DIPLOMA IN NURSING 2A Nursing unit management Learning Unit 1 The Management Process and Context 13 March 2023 INTRODUCTION • • • • human, financial; physical and information resources are employed to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization NETCARE EDUCATION Management a process whereby: 2 OBJECTIVES 1. Explain how the unit manager will comply with corporate governance duties 2. Describe the different levels and types of management in health care units 3. Discuss different management styles. 4. Discuss the management function of the nursing unit manager. 6. Explain the managerial roles in the practice of management. 7. Explain the fundamental management activities in the management process. NETCARE EDUCATION 5. Discuss the purpose of management in a health care facility. 8. Explain the context related to nursing unit management 3 NETCARE EDUCATION Unit manager will comply with corporate governance duties 4 Principles of corporate governance: Key elements: • Effective leadership • Sustainability • Corporate citizenship Institute of Directors, South Africa, 2016. King IV; Report on corporate governance in South Africa, 2016. South Africa. Duties related to corporate governance: Duty to take care – Exhibit the degree of care and skill. • Fiduciary duty- To act in good faith and in interest of the company / facility. • Duty to act in power of authority - /act on behalf of the company adhering to laws, legislation etc. Declaration of interest or conflict of interest NETCARE EDUCATION • Muller 2016:147. 6 NETCARE EDUCATION Different levels and types of management in health care units 7 Operational level Departmental level Xxxxxxx Cccccccc Xxxx Organisational level Head office Xxxxxxxx NETCARE EDUCATION Xxxxxxx xxxx xxx 8 Levels of management Corporate management (top management) • Small group • Accountable for the performance of the organization Operational (lower management). • Responsible for supervising the execution of the ore business of the organization in accordance with the predetermined strategies, standards and indicators. Jooste el.al 2021: 24-25. NETCARE EDUCATION Middle management • Responsible for the execution of the organizational strategies, plans and policies • Traditionally consist of functional managers (clinical, financial and HR) • Responsible for the total quality management of the organization 9 Types of Management Strategic Management – Long term Management of the organisation. • • Formulation of vision, mission. Developing goals and strategies based on factors impacting on the core business of the organisation. Jooste el.al 2021: 24-25. General Management • Integration of all facets of management. • In healthcare general management includes: Facility management systems – administration. Patient management and care systems – Compliance to patient rights, continuum of care, quality improvement etc. Technical support systems. – facility maintenance, medical equipment management, health and safety .Hotel systems – food, laundry and housekeeping. Jooste el.al 2021: 24-25. • Functional Management • Specialised area of management. • Refers to financial management, marketing , information management, human resources, etc. Jooste el.al 2021: 24-25. NETCARE EDUCATION Different management styles 14 Management styles: Refers to the way in which the nursing manager performs the management tasks in the nursing unit. Muller 2016:105. Bureaucratic management style: • • • • • This leader strictly follows policies. Strict adhering to rules and regulations . Nursing care in the unit is strictly regulated with minimal flexibility. The unit manager requires little or no input from staff members due to. Due to insecurity the manager avoids making decisions without having standards or norms as a guide. Participative/ Democratic management style: • • • • Dynamic interactive decision making and problem solving. Shared ownership and accountability. Authority and responsibilities are shared with other members in the unit. Problem solving are based on participation of all group members. Autocratic management style: • • • • • • Dictatorial method of leading by giving orders. Referred to as a controlling style of leadership. Usually makes decision alone. There is a low concern for followers and emphasis on tasks. Useful leadership in a crisis situation. Employees lack innovation to think for themselves and are unproductive in leader’s absence. Laissez faire: • • • • A generally inactive and passive leader. No limits or policies. The manager tends to be inconsistent. Team members work against each other due to lack of co – operation and co – ordination. NETCARE EDUCATION Management function of the nursing unit manager 20 The unit manager should ensure that the objectives of the unit are achieved, this requires the setting of standards, the evaluation of task performance according to a set standard, as well as remedial action to counteract or overcome any problems. Control is therefore a management activity in which the unit manager checks whether the set objectives have been achieved. Control is not a bureaucratic action but rather an empowerment of subordinates or stakeholders. • Proactive control • Continuous control • Reactive control NETCARE EDUCATION Unit managers controlling function can be divided into the following: Muller 2016:146. 21 Controlling function of the unit managers: Measures introduced to ensure that things run smoothy in the unit to mitigate their risk that have bee identified Muller 2016:146. Refers to the daily supervising and directing in the unit focusing on the empowerment of personnel to enable quality service delivery and adequate clinical governance Reactive: Is the application of discipline to overcome o counteract challenges that already exist NETCARE EDUCATION Proactive: Continuous: 22 NETCARE EDUCATION Muller 2016:146. 23 NETCARE EDUCATION Purpose of management in a health care facility 24 The purpose of management in healthcare • To achieve organisational goals. • To achieve a positive impact on health outcomes. • Responsible to ensure quality nursing in the unit. • Resource management – stock, supplies and equipment. NETCARE EDUCATION Managerial roles in the practice of management 26 Mintzberg roles Mintsberg (1987) identified three overlapping roles of managers (practice of management): Interpersonal role: Acting as the representative figure at internal and external events, exercising leadership and maintaining relationships in organization as well as externally. Decision-making role: Involves the appropriate utilization and application of information in the interest of the relevant stakeholders and facilitating the attainment of pre-determined goals, outputs and indicators Jooste el.al 2021: 20. NETCARE EDUCATION Information role: Accessing, monitoring and analysing appropriate and trustworthy information 27 NETCARE EDUCATION Fundamental management activities in the management process. 28 The management process • To achieve strategic objectives within the mission, vision, goals and targets of the organisation. Planning • Planning is determining the objectives and formulating the methods to achieve them. • During planning the unit manager and employees will focus on the following: What am I trying to accomplish i.e. what is my objective? What resources do I have ? What are the possible and restraints? • Planning should result in an action plan. • The unit manager must ensure that the action plan are communicated and understood by staff. Organising • Allocation of resources to achieve goals. • Structuring of functions and responsibilities. • Work should be divided in an organised logical manner according to job descriptions. Directing and Leading • Refers to the unit manager’s responsibility to give direction and ensure goals are achieved in the unit. • Refers to the applicable leadership style the unit manager uses to motivate and empower . Control • Establish Standards of Performance • Measure Actual Performance • Compare Performance to Standards: • Take Corrective Action NETCARE EDUCATION Context related to nursing unit management. 35 Context of health care service management: Refers to the global, legal, professional-ethical, corporate governance and business ownership environment in which the management of a healthcare organization is practiced. • • • • • • • • • The global context The constitutional context Common law General national legislation National health –related legislation Corporate governance Business ethics The professional, ethical and legal context: practitioners Business ownership Jooste el.al 2021: 6. NETCARE EDUCATION A descriptive of the context is given with reference to the following: 36 NETCARE EDUCATION Read page 6 -17 37 SUMMARY The unit manager will be able to function optimally: • understanding the management process • leadership and control skills must be developed. NETCARE EDUCATION • utilizing the planning and organization processes 38 REFLECTION You are appointed the new unit manager of the current unit you work in. NETCARE EDUCATION What changes will you make? 39 APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND SKILS At the end of this learning unit, you will be able to demonstrate competency in the following: 2. Understand that management is defined as a process whereby human, financial, physical and information resources are employed in order to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. NETCARE EDUCATION 1. The different management roles and functions. 40 ACTIVITIES AND ASSIGNMENTS 1.Describe the organizational process involved in unit management. 3. Analyze the leading and directing function of your current unit manager and make recommendations on how to improve things. 4. State the significance of control in unit management for nurses. NETCARE EDUCATION 2. Analyze the features of good organization in your health care unit. (Remember to include these activities in your POE’s) 41 HOMEWORK Define the following terms 1. Management process 2. Management roles and skills 3. Planning hierarchy 4. Organisation process 5. Staffing 6. Directing/leading 7. Control of a unit 9. Strategic management 10. Social contract 11. Ethical values (p.41) NETCARE EDUCATION 8. Performance management 12. Moral duty (p.41) 42 REFERENCES Jooste, K., Bezuidenhout, M. and Muller, M., 2021. Healthcare Service Management. 3rd ed. Cape Town: Juta and Company Ltd. NETCARE EDUCATION Muller, M. and Bester, P. 2016. Nursing Dynamics. 5th ed. Sandton: Heinemann Publishers (Pty) Ltd. 43 Video’s • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBfp4pzBIm8 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N79rpvb4dHk • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9u5YcEAkE0 Thank you Mrs. S. Erasmus Sonja.Erasmus@netcare.co.za Registered with the Department of Higher Education and Training as a Private Higher Education Institution under the Higher Education Act 1997, Registration Certificate no 2014/HE07/010
