Green Technology
- KR’s Efforts and Trend of International Standardization
October 2011
Mann-eung, Kim
Korean Register, Green & Industrial Technology Center
Contents
General
New and Renewable Energy
Green Ship and Shipping
Conclusion
Contents
General
New and Renewable Energy
Green Ship and Shipping
Conclusion
General
Climate Change
Average Temp.
CO2 Emission
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General
Energy Crisis
Facts on Energy
§ Expand of fossil fuel supply : 0.1 bil. barrel/day
§ Expected peak of crude oil production : 2020
§ Total energy demand : 2 times at 2030
§ Rapid increase of energy demand : China, India
Expected oil demand(20072030)
Cost of oil
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General
Korean Register of Shipping
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General
Business Area of Green and Industrial Technology Center
Green Standard
New & Renewable
Energy
Green Ship
GHG Reduction
Plants
Main Business and Action Plan
Green Standards
§ International Activity in IMO,
IEC, ISO etc
§ International Cooperation
Verification & Certification Leading Green Technology
§ Green Ship Certification
§ Wind Turbine, Ocean
Energy, FC Certification
§ Plant Certification and
Verification
§ CDM Verification and
Certification
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Technical Support
§ Essential Technology
Development
§ Strategic and Technical
Advise to Government
§ Improvement Technology
for Energy Efficiency
§ Education
§ Technology for GHG
Reduction
§ Technical support as
Coordinator
Contents
General
New and Renewable Energy
Green Ship and Shipping
Conclusion
Wind Turbine Technology
Wind Turbine Technology
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Wind Turbine Technology
Evolution of Commercial Wind Technology
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Wind Turbine Technology
Supply Chains
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Wind Turbine Technology
International Standardization
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Wind Turbine Technology
International Standardization
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Wind Turbine Technology
International Standardization
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Wind Turbine Technology
Wind Turbine Certification
Components Certification
Prototype certification
Type Certification
Project Certification
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Wind Turbine Technology
Wind Turbine Technology
Green Standards
• IEC TC88 and WG/PT participation
• Project leader to make technical standard for FOWT
• International cooperation with Asia-Pacific countries
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Green Technology
Wind Turbine Technology
Offshore Wind Farm Project
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Ocean Energy Technology
Ocean Energy Technology
Tidal Barrage System
Tidal Current System
Tidal power, also called tidal energy, is a
form of hydropower that converts the
energy of tides into useful forms of power mainly electricity.
An ocean current is a continuous, directed
movement of ocean water generated by the
forces acting upon this mean flow.
OTEC
Salinity Gradient System
Ocean thermal energy conversion uses the
difference between cooler deep and warmer
shallow or surface ocean waters to run a
heat engine and produce useful work,
usually in the form of electricity.
Salinity gradient power is the energy
available from the difference in the salt
concentration between seawater and
river water.
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Wave System
Wave power is the transport of energy by
ocean surface waves, and the capture of
that energy to do useful work.
Offshore Wind Turbine
Offshore wind power refers to the
construction of wind farm in bodies of
water to generate electricity from wind.
Better wind speeds are available offshore
compared to on land,
Ocean Energy Technology
Ocean Energy Technology
Green Standards
• IEC/TC114
•
•
•
•
Meeting
1st meeting : Canada, 2008-05
2nd meeting : Korea, 2009-05
3rd meeting : UK, 2010-05
4th meeting : USA, 2011-05
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Green Technology
Ocean Energy Technology
Developing Status
IEC TC 114
1 : General
100 : Wave
200 : Tidal
62600-1
62600-100
62600-200
Terminology
Performance Assessment
Performance Assessment
62600-2
62600-101
Design Requirement
Resource Assessment
62600-10
Evaluation & Testing
Mooring
of WECs
Ad hoc Group
(Power Quality, Certification)
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62600-201
Resource Assessment
300 : + Series
OTEC
Ocean Energy Technology
Developing Master Plan
Resource Assessment
• Resource Assessment
• Environmental Assessment
Development
• System
• Major Components
• Mooring and etc
Infrastructure
• Transportation and Installation
• O&M Technology
• Surveillance
Marketing
• Certification System
• Test Site
• Pilot Plant
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Contents
General
New and Renewable Energy
Green Ship and Shipping
Conclusion
Shipbuilding and Shipping Standards
IMO(International Maritime Organization)
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Green Ship
Turning Point of Shipbuilding and Shipping Industry
Building Cost
Maritime
Economic Issue
Maintenance Cost
Shipbuilding
Green ship
technology?
YES
Winner
Safety Issue
Equip.
Supplier
Environmental
Issue
NO
Zero Emission
Loser
Economic
matters
Environmental
matters
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Green Ship
Emission Reduction from ship
Eco-friendly Technology to reduce emission from ship
Technology
Target
Remarks
High efficiency Engine
CO2 Reduction
Limits of technology
CCS
(Carbon Capture and Storage)
SCR
CO2 Reduction
CO2 storage and disposal problem
: $500/kW cost up
NOx Reduction
Redesign the system, additional devices and
process is required (Eff.>5%)
NOx Reduction
Redesign the system, additional devices and
process is required (Eff.>5%)
Solar
Energy Saving
The days of operation
Wind
Energy Saving
The days of operation
Fuel Cell
Alt. Power
Lifetime and cost
(Selective Catalytic Reduction)
EGR
(Exhaust Gas Recirculation)
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Global Standards – Green Ship
Summary of IMO GHG Convention
Technical
Operational
Market-based
Measures
EEDI
(Energy Efficiency Design Index)
EEOI/SEEMP
(Energy Efficiency Operational
Indicator)
(Ship Energy Efficiency
Management Plan)
MBM (GHG Fund, ETS)
Application
New Ships
New/Existing Ships
New/Existing Ships
Legislative
framework
Amendments
of MARPOL Annex VI
Amendments
of MARPOL Annex VI
Stand-alone
Convention
Technologies
To be
developed
• Future’s propulsion power
system(fuel cell, wind power, etc)
• Improvement of propulsion
efficiency(pre-swirl stator,
thruster fin, etc)
• Technology for reduction of
friction(air lubrication, coating,
etc)
• CO2 capture and storage
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• Best practices
Establishment of the
legislative regime
• ETS
• GHG Fund
• Hybrid Mechanism
Global Standards – Green Ship
Reduction Rate
Ship Type
Size
20,000 DWT and above
Bulk Carrier
10,000 ~ 20,000 DWT
10,000 DWT and above
Gas Tanker
2,000 ~ 10,000 DWT
20,000 DWT and above
Tanker
4,000 ~ 20,000 DWT
15,000 DWT and above
Container Ship
10,000 ~ 15,000 DWT
15,000 DWT and above
General Cargo Ship
3,000 ~ 15,000 DWT
5,000 DWT and above
Refrigerated Cargo Ship
3,000 ~ 5,000 DWT
20,000 DWT and above
Combination Carrier
4,000 ~ 20,000 DWT
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Phase 0
[1 Jan 2013 ~
31 DEC 2014]
Phase 1
[1 Jan 2015 ~
31 DEC 2019]
Phase 2
[1 Jan 2020 ~
31 DEC 2024]
Phase 3
[1 Jan 2025
onwards]
0
10
20
30
n/a
0 ~ 10*
0 ~ 10*
0 ~ 10*
0
10
20
30
n/a
0 ~ 10*
0 ~ 10*
0 ~ 10*
0
10
20
30
n/a
0 ~ 10*
0 ~ 10*
0 ~ 10*
0
10
20
30
n/a
0 ~ 10*
0 ~ 10*
0 ~ 10*
0
10
15
30
n/a
0 ~ 10*
0 ~ 15*
0 ~ 10*
0
10
15
30
n/a
0 ~ 10*
0 ~ 15*
0 ~ 10*
0
10
20
30
n/a
0 ~ 10*
0 ~ 10*
0 ~ 10*
Global Standards – Green Ship
Phase 1
Phase 2
Technology Improvement
Adoption of New Technology
Phase 0
GHG Reduction
Phase 3
GHG Reduction Target
Baseline
Stage 1
Stage 2
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Stage 3
Stage 4
Green Technology – Green Ship
Wind Power
VOC Recovery
Propulsion Efficiency
Heat Recovery
CO2 Capture
De-NOx, De-SOx
PM Reduction
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Solar Power
Green Technology – SVRU
VOC Recovery
Source of VOC
from Ships
VOC Generation Ratio:
VOC Generation Ratio:
0.105 % of Loaded Cargo(mass)
0.041% of Loaded Cargo(mass)
(Source: IMO GHG Study 2009, 3.46)
(Source: IMO GHG Study 2009, 3.46)
MARPOL Annex VI, Reg.15
Onboard VOC Recovery Unit is required
to reduce actual VOC from ships to
comply with the purpose of requirement
of Reg.15 of Annex VI to MARPOL
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Green Technology – SVRU
VOC Recovery
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Green Technology – Green Ship
Waste Heat Recovery – ORC
l
Experiment Facility & Prototype
•
Experiment facility with 30 ~ 50 kW will be built-up until 2012 to develop safety & functional
requirements for ORC system
•
Prototype ORC System (abt. 250 kW) will be developed until 2013
•
Basic & detail design of full sacle ORC system (abt. 1 MW) will be developed until 2015
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Green Ship
Electric Propulsion System
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Green Technology – Green Ship
Control and Management of Hybrid Power System
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Green Technology – Green Ship
Application of Renewable Energy Technology
Name
E-Ship 1
Owner
Enercon
Builder
Cassens Werft in Emden, GER
Class /type
Ice class E3
Tonnage
10,500 DWT
Length
130 m
Propulsion
3.5 MW diesel engines (2x)
Flettner Rotors (4x)
Propellers (2x)
17.5 knots (Max)
Speed
Type
Rigid Sail
Average annual fuel costs
10 ~ 30 %
(Sky sails)
GT
50,000
Optimal wind condition
up to 50 %
(Sky sails)
Fuel Reduction
27%~50%
Delft University of Technology
32 ~ 50 %
Ship speed 15 knots
Rotor
Wing
Kite
Total cost (year 2008) [$]
91,000
85,000
1,596,000
Savings/year (oil price 200$/tonne) [$]
53,000
42,000
48,000
1.7
2.0
33
80,000
63,000
72,000
1.1
1.3
22
Return on investment [years]
Savings/year (oil price 300$/tonne) [$]
Return on investment [years]
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Green Technology – Green Ship
Fuel Cell Application as Power Source
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Green Technology – Green Ship
Fuel Cell Application as Power Source
l Fuel Cell System Performance test for Marine Conditions
• Load following Characteristic test
Power
Set
Response
Time
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Green Technology – Green Ship
Next Generation Ship
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Green Technology – Green Ship
Next Generation Ship
Company
GHG Target
Hanjin Shipping
15% CO2/teu∙km reduction of owned and chartered container ships by 2015 compared to 2008 (83.4 CO2 g/teu-km (2008) ->
71 CO2 g/teu-km (2015) )
NYK
10% below 2006 levels by 2013
A.P. Moller –
Maersk Group
20% reduction for 2007-2017
CMA-CGM
Others
(Company Policy)
1. An electronic injection system for the engine: fuel (-3% on average) and oil (-25%)
2. New Technology
- Optimized hull design, twisted edge rudder, Pre-Swirl Stator ®, AMP (Alternative Marine Power), low sulphur fuel
NOL(APL) : Sound environmental stewardship
COSCO Group: Environmental protection policies
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Contents
General
New and Renewable Energy
Green Ship and Shipping
Conclusion
Conclusion
Korea’s Future
l
l
l
Paradigm Shift
•
More opportunity in the developing countries than the developed countries
•
Unseen war for energy security, resource security and environment protection
Window of enlarging opportunity
•
Good results are not proportional of number of scientists.
•
Free mind has better creativity.
•
Engineering must support the industry.
Globalization
•
Be international experts
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