CHAPTER 26 URINARY
(QUIZ 1)
1. The function of the urinary system is to
*A)*
maintain homeostasis
*B)*
excrete waste products
*C)*
secrete a hormone that stimulates production of red blood cells
*D)*
maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and pH
*E)*
all of the above
2. Which of the following is the smallest unit of the urinary system capable of
forming urine?
*A)*
glomerulus
*B)*
nephron and collecting duct
*C)*
peritubular capillaries
*D)*
loop of Henle
3. The urinary system organ that removes waste products from the body and helps
regulate blood pressure is the
*A)*
liver.
*B)*
heart.
*C)*
kidney.
*D)*
lungs.
4. Blood and the lymphatic vessels and nerves enter and exit the kidney through
what structure?
*A)*
hilus
*B)*
renal sinus
*C)*
renal calyces
*D)*
adrenal glands
5. Of the layers of tissue that surround the kidney, which layer is continuous with
the outer layer of the ureter?
*A)*
adipose capsule
*B)*
renal capsule
*C)*
renal fascia
*D)*
peritoneum
6. The layer of fatty tissue that surrounds the kidney is called the
*A)*
renal sinus
*B)*
renal pelvis
*C)*
adipose capsule
*D)*
renal capsule
7. The layer that holds the kidney in place within the abdominal cavity is called the
*A)*
renal sinus
*B)*
renal fascia
*C)*
renal capsule
*D)*
adipose capsule
8. The inner region of the kidney that appears to contain striated triangles (i.e. the
renal pyramids) is called the
*A)*
renal cortex
*B)*
renal sinus
*C)*
renal medulla
*D)*
renal pelvis
9. Nephrons are found running through which two layers of the kidney?
*A)*
renal sinus, medulla
*B)*
cortex, medulla
*C)*
hilus, pyramids
*D)*
pyramids, renal sinus
10. The apexes of the renal pyramids are called
*A)*
renal columns
*B)*
renal papillae
*C)*
renal pyramid
*D)*
renal pelvis
11. In addition to the blood vessels, the nephron consists of two other principal
parts, the ______ where the fluid is filtered and a______ into which the filtered fluid
passes.
*A)*
glomerulus; renal tubule
*B)*
renal pelvis; proximal tubule
*C)*
collecting duct; distal tubule
*D)*
glomerulus; juxtamedullary nephron
12. The _____ drains blood from the glomerular capillaries.
*A)*
efferent arteriole
*B)*
afferent arteriole
*C)*
Bowman's capsule
*D)*
peritubular capillary
13. Which of the following descend into the medulla?
*A)*
Bowman's capsule
*B)*
distal tubule
*C)*
proximal tubule
*D)*
loop of Henle
14. Trace the flow of urine from nephrons to the renal pelvis.
*A)*
glomerulusglomerular capsuleproximal tubulesloop of
Henledistal tubulescollecting ductrenal pelvis
*B)*
glomerular capsule -glomerulus-loop of Henle-distal tubulesproximal tubules-distal tubular-collecting duct-renal pelvis
*C)*
loop of Henle-distal tubules-collecting duct-proximal tubulesglomerulus glomerular capsule-renal pelvis
*D)*
none of the above is correct
15. What are the cells called that wrap pedicels around the glomerular capillaries?
*A)*
pinocytes
*B)*
sertoli
*C)*
podocytes
*D)*
None of the above.
16. Which of the following does NOT contain a smooth muscle layer?
*A)*
kidney
*B)*
urinary bladder
*C)*
ureters
*D)*
urethra
17. The kidney lies on the dorsal wall of the ______ cavity.
*A)*
cranial
*B)*
abdominal
*C)*
thoracic
*D)*
lateral
18. The most superficial covering of the urinary bladder on the posterior and inferior
surface is the
*A)*
adventitia.
*B)*
serosa.
*C)*
sphincter.
*D)*
muscularis.
19. What is the principal function of the ureter?
*A)*
transport blood to the efferent arterioles
*B)*
transport urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder
*C)*
transport glucose and protein into the renal pelvis
*D)*
none of the above
20. Mucus secreted by the ______prevents the cells lining the ureter from coming in
contact with urine.
*A)*
fibrous capsule
*B)*
adventitia
*C)*
muscularis
*D)*
mucosa
21. Urine moves down the ureter by way of
*A)*
hydrostatic pressure.
*B)*
gravity.
*C)*
peristaltic contractions.
*D)*
All the above.
22. What structure receives urine flowing down the ureters?
*A)*
ureter
*B)*
urinary bladder
*C)*
urethra
*D)*
renal pelvis
23. The small tube leading from the floor of the urinary bladder to the exterior of
the body is the
*A)*
renal pelvis
*B)*
ureter
*C)*
urethra
*D)*
calyx
24. What is the terminal portion of the urinary system?
*A)*
urethra
*B)*
penis
*C)*
vagina
*D)*
ureter
25. The urinary bladder
*A)*
is bean shaped
*B)*
varies in size depending on how full it is
*C)*
is pear shaped when full
*D)*
Both B and C.
26. In the floor of the urinary bladder is a small triangular muscle called
*A)*
serosa
*B)*
mucosa
*C)*
detrusor
*D)*
trigone
27. In the urinary bladder which of the following is composed of skeletal muscle and
is a modification of the urogenital diaphragm muscle?
*A)*
external urethra sphincter
*B)*
internal urethra sphincter
*C)*
serosa
*D)*
adventitia
28. In the male what functions does the urethra serve?
*A)*
discharge of semen only
*B)*
discharge of sperm only
*C)*
discharge of urine
*D)*
discharge of semen and urine
29. Suppose a large stone is blocking a calyx. What effect might this have on NFP
(net filtration pressure)?
*A)*
It would increase NFP by increasing CHP (capsular hydrostatic
*B)*
It would decrease NFP by increasing CHP.
*C)*
It would increase NFP by increasing colloid osmotic pressure.
*D)*
None of the above.
pressure).
30. What is the condition called when a patient's output of urine is less than 50 ml?
*A)*
dysuria
*B)*
anuria
*C)*
enuresis
*D)*
azotemia
31. How much blood enters the renal arteries per minute?
*A)*
180 L
*B)*
1200 ml
*C)*
500 ml
*D)*
700 ml
32. Where does the first step in the production of urine occur?
*A)*
Bowman's capsule
*B)*
glomerulus
*C)*
vasa recta
*D)*
proximal convoluted tubule
33. In the kidneys, the largest volume of
of the following?
water reabsorption occurs in which
*A)*
glomerular capillaries
*B)*
collecting duct
*C)*
proximal convoluted tubules
*D)*
distal convoluted tubules
34. In the kidneys, the largest volume of
which of the following?
glucose reabsorption
*A)*
glomerular capillaries
*B)*
collecting duct
*C)*
proximal tubules
*D)*
distal tubules
occurs in
35. Which of the following determines the rate of chloride reabsorption in the
kidney?
*A)*
rate of water reabsorption
*B)*
rate of sodium reabsorption
*C)*
rate of glucose reabsorption
*D)*
rate of phosphate reabsorption
36. There are three basic renal processes for urine formation. Which of the following
is NOT one of these processes?
*A)*
urine excretion
*B)*
tubular reabsorption
*C)*
tubular secretion
*D)*
glomerular filtration
37. In glomerular filtration, what is the normal value for net filtration pressure?
*A)*
55 mmHg
*B)*
30 mm Hg
*C)*
15 mm Hg
*D)*
10 mm Hg
38. Which of the following filtered substances is
*A)*
sodium
*B)*
glucose
*C)*
urea
*D)*
creatinine
NOT present in normal urine?
39. Filtration of blood in the glomeruli is promoted by
*A)*
blood colloid osmotic pressure
*B)*
blood hydrostatic pressure
*C)*
capsular hydrostatic pressure
*D)*
Both A and B.
40. Small proteins and peptides that pass the glomerular filters are usually
reabsorbed by
*A)*
osmosis
*B)*
simple diffusion
*C)*
pinocytosis
*D)*
phagocytosis
41. The concentration of solutes in tubular fluid is greatest in the
*A)*
glomerular capsule
*B)*
proximal tubule
*C)*
distal tubule
*D)*
loop of Henle
42. Which of the following would pass through the glomerular filters in the kidney
most easily?
*A)*
albumin
*B)*
antibodies
*C)*
glucose
*D)*
angiotensinogen
43. Normally most filtered bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed in the
*A)*
proximal tubule
*B)*
loop of Henle
*C)*
collecting duct
*D)*
glomerulus
44. The reabsorption of glucose and amino acids is mediated by
*A)*
facilitated diffusion
*B)*
co-transport
*C)*
antiport
*D)*
Both A and B.
45. What solutes contribute to the osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid in the renal
medulla?
*A)*
NaCl
*B)*
urea
*C)*
uric Acid
*D)*
both A and B
46. Which of the following is derived from amino acids and can be found in urine?
*A)*
HCl
*B)*
Ca2^+
*C)*
phosphate
*D)*
urea
47. Which of the following would be in the highest concentration in normal urine?
*A)*
urobilinogen
*B)*
creatinine
*C)*
bilirubin
*D)*
albumin
48. The kidney secretes a hormone that triggers a cascade that regulates blood
Na+ and blood pressure. It is called
*A)*
erythropoietin
*B)*
vasopressin
*C)*
renin
*D)*
angiotensin
49. Which hormone most directly affects glomerular filtration?
*A)*
renin
*B)*
ADH
*C)*
Angiotensin II
*D)*
Atrial natriuretic peptide
50. The kidney has a built-in system to compensate for moderate changes in
systemic arterial pressure for a short period of time. What is the name of this
system?
*A)*
renin
*B)*
hormonal regulation
*C)*
autoregulation
*D)*
vaspressin
51. Urine that is hypotonic to blood plasma are produced when
*A)*
levels of aldosterone are high
*B)*
levels of antidiuretic hormone are high
*C)*
levels of antidiuretic hormone are low
*D)*
plasma concentration of sodium ions is high
52. The sweet odor of diabetic urine is due to the presence of
*A)*
ketone bodies
*B)*
glucose
*C)*
sucrose
*D)*
albumin
53. Angiotensinogen is produced by the
*A)*
kidney
*B)*
liver
*C)*
lungs
*D)*
adrenal cortex
54. Vasopressin (ADH) acts at the level of the basolateral membrane in the distal
tubules and ____tubules.
*A)*
collecting
*B)*
proximal
*C)*
arterioles
*D)*
glomerulus
55. How do diuretics affect the urine?
*A)*
increase the urine flow
*B)*
decrease the urine flow
*C)*
increase the cellular composition of the urine
*D)*
none of the above
56. How can you tell if your patient has diabetes insipidus?
*A)*
very dilute urine
*B)*
extreme thirst
*C)*
decrease in ADH
*D)*
all the above
57. The most common cause of glucosuria is untreated diabetes mellitus, in which
the
*A)*
rate at which glucose enters the glomerular filtrate is higher
than the rate at which the distal tubules and collecting duct can
reabsorb it.
*B)*
sodium plus glucose symports in the distal tubules are defective
*C)*
are defective
sodium plus glucose symports in the proximal convoluted tubule
*D)* transport maximum for glucose reabsorption in the proximal
tubule is exceeded
58. If the level of aldosterone in the blood increases, then
*A)*
more potassium is excreted in the urine
*B)*
more sodium is excreted in the urine
*C)*
blood pressure will drop
*D)*
glomerular filtration rate will drop
59. Principal cells in the distal tubules and collecting duct
*A)*
secrete renin
*B)*
respond to ADH and aldosterone
*C)*
respond to ADH only
*D)*
respond to aldosterone only
60. Urinalysis consists of which of the following?
*A)*
chemical properties of urine
*B)*
physical properties of urine
*C)*
microscopic properties of urine
*D)*
All the above
61. If a substance is filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted its renal clearance rate
*A)*
equals the GFR.
*B)*
is always greater than the GFR.
*C)*
is less than the GFR.
*D)*
does not affect the GFR.
62. Renal threshold equals
*A)*
urine output
*B)*
*C)*
molecule
cardiac output
plasma concentration at which reabsorption is saturated and the
appears in urine
*D)*
GFR
63. If a substance has exceeded its transport maximum (Tmax) in the kidney
tubules, it is likely that
*A)*
urine volume will increase
*B)*
urine volume will decrease
*C)*
unusually high
*D)*
the concentration of the substance in the blood would become
Both A and C
64. The reason insulin is used to determine glomerular filtration rate is because it is
*A)*
both filtered and efficiently secreted by nephrons
*B)*
both filtered and completely reabsorbed by nephrons
*C)*
neither secreted nor reabsorbed
*D)*
only secreted
65. Which of the following is
measure plasma clearance?
NOT a characteristic of substances that are used to
*A)*
It must pass through the filtration membrane as easily as water.
*B)*
It must not be reabsorbed.
*C)*
It must be metabolized by the kidney.
*D)*
It must not be secreted into the nephron.
66. Which of the following may occur in patients with severe diabetes mellitus?
*A)*
Tubular maximum may exceed tubular load.
*B)*
Tubular load may exceed tubular maximum.
*C)*
They have dilute urine.
*D)*
They have high glucose in the blood without glucose in the
urine?
67. A bladder containing _____ml of urine could be close to bursting point in an
average-sized human.
*A)*
700
*B)*
300
*C)*
1000
*D)*
500
68. What is the term for urine discharge?
*A)*
azotemia
*B)*
enuresis
*C)*
micturition
*D)*
polyuria
69. What are some common constituents of kidney stones (renal calculi)?
*A)*
uric acid
*B)*
calcium
*C)*
magnesium
*D)*
all the above
70. Enuresis is which of the following?
*A)*
bed wetting
*B)*
difficult in urine
*C)*
excess urine
*D)*
kidney stone
71. Which of the following would increase peristaltic contractions in the ureters?
*A)*
sympathetic nervous system stimulation
*B)*
central nervous system stimulation
*C)*
parasympathetic stimulation
*D)*
none of the above
72. At about what volume of urine does the bladder create strong action potentials
to be sent to the spinal cord for micturition?
*A)*
100ml of urine
*B)*
500ml of urine
*C)*
200ml of urine
*D)*
300ml of urine
73. Which of the following areas of the brain are involved with conscious urination?
*A)*
cerebrum
*B)*
pons
*C)*
medulla
*D)*
both A and B
74. Uremia is defined as which of the following?
*A)*
a kidney stone
*B)*
accumulation of nitrogenous waste due to tubule malfunction
*C)*
blood in the urine
*D)*
a high diastolic and low systolic pressure reading
75. Which of the following is the special branch of medicine that deals with the
structure, function, and disease of the kidney?
*A)*
urology
*B)*
renalology
*C)*
nephrology
*D)*
glomerulus specialist
76. Pyelonephritis relates to which of the following?
*A)*
an inflammation of the ureter
*B)*
an inflammation of the renal pelvis
*C)*
an inflammation of the urethra
*D)*
an inflammation of the urinary bladder
77. If a surgeon removed one kidney, which of the following would be the outcome?
*A)*
the other kidney would enlarge
*B)*
the other kidney would do the job of both
*C)*
both A and B
*D)*
None of the above.
78. Urethritis is which of the following?
*A)*
inflammation of the urethra
*B)*
painful urination
*C)*
increase urination
*D)*
blood in the urine
79. Cystitis relates to which of the following?
*A)*
protein buildup in the urine
*B)*
inflammation of the ureter
*C)*
inflammation of the urinary bladder
*D)*
inflammation of the urethra