Training Module
s
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA)
Date:
Safety Contact
2
2
What is HIRA
a process whereby hazards present in a workplace
are identified, evaluated and corrective action(s) is
prioritized in order to eliminate or reduce risks to
acceptable levels…
3
Objectives
The objective of this training is to explain:
• What are the Hazards and Risks?
• What is Risk Assessment?
• Introduce methodology for conducting Hazard
Identification and Risk Assessment.
4
Scope
It covers all activities controlled by Renew
Power and carried out by employees,
associates or contractors.
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How is HIRA different from JSA
HIRA
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JSA
 HIRA is to analyze the business risks that
are associated with certain activity and
suggests measure to make the activity
intrinsically safe.
 JSA is conducted to carry out activity with
minimum risk.
 HIRA is carried out at the beginning of a
process and project or major change in the
process or defined timelines.
 JSA is carried out every time the task is
performed on ground.
 HIR is carried out by Subject Matter Expert.
 JSA is carried out by executing team.
 HIRA is a quantitative analysis.
 JSA is a qualitative analysis.
 Output of HIRA process is risk register for
the organization/ business department.
 For JSA risk register is an input to decide
where JSA should b carried out.
When to carry out HIRA?
• When New job, task, chemical, and/or machine has been
introduced
• Existing task has been changed significantly
• Significant Changes in technology
• Existing procedures are not adequate/ non existing
• Before start-up of work after a major incident or injury
has occurred
• Change in specific Regulatory or Renew HSE Standards
• Any unforeseen external risks as perceived
• Latest two years after the last review
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Benefits of HIRA
• Eliminate most serious hazards
• Involves teams from all levels in organization
• Improve awareness of hazards and/or identify new ones.
• Ensure that the correct “control measures” are in place and
reflected in proper job procedures
• Continuously improve Safety Management systems and
conditions of work
• Reduce Safety incidents
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Benefits of HIRA
• Eliminate most serious hazards
• Involves teams from all levels in organization
• Improve awareness of hazards and/or identify new ones.
• Ensure that the correct “control measures” are in place and
reflected in proper job procedures
• Continuously improve Safety Management systems and
conditions of work
• Reduce Safety incidents
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Responsibilities
Employee/Work
Team
10
Site Incharge/
Project Lead
Functional
Business
/Cluster Head
or Manager
HSE / Process
Experts (e.g.
Electrical
Safety
Task and Sub-Task Description
R
A
I
I
Identification of people exposed
R
A
I
I
Identification of hazards
R
A
I
C
Assessment of actual risk
C
A/R
I
C
Assigning priorities to the control
measures
Description of control measures
I
A/R
I
C
R
A
C
C/R
Assessment of the residual risk
C
A/R
I
C/R
R- Responsible
A- Accountable;
C- Consulted
I- Informed:
HIRA’s Methodology
Fine-Kinney Method
• The "Mathematical Evaluations for Controlling Hazards" method developed by W. T.
Fine has been revised by Kinney and Wiruth in 1976 and updated with the name
"Practical Risk Analysis for Safety Management". This method is now known and
applied as the Fine-Kinney method.
• The Fine–Kinney method is a comprehensive method for quantitative evaluations to aid
in controlling hazards.
• In this risk assessment method, the risk value is calculated by considering the
parameters of the exposure or frequency of occurrence of a hazard event that could
lead to an incident (E), the consequence of an incident (S) and the probability of a
hazardous event (P).
Risk Score = Exposure X Severity X Probability
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Sequential Steps to Conduct HIRA
The HIRA is based on the following 7 steps:
 Step 1: description of tasks and subtasks
 Step 2: identification of people exposed
 Step 3: identification of hazards
 Step 4: assessment of the actual risk (Kinney & Fine method)
 Step 5: assigning priorities and responsibilities to the control
measures
 Step 6: description of the control measures
 Step 7: assessment of the residual risk (Kinney & Fine method)
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Flow Chart to Conduct HIRA
Description of tasks and subtasks Identify task and sub-tasks
Identification of people exposed
Identification of Hazards
Assess and calculate Actual risk
Assigning priorities and responsibilities
to the control measures
Define control measure(s) to mitigate risk
No
Calculate Residual Risk
Acceptable?
Document and file risk analysis
13
Note:
Include standard and
additional measures.
Always take preventive
hierarchy into account
Step 1: Task and Sub-Task Description
Description of tasks and subtasks Identify task and subtasks
Identification of people exposed
Identification of Hazards
Assess and calculate Actual risk
Assigning priorities and responsibilities
to the control measures
Define control measure(s) to
mitigate risk
N
o
Calculate Residual Risk
Acceptabl
e?
Document and file risk analysis
14
 The Main activity and the sub-activities
associated with the main activity are listed for
which risk is required to be Assessed.
Step 2: Identification of People Exposed
Description of tasks and subtasks Identify task and subtasks
Identification of people exposed
Identification of Hazards
Assess and calculate Actual risk
Assigning priorities and responsibilities
to the control measures
Define control measure(s) to
mitigate risk
N
o
Calculate Residual Risk
Acceptabl
e?
Document and file risk analysis
15
 This information is required to identify if the
exposure of hazards is limited to point of activity
or other contractual employees/people working
nearby or community is also affected.
Walkthrough
• In our standard we have consolidated Step 1 and Step 2
of HIRA process and named it as Walkthrough Format.
• This has be done for our convenience to document the
information
in
one
format
“Walkthrough” in Annexure – 1).
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(See
sheet
named
Walkthrough Format
Business Name
Sub-tasks – duration (per day)
Frequency
Location
Safety procedure – Standard operating procedure
Used equipment – tools:
Materials – objects that are being used (mass, shape, distances):
Used processes (air, electricity, water, nitrogen…)
Used substances, chemicals (MSDS)
XYZ standard or national legislation
Checks
Emergency measures
Identification of people exposed
Person executing the task
Other people involved
Persons who run a higher risk
(Handicap – age – pregnant/young mother – space without or with inadequate
ventilation – maintenance personnel – bad health – medication)
Competency of the person executing the task
(Training – experience)
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Step 3 – Identification of Hazards
Description of tasks and subtasks Identify task and subtasks
Identify Hazards in the task with respect to
Identification of people exposed
Identification of Hazards
Assess and calculate Actual risk
Assigning priorities and responsibilities
to the control measures
Define control measure(s) to
mitigate risk
N
o
Calculate Residual Risk
Acceptabl
e?
Document and file risk analysis
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See Annexure – 2 for List of Hazards
Physical Hazards
Electrical,
Radiation,
Sound, vibration,
Mechanical/machines,
Falling (objects & people)
Fire
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Chemical Hazards
Liquids, Gasses, Solids
Enter the body by means of :
Swallowing (mouth)
Absorbtion (skin)
Inhaling (nose)
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Chemical Hazards
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Explosive
Irritation
Oxidation
Sensitivity
Flammable
Cancer causing
Poisonous
Mutation
Chemical burning
Reproductive
Ergonomic Hazard
Back injury
Hand, wrist, arm, neck stress as a result of
computer use
Uncomfortable positions which cause stress
to the muscles
Injury due to over exersion
Muscle tearing
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Biological Hazards
Hepatitis,
Hiv-infected
Iegionnaires disease
This is a highly specialized area, where health care
professionals should be consulted
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Environmental Hazards
- Emissions
- Spills
- Products that pollute
the earth
- Ground water
- Wastes
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Step 3 – Identification of Hazards
List of Hazards
1 PHYSICAL HAZARDS
2 CHEMICAL HAZARDS: dust,
gasses, vapors, solids, liquid
1.1 electrical: tools, machines,
cables
2.1 explosive
1.2 radiation:
2.2 oxidative – flammable
1.3 vibrations: hand, arm or body
2.3 toxic
vibrations
1.4 mechanical: bumping,
squeezing, cutting, pricking,
chafing
2.4 corrosive – caustic
1.5 Slip / Trip
2.5 irritating
1.6 falling down from a scaffold,
platform or ladder / fall of
2.6 carcinogenic
material
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1.7 temperature: contact with
extremely warm or cold objects
2.7 mutagenic (effecting the
genetic material)
1.8 pinch point /sharp edge
2.8 nitrogen
3 ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
4 BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
5 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
5.1 work → environment. :
3.1 lifting (> 25 kg), carrying (> 15 4.1 direct contact with bodily fluids
Emissions: fumes, dust, vapors
kg) or pushing/pulling heavy loads (blood, defecation, …)
and gasses
3.2 posture during working:
4.2 presence of water drops –
bending forward or backward,
water vapor (sprinklers, air5.2 spill
twisted trunk – standing upright for conditioning systems, higha long period of time
pressure cleaners)
3.3 movements with arms above 4.3 working in sewers, stagnant
5.3 discharging waste water and
one’s head or arms stretched
waters, brooks (presence of rats) contaminating groundwater
3.4 extremely stretched or bended
wrist – high pinching force with
5.4 dumping waste
hands – grabbing or holding with
the fingertips
3.5 insufficient room to move or
5.5 noise pollution
objects difficult to reach
5.6 thunder storm sand storm, rain
3.6 repetitive work with arms or
, lighting , high wind velocity, high
legs – operating a pedal
temperature, land slide, flood and
flash flood
3.7 control buttons, switches and
5.6 environment. → Work:
ice
labels are installed logically and
or snow on roads or footpaths
are clearly visible
5.7 poor visibility
5.8 instability, due to wind, of
cranes, platforms, scaffolds or
rotor blades
5.9 insufficient lighting
5.10 reflections or blinding
Step 4 – Assess and calculate Actual Risk
Description of tasks and subtasks Identify task and subtasks
Identification of people exposed
Identification of Hazards
Assess and calculate Actual risk
Assigning priorities and responsibilities
to the control measures
Define control measure(s) to
mitigate risk
N
o
Calculate Residual Risk
Assess the actual risk using Kinney & Fine method, considering no
control measures in place (Annexure - 1). This assessment would
indicate the actual level of risk, that we want to manage via all our
procedures, rules or other controls …
Results of identification and assessment of risks would indicate
risk score:
Risk Score = Exposure X Severity X Probability
R=EXSXP
Acceptabl
e?
Document and file risk analysis
26
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Step 4 – Assess and calculate Actual Risk
HAZARD = Exposure x Severity
RISK = Exposure x Severity x Probability
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Step 4 – Assess and calculate Actual Risk
Example of Hazards & Risks
Task = changing rotary cutter
Hazard = sharp edges of cutter blades
Risk = cut by the blades
Task = MCC switching
Hazard = arch flash
Risk = burn by arc flash
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Step 4 – Assess and calculate Actual Risk
Hazard
A condition or a set of circumstances that are present and
have a potential to cause harm
Risk
Risk is the likelihood that a person may be harmed or suffers
adverse health effects if exposed to a hazard.
Example: Unsafe Act and Unsafe Condition
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Step 4 – Assess and calculate Actual Risk
Risk Score = Exposure X Severity X Probability
Exposure
 The frequency of exposure indicates how often a dangerous situation can
arise. It could be an exposure to a toxic chemical or working and handling
of a dangerous machine.
EXPOSURE
Very Rarely (less than one per year)
Rarely (few times per year)
Sometimes (1-2 times per month)
FACTOR
0.5
1
2
Now and then (one per week)
3
Frequently (daily)
6
Continuous (more than two times per day)
10
For example, lifting a load of more than 25 kg might not be very risky if done once, but multiply this activity by numerous people
making several lifts per day and you get a different perspective on risk.
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Step 4 – Assess and calculate Actual Risk
Risk Score = Exposure X Severity X Probability
Severity
The apparent effect indicates the seriousness of the arising situation.
SEVERITY (*)
FACTO
R
Low: Minor Injury
1
Minor: Injury which requires medical attention / 1-3 day loss 4
time
Medium: Potentially life threatening Injury causing temporary 7
disability
Major: Life threatening injury or causing permanent disability 15
Critical: Fatality or multiple fatalities, or multiple life 40
threatening injuries causing permanent disabilities
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Step 4 – Assess and calculate Actual Risk
Risk Score = Exposure X Severity X Probability
Probability
The probability indicates how big the chances are that the effect might
indeed occur. This is a subjective judgment, the most difficult assessment to
make.
PROBABILITY(1)
FACTOR(2)
Virtually impossible (>20y, once in a life time, only 0.2
theoretical case)
Conceivable but improbable (once in a career (1/20y)
0.5
Improbable/borderline case, (1/10y)
1
Unusual (one can think of a (unusual) scenario (1/3y)
3
Possible (once every 6 months)
6
To be expected (once per week)
10
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1.
(1) For the actual Risk, don’t take the effect of PPE, SOPs and technical precautions (engineering control) into account.
For the Actual – Risk, take the effect of PPE, SOPs and technical precautions into account.
2.
(2) As a guideline, if you can think of a scenario, were the considered effect will occur once in 3 years, the probability
factor typically equals 3.
Step 5 – Assigning Priorities and Responsibilities to the
Control Measures
Description of tasks and subtasks Identify task and subtasks
Identification of people exposed
• Having identified the risk score, the priority of
measures to be taken is established as well.
Identification of Hazards
Assess and calculate Actual risk
Assigning priorities and responsibilities
to the control measures
Define control measure(s) to
mitigate risk
N
o
Calculate Residual Risk
Acceptabl
e?
Document and file risk analysis
33
• Priority means work must be stopped and immediate
action is required.
• The risk assessment needs to be documented and
should be kept readily available for employees which
are affected by the analyzed task.
Step 5 – Assigning Priorities and Responsibilities to the
Control Measures
Risk Score Interpretation- Classify into Risk Category
By calculating the hazard score it is then possible to classify it into the
correct risk score category and thereby determining which possible
urgent plan of action is to be taken.
Risk Score = Exposure X Severity X Probability
Risk Score
Interpretation(1)
(R)
<20
Very
limited
risk
acceptable
20-70
Measures required (in 6
months)
70-200
Immediate
measures
required
>200
Stop work until measures
are taken
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Priority for the measures to be
taken
4
3
2
1
Step 6 – Define of the measure(s) to mitigate risk
Description of tasks and subtasks Identify task and subtasks
Identification of people exposed
Identification of Hazards
Assess and calculate Actual risk
Assigning priorities and responsibilities
to the control measures
Define control measure(s) to
mitigate risk
N
o
Calculate Residual Risk
Acceptabl
e?
Document and file risk analysis
35
To eliminate or minimize the risk, measures are proposed that
should be implemented in an action-plan or job-plan. Both
routine and none-routine measures need to be listed.
When defining these measures, the prevention hierarchy needs
to be taken into account. First try to eliminate the risk. Highest
priority is given to elimination.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Elimination: Eliminate Risk
Substitution: Reduce Risk at source or remove source
Engineering Control: Take corrective actions
Administrative Control: Training + procedures + instructions
PPE: Make people wear PPE
Step 6 – Define of the measure(s) to mitigate risk
Hierarchy of Control is to be used as a measure to mitigate risk
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Step 6 – Define of the measure(s) to mitigate risk
 Elimination
 Substitution
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Step 6 – Define of the measure(s) to mitigate risk
 Engineering control
 Administration Controls
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Step 6 – Define of the measure(s) to mitigate risk
 PPE
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Step 6 – Define of the measure(s) to mitigate risk
Some Examples of
Existing Control Measures
•
•
•
•
•
•
40
Safety Interlocks
Machine guarding
Special tools and equipment
Wearing PPE
Permit-to-work
Job instruction
Step 7 – Calculate Residual Risk
Description of tasks and subtasks Identify task and subtasks
Identification of people exposed
Identification of Hazards
Assess and calculate Actual risk
Assigning priorities and responsibilities
to the control measures
Define control measure(s) to
mitigate risk
N
o
Calculate Residual Risk
Acceptabl
e?
Document and file risk analysis
41
• Assessment of the residual risk is carried out by using Kinney
& Fine method (See sheet named “HIRA” in Annexure – 1).
• The outcome of the risk assessment determines the measures
to be implemented.
• Additional measures to be implemented in case where residual
risk is not in the zone of acceptable even after implementation
of actual measures
Step 7 – Calculate Residual Risk “HIRA Format”
Name of the Main Activity: Rotor Dismantling Instruction
Names of people performing HIRA : XYZ, ABC
Business : Wind Asset Management
Site Name: XXXX
Exposure
Very Rarely (less than one per year)
Rarely (few times per year)
Factor
Severity(*)
0.5
Factor
Low: Minor Injury
1
Minor: Injury which requires medical attention / 1-3 day loss time
4
Medium: P otentially life threatening Injury causing temporary
7
1
Sometimes (1-2 times per month)
2
Now and then (one per week)
3
Frequently (daily)
6
Continuous (more than two times per day)
10
Factor
Conceivable but improbable (once in a career (1/20y)
0.5
<20
Improbable/borderline case, (1/10y)
1
Unusual (one can think of a (unusual) scenario (1/3y)
3
Critical: Fatality or multiple fatalities, or multiple life threatening
40
To be expected (once per week)
10
Mitigating Control Measures
S
P
40
6
Actual Risk
(E*S*P)
Priority
240
1
Elimination Substitution Engineering Administrat
ive
1.Applying
Rotor Lock
2.Close the
hatch of
nacelle door.
1.Working
under
extream
weather
condition is
not allowed.
2.Acess to
the roof is
not allowed
without
proper fall
arrest
equipment
By Whom
Priority f or the
measures
Very limited risk - acceptable
4
20-70
Measures required (in 6m)
3
70-200
Immediate measures required
2
>200
Stop work until measures are
1
Responsibility
PPE
Interpretation (1)
Risk Score (R)
0.2
6
E
(2)
Virtually impossible (>20y, once in a life time, only theoretical
P ossible (once every 6 months)
People at Risk
Working on the
Risk of falling to the Contract Employee 1
nacelle roof and the ground, while
(Maintenance
hub.
working on the
Engineer)
nacelle roof and
hub
Probability
15
Actual Risk Evaluation
Hazards / Risk
Reviewed By: XXX
Approved By: XXX
Approved On: XXX
Major: Life threatening injury or causing permanent disability)
Sub Activity
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Site / Project Head : XXX
State Name : XXX
Date : XXXX
By When
1. Always Site In-chargeImmediately
wear
personal fall
protection
equipment
with two
lanyards
and at least
one of the
lanyards to
be attached
with
approved
anchorage
point.
Residual Risk Factor After
Mitigation
E
S
P
Residual
Risk
Score
1
15
1
15
Remarks
Recording of Initial and Actual Risk
Activity/Task:
Cutting of wrapped fiber from the roller of draw machine
in PSF plant.
Sub-activities/tasks: 1) Observation of fiber wrap on the roller
2) Approaching the roller to cut and remove the fiber wrap.
3) Cutting of fiber wrap using the sharp knife
4) Removal of cut portion of fiber from roller and putting it
into waste box.
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Exercise
44
Exercise : fix the tires of your bike
fixing of tires
remove tire
45
look for leak
fix leak
replace tire
refill tire with air
EXAMPLE OF TASK BREAKDOWN INTO STEPS -planting a tree
(a) An appropriate level of detail
1. Select the site.
2. Bring tools, equipment, and the tree to the site.
3. Dig the hole.
4. Prepare the hole.
5. Put the tree into the hole.
6. Back fill, tamp, and water.
7. Brace the tree.
8. Clean up and return the equipment.
(b) A breakdown that is too detailed
1. Pick up the shovel
2. Position the shovel so that it points down.
3. Place the right foot on the top edge of the shovel blade.
4. Press the shovel into the ground with the right foot.
5. Tilt the shovel handle backward and down to pick up the soil.
and so on, and on, and on.
(c) A breakdown that is too general
1. Dig the hole.
2. Plant the tree.
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Example 1: Electrical cabinet
Evaluate need for control measures for electrical work in an
MCC. The Risk is “ burn by electrical arc”.
Initial Risk
E=1
S = 15
P=3
R = 45
Measures
full PPE
electrical work
permit
Actual Risk 1
E=1
S=7
P=3
R = 21
Additional Measures (since R>20)
Trained standby-man AND update current limiting fuse.
Actual Risk 2
E=1
S=4
P=3
R = 12 (acceptable situation)
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Example 2: Cutting straps on bags
Try to evaluate the risk of hand injury when
cutting sharps on bags.
The Knives
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48
Example 2: Cutting straps on bags
Risk is to cut fingers/hand/body parts
Evaluation: If one uses the knife with wooden handle and leather gloves,
what is the risk to cut yourself and how would you improve the situation
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Example 2: Cutting straps on bags
Initial Risk
Initial
Risk
E = 10
S=7
P=6
R = 420
Measures 1
Kevlar® gloves
Safety knife with spring loaded retractable blade
Procedure: Cut away from body
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Example 2: Cutting straps on bags
Actual Situation
Actual Risk 1
E = 10
S=1
P=3
R = 30
Measures 2
Kevlar® gloves
Side Cutter
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Example 2: Cutting straps on bags
End Result
Actual Risk 2
E = 10
S=1
P=1
R = 10
R < 20 AND S < 4 ……… This is an acceptable situation
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Pit-falls
Kinney and Fine method is to try to evaluate whether there is a risk, or no
risk
Always do it in group.
– Group results are more stable than results of individuals.
Even if R<20, we can still decide whether to take measures based on
common sense.
Conducting a risk assessment to try to justify a decision that already has
been taken.
Conducting a quantified risk assessment without considering available
relevant good practices
Fail to identify all hazards associated with the activities
Fail to fully & truly consider all potential outcomes
Do not link hazards to risk controls.
Not familiar with the situation in the field
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THANK YOU
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