually
developed, a close relationship
incorporated Plymouth between Church and State developed.
Colony into it.
Roger He was a colonist in the Massachusetts Bay Colony,
Williams but was dissatisfied with how things were going.
Williams believed that the government officials had
no business in punishing settlers for their religious beliefs.
He was ordered to be
arrested, but he fled
south to set up a new
colony, which he
called Providence.
Historical Significance:
Anne
Williams guaranteed separation of
Hutchinson
church and state and religious freedom.
She was banished from the colony as well because
she preached that worshippers did not need the
church or ministers to interpret the bible for them.
PEQUOT WAR
Disputes over land
between the colonists
and the N.A.s finally
reached a breaking
point. The Pequot
nation took a stand
against the colonists.
90 English colonists and hundreds of
their N.A. allies surrounded a Pequot
fort. The English shot all but a few of
the 500-600 people in the fort (men,
women, and children).
KING PHILIP’S WAR
Chief of the Metacom, whom the English
referred to as King Philip organized an alliance
between his tribe and several others to stand
up to the colonists.
The N.A.s used hit and run
tactics against outlying
settlements. For two years the
two sides waged mutual
brutality and destruction.
The N.A.s gradually
surrendered or fled to the
west. To commemorate
their victory, the Puritans exhibited
Metacom’s head for 20 years.
What impact did the
Puritans have on the New
England colonies?
How did the Middle and Southern
colonies develop?
The Dutch called their colony New Netherlands
and its major port and capital became New
Amsterdam. The Dutch had less problems with
the Native Americans (Iroquois) because they
were less interested in conquering them, and
more interested in trading with them.
The English felt that
the Dutch colony was
a “wedge” between
their New England
colonies and their
Southern colonies.
The king of England granted his
brother James, the Duke of York
to sail a fleet to New Amsterdam
and drive out the Dutch.
When the English arrived, the unpopular
governor of the colony, Peter Stuyvesant, tried
to rally the Dutch to defend the settlement.
The Dutch surrendered
without a shot fired.
James renamed the colony:
 New Netherlands = New York
 New Amsterdam = New York City
 2 Friends received Territory = New Jersey
William Penn and the Quakers
believed they could no longer
practice their religion in England
because of religious persecution.
Major beliefs:
+ Quakers held services without
ministers.
+ Anyone could speak at services.
+ Dressed Plainly.
+ Embraced Pacifism – (Opposed
war & Military Service)
Penn saw his colony as a “holy
experiment” in living. He gave 50 acres
of land, the right to vote, religious
freedom to every male that came.
Penn made sure
his colonists
worked with the
Native Americans,
therefore the
colony had no
major problems
with them.
Historical Significance: The principles of
equality, cooperation and religious
tolerance on which he founded his vision
would eventually become fundamental
values of the new American nation.
MARYLAND
King Charles I granted
George Calvert the
region known as
Maryland today.
The colony of ended
up becoming famous
for its religious
toleration (Catholics).
CAROLINAS
King Charles II
awarded a group of key
supporters the land
between Virginia and
Spanish Florida that
soon become known as
North & South Carolina.
GEORGIA
James Oglethorpe
created a colony as a
haven for those
imprisoned for debt.
Oglethorpe’s policies in
Georgia prohibited
slavery and the drinking
of rum which did not
encourage immigrants
to come to his colony.
The King takes over the
colony and overturns
the policies.
How did the Middle and Southern
colonies develop?