1. Which of the following statements about
carbohydrates is correct?
A) Carbohydrates are composed of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
atoms in a ratio of 1:2:1.
B) Carbohydrates are composed of
carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen
atoms in a ratio of 1:2:1.
C) Carbohydrates are composed of
carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
atoms in a ratio of 1:2:1.
D) Carbohydrates are composed of
carbon, oxygen, and sulfur
atoms in a ratio of 1:2:1.
2. Which of the following is a primary
function of carbohydrates in living
organisms?
A) Energy storage
B) Facilitating cell communication
C) Building cell membranes
D) Carrying out enzymatic
reactions
3. Which of the following statements about
monosaccharides is true?
A) They are the simplest form of
carbohydrates.
B) They consist of two sugar units
joined together.
C) They are insoluble in water.
D) They are primarily found in animal
tissues.
4. Which of the following is an example of
a disaccharide?
A) Glucose
B) Fructose
C) Lactose
D) Starch
5. Which polysaccharide is the primary
energy storage molecule in animals?
A) Glycogen
B) Cellulose
C) Chitin
D) Amylose
6. What is the main structural component
of plant cell walls?
A) Cholesterol
B) Lactose
7.
8.
9.
A)
B)
C)
D)
10.
11.
12.
13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
C) Cellulose
D) Sucrose
Which of the following is a reducing
sugar?
A) Sucrose
B) Maltose
C) Fructose
D) Lactose
Which of the following is an example of
a complex carbohydrate?
A) Glucose
B) Fructose
C) Lactose
D) Starch
Which enzyme is responsible for
breaking down complex carbohydrates
in the human digestive system?
Protease
Amylase
Lipase
Sucrase
What is the chemical formula for
glucose?
A) C6H12O2
B) C6H12O6
C) C12H22O11
D) C6H10O5
Which of the following is not a function
of carbohydrates in living organisms?
A) Providing structural support
B) Acting as a precursor for nucleic
acids
C) Serving as an energy source
D) Facilitating cell communication
Which carbohydrate is commonly
known as table sugar?
A) Glucose
B) Sucrose
C) Fructose
D) Maltose
Which of the following is an example of
a hexose sugar?
Glucose
Ribose
Galactose
Fructose
14. Which of the following is a common
function of carbohydrates in plants?
18. Which carbohydrate is commonly found in
the exoskeleton of arthropods?
A) Acting as structural components in cell
membranes
A) Glycogen
B) Storing genetic information
C) Providing insulation and protection
D) Facilitating nerve impulse transmission
15. Which of the following is an example of a
reducing sugar?
A) Sucrose
B) Lactose
C) Maltose
D) Cellulose
B) Cellulose
C) Chitin
D) Amylose
19. Which of the following is a complex
carbohydrate found in plants?
A) Maltose
B) Lactose
C) Amylose
D) Fructose
16. Which type of carbohydrate is characterized
by a ring structure?
20. Which type of carbohydrate cannot be
digested by humans due to the lack of specific
enzymes?
A) Monosaccharide
A) Cellulose
B) Disaccharide
B) Maltose
C) Polysaccharide
C) Lactose
D) Oligosaccharide
D) Fructose
17. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking
down starch into smaller glucose units during
digestion?
21. Which of the following is a storage
polysaccharide in plants?
A) Amylase
B) Protease
C) Lipase
D) Sucrase
18. Which of the following is a non-reducing
disaccharide?
A) Maltose
B) Lactose
C) Sucrose
D) Fructose
A) Glycogen
B) Cellulose
C) Starch
D) Chitin
22. Which of the following is an example of a
branched polysaccharide?
A) Cellulose
B) Starch
C) Chitin
D) Lactose
23. Which of the following is a reducing sugar
commonly found in milk?
28. Which of the following carbohydrates is
found in honey?
A) Glucose
A) Glucose
B) Lactose
B) Sucrose
C) Maltose
C) Maltose
D) Sucrose
D) Lactose
24. Which carbohydrate is used by plants to
transport energy from leaves to other parts of the
plant?
29. Which type of carbohydrate is composed of
3 to 10 sugar units joined together?
A) Starch
B) Cellulose
C) Sucrose
D) Glycogen
25. Which of the following is a common
sweetener used as a sugar substitute?
A) Lactose
B) Maltose
C) Xylitol
D) Cellulose
26. Which of the following is an example of a
pentose sugar?
A) Glucose
B) Fructose
C) Ribose
D) Galactose
27. Which carbohydrate is used as a structural
component in the exoskeleton of insects?
A) Chitin
B) Glycogen
C) Cellulose
D) Starch
A) Monosaccharide
B) Disaccharide
C) Oligosaccharide
D) Polysaccharide
30. Which of the following is a storage
polysaccharide in animals?
A) Starch
B) Cellulose
C) Glycogen
31. Which type of bond is formed between two
monosaccharides to create a disaccharide?
A) Peptide bond
B) Ionic bond
C) Glycosidic bond
D) Hydrogen bond
32. In cellulose, the monosaccharides are linked
together by which type of bond?
A) Peptide bond
B) Ionic bond
C) Glycosidic bond
D) Phosphodiester bond
33. Which type of bond is broken during
hydrolysis of a polysaccharide into individual
monosaccharide units?
A) Peptide bond
B) Ionic bond
C) Glycosidic bond
D) Covalent bond
34. The main storage polysaccharide in animals,
glycogen, is formed by which type of glycosidic
bond?
A) α-1,4-glycosidic bond
B) β-1,4-glycosidic bond
C) α-1,6-glycosidic bond
D) β-1,6-glycosidic bond
35. Which type of bond allows amylose and
amylopectin to form branched structures in
starch?
A) Peptide bond
B) Ionic bond
C) Glycosidic bond
D) Phosphodiester bond
36. When a monosaccharide reacts with an
alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, what
type of reaction occurs?
A) Hydrolysis
B) Esterification
C) Oxidation
D) Reduction
37. Which type of reaction occurs when a
disaccharide is broken down into its constituent
monosaccharides?
38. When glucose reacts with oxygen in the
presence of enzymes, what type of reaction takes
place?
A) Oxidation
B) Reduction
C) Esterification
D) Dehydration synthesis
39. Which type of reaction occurs when a
reducing sugar reacts with an amino group to
form a glycosidic bond?
A) Hydrolysis
B) Esterification
C) Oxidation
D) Maillard reaction
40. When starch is heated in the presence of
water, what type of reaction occurs to break it
down into smaller sugar units?
A) Oxidation
B) Esterification
C) Hydrolysis
D) Dehydration synthesis
41. Cellulose is a polymer made up of repeating
units of which monosaccharide?
A) Glucose
B) Fructose
C) Galactose
D) Maltose
A) Dehydration synthesis
42. Cellulose is a major component of which
part of plant cells?
B) Hydrolysis
A) Cell membrane
C) Polymerization
B) Vacuole
D) Isomerization
C) Nucleus
D) Cell wall
43. The glycosidic bonds in cellulose are
predominantly of which type?
D) Alternating chains of glucose and fructose
units.
A) α-1,4-glycosidic bonds
48. What is the primary difference in structure
between amylose and amylopectin?
B) β-1,4-glycosidic bonds
C) α-1,6-glycosidic bonds
D) β-1,6-glycosidic bonds
44. Which of the following enzymes is involved
in breaking down cellulose in certain
microorganisms and animals?
A) Cellulase
B) Amylase
C) Lipase
D) Protease
45. Cellulose is indigestible by humans due to
the lack of which enzyme required to break its
glycosidic bonds?
A) Amylose is a branched chain polymer, while
amylopectin is a linear chain polymer.
B) Amylose is a linear chain polymer, while
amylopectin is a branched chain polymer.
C) Amylose contains glucose units, while
amylopectin contains fructose units.
D) Amylose has a helical structure, while
amylopectin forms a globular shape.
49. Which type of carbohydrate has a highly
branched structure with many α-1,4-glycosidic
bonds and occasional α-1,6-glycosidic branch
points?
A) Cellulose
B) Starch
A) Cellulase
C) Glycogen
B) Amylase
D) Chitin
C) Lipase
D) Protease
46. Which of the following best describes the
structure of a monosaccharide?
A) Two sugar units joined together
B) Branched chains of sugar units
C) A single sugar unit
D) Multiple sugar units arranged in a helical
structure
47. The structure of cellulose is characterized
by:
A) Linear chains of glucose units connected by
α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.
B) Branched chains of glucose units connected
by α-1,6-glycosidic bonds.
C) Helical structures formed by fructose units.
50. The structure of chitin, a polysaccharide
found in the exoskeleton of arthropods, is
similar to:
A) Starch, with a linear chain of glucose units.
B) Cellulose, with a branched chain of glucose
units.
C) Glycogen, with a highly branched structure
of glucose units.
D) Amylose, with a helical arrangement of
glucose units.