8
ECOEAPVCU
ECOEAP
VCU EKH\A
5
PTAJQOVHU LTAEQAOVAU
<
EHKAOVHIGAOVC
80
PTCJTHIH
PTCJTHI
H FA MGPATVT
MGPATVTCLGH
CLGH GOVATIAFGC
47
HBQUVA FA \HTGHDKAU
58
HKGIAOVHEGÕO
51
JKCUHTGC FA ABATEGEGCU
67
VTHDHBC
VTHDHB
C FA HDFCIGOHKA
HDFCIGOHKAUU
16
4
Ao asta hphrthfc varaics kcs ecoeaptcs ekhva qua fadas ecocear phrh kkavhr h ehdc eco
e co çxgtc kh
prasaota prcjrhihegõo fa mgpartrclgh.
8. TGT c TAPAVGEGCOAU AO TAEÈIHTH.
Khs rapatgegcoas ao raeèihrh mheao ralaraoegh h hquakkhs rapatgegcoas qua pcfréhs rahkgzhr mhsth
kkajhr hk lhkkc iuseukhr (oc pcfar kavhothr kh ehrjh
ehrj h pcrqua tus iòseukcs lhkkho) uoh vaz tarigoas
tarig oas
kh sarga. Phrh qua kc aotgaofhs parlaethiaota pcojhics uo abaipkc, gihjgoaics qua astès
mhegaofc sargas fa lkaxgcoas fa paemc fa 80 lkaxgcoas, uo prgoegpghota
prgoegpg hota sajurhiaota mhjh khs 80
rapatgegcoas hk kéigta as faegr, oc sa faba ogojuoh rapatgegõo ao kh raeèihrh pcrqua oc pcfréh
rahkgzhr kh rapatgegõo oòiarc 88. Ao ehidgc, uoh parscoh gotariafgh
g otariafgh qua euhofc tarigoh khs 80
lkaxgcoas tgaoa kh saoshegõo fa pcfar mhdar maemc mhsth 81 rapatgegcoas sa mhdrè fabhfc 1
rapatgegcoas ao kh raeèihrh, as faegr, pcfréh mhdar rahkgzhfc sckc 1 rapatgegcoas hfaiès fa khs
80 mhsth kkajhr hk lhkkc iuseukhr.
Ao khs prcjrhihegcoas varès gofgehfhs khs rapatgegcoas ao raeèihrh ecic ‛TGT’, euhofc vahs 8
x 80 TGT5 sgjoglgeh qua tgaoas qua mhear uoh sarga fa 80 rapatgegcoas eco uo pasc eco ak qua sckc
puafhs mhear 85 rapatgegcoas, as faegr, fabhrta 5 rapatgegcoas ao kh raeèihrh.
4. TPA c AUEHKH FA AULQATRC
AULQATRC PATEGDGFC.
Qtgkgzhraics kh asehkh fa asluarzc paregdgfc (TPA) phrh euhotglgehr kh gotaosgfhf fa ehfh sarga,
asth asehkh ecosth fa vhkcras fak 8 ― 80 fcofa ehfh vhkcr sa rakhegcoh eco uo asluarzc
fatarigohfc y ehfh asluarzc eco TGT (Tapatgegcoas ao raeèihrh)
TPA (\HKCT FA AULQATRC PATEGDGFC)
80
TAPAVGEGCOAU AO TAEÈIHTH (TGT)
Asluarzc ièxgic
(Oc pcfréh mhear iès rapatgegcoas og pcoar iès pasc)
:
1-<
5-6
Oc pcfréh mhear iès rapatgegcoas
parc pcfréh pcoar uo pcec
pcec iès fa pas
pasc.
c.
Pcfréh mhear 8 rapatgegõo iès (TGT8).
Pcfréh mhear 8 ― 4 rapatgegcoas iès (TGT8-4).
Pcfréh mhear 4 rapatgegcoas iès (TGT4).
Pcfréh mhear 4 ― 5 rapatgegcoas iès (TGT45).
Pcfréh mhear 5 rapatgegcoas iès.
Pcfréh mhear 6-< rapatgegcoas iès (TGT6-<)
Asluarzc iuy suhva
8-4
Hpaohs ia supcoa asluarzc.
7,1
7
=,1
=
:,1
5
Vhdkh 8. Takhegõo aotra TPA y TGT
5. VAIPC.
Ak taipc mhea ralaraoegh hk rgtic fa ehfh kavhothigaotc y ak tgaipc qua vhics h phshr ao ehfh
lhsa fa kh rapatgegõo.
Fa asth ihoarh pcfaics ecotrckhr ak tgpc fa lhtgjh qua vhics h jaoarhr ao ouastrc crj
crjhogsic
hogsic
y ecosajugr ihxgigzhr khs jhohoeghs fa ihsh iuseukhr.
Pcojhics ak abaipkc fak eurk fa déeaps, h kc khrjc fa uoh sarga, ao ehfh rapatgegõo vhics h
rahkgzhr kc sgjugaota2
8. Lhsa axeçotrgeh (prgiar oòiarc). Dhbhics ao 4’
4. Puotc fa ièxgic akcojhigaotc iuseukhr (sajuofc oòiarc). Ocs ihotaoaics 8’ hdhbc fak
tcfc sgo icvar kh ehrjh.
5. Lhsa ecoeçotrgeh (tarear oòiarc). Uudgics ao 4’
6. Puotc fa ièxgic hecrthigaotc iuseukhr (euhrtc oòiarc). Ocs ihotaoaics 4’ hrrgdh fak
tcfc hprathofc ak iòseukc.
Lgjurh 8. Vaipc furhota uoh rapatgegõo fa eurk fa déeaps.
6
6. THOJC FA IC\GIGAOVC c TCI.
Ak rhojc fa icvgigaotc as kh fgsthoegh y trhyaetcrgh qua raecrra kh
k h ehrjh fasfa ak puotc fa gogegc
mhsth ak puotc lgohk fak kavhothigaotc, ao hkjuocs abaregegcs pcfaics pafgrta qua rahkgeas
rapatgegcoas phreghkas ao uoh phrta fak rhojc fa icvgigaotc,
icvgi gaotc, pcr akkc, vhics h axpkgehrta eõic
fadaréhs rahkgzhrkc.
Phrh akkc vhics h pcoar ak abaipkc fa khs akavhegcoas khtarhkas, pcojhics qua vhs h rahkgzhr 6
sargas fa khs euhkas 5 sco eco TCI ecipkatc (gihjao gzfh) y kh òktgih eco TCI phreghk ao kh
sajuofh igthf fak TCI (gihjao femh)
Ao asta abaipkc, khs òktgihs rapatgegcoas khs mhraics tcihofc ecic puotc fa gogegc kh igthf
fak raecrrgfc, eco akkc ecosajugics jaoarhr uoh taosgõo ecosthota ao ehfh rapatgegõo.
Lgjurh 4. TCI ecipkatc y phreghk ao akavhegcoas khtarhkas.
1. 8TI.
1
Ak 8TI as ak pasc qua pcfaics kavhothr sckc uoh vaz, ao akkc ocs dhshraics phrh mhear kh
astgihegõo fak rhojc fa pasc ao ak qua fadaics asthr euhofc kavhotaics uoh ehrjh
fatarigohfh.
8. UAKAEEGÕO FA ABATEGEGCU
ABATEGEGCU22
- ³EÕIC UÇ XQÇ ABATEGEGC FADC TAHKGRHT PHTH EHFH PGKHT FA IC\GIGAOVC3
Phrh ehfh pgkhr fa icvgigaotc sa mho pkhotahfc vhrghs cpegcoas fa abaregegcs, sgigkhras ao
euhotc h iuseukhturh gipkgehfh y pgkhr fa icvgigaotc, phrh asecjar ak iabcr phrh tg fadas
sajugr asths phuths2
8. OC FADAU UAOVGT ICKAUVGHU OG FCKCT.
Ug euhofc rahkgzhs ak abaregegc ocths ickastghs c fckcr ao hkjuoh fa khs zcohs ecrpcrhkas
govckuerhfhs, asecja ctrh cpegõo y heufa h uo prclasgcohk phrh qua vhkcra tu tçeogeh c ta vhkcra.
4. FADAU UAOVGT HFAEQHFHIAOVA
HFAEQHFHIAOVA KH IQUEQKHVQTH
IQUEQKHVQTH GO\CKQETHFH.
Ouastrc cdbatgvc as kh mgpartrclgh, fadaics kcehkgzhr ak astéiukc ao kh iuseukhturh cdbatgvc kc
ièxgic pcsgdka, pcr akkc, asecja hquak abaregegc eco ak qua iabcr sgaoths ak iòseukc prgoegphk
(fadas octhr qua sa lhtgjh, oc qua fuaka).
5. FADAU VAOAT IHTJAO FA IABCTH.
Phrh jaoarhr ihsh iuseukhr fadaics asecjar uo abaregegc qua ocs parigth iabcrhr h kc khrjc
fak tgaipc, yh sah ao ngkcs kavhothfcs, ao sargas rahkgzhfhs
rahkg zhfhs c euhkqugar ctrc lhetcr, sg asecjas uo
abaregegc ao ak qua, h kc khrjc fa uo ias, uoh iabcrh sgjoglgehtgvh sckc sco 4,1 nj, sajurhiaota
khs jhohoeghs fa ihsh iuseukhr sarèo iaocras qua sg ao ctrc abaregegc puafas prcjrashr 80 nj.
4. ³XQÇ UGJOGLGEH X
XQA
QA FADC EQHOVGLGEHT
EQHOVGLGEHT UCKC TGT C 8TI3 ³EÕIC EQHOVGLGEHT
EQHOVGLGEHT
HFAEQHFHIAOVA3
Ao ehfh abaregegc sa gofgeh kh ihoarh fa euhotglgehrkc y sa hpkgeho fcs astrhtajghs ‛TGT’ c ‛8TI’
- TGT2 Ua hpkgehrè kh euhotglgehegõo iafghota ak asluarzc paregdgfc, phrh akkc, euhofc tarigoas
ehfh sarga fadas hohkgzhr tus saoshegcoas y astgihr euèoths rapatgegcoas iès pcfréhs mhear
rahkgzhfc mhsth ak lhkkc iuseukhr. Asta tgpc fa euhotglgehegõo sa hpkgehrè sgaipra h tcfcs kcs
abaregegcs, puastc qua fadaics taoar ao euaoth ouastrhs saoshegcoas gofapaofgaotaiaota fak
pasc kavhothfc parc puafa qua sah kh òogeh lcrih fa euhotglgehr phrh egartcs abaregegcs ecic
kcs rahkgzhfcs eco ak prcpgc pasc ecrpcrhk.
<
- 8TI2 Ao kcs abaregegcs ao kcs euhkas usaics uoh ehrjh axtaroh (dhrrh, pckah, ihoeuarohs…) y
taojhics ihoarh fa euhotglgehr kh ehrjh qua asthics kavhothofc, ushraics asth ihoarh fa
euhotglgehr parc ihotaogçofcocs ao uo rhojc fatarigohfc.
Phrh akkc, ehkeukhraics khs rapatgegcoas rahkgzhdkas, as faegr, kh suih aotra khs rahkgzhfhs
(hquakkhs qua mheaics faotrc fa kh sarga) y khs qua ocs fabhics ao kh raeèihrh (sg mheaics 80
rapatgegcoas ao kh sarga y ocs fabhics 5 rapatgegcoas hotas fak lhkkc, ak tcthk fa rapatgegcoas
rahkgzhdkas sco 85). Qoh vaz saphics khs rapatgegcoas rahkgzhdkas, sa htrgdugrè uo rhojc fa pasc
h icvar gofgehfc ecic ‛EHTJH IGO’ (ehrjh iéogih h kavhothr) y ‛EHTJH
‛EH TJH IH]’ (ehrjh i èxgih
qua vhics h kavhothr), as faegr, ak pasc qua kavhotaics ao ash sarga fada asthr aotra ak gofgehfc
g ofgehfc
ao kh iéogih ehrjh y kh ièxgih ehrjh astgihfh.
Asta tgpc fa astgihegcoas oc khs taofraics ao euaoth ao hkjuocs abaregegcs fcofa rahkgzhr uo
8TI ocs supcojh iès parbugegc qua daoalgegc ecic pcr abaipkc, eurk fa déeaps, ao akkcs sckc
euhotglgehraics iafghota TGT.
5. ³OC FAUEHOUC FAIHUGHFC3
Uajurhiaota kh prajuoth fadhics pkhotahrkh hk ravçs, ‛³oc asthréh fasehoshofc iuy pcec
hotas fa aipazhr asta prcjrhih fa ao traohigaotc3’. Fadaics aotaofar qua ak fasehosc as
uoh ihoarh fa ihoabhr kh lhtgjh, sg fasehoshics iuy pcec, khs sargas qua pcfaics heuiukhr
mhsth kkajhr hk astéiukc qua fadaics ecosajugr sarèo iaocras, ‛³parc asc oc as duaoc3’ , sé y
oc.
Ué as duaoc pcrqua oaeasgthics iaocs tgaipc phrh iabcrhr parc oc as duaoc pcrqua uoh
prcjrasgõo eco fasehoscs iuy ecrtcs tgaoa khs phths iuy ecrths y faotrc fa pcec oaeasgthrès
fasehoshr iès phrh pcfar sajugr iabcrhofc y oc asthoehrta.
Kc iabcr as qua mhjhs ehsc h tu euarpc y hohkgeas eõic raeuparhs ao kcs abaregegcs, kcs tgaipcs
fa fasehosc qua ta gofgehics sco fhtcs jaoarhkas fa kc qua oaeasgthrès fasehoshr
hprcxgihfhiaota phrh pcfar ihotaoar uo raofgigaotc hfaeuhfc ao kcs fglaraotas abaregegcs
parc sg aras uoh parscoh qua raeuparh aspaeghkiaota rèpgfc, puafas fgsigougr uo pcec ak
tgaipc fa fasehosc. Hotas fa mhear asc, ta raecigaofc qua pruadas uo phr fa saihohs eco khs
gofgehegcoas qua sa fho ao kh prcjrhihegõo, pcr axpargaoegh, sckaics paoshr qua fasehoshics
rahkiaota rèpgfc y ao rahkgfhf, puafa qua oaeasgtaics goekusc ak fcdka fa tgaipc govartgfc
phrh jhrhotgzhr uo hfaeuhfc fasehosc.
KHTJC
TJC FA KH PTCJTHIHEGÕO3
6. ³PQAFC EHIDGHT FA ABATEGEGC H KC KH
:
Ué parc oc ta raecigaofc qua mhjhs iès fa uo ehidgc pcr ehfh pgkhr fa icvgigaotc, fadas
taoar ao euaoth qua ehfh vaz qua ehidgas fa abaregegc oaeasgthrès uo tgaipc fa hfhpthegõo hk
igsic, fa ecjarka ak truec y rahkgzhr ecrraethiaota kh tçeogeh y ak phtrõo fa icvgigaotc.
Hfaiès, uo ouavc abaregegc supcoa uo ouavc astéiukc fak qua tu iuseukhturh sa fadarè
raeuparhr, pcr akkc, sg oc phrhs fa ehidghr fa abaregegcs tus iòseukcs asthrèo iès paofgaotas
fa raeuparhrsa fa fgemcs ehidgcs qua fa prcjrashr y eraear.
Ak iabcr aseaohrgc pcsgdka as qua asecbhs hquakkcs abaregegcs qua shdas qua ihoabhs
ecrraethiaota ao ehfh pgkhr fa icvgigaotc y kcs ihotaojhs mhsth tarigohr ak prcjrhih fa
aotraohigaotc.
1. ³OC UCO IQW PCEHU UATGAU3
Tahkiaota, sg rahkgzhics uo aotraohigaotc fa ehkgfhf y hpkgehofc kh gotaosgfhf TAHK phuthfh
phrh ehfh abaregegc, asth prcjrasgõo fa ehrjhs tgaoa kh ehotgfhf fa sargas sulgegaotas ecic phrh
erahr ihsh iuseukhr y parigtgrta prcjrashr ao iòseukc y luarzh.
Ocrihkiaota oc aotraohics eco kh gotaosgfhf hfaeuhfh y pcr akkc fadaics høhfgr iès sargas
fa khs oaeashrghs, as faegr, supkgics eco iès sargas kh lhkth fa gotaosgfhf ao ak aotraohigaotc.
<. ³PQAFC AOVTAOHT VCFCU KCU FÉHU UAJQGFCU3
Kc iabcr as qua oc aotraoas iès fa fcs féhs sajugfcs, hk sar uoh rutgoh tcrsc-pgaroh ao kh euhk
aotraohics fcs vaeas ak tcrsc y fcs vaeas kh pgaroh h kh saihoh, gotaothraics fabhr iéogic
:4m fa fasehosc aotra sasgcoas fa tcrsc y fa pgaroh.
Pcr akkc, sg aotraohics pgaroh ak kuoas, mhsth ak buavas sgjugaota oc aotraohraics pgaroh fa
ouavc.
Ug tuvgarhs qua aotraohr 5 õ 6 féhs sajugfcs uoh saihoh h kc
k c khrjc fa kh prcjrhihegõo, oc phshréh
ohfh parc tao ao euaoth qua kh lhtgjh sarè dhsthota hkth, pcr akkc, gotaoth jjhrhotgzhr
hrhotgzhr uo hfaeuhfc
fasehosc furhota kcs féhs fa aotraohigaotc y kcs féhs pcstargcras.
:. ³AU IQW GIPCTVHOVA XQA UGJH AK CTFAO FA KCU ABATEGEGCU3
Ak crfao fa kcs abaregegcs astè prcjrhihfc dusehofc uoh iabcrh fak raofgigaotc y uo hfaeuhfc
astéiukc ao kh iuseukhturh cdbatgvc, pcr akkc,
akk c, sgaipra qua puafhs gotaoth sajugrkc.
=
Ug tu cdbatgvc as prgcrgzhr ak trhdhbc y eraegigaotc fa uo jrupc iuseukhr fatarigohfc, kc iabcr
sarè qua ao khs sasgcoas fcofa aotraoas fgemc jrupc iuseukhr, rahkgeas prgiarc kcs abaregegcs
aoehrjhfcs fa astgiukhr asta jrupc iuseukhr.
Ug ig cdbatgvc as prgcrgzhr ak paetcrhk, hidcs féhs fa tcrsc, rahkgzhrç kcs abaregegcs fa paetcrhk hk
prgoegpgc.
=. ³FADC KA\HOVHT UGAIPTA AK IGUIC PAUC AO EHFH UATGA FA QO IGUIC
ABATEGEGC3
Oc, sg rahkiaota asthics hpkgehofc kh ehrjh oaeashrgh gofgehfh,
gofg ehfh, ao ehfh sarga ocs lhtgjhraics y
akkc ecokkavh oc pcfar rahkgzhr kh sgjugaota sarga eco ak igsic pasc (puafa qua ihotaojhs ak
igsic pasc fa uoh sarga h ctrh parc sg kc ihotgaoas furhota tcfhs khs sargas phuthfhs
sajurhiaota sah saøhk fa qua oc mhs hpkgehfc
hpkg ehfc kh gotaosgfhf sulgegaota).
Pcojhics uo abaipkc phrh aotaofarkc iabcr, fadaics mhear 5 sargas fa 80 rapatgegcoas eco 4
ao kh raeèihrh, kh prgiarh sarga kh rahkgzhraics eco :0 nj, sg rahkiaota oc maics fabhfc 4
rapatgegcoas hotas fak lhkkc rahkgzhofc khs 80 rapatgegcoas, ocs mhdraics lhtgjhfc dhsthota y pcr
aofa, phrh euipkgr khs 80 rapatgegcoas eco TGT4 fadhics dhbhr uo pcec ak pasc ao kh sajuofh
sarga.
7. ³EÕIC FADC KKA\HT IG OQVTGEGÕO3
Phrh erahr uo huiaotc fa ihsh iuseukhr, fadaics jaoarhr uo aotcroc hfaeuhfc phrh akkc.
Astc gipkgeh ecotrckhr kh hkgiaothegõo y ak fasehosc.
Phrh akkc, fadaics jaoarhr uo suparèvgt ehkõrgec, as faegr, gojargr iès ehkcréhs fa khs qua
utgkgzhics yh qua ak prceasc fa erahr ihsh iuseukhr oaeasgth aoarjéh qua fadaics
suigogstrhrkh iafghota kh ecigfh.
Phrh akkc, cs maics høhfgfc uo hphrthfc fcofa aoecotrhrçgs kh golcrihegõo oaeashrgh heareh
fa kh outrgegõo phrh kh jhohoegh fa ihsh iuseukhr.
80. Oc ckvgfas, qua quaraics qua asta pkho ta hyufa h iabcrhr ecic ouoeh, shdaics
qua taofrès iès fufhs scdra akkc, pcr
p cr asc igsic, ta hogihics h qua ocs khs asergdhs
h golc@trhgockcjyi.eci a graics hetuhkgzhofc ak fceuiaotc ehfh egartc tgaipc,
hfaiès, ao kcs fgraetcs thidgço puafas prajuothrocs tus fufhs.
7
Ak ehkaothigaotc as uoc fa kcs pgkhras ao ak aotraohigaotc, çsta ocs parigtgrè iabcrhr ouastrc
raofgigaotc y pravaogr khs kasgcoas, pcr akkc, govartgr tgaipc ao ak ehkaothigaotc as govartgr ao
rasukthfcs h ecrtc, iafgc y khrjc pkhzc y scdratcfc, shkuf.
H ecotgouhegõo ta pkhotahics 4 prctceckcs fa ehkaothigaotc phrh tcrsc y phrh pgaroh, uo
prctceckc rèpgfc eco uoh furhegõo fa 80‗ y ctrc prctceckc kaotc,
k aotc, eco uoh furhegõo fa 40‗.
Fapaofgaofc fak tgaipc qua taojhs phrh aotraohr, pcfrès mhear usc fa uoc u ctrc parc,
rahkgzhrkc as cdkgjhtcrgc.
EHKAOVHIGAOVC FA VCTUC TÈPGFC (80‗)
Ao asth prgiarh phrta fak prctceckc, dusehics ehkaothr khs hrtgeukhegcoas gipkgehfhs ao kcs
kavhothigaotcs fak tcrsc phrh huiaothr su taiparhturh y praphrhrkhs phrh ak trhdhbc pcstargcr.
Prgiarc rahkgzhraics fcs icvgigaotcs qua goekuyao tcfcs kcs icvgigaotcs oaeashrgcs phrh
ehkaothr fgemhs hrtgeukhegcoas.
H ecotgouhegõo sckc sa icstrhrèo kcs abaregegcs, ak tgaipc
tg aipc fafgehfc h ehfh abaregegc sa icstrhrè
hk lgohk fa khs axpkgehegcoas.
PHTVA G2 IC\GKGFHF.
8. Egreuofueegco
Egreuofueegcoas
as fa mcidrc icfglgehf
icfglgehfc.
c.
Ao asta prgiar abaregegc sa duseh ehkaothr tcfh kh iuseukhturh fa kh
k h egoturh asehpukhr, phrh akkc,
rahkgzhraics 81 eéreukcs eco kcs mcidrcs mhegh fakhota y h mhegh htrès prgcrgzhofc kh icvgkgfhf
fa kh aseèpukh.
8. Euhofc ak drhzc suda kh aseèpukh fada sudgr y pcr aofa, ak mcidrc thidgço,
fadaics taoar kh saoshegõo fa gotaothr pajhr ouastrc mcidrc h kh crabh.
4. Euhofc ak drhzc sa fgsthoegh fak euarpc pcr fakhota, hprcvaemhraics phrh gotaothr
g otaothr
axphofgr hk ièxgic khs aseèpukhs.
80
5. Euhofc ak drhzc dhbh mhegh hdhbc, hprcvaemhraics phrh gotaothr faseaofar hk
ièxgic khs aseèpukhs.
6. Euhofc ak drhzc suda pcr fatrès, hprcvaemhraics phrh buothr hk ièxgic khs
aseèpukhs.
4. Lkaxgõo y axtaosgõo fa ecfc icfglgeh
icfglgehfc2
fc2
Ao asta sajuofc abaregegc, vhics h rahkgzhr uoh sarga fa 40 rapatgegcoas fa lkaxgõo y axtaosgõo
fa ecfc parc høhfgaofc egartc icvgigaotc fak mcidrc, phrh akkc vhics h sajugr kcs sgjugaotas
phscs2
8. Phrtgics fa uoh pcsgegõo oautrh.
4. Fasfa asth pcsgegõo oautrh vcy h lkaxgcohr igs ecfcs kc
k c ièxgic pcsgdka y eco kh ihycr luarzh
pcsgdka.
5. Qoh vaz kkajua h ig tcpa fa lkaxgõo fa ecfc vcy h lkaxgcohr kgjarhiaota ig mcidrc sgo fabhr
fa hpkgehr luarzh eco ak ecfc.
6. Qoh vaz kkajua h uocs 70² fa lkaxgõo fa mcidrc, vckvarç h kh pcsgegõo gogeghk phrh aipazhr eco
ak trhdhbc fa tréeaps.
1. Gotaothrç axtaofar ak ecfc hk ièxgic y euhofc kc mhyh ecosajugfc, sgo fabhr fa hpkgehr luarzh,
kkavhrç ak mcidrc mhegh axtaosgõo.
PHTVA GG2 AUVHDGKGFHF.
Fa ohfh ocs sgrva uo hphrthfc fa icvgkgfhf sg, pcstargcriaota, oc ctcrjhics kh asthdgkgfhf
sulgegaota h ouastrhs astrueturhs, phrh akkc, vhics h rahkgzhr fcs abaregegcs iuy saoegkkcs.
8. Tcthegcoas gotarohs y axtarohs fa mòiarc.
Asta abaregegc ecosgsta ao utgkgzhr uoh jcih c dhofh phrh jaoarhr rcthegcoas fa mcidrc, as
gipcrthota qua euhofc kc rahkgeaics sckc sa jaoara kh rcthegõo fak mòiarc, sg ceurra hkjc fa
astc, fadas eaotrhrta iès ao kh tçeogeh y iaocs ao ak pasc2
8. Tcths ak trcoec.
4. Iuavas ak ecfc c kc faspajhs fak ecsthfc.
88
5. Iuavas kh aseèpukh.
4. Tatrheegõo y prctrheegõo asehpukhr.
asehpukhr.
Asta abaregegc as iuy saoegkkc sckc vhics h rahkgzhr icvgigaotcs fcofa hidhs aseèpukhs sa
buotao c sa saphrao,
saphrao, phrh akkc puafas ushr uoh jcih akèstgeh, uoh pckah c uoh ihoeuaroh.
Hqué tgaoas ak abaipkc fa tcfc ak ehkaothigaotc2
MHR EKGE HXQÉ PHTH \AT AK \ÉFAC
PHTVA GGG2 HPTC]GIHEGCOAU.
Mh kkajhfc kh mcrh fa aipazhr h fhrka ehøh hk aotraohigaotc y fadaics ehkaothr uo pcec iès
ak prgiar abaregegc fak féh hotas fa fhrkc tcfc ao ak igsic, pcr akkc, vhics h rahkgzhr uohs sargas
fa ehkaothigaotc.
8. 80 rapatgegcoas eco ak 50% fak pasc astgihfc qua sa icvarè asa féh.
4. 1 rapatgegcoas eco ak <0% fak pasc astgihfc qua sa icvarè asa féh.
5. 4 rapatgegcoas eco ak 70% fak pasc astgihfc qua sa icvarè asa féh.
6. 8 rapatgegõo eco ak 801% fak pasc astgihfc qua sa icvarè asa féh.
Mhdrè
hkjuocs
ehscs ao
kcs qua
ocs sarè
g ipcsgdka
prctceckc,
pcr
abaipkc,
sg vhics
h rahkgzhr
fcigohfhs
u ctrc
abaregegc
quagipcsgdka
gipkgquarahkgzhr
icvar asta
ak pasc
ecrpcrhk,
phrh
akkcs, mhraics
usc fa dhofhs akèstgehs qua ocs parigtho qugthr ehrjh tcthk h icvar rahkgzhofc, ao asta ehsc
fcigohfhs hsgstgfhs eco jcih c goekusc ao ièqugoh.
EHKAOVHIGAOVC FA VCTUC KAOVC (40‗)
PHTVA G2 KGDATHEGÕO IGCLHUEGHK.
Ao asth phrta fak prctceckc vhics h fafgehr uocs igoutcs h kh kgdarhegõo igclhseghk y
hutcihshba, ak prgoegphk cdbatgvc fa asth prgiarh lhsa as kh fa iabcrhr kh icvgkgfhf fa khs
astrueturhs gipkgehfhs ao kcs sgjugaotas abaregegcs h rahkgzhr, ocs eaotrhraics scdratcfc ao kh
iuseukhturh qua icvgkgzh khs fglaraotas hrtgeukhegcoas fak mcidrc. Phrh mhear asta prctceckc
sckc oaeasgths uoh pakcth paquaøh y iafghohiaota furh, uoh fa taogs ta vhka parlaethiaota.
84
Phrh hpkgehr ak ihshba ecrraethiaota vhics h rahkgzhr 4 sargas fa 80-81 sajuofcs pcr ehfh
jrupc iuseukhr hpkgehofc uoh prasgõo fa 6/80 sgaofc 0 ‛hpaohs octc prasgõo’ y 80 ‛oc pcfréh
hpkgehr iès prasgõo, astcy hprathofc kc ièxgic’ y rahkgzhofc eéreukcs.
8. Paetcrhk Ihycr. Govckuerhf
Govckuerhfc
c ao kcs abaregegcs fa aipuba mcrgzcothk.
4. Faktcgfas hotargcr.
hotargcr. Govckuerhfc ao abaregegcs fa aipuba.
5. Déeaps drhqughk. Gipkgehfc ao kcs abaregegcs fa trheegõo y lkaxgõo fa ecfc.
85
6. Vrhpaegc supargcr. Govckuerhfc ao abaregegcs fa trheegõo mcrgzcothk y aipubas
vartgehkas.
1. Fcrshk hoemc. Govckuerhfc ao abaregegcs fa trheegõo.
86
<. Vréeaps drhqughk.
d rhqughk. Govckuerhf
Govckuerhfc
c ao abaregegcs
a baregegcs fa aipuba y axtaosgõo fa ecfc.
Phshics kh pakcth pcr kh phrta pcstargcr fak drhzc.
PHTVA GG2 IC\GKGFHF HTVGEQKHT2
Fhfc qua mhs asecjgfc asth cpegõo fa ehkaothigaotc iès axtaosc, vhics h rahkgzhr icvgkgfhf
hrtgeukhr fa ihoarh iès axtaosh y hohkétgeh, phrh akkc, ushraics fcs tgpcs fa abaregegcs, phrta
fa akkcs grèo fastgohfcs h iabcrhr kh icvgkgfhf hrtgeukhr rahkgzhofc uo icvgigaotc jaoarhr
furhota tcfc ak rhojc fa icvgigaotc hetgvc fa kh hrtgeukhegõo igaotrhs qua kcs faiès abaregegcs
dusehrèo pctaoeghr kh icvgkgfhf hk lgohk fak rhojc fa raecrrgfc.
PHTVA GGH2
Ao asth phrta, vhics h rahkgzhr fa 81-40 egekcs ecipkatcs h uoh vakcegfhf icfarhfh,
ecotrckhofc kh asthdgkgfhf fa khs hrtgeukhegcoas govckuerhfhs.
8. Lkaxgõo y axtaosgõo fa mcidrc.
81
4. Hdfueegõo y hfueegõo fa mcidrc.
5. Tcthegõo gotaroh y axtaroh fa mcidrc.
8<
PHTVA GGD2
Ao asth sajuofh phrta vhics h utgkgzhr uoh jcih akèstgeh, kh gfah as eckcehrkh fa ihoarh qua
ocs hyufa h kkajhr h kcs òktgics rhojcs fa icvgigaotc, phrh akkc, oc oaeasgthics rahkgzhr kcs
abaregegcs eco uoh taosgõo fa kh jcih axeasgvh, oc quaraics mgparicvgkgzhr kh hrtgeukhegõo sgoc
jhohr uocs pcecs jrhfcs fa icvgigaotc. Taeuarfh qua sg jhohics faihsghfh icvgkgfhf
sherglgehraics kh asthdgkgfhf fa ash hrtgeukhegõo y oc ocs gotarash.
Phrh kcs sgjugaotas abaregegcs rahkgzhraics 80 rapatgegcoas eco vakcegfhf ecotrckhfh y
ihotaogaofc kh pcsgegõo lgohk furhota 5-6’.
8. Lkaxgõo fa mcidrc.
4. Hdfueegõo fa mcidrc.
8:
PHTVA GgG2 AUVHDGKGFHF HTVGEQKHT.
Maics asecjgfc kcs qua ecosgfarhics kcs iabcras abaregegcs phrh ehkaothr tus hrtgeukhegcoas.
Fadas rahkgzhr 4 sargas fa 80 rapatgegcoas ao ehfh abaregegc.
8. Tcthegcoas gotarohs / axtarohs.
MHR EKGE HXQÉ PHTH \AT AK \ÉFAC
4. WVZK
Ao asta abaregegc, oc ta raecigaofc ecjar iuemc pasc, fa maemc, kh ehrjh ièxgih qua
ushréh sarého fgsecs fa 4,1 nj pcr ihoc, kh gfah as astgiukhr kh iuseukhturh aoehrjhfh
fa astgiukhr y asthdgkgzhr mòiarc y aseèpukh, pcr akkc, sg ocs lhtgjhics iuemc sarè kh
iuseukhturh iès pctaota qugao fadh aotrhr ao ak buajc h icvgkgzhr khs astrueturhs y astc
oc ocs gotarash.
MHR EKGE HXQÉ PHTH \AT AK \ÉFAC
5. Prctrheegõo + ratrheegõo
ra trheegõo asehpukh
asehpukhr.
r.
MHR EKGE HXQÉ PHTH \AT AK \ÉFAC
PHTVA G\2 AUVGIQKHEGÕO OAQTHK2
Hotas fa aipazhr h icvgkgzhr ehrjhs fadaics astgiukhr ak sgstaih oarvgcsc eaotrhk,
phrh akkc ushraics abaregegcs fcofa h kc khrjc fa kh lhsa ecoeçotrgeh oc lraoaics kh
ehrjh ao ogojòo iciaotc, ecothraics eco khs lkaxgcoas eco phkihfh y fcigohfhs hk
paemc.
8=
Tahkgzhraics 4 sargas fa 4-5 lkaxgcoas eco phkihfh (sg ak prgiar abaregegc fa kh sasgõo as
uo aipuba) gotaothofc saphrhrocs hk ièxgic fak suakc, hidhs sargas asthrèo saphrhfhs
pcr iéogic 8‗50’ fa fasehosc.
Tahkgzhraics 4 sargas fa 4-5 fcigohfhs hk paemc (sg ak prgiar abaregegc fa kh sasgõo as
uoh trheegõo) gotaothofc jckpahr ak paemc kc iès luarta ecotrh kh dhrrh (sg oc kkajhs h
tcehr ak paemc, gotaoth sudgr kc iès hktc pcsgdka), hidhs sargas asthrèo saphrhfhs pcr
iéogic 8‗50’ fa fasehosc.
PHTVA \2 HPTC]GIHEGCOAU.
Mh kkajhfc kh mcrh fa aipazhr h fhrka ehøh hk aotraohigaotc y fadaics ehkaothr uo pcec iès
ak prgiar abaregegc fak féh hotas fa fhrkc tcfc ao ak igsic, pcr akkc, vhics h rahkgzhr uohs sargas
fa ehkaothigaotc.
8. 80 rapatgegcoas eco ak 50% fak pasc astgihfc qua sa icvarè asa féh.
4. 1 rapatgegcoas eco ak <0% fak pasc astgihfc qua sa icvarè asa féh.
5. 4 rapatgegcoas eco ak 70% fak pasc astgihfc qua sa icvarè asa féh.
6. 8 rapatgegõo eco ak 801% fak pasc astgihfc qua sa icvarè asa féh.
Mhdrè hkjuocs ehscs ao kcs qua ocs
o cs sarè gipcsgdka rahkgzhr asta prctceckc, pcr abaipkc, sg vhics
h rahkgzhr fcigohfhs u ctrc abaregegc qua gipkgqua icvar ak pasc ecrpcrhk, phrh akkcs, mhraics
usc fa dhofhs akèstgehs qua ocs parigtho qugthr ehrjh tcthk h icvar rahkgzhofc, ao asta ehsc
fcigohfhs hsgstgfhs eco jcih c goekusc ao ièqugoh.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
87
EHKAOVHIGAOVC FA PGATOH TÈPGFC (80‗)
Asta ehkaothigaotc sa vh h fgvgfgr ao tras dkcquas, hk gjuhk qua ak ehkaothigaotc
ehkaothig aotc fak tcrsc rèpgfc,
aipazhraics eco ak dkcqua fa icvgkgfhf, ao tcfcs kcs abaregegcs rahkgzhraics 4 sargas fa 81 ―
40 rapatgegcoas eco uo rhojc fa icvgigaotc ao ak euhk oc taojhics ickastghs.
PHTVA G2 IC\GKGFHF.
8. Icvgkgfhf fa tcdgkkc eco rasgstaoegh akèstgeh.
Ug oc tgaoas rasgstaoegh akèstgeh oc ta praceupas, puafas rahkgzhr asta abaregegc sgo prcdkaih.
Phrh rahkgzhr asta abaregegc fadaics eckcehrocs ao ‛pcsgegõo fa ehdhkkarc’ eco uoh dhofh
rcfahofc kh phrta golargcr fa kh pgaroh y taoshfh mhegh pcstargcr. Vrhs asthr ao kh pcsgegõo gfõoah
rahkgzhraics icvgigaotcs mhegh fakhota y mhegh htrès fa kh rcfgkkh sgo faspajhr ak thkõo ao
ogojòo iciaotc.
4. Icvgkgfhf fa ehfarh
ehfarh fgoèigeh.
fgoèigeh. 70 ― 70.
Phrh rahkgzhr asta abaregegc fadaics eckcehrocs saothfcs ao ak suakc igrhofc mhegh ak khfc
igaotrhs uoh fa ouastrhs ehfarhs sa aoeuaotrh ao rcthegõo gotaroh y kh ctrh ao rcthegõo axtaroh
eco uoh pcsgegõo fa 70² ehfh uoh, pcstargcriaota, rcfhraics mhegh ak ctrc khfc phrh eckcehr
khs ehfarhs ao kh pcsgegõo ecotrhrgh h kh qua taoého.
40
Pcfaics aolhtgzhr ao kh icvgkgfhf fa lkaxgõo y axtaosgõo fa ehfarh goekgohofc ak tcrsc mhegh
fakhota y mhegh htrès euhofc ocs aoecotraics ao kh pcsgegõo lgohk fak icvgigaotc (sajuofh lctc
fa kh gzqugarfh fcofa sa goekgoh ak tcrsc mhegh fakhota).
PHTVA GG2 AUVHDGKGFHF.
Ao asta sajuofc dkcqua vhics h hetgvhr hquakkh iuseukhturh aoehrjhfh fa asthdgkgzhr ouastrhs
astrueturhs iès gipcrthotas h kh mcrh fa rahkgzhr ak aotraohigaotc fa trao golargcr.
8. Umcrt-Lcct.
Asta abaregegc sgrva phrh trhdhbhr kh iuseukhturh prcluofh fak pga, aoehrjhfh fa ihotaoar ak hrec
pkhothr asthdka y qua kh pkhoth fak pga oc eckhpsa mhegh faotrc huiaothofc hsé ak rgasjc fa kasgõo
ao tcdgkkc, rcfgkkh y ehfarh.
Fadas gotaothr ecotrhar kh pkhoth fak pga sgo taoshr kcs fafcs.
Tahkgzhraics 4 sargas fa 80 rapatgegcoas eco uo fasehosc
faseh osc fa 50’ aotra sargas.
Phrh shdar sg kc astès rahkgzhofc ecrraethiaota fadas octhr y cdsarvhr eõic kh igthf fa tu
pkhoth fak pga sa hkabh fak suakc.
4. Hdfueegcoas fa ehfarh tuidhfc.
\hics h rahkgzhr asta abaregegc phrh trhdhbhr ak phtrõo fa rcthegõo axtaroh fak jkòtac ihycr y
iafgc, hidcs iuy gipcrthotas ao kh asthdgkgfhf fa kh rcfgkkh.
Tahkgzhraics 4 sargas fa thoths rapatgegcoas ecic sah oaeashrgc mhsth aipazhr h octhr uo
pcec fa lhtgjh ao kh phrta khtarhk c pcstargcr fak jkòtac.
48
MHR EKGE HXQÉ PHTH \AT AK \ÉFAC
Ecic pcfrès cdsarvhr ao ak véfac, pcoaics uoh ihoc ao ecothetc eco ak khtarhk fa kh ehfarh,
astc kc mheaics phrh pcfar iabcrhr kh hetgvgfhf fak iòseukc
i òseukc hfaiès fa pcfar kcehkgzhrkc iabcr.
5. Dgrf ― Fcj.
Asta abaregegc kc vhics h ushr phrh hetgvhr kh iuseukhturh fak ecra, fa kh ehfarh y fa kh egoturh
asehpukhr y hsé pcfar eccrfgohr y asthdgkgzhr pcstargcriaota tcfhs asths astrueturhs.
MHR EKGE HXQÉ PHTH \AT AK \ÉFAC
PHTVA gGG2 HEVG\HEGÕO2
\hics h rahkgzhr uo prctceckc iuy saoegkkc fa hetgvhegõo iafghota shktcs parc fapaofgaofc fak
féh fa pgaroh qua mhjhics, rahkgzhraics uo tgpc fa shktc u ctrc.
- FÉH 8 FA PGATOH2 Ao asta ehsc utgkgzhraics uo shktc vartgehk tgpc EIB phrh hetgvhr ouastrc
crjhogsic hotas fa aipazhr eco khs sargas
sarg as fa hprcxgihegõo.
44
Ao asta tgpc fa shktc, pcofraics khs ihocs ao kh ehfarh y oc khs icvaraics fa ash pcsgegõo
furhota tcfc ak shktc, ‛³Pcr quç mheaics astc3’ Phrh cdkgjhr h khs
k hs pgarohs h jaoarhr tcfh kh
luarzh y qua kcs drhzcs oc hyufao ao ak shktc.
PTCVCECKC FA UHKVC2
8² UHKVC.
\hics h shkthr hpkgehofc uoh luarzh fa uo vhkcr </8 0 sgaofc 0 ‛oc ma shkthfc’ y 80 ‛ma shkthfc
kc ièxgic qua ma pcfgfc’, trhs ak shktc fasehoshraics 80’.
4² UHKVC.
Uhkthraics hpkgehofc uoh luarzh fa uo vhkcr =/80 y fasehoshraics 40’.
5² UHKVC.
Uhkthraics hpkgehofc kh ièxgih luarzh pcsgdka.
---------------------ECOUABC2
Oc taojhs kh saoshegõo fa quarar shkthr, tao kh saoshegõo fa aipubhr ak suakc eco khs
pgarohs kc ièxgic pcsgdka.
pcsgdka.
---------------------- FÉH 4 FA PGATOH2 Ao asta ehsc utgkgzhraics uo shktc mcrgzcothk, phrh mhear ihycr çolhsgs
ao kh iuseukhturh axtaoscrh fa ehfarh. Qtgkgzhraics
Qtgk gzhraics ak igsic prctceckc fa shktc parc eco uo
shktc mcrgzcothk.
45
PHTVA G\2 HPTC]GIHEGCOAU.
Mh kkajhfc kh mcrh fa aipazhr h fhrka ehøh hk aotraohigaotc y fadaics ehkaothr uo pcec iès
ak prgiar abaregegc fak féh hotas fa fhrkc tcfc ao ak igsic, pcr akkc, vhics h rahkgzhr uohs
sargas fa ehkaothigaotc.
8. 80 rapatgegcoas eco ak 50% fak pasc astgihfc qua sa icvarè asa féh.
4. 1 rapatgegcoas eco ak <0% fak pasc astgihfc qua sa icvarè asa féh.
5. 4 rapatgegcoas eco ak 70% fak pasc astgihfc qua sa icvarè asa féh.
6. 8 rapatgegõo eco ak 801% fak pasc astgihfc qua sa icvarè asa féh.
-------------------------
EHKAOVHIGAOVC FA PGATOH KAOVC (40‗)
PHTVA G2 KGDATHEGÕO IGCLHUEGHK.
Phrh hpkgehr ak ihshba ecrraethiaota vhics h rahkgzhr 4 sargas fa 80-81 sajuofcs pcr ehfh
jrupc iuseukhr hpkgehofc uoh prasgõo fa 6/80 sgaofc 0 ‛hpaohs octc prasgõo’ y 80 ‛oc pcfréh
hpkgehr iès prasgõo, astcy hprathofc kc ièxgic’ y rahkgzhofc eéreukcs. Phrh rahkgzhr asta
prctceckc oaeasgthics uoh pakcth fa taogs y uo Lchi rckkar.
8. Pkhoth fak pga. As gipcrthota rakhbh
rakhbhrkh
rkh yh qua sa rakhegcoh eco tcfh kh iuseukhturh pcstargcr.
46
4. Vréeaps surhk. Ua astgiukh ao abaregegcs fcofa sa raqugara
r aqugara uoh akavhegõo fak thkõo.
5. gsqugcsurhk. Vrhdhbh ao phtrcoas fa axtaosgõo fa ehfarh y lkaxgõo fa rcfgkkh.
6. Jkòtac. Vrhdhbh ecic prgoegphk axtaoscr fa ehfarh, rcthfcr axtaroc y hdfuetcr.
41
1. Vaoscr fa kh lhsegh khth. Vrhdhbh ecic hdfuetcr fa ehfarh y lkaxcr fa kh igsih.
=. Euèfrgeaps. Axtgaofa kh rcfgkkh y lkaxgcoh kh ehfarh.
4<
PHTVA GG2 IC\GKGFHF.
PHTVA GGH2 IC\GKGFHF UGIPKA.
Ao tcfcs astcs abaregegcs fadas rahkgzhr 4 sargas fa 81 rapatgegcoas.
8. Lkaxgõo y axtaosgõo fa rcfgkkh.
r cfgkkh.
4. Lkaxgõo y axtaosgõo
axtaosgõo fa ehfarh.
5. Hdfueegõo y hfueegõo fa ehfarh.
4:
PHTVA GGD2 IC\GKGFHF ECO TAUGUVAOEGH
Ao tcfcs kcs abaregegcs qua sa prasaotao h ecotgouhegõo rahkgzhraics 4 sargas fa 80
rapatgegcoas eco kgjarcs icvgigaotcs taoshofc y fastaoshofc kh jcih akèstgeh.
8.
4.
5.
PHTVA GGG2 AUVHDGKGFHF HTVGEQKHT.
Tahkgzhraics kcs igsics abaregegcs qua ao ak ehkaothigaotc rèpgfc fa pgaroh.
PHTVA G\2 HEVG\HEGÕO2
Ua rahkgzhrè ak igsic prctceckc fa hetgvhegõo qua ao ak ehkaothigaotc rèpgfc fa pgaroh.
PHTVA \2 HPTC]GIHEGCOAU.
Ua rahkgzhrè ak igsic prctceckc fa hprcxgihegcoas qua ao ak ehkaothigaotc rèpgfc fa pgaroh.
4=
Ak prcjrhih fa mgpartrclgh phrh gotariafgcs fa 6 féhs astè ecipuastc pcr 84 saihohs fa
aotraohigaotc fcofa sa fgvgfao ao tras dkcquas2
- IAUCEGEKC VÇEOGEC.
Dusehics uoh hfhpthegõo h khs ehrjhs y uo çolhsgs ao kh iabcrh tçeogeh fa kcs abaregegcs,
taoaics 6 saihohs phrh cptgigzhr hk ièxgic kavhothofc ehrjhs eco astcs abaregegcs.
- IAUCEGEKC FA LQATRH.
Qoh vaz maics trhdhbhfc hfhptèofcocs h khs ehrjhs icfarhfhs y cptgigzhofc ouastrh tçeogeh
vhics h mhearocs luartas ao kcs icvgigaotcs prgoegphkas phrh pcfar axtrhpckhr ash luarzh
pcstargcriaota hk sgjugaota iascegekc.
- IAUCEGEKC IAVHDÕKGEC.
Ao asta iascegekc vhics h dusehr ak trhdhbc ao rhojcs fa rapatgegcoas iès hkths phrh
daoalgeghrocs fak astrçs iathdõkgec y kh taosgõo iaeèogeh qua sa prcfuea euhofc rahkgzhics
sargas gotaoshs fa hkths rapatgegcoas. ¡\hics h pcr ak puip!
-------------------
Kh rutgoh astè prcjrhihfh ecic uoh VCTUC ― PGATOH ao kh qua ehfh féh fa tcrsc y féh fa
pgaorh sa mhea çolhsgs ao uo pgkhr c zcoh fglaraota.
Ao ak ehsc fak tcrsc c dgao ao kcs aipubas c dgao ao khs trheegcoas y ao ak ehsc fa kh pgaroh ao kh
phrta hotargcr c ao kh phrta pcstargcr fa kh igsih.
-------------------
Kh prcjrhihegõo fa khs vhrghdkas
astè asthdkaegfh sgjugaofc ak prgoegpgc fa
scdraehrjh prcjrasgvh, fapaofgaofc fak iciaotc sa huiaothrè c rafuegrè ak vckuiao, kh
gotaosgfhf, khs rapatgegcoas ao kh raeèihrh c goekusc ak fasehosc.
------------------EHFAOEGH FQTHOVA KHU FGUVGOVHU LHUAU FAK AOVTAOHIGAOVC
\hics h gotaothr cptgigzhr hk ièxgic ak prcjrhih y phrh akkc ushraics kh ehfaoegh, phrh
gotaothr iabcrhr ak rhtgc fa astéiukc/lhtgjh
astéiukc/ lhtgjh fa ouastrcs abaregegcs.
47
- EHFAOEGH IAUCEGEKC VÇEOGEC.
Qtgkgzhraics uoh ehfaoegh 4.0.8.8.
*Dusehics asta tgpc fa ehfaoeghs phrh oc lhtgjhrocs iuemc h ogvak oaurhk ao kh dhbhfh, qua ocs parigth dhbhr asthdkas, sudgr r èpgfc
parc ecotrckhfcs y fasehoshr uo sajuofc hrrgdh.
As faegr, dhbhraics kh ehrjh furhota fcs sajuofcs, sgo phrhr sudgraics kh ehrjh furhota uo
sajuofc, fasehoshraics uo sajuofc y vckvaraics h dhbhr kh ehrjh. (Phrh pcfar axtrhpckhr h
astc h tcfcs kcs abaregegcs as gipcrthota qua vhyhs hk hphrthfc fa ehfaoegh y taipc ao kcs
ecoeaptcs ekhva)
- EHFAOEGH IAUCEGEKC LQATRH.
Ao asta iascegekc vhrghraics kh ehfaoegh sajòo kcs abaregegcs.
Ao kcs abaregegcs fa hgskhigaotc,
hgskhigaotc, mcidrc y dr
drhzc
hzc ushraics asth ehfaoegh2 5282420
Dhbc ao tras sajuofcs, ia ihotaojc uo sajuofc hdhbc, sudc ao fcs sajuofcs y vuakvc h dhbhr
sgo phrhr.
*Dhbhraics ao 5’ phrh mhear uo pcec iès fa çolhsgs ao kh mgpartrclgh fhfc qua ao kcs abaregegcs prgoegphkas ocs aolcehraics ao
hpkgehr luarzh.
Ao ehidgc, ao kcs abaregegcs prgoegphkas, ushraics kh ehfaoegh 4.0.].8.
*Kh ‛]’ sgjoglgeh sudgr kc iès rèpgf c pcsgdka sgo parfar kh tçeogeh, sudgics kc iès rèpgfc pcsgdka phrh jhrhotgzhr kh hpkgehegõo fa
luarzh.
- EHFAOEGH IAUCEGEKC IAVHDÕKGEC.
Asta iascegekc vhics h gotaothr axprgigr hk ièxgic ak astrçs iathdõkgec y phrh akkc vhics h
mhear çolhsgs ao uoh lhsa axeçotrgeh rakhtgvhiaota ihrehfh ao tcfcs kcs abaregegcs hpkgehofc
5202420, as faegr, tras sajuofcs fa dhbhfh y sgo phrhr sudc ao fcs sajuofcs.
------------------ABATEGEGCU.
Phrh heeafar h kh sakaeegõo fa abaregegcs fadas gr h khs eakfhs qua mhy fadhbc fa ‛AKGJA AK
ABATEGEGC’ y mhear ekge ao ak faspkajhdka, hk lgohk fa asta fceuiaotc aoecotrhrès ak jkcshrgc fa
abaregegcs phrh pcfar sakaeegcohr kcs qua iès ta justao.
50
Uhdaics qua tcfc prcjrhih fa aotraohigaotc jaoarhkgzhfc tgaoa sus kgigthegcoas
kgig thegcoas parc vhics
h rafuegrkhs fèofcta khs marrhigaoths oaeashrghs phrh pcfar hbusthr ak prcjrhih h tus
oaeasgfhfas parscohkas.
8. ³Oc sco iuy pcehs sargas3 Oaeasgtc høhfgr hkjuoh sarga iès.
Ecic dgao eciaothics hk prgoegpgc, ao khs prajuoths lraeuaotas, kc iabcr as qua gotaotas sajugr
ak prcjrhih ecic astè asthdkaegfc furhota iéogic fcs saihohs, phrh pcfar cdtaoar
ralaraoeghs fak igsic y hohkgzhr tu asthfc.
Qoc
fasar
kcs uo
g ofgehfcras
gofgehfcras
qua tgaoas
hohkgzhr
as ak ogvak
fasa
hj
hjubaths
ubathskkavhofc
qua tgaoas
khshsasgcoas,
puafa
duao gofgehfcr
phrhqua
astgihr
ak astéiukc
qua
astèo
khstrhs
zcohs
trhdhbhr
(parc fadas taoar ao euaoth qua mhy egartcs jrupcs iuseukhras fcofa as dhsthota fgléegk taoar
hjubaths ecic kcs mcidrcs).
Ug trhs kh sasgõo fa aotraohigaotc (uohs 6=m faspuçs) hpaohs tgaoas hjubaths fadas hohkgzhr kc
sgjugaota2
8. ³Tahkiaota ma aotraohfc eco kh tçeogeh hfaeuhfh qua ia parigtéh saotgr ak jrupc
iuseukhr cdbatgvc ao ehfh
e hfh abaregegc furhota kh sasgõo fa aotraohigaot
aotraohigaotc3
c3 Ug kh raspuasth
as ‛oc’, aolõehta ao asta pgkhr kh
k h sgjugaota sasgõo fa aotraohigaotc, sg as ‛sé’ phsh h kh sgjugaota
prajuoth.
4. ³Tahkiaota ma aotraohfc h kh go
gotaosgfhf
taosgfhf p
prcjrhihfh3
rcjrhihfh3 ³Tahkiaota ia mma
a fabhfc khs
aoma
raeèihrh
qua rapatgegcoas
taoéh qua fabhria
c ma aotraohfc
eco iaocs
gotaosgfhf
yrapatgegcoas
pcr aofa, ia
fabhfc iès
ao raeèihrh
fa khs gofgehfhs3
Ug kh
raspuasth
as ‛oc’, aolõehta ao asta pgkhr kh
k h sgjugaota sasgõo fa aotraohigaotc, sg as ‛sé’ phsh h kh sgjugaota
prajuoth.
5. ³Tahkiaota ma euipkgfc eco kcs tgaipcs fa fasehosc c ma fasehoshfc iuemc iès
tgaipc fak qua fadéh c iuemc iaocs tgaipc fak qua fadéh prcvcehofc hsé uoh dhbhf
dhbhfhh
fa raofgigaotc iuy jrhofa ao
a o ak prcpgc aotraohigaotc3 Ug oc mhs raspathfc kcs tgaipcs
fa fasehosc, eçotrhta ao asc kh sgjugaota sasgõo fa aotraohigaotc, sg as hsé, phsh kh sgjugaota
prajuoth.
6. ³Astcy fasehoshofc
fasehoshofc hhfaeuhfhiaota
faeuhfhiaota y hhkgiaotèo
kgiaotèofcia
fcia thk y ecic sa ia
ia mh ggofgehfc
ofgehfc
ao ak prcjrhih fa aotraohigaotc3 Ug oc as hsé, eçotrhta ao astc, thotc ak oc fasehoshr
hfaeuhfhiaota ecic outrgrta ihk puafao parbufgehr h kh mcrh fa ehkeukhr kh ehrjh oaeashrgh
phrh jaoarhr uo astéiukc hfaeuhfc. Ug as hsé, phsh h kh sgjugaota prajuoth.
58
1. ³Ia raeuparc
raeupar c tcthki
tcthkiaota
aota fa khs hotargcras sasgcoas3 Ug oc as hsé, oc fadas huiaothr ak
vckuiao fa aotraohigaotc, sg as hsé, puafas phshr hk sgjugaota
s gjugaota puotc.
1. HMCTH UÉ, HQIAOVH AK \CKQIAO FA AOVTAOHIGAOVC.
TAUÒIAO2 ³EÕIC UÇ UG PQAFC HQIAOVHT KKHU
HU UATGAU3
54
Phrh huiaothr ak vckuiao fa aotraohigaotc kc mhraics fa kh sgjugaota ihoarh2
- Huiaoth 8-4 sargas saihohkas ak vckuiao fa aotraohigaotc ao fgemc jrupc iuseukhr ao ak
abaregegc fcofa iès sargas sa rahkgeao, as faegr, sg phrh ak paetcrhk vcy h rahkgzhr 7 sargas ao 5
abaregegcs fa kcs euhkas ao uoc fa akkcs khs sargas sco fa = rapatgegcoas, ctrc fa 84 y ctrc fa 81,
høhfgrç kh sarga c ak phr fa sargas ao ak abaregegc fcofa fadh rahkgzhr khs 81 rapatgegcoas.
- Fadas taoar ao euaoth asta kgjarc huiaotc fa sargas qua mhs rahkgzhfc phrh sajugr ak prcjrhih
fa aotraohigaotc ihotaogaofc ak rgtic fa sudgfh fa vckuiao fa aotraohigaotc asthdkaegfc,
as faegr, sg faegfas sudgr 4 sargas fa paetcrhk kh prgiarh sasgõo fa x saihoh y ash saihoh qua
mhs sudgfc khs sargas, ao ak prcjrhih asthdh astgpukhfc mhear 88 sargas, fadas ecothr eco qua
astès mhegaofc 85 sargas y sg kh sgjugaota saihoh sa høhfa uoh sarga iès, fadarès mhear 86 sargas
saihohkas, oc 84 ecic sa gofgehréh.
4. Oc scy ehphz fa trhdhbhr iafghota
iaf ghota ak TGT, ³quç puafc mhear3
Ug as kh prgiarh vaz qua trhdhbhs eco asehkhs fa asluarzc paregdgfc, as ocrihk qua hk prgoegpgc ta
euasta parc sg kc gotaoths, mhzia ehsc, vhkfrè kh paoh ak asluarzc y ta parigtgrè hpraofar iuemc
scdra tg, ash golcrihegõo tgaoa uo vhkcr goehkeukhdka.
Ug huo hsé ta sgjua ecsthofc iuemc ta hogic h sajugr kh prcjrasgõo iafghota igercehrjhs.
Phrh akkc ushraics uo eõfgjc iuy saoegkkc qua ta puafa hyufhr iuemc.
Kh prcjrasgõo iafghota igercehrjhs ecosgsta ao høhfgr x nj fa pasc fapaofgaofc fa eõic
hetòao khs rapatgegcoas h rahkgzhr ao kh sarga y khs rapatgegcoas ao raeèihrh.
IGETCEHTJHU IAFGHOVA TAPAVGEGCOAU AO TAEÈIHTH
Euhofc ihotaoaics khs igsihs sargas y rapatgegcoas parc rafuegics khs rapatgegcoas ao
raeèihrh mheaics iès fgléegk khs sargas puastc qua ao ehfh uoh fa akkhs, vhics h asthr iès
eareh fak lhkkc.
Ao abaregegcs iuktghrtgeukhras (mhy iès fa uoh hrtgeukhegõo qua sa iuava, pcr abaipkc prass fa
dhoeh), ehfh rapatgegõo ao kh raeèihrh qua fgsigouyhics, huiaothics 4,1 nj ak pasc raspaetc
h kh hotargcr sasgõo (fcofa sa supcoa qua ak TGT arh ihycr).
Ao abaregegcs icochrtgeukhras (sckc mhy uoh hrtgeukhegõo qua sa iuava, pcr abaipkc prass
lrhoeçs), ehfh rapatgegõo ao kh raeèihrh qua fgsigouyhics, huiaothics 8,41 nj ak pasc
raspaetc h kh hotargcr sasgõo (fcofa sa supcoa qua ak TGT arh ihycr).
55
*Ug oc sa puafao sudgr ak pasc 8,41 nj c 4,1 y sckc mhy cpegõo fa sudgr ngkc pcr ngkc, kc mhraics
sudgaofc 8 c 4 nj raspaetgvhiaota.
TAJKH FA KH IGETCEHTJH IAFGHOVA KHU TAPAVGEGCOAU.
Ao abaregegcs iuktghrtgeukhras (mhy iès fa uoh hrtgeukhegõo
hrtgeukheg õo qua sa iuava, pcr abaipkc, raic eco
dhrrh), ehfh rapatgegõo qua sa fgsigouyh,
fgsig ouyh, huiaothics 4 nj ak pasc raspaetc h kkhh hotargcr sasgõo
(fcofa sa supcoa qua ak TGT arh ihycr).
Ao abaregegcs icochrtgeukhras (sckc mhy uoh hrtgeukhegõo qua sa iuava, pcr abaipkc eurk fa
déeaps), ehfh rapatgegõo ao kh raeèihrh qua fgsigouyhics, huiaothics 8 nj ak pasc raspaetc
h kh hotargcr sasgõo (fcofa sa supcoa qua ak TGT arh ihycr).
³XQÇ PHUH UG \HTÉH AK TGT W KHU TAPAVGEGCOAU H KH \AR KH IGUIH UAIHOH3
Ug mhy hkjuoh saihoh ao kh qua ak TGT fasegaofa y khs rapatgegcoas hsegaofao, gotaothraics
ihotaoar ak pasc fa kh saihoh hotargcr,
h otargcr, sg vaics qua as govghdka ecolcria rahkg
rahkgzhics
zhics kh sarga,
fadaics dhbhr ak pasc, dhbhraics 4,1/1 nj ao iuktghrtgeukhras y 8,41/4,1 nj ao icochrtgeukhras,
icochrtgeukhras ,
vckvaraics h rahkgzhr kh sarga fasehoshofc ak tgaipc oaeashrgc y vckvaraics h hohkgzhr
saoshegcoas.
Ug pcr ak ecotrhrgc, ak TGT fasegaofa y khs rapatgegcoas thidgço, fadaics hbusthr khs ehrjhs hk
hkzh, pcr abaipkc, sg ceurra ao uo abaregegc iuktghrtgeukhr qua fgsigouya 8 rapatgegõo ao
raeèihrh y fa 80 h = rapatgegcoas, fadaréhics huiaothr :,1 nj parc sajurhiaota sah uo shktc
dhsthota jrhofa, pcr akkc, sgaipra qua hidhs vhrghdkas sa icfglgquao fa ihoarh qua fadhics
suihr h kh dhrrh ngkcjrhics pcr eukph fa asths fcs, fgvgfgraics ak tcthk fa ngkcjrhics pcr kh
igthf y prcdhraics uoh sarga eco asth sudgfh fa pasc.
Ao asta ehsc, taofréhics qua sudgr :,1 nj parc sckc sudgraics 6 nj (rafcofahofc) y
hohkgzhraics saoshegcoas.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HVAOEGÕO2
Asta tgpc fa hbustas as phrh hyufhrcs h erahr uoh scdraehrjh prcjrasgvh p
parc
arc ouoeh
fadaics fabhr fa hohkgzhr saoshegcoas, puafa qua ao
a o fatarigohfcs iciaotc
iciaotcss asta
tgpc fa sudgfhs saho parlaeths, puafa qua sa quafao ecrths c puafa qua sa phsao,
pcr akkc, kc iabcr sarè rajukhr
rajukhr ao dhsa vuastrhs saosheg
saoshegcoas.
coas.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
56
Fa ohfh ocs sgrva aotraohr eco uo cdbatgvc fa huiaothr kh ihsh iuseukhr sg oc kc heciphøhics
fa uoh hfaeuhfh hkgiaothegõo.
Pcr akkc cs maics lhegkgthfc uo hremgvc Axeak ao ak qua pcfrès ehkeukhr y icogtcrgzhr tu prcjrasc,
ao asta fceuiaotc oc vhics h axpkgehrta ak prcpgc Axeak pcrqua tgaoas fgspcogdka ak tutcrghk fak
igsic, vhics h raspcofar h khs prajuoths qua sajurhiaota sa ta phsao pcr kh ehdazh parc
hotas taoaics qua hpcrthrta uoh golcrihegõo iuy gipcrthota phrh pcfar cptgigzhr tu
outrgegõo.
8. ³XQÇ FADAU UHDAT HOVAU FA AIPARHT3
Ak prgoegphk cdbatgvc fa asta prcjrhih as ak fa huiaothr kh ihsh iuseukhr, phrh akkc
oaeasgthics erahr uo suparèvgt ehkõrgec, as faegr, gojargr iès ehkcréhs fa khs qua quaihics.
³Pcr quç3 Pcrqua ak prceasc fa erahr ihsh iuseukhr as iuy ecstcsc aoarjçtgehiaota mhdkhofc
y sg h ouastrc euarpc oc ka fhics kh aoarjéh sulgegaota (ehkcréhs), oc pcfrè erahr asth ihsh
iuseukhr cdbatgvc.
Ug gojargics khs igsihs ehkcréhs qua quaihics, ak dhkhoea oatc (ehkcréhs gojargfhs ― ehkcréhs
quaihfhs) as 9 0 pcr kc qua oc mhy ehkcréhs fgspcogdkas phrh erahr ihsh iuseukhr, oaeasgthics
qua asta dhkhoea oatc sah pcsgtgvc, pcr akkc
akk c eciaraics iès fa kc qua oaeasgthics
Parc cbc, oc tcfh khs ehkcréhs qua gojargics
gojarg ics vho fgraeths h huiaothr kh ihsh iuseukhr, hkjuohs
vho fastgohfhs hk sgstaih oarvgcsc, ctrhs h kcs taofcoas, ctrh phrta sa heuiukh ecic jrhsh…
‛Asparh, ³JTHUH3 ³MHU FGEMC JTHUH3’ Ué, jrhsh, baba. ‛³PATC \CW H JHOHT JTHUH3 ’ Ué ekhrc,
as phrta fak prceasc. ‛¡PATC WC OC XQGATC JHOHT OG QO JTHIC FA JTHUH! ’ Ug oc qugaras
jhohr og uo jrhic fa jrhsh vhs h khstrhr iuemésgic ak prceasc fa huiaothr kh ihsh iuseukhr y
51
oc erac qua qugarhs asthr 4 høcs trhdhbhofc furc phrh jhohr 4 nj fa ihsh iuseukhr y 800
jrhics fa jrhsh euhofc pcfréhs jhohr
j hohr ascs 4 nj ao euastgõo fa 5 iasas (fapaofgaofc fak ogvak)
y 8,1 nj fa jrhsh qua kuajc puafas qugthr ao euastgõo fa 6 saihohs hprcxgi
hprcxgihfhiaota
hfhiaota (fapaofa
fak rgtic fa dhbhfh). ³Oc tgaoa saotgfc khstrhr 40 iasas phrh jhohr 8,6 nj iaocs fa jrhsh y kh
igsih ihsh iuseukhr oc3 Asc as, oc tgaoa saotgfc, tao pcr sajurc qua hkjc fa jrhsh vhs h jhohr
parc as phrta fak prceasc, parc tcfc tgaoa su khfc pcsgtgvc, asthrès iès prctajgfc/h ecotrh ak
lréc (baba).
4. AUECJA HKGIAOVCU HFAEQHFCU.
HFAEQHFCU.
Ucics ecosegaotas fa qua euhkglgehr uo hkgiaotc ecic ‛hfaeuhfc’ c ‛oc hfaeuhfc’ as dhsthota
hrrgasjhfc puastc qua uo hkgiaotc sarè hfaeuhfc phrh uoh parscoh parc oc hfaeuhfc phrh
ctrh, tcfc fapaofa fak ecotaxtc parc oc quaraics fhrta uoh kgsth fa hkgiaotcs qua sa supcoa
qua sco hfaeuhfcs c oc hfaeuhfcs, quaraics aosaøhrta h gfaotglgehrkcs, as iuemc iès
gotarashota 
Hotas fa akkc, quaraics raspcofar h kh prajuoth qua ta astès mhegaofc ‛³parc sg sa supcoa qua
vcy h sudgr fa pasc, oc fh gjuhk ak hkgiaotc qua e cih3’ Ué y oc, sé pcrqua ‛igaotrhs ecihs
euhkqugar ecsh parc ihotaojhs uo suparèvgt ehkõrgec, jhohrès pasc parc oc pcrqua oc tcfcs kcs
hkgiaotcs ta hyufhrèo thotc h prcjrashr.
Aras kc qua ecias, kgtarhkiaota, kcs hkgiaotcs qua ecias sco kcs qua vhs h ushr phrh fhrka
aoarjéh h tu earadrc y paoshr, phrh pcfar raspgrhr y qua tu ecrhzõo khth, kcs ushrès phrh erahr
ouavhs eçkukhs y sg kh ihtargh prgih qua ka fhs h tu euarpc as fa ehkgfhf éolgih ecic puafao sar
kcs uktrhprceashfcs, kh ehkgfhf fa tu euarpc sarè éolgih…
Parc cya, shdaics qua fa vaz ao euhofc vhs h eciar asta tgpc fa hkgiaotcs, ocsctrcs thidgço
kc mheaics parc kc mheaics euhofc quaraics, pcfaics y eco ehdazh y asths sco khs
marrhigaoths qua ushics.
4.8. TAJKH FAK =0-40
Asth rajkh ocs fgeth qua iéogic ak =0% fa ouastrhs ehkcréhs fadao vaogr fa ecigfh rahk c duaocs
prceashfcs igaotrhs qua ak 40% rasthota (c iaocs, sg as pcsgdka) puafa vaogr fa prcfuetcs
uktrhprceashfcs.
5<
4.4. AUECJA HKGIAOVCU TGECU AO KCU FGLATAOVAU IHETCOQVTGAOVAU.
Qo paquaøc truec qua utgkgzhics phrh mhear fa kh ecigfh hkjc iès saoegkkc as asecjar luaotas
fa hkgiaotcs vhrghfhs y qua ehfh uoc sah rgec ao fglaraotas
fg laraotas ihercoutrgaotas, maics praphrhfc
uoh paquaøh kgsth eco hkjuocs fa akkcs fcofa cs maics ehkeukhfc kcs jrhics fa kcs fglaraotas
ihercoutrgaotas qua ecipcoao 800 ehkcréhs fa fgemc prcfuetc.
HKGIAOVC
A\CZMAW MUO UPCTVU
PAEMQJH FA PH\C
PAEMQJH FA PCKKC UGO
PGAK
EKHTHU FA MQA\C
VATOATH IHJTH
XQAUC LTAUEC DHVGFC
KCIC AIDQEMHFC
JAKHVGOH OAQVTH
JHIDHU
UAPGH
HVÒO
DCOGVC
PTCVAÉOH
HKGIAOVCU TGECU AO PTCVAÉOH
JTHICU PHTH
P
E
800NEHK
(x800nehks) (x800nehks)
50
48,1
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800
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HKGIAOVC
UHKIÕO
VATOATH
MQA\C JTHOFA
XQAUC
DHECO
BHIÕO UATTHOC
HKGIAOVC
LTQVCU UAECU
HEAGVAU
IHOVAXQGKKH FA
EHEHMQAVA
HJQHEHVA
JQHEHICKA
HEAGVQOHU
ECO MQAUC
MQAUC
EMCECKHVA OAJTC =1%
HKGIAOVC
HTTCR
PHUVH
PHVHVH
KAJQIDTAU
PHO FA DHTTH
PHO FA ICKFA
VCTVGVHU FA HTTCR
EATAHKAU
IQAUKG
MHTGOH FA HTTCR
ECPCU FA H\AOH
HKGIAOVCU TGECU AO PTCVAÉOH/JTHUH
PTCVAÉOH/JTHUH
JTHICU PHTH
P
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800NEHK
(x800nehks) (x800nehks)
:0
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HKGIAOVCU TGECU
EHTDCMGFTHVCU
JTHICU PHTH
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(x800nehks)
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Kaemujh, ehoõogjcs, drõeckg, papgoc, aspèrrhjcs
aspèrrhjcs,, eckglkcr, em
emhipgøcoas.
hipgøcoas.
HKGIAOVC
LTQVHU
JTHICU PHTH
P (x800nehks)
800NEHK
E
(x800nehks)
J
(x800nehks)
Pkèthoc, parh, ihozhoh, ngwg, shoféh, iakõo, ihojc, lrash, iakcectõo, phphyh, pgøh, egruakh, emgrgicyh…
5=
UQPKAIAOVHEGÕO
UQPKAIAOVH
EGÕO TAECIAOFHF
TAECIAOFHFH*
H*
*HIPKGHICU KH GOLCTIHEGÕO IÈU HFAKHOVA.
UQPKAIAOVC
EHTHEVATÉUVGEHU
Erahtgoh Icocmgfrhtc eco
sakkc Erahpura
Prctaéoh ao Pckvc
Ehlaéoh
Iakhtcogoh
Egtrukgoh Ihkhtc
Tahkgzhr 8 tcih fghrgh fa 5-1 jr (0,8jr/nj fa pasc ecrpcrhk)
Kgon fa eciprh. mttps2//dgt.ky/4LJpJxG
Ug ocs as fgléegk kkajhr hk tcthk fa prctaéoh fghrgc pcfaics mhear usc fa kh
prctaéoh ao pckvc. Vcihrkh faspuçs fa aotraohr.
Kgon fa eciprh. mttps2//dgt.ky/4QazoaZ
Ug oaeasgthics hkjc fa aoarjéh ao kcs aotraohigaotcs, pcfaics mhear usc fa kh
ehlaéoh. Vcihr fa 50-61‗ hotas fa aotraohr 8 phstgkkh fa 400ij c 400 ij fa
ehlaéoh ao pckvc. Oc tcihr sg aotraohics faspuçs fa khs < fa kh thrfa, puafa
eciprciatar ak suaøc.
KGON PHUVGKKH2 mttps2//dgt.ky/4VJaj0C
KGON AO PCK\C2 mttps2//dgt.ky/4BKa7nX
Ug taoaics prcdkaihs phrh fcrigr pcfaics mhear usc fa kh iakhtcogoh,
prcdhr eco fcsgs paquaøhs prgiarc, uoh phstgkkh.
Kgon fa eciprh2 mttps2//dgt.ky/4BCE6Xb
Ug ocs lhtgjhics iuemc ao ak aotraohigaotc, mhear usc fa kh egtrukgoh ihk
ihkhtc
htc
phrh fgsigougr kh lhtgjh.
Vcihr fa < ― = jr 8m hotas fa aotraohr
Kgon fa eciprh2 mttps2//dgt.ky/4Lu<HBK
Eco tcfcs astcs hkgiaotcs y uo pcec fa gihjgohegõo h kh mcrh fa ecegohr, ¡pcfaics mhear
ihrhvgkkhs!.
Cbc, asth kgsth sa mh rahkgzhfc phrh hjgkgzhr ak prceasc, oc sgjoglgeh qua sckc puafhs gojargr astcs
hkgiaotcs, puafas gojargr tcfcs kcs hkgiaotcs qua qugarhs sgaipra y euhofc sa hbusta h khs
k hs
ehkcréhs fghrghs y kcs ihercoutrgaotas astgpukhfcs phrh tu cdbatgvc.
4. ³EÕIC PQAFC KKA\HT KH EQAOVH FA IGU EHKCTÉHU3
Tahkiaota, kh iabcr ihoarh as pashofc kh ecigfh UGAIPTA HOVAU FA EQHKXQGAT VGPC FA
ECEGOHFC y hpuothofc fgemh ehotgfhf ao uoh fa khs hpps ecic LhtUaerat c IyLgtoassPhk,
ctrh cpegõo as mhearkc fa ihoarh vgsuhk.
Prgiarc vhics h aosaøhrta h ecothr ehkcréhs
ehkcré hs eco uoh fa asths hpp, ‛LhtUaerat’
PHUCU PHTH ECOVHT EHKCTÉHU ECO LHV UAETAV
8. Fasehrjh LhtUaerat. ‛Ecothfcr
‛Ecothfcr fa Ehkcréhs LhtUaerat’
57
4. Ecipkath tcfcs kcs
kcs phscs y rajgstrc mhsth kkkajhr
kajhr h asth photh
phothkkh.
kkh.
5. Kh hpp asthdkaea uocs % prafatarigohfcs phrh ehfh ihercoutrgaota (10 mgfrhtcs,
50 jrhshs y 40 prctaéohs) parc oc fadas mhear ehsc, phrh shdar khs gofgehegcoas, mhs
fa sajugr khs gofgehegcoas qua sa ta mho fhfc ao kh mcbh Axeak phrh ehkeukhr tus ehkcréhs.
Pcojhics qua fadas gojargr khs sgjugaotas ehkcréhs y ihercoutrgaotas2
EHKCTÉHU
5000 ehkcréhs
PTCVAÉOH
400 jrhics
MGFTHVCU
541 jrhics
JTHUHU
800 jrhics
60
6. Ecic pcfaics cdsarvhr, faotrc fa kh hpp
taoaics phrh goekugr kcs hkgiaotcs gojargfcs ao
Fashyuoc ― Ecigfh ― Eaoh ― Ctrcs. Ao kh ehtajcréh
ctrcs, vhics h goekugr hquakkcs hkgiaotcs qua
gojargics luarh fa khs tras ecigfhs prgoegphkas.
Vhidgço pcfaics goekugr ak abaregegc qua rahkgzhics,
parc fhfc qua kh astgihegõo fa nehks jh
jhsthfhs
sthfhs fg
fgsth
sth
iuemc fa kh rahkgfhf, oc kc ushraics.
1. \hics h goekugr uo hkgiaotc, pcr abaipkc, 10 jr
fa phvc ao kcoemh
kcoemhss ao a
akk fashyuoc y pcofraics
ao ak dusehfcr ‛phvc ao kcoemhs’
68
<. Hphraearèo vhrghs cpegcoas, fadaics gotaothr
asecjar hquakkh qua sa hsaiaba iès hk hkgiaotc qua
asthics ecigaofc, pcr abaipkc, sg astcy
a stcy ecigaofc
kh paemujh ao kcoemhs fa kh ihreh Mheaofhfc,
sakaeegcohrç ash.
:.
Ashkgiaotc,
mcrh fa pcoar,
asthicsfa
ecigaofc
asa
fcofaeuèotc
pcoa ‛pcregõo
800j’ fa
pcofraics 10jr, hutciètgehiaota,
hutciètgehiaota, tcfcs kcs vhkcras
vhkcras
fa ehkcréhs, prctaéohs y eciphøéh sa icfglgehrèo ao
dhsa h kh ehotgfhf fa hkgiaotc qua pcojhics. Phrh
juhrfhrkc, fadaics pukshr ak eéreukc qua sa
aoeuaotrh ao kh asqugoh supargcr faraemh (hphraearè
uo tgen varfa) y ka fhics h ‛Uhkvhr’, fcofa sa gofgeh
ao kh lctc eco ak raeuhfrc rcbc.
64
=. Hutciètgehiaota ocs kkavhrè h kh phothkkh fa gogegc y
varaics eõic sa mh høhfgfc asa hkgiaotc hk fashyuoc
eco sus raspaetgvcs jrhics fa jrhsh, ehrdcmgfrhtc
ehrdcmgfrhtcs,
s,
prctaéoh y ehkcréhs tcthkas.
tcthkas.
Fadaics gr hpuothofc kcs hkgiaotcs qua gojargics fa
ash ihoarh mhsth euipkgr kcs raquargigaotcs fa ehfh
féh kcs euhkas sa gofgeho ao ak rasuiao.
TAUPCOFAICU VQU PTAJQOVHU.
8. ³Kh astgihegõo qua ia fh kh thdkh Axeak as rahkiaota khs ehkcréhs qua
oaeasgtc3
Oc kc shdraics mhsth qua kc pcojhics ao prèetgeh, pcr akkc oaeasgthics qua furhota iéogic
86 féhs kkavas uoh euhotglgehegõo fa tu hkgiaothegõo kc iès praegsh pcsgdka, phrh akkc tgaoas hpps
hpp s
jrhtugths y fa lèegk ihoabc ecic sco IyLgtoassPhk c LhtUaerat (tgaoas uo tutcrghk scdra eõic
utgkgzhr LhtUaerat ao asta prcjrhih fa mgpartrclgh).
Kh lõriukh qua maics utgkgzhfc as kh prcpuasth ao ak kgdrc fa Makis y ecks (4087) parc as uoh
lõriukh, as uoh astgihegõo, sajurhiaota oc hegarta eco khs ehkcréhs oaeashrghs parc sé sa
hearqua h khs igsihs pcr akkc, vhics h aosaøhrta eõic hbusthr khs ehkcréhs uoh vaz phsa kcs 86
féhs y taojhs fhtcs sulgegaotas2
65
8. ECOVTCKH KHU EHKCTÉHU VCFCU KCU FÉHU W PÇUHVA VCFCU KCU FÉHU2
Kh gfah fa asta astufgc tho ecipkatc furhota kcs prgiarcs 86 féhs as taoar fhtcs sulgegaota ecic
phrh hfhpthr fa uoh ihoarh dhsthota alaetgvh ak prceasc fa aotraohigaotc,
ao traohigaotc, fadas hpuothr khs
ehkcréhs gojargfhs ehfh féh y ak pasc fa kcs igsics (puafas hpuothrkc ao ak prcpgc Axeak fa
hkgiaothegõo ao kh pasthøh ‛FGHTGC’).
4. LÉBHVA AO KH IAFGH FAK PAUC UAIHOHK W MHR KH IAFGH FA KHU EHKCTÉHU
GOJATGFHU.
Phrh pcfar gotarprathr kcs rasukthfcs fa kh ihoarh iès saoegkkh pcsgdka, fadaics lgbhrocs
prgiarc ao kh fglaraoegh fa kh iafgh saihohk. Kc qua dusehics eco astc as rafuegr khs
pcsgdgkgfhfas fa aqugvcehrocs, ecic cdsarvhrès, ak pasc vhréh dhsthota fa uo féh phrh ctrc y sg
sckc ocs pashics uoh vaz h kh
k h saihoh, kcs rasukthfcs puafao sar dhsthota ehthstrõlgecs.
Pcojhics qua ta pashs ak féh iès pashfc fa kh saihoh 8 (=0,7 nj) y pcr ehsuhkgfhf, ak féh qua
ta pashs ao kh saihoh 4 as ak féh qua iaocs mhs pashfc (:=,: nj) h prgcrg pcfréh phraear qua
mhs dhbhfc ak pasc y tu raspuasth sarè kh fa sudgr ehkcréhs, fhfc qua ak cdbatgvc as sudgr ak pasc
parc, sg mudgarhs ehkeukhfc kh iafgh fa khs fcs saihohs ta mhdréhs fhfc euaoth fa qua mhs
sudgfc fa pasc y oc taofréhs qua mhear ogojòo tgpc fa hfhpthegõo.
KQOAU
IHTVAU
IGÇTECKAU
BQA\AU
\GATOAU
UÈDHFC
FCIGOJC
=0,5
=0,7
:=,7
:7,5
:7,=
=0,8
:7,8
KQOAU
IHTVAU
IGÇTECKAU
BQA\AU
\GATOAU
UÈDHFC
FCIGOJC
=0,6
=8,8
=0,6
=0,8
:=,:
:7,1
=0,6
IAFGH UAIHOHK
:7,:<
IAFGH UAIHOHK
=0,0:
Tahkiaota, maics jhohfc 500 jrhics fa uoh saihoh h ctrh, huoqua kcs pascs mhyho sgfc
fglaraotas féh h féh.
Pcojhics qua astcs 500 jrhics qua maics jhohfc sco 800 jr iès
i ès h kh saihoh iès fa kcs qua
asthdho pkhoglgehfc ³rahkiaota vhka kh paoh mhear hkjòo tgpc fa hfhpthegõo3 Uajurhiaota oc,
as uo ihrjao tho dhbc qua sajurhiaota kh 5² saihoh ta hfhptas h asth gojasth fa ehkcréhs y
pgarfh ehphegfhf fa mhearta sudgr fa pasc.
66
Ctrc aseaohrgc as qua ao vaz fa jhoas 500 jrhics euhofc ak cdbatgvc arho 400, jhoas <00
euhofc ak cdbatgvc arho 400, hmé sé qua fadaics rahkgzhr uoh hfhpthegõo (parc gjuhkiaota
fabhréh uoh 5² saihoh fa hfhpthegõo fapaofgaofc fa tu sgtuhegõo, hmcrh khs axpkgehraics).
5. HFHPVH KHU EHKCTÉHU.
Ecic vaéhics, sg kh fglaraoegh as dhsthota ekhrh, fadaics rahkgzhr uoh hfhpthegõo, phrh akkc,
mhraics uoh iafgh fa khs ehkcréhs qua maics gojargfc h kc khrjc fa kcs 86 féhs, pcojhics qua
shkao 5800 ehkcréhs. Eco asths ehkcréhs maics jhohfc <00 j fa pasc, rahkiaota, kh egaoegh ocs
fgea qua phrh jhohr 100 j fa pasc, ak suparèvgt qua fadaics jaoarhr as fa hprcxgihfhiaota
5100 ehkcréhs pcr kc qua sg maics sudgfc <00 jrhics, hk mhear uoh rajkh fa 5, ocs fh qua ak
suparèvgt qua maics hpkgehfc saihohk arh fa 6400 ehkcréhs saihohkas y pcr aofa <00 ehkcréhs
fa iès hk féh.
Ak hbusta qua mhraics sarè ak sgjugaota, ehkeukhraics ak suparèvgt oaeashrgc phrh jhohr 400 j (kh
sudgfh fa pasc asthdkaegfh) qua ao asta ehsc, sarèo 8600 nehks saihohkas y pcr aofa 400 fghrghs.
Qoh vaz taoaics astcs fhtcs, rasthraics kh fglaraoegh fa ehkcréhs fa suparèvgt hotargcras y khs
astgihfhs ouavhiaota h khs ehkcréhs qua vaoéhics gojgrgaofc
g ojgrgaofc as faegr2
<00 ehkcréhs fa suparèvgt hotas ― 400 ehkcréhs astgihfhs 9 600 ehkcréhs fa fglaraoegh.
5800 ehkcréhs
e hkcréhs gojargfhs hotas ― 600 ehkcréhs fa fglaraoegh 9 4:00 ehkcréhs h gojargr phrh jhohr
400 j h kh saihoh hprcxgihfhiao
hprcxgihfhiaota.
ta.
6.*³AO XQÇ EHUCU OC TAHKGRHTAICU AUVC3
Ecic dgao eciaothdh hotas, mhy egartcs ehscs ao kcs qua as oaeashrgc asparhr uo pcec iès fa
tgaipc phrh cdsarvhr eõic hvhozh ak prceasc fa lcrih rahk. ³Pcr quç fa lcrih rahk3 Pcrqua
fapaofgaofc fa tu ecotaxtc, hk prgoegpgc kcs
k cs fhtcs sa puafao var hktarhfcs lèegkiaota.
Ug aras uoh parscoh safaothrgh, uoh parscoh qua ouoeh mh aotraohfc, qua mhea iuemc qua oc
aotraoh c qua oc kkavh uoh hkgiaothegõo shkufhdka puafa hlaethr h qua ak pasc vhréa dhsthota
furhota khs prgiarhs fcs saihohs mhsth qua sa ‛asthdgkgea’ y kcs fhtcs qua tcihics puafho
aipazhr h sar rahkiaota lghdkas, pcr asc, sg aras uoh parscoh eco hkjuoh fa asths ehrhetaréstgehs
y vas qua ak pasc oc raspcofa rahkiaota h khs astgihegcoas rahkgzhfhs (sgaipra y euhofc oc
saho rasukthfcs iuy axtraigsths) oc mhjhs ogojuoh hfhpthegõo mhsth kh 5² saihoh fak prcjrhih
fa aotraohigaotc.
61
5. ³Euèofc fadc sudgr khs ehkcréhs3
Ak lhetcr ao ak qua ocs vhics h lgbhr phrh sudgr khs ehkcréhs
ehkcré hs sarè prgoegphkiaota kh iafgh saihohk
y kh fglaraoegh aotra khs saihohs qua vhyhics prcjrashofc, euhofc khs ehkcréhs qua asthics
gojgrgaofc huiaotao kh igthf fak pasc fa kh saihoh (taoéhics prcjrhihfcs 500 jrhics parc
sckc maics sudgfc 810 jrhics), rahkgzhraics uoh sudgfh fa 800 hprcxgihfhiaota ehkcréhs
iès hk féh, phrh akkc, pcfaics sudgr 1 jrhics fa jrhsh y 80 j fa mgfrhtcs.
mg frhtcs.
6. ³Euèofc sudh ehkcréhs,
mgfrhtcs c fa khs jrhshs3
jrhshs3
ehkcréhs, fadc mhearkc fa kcs mgfrhtcs
Prgoegphkiaota sudgraics khs ehkcréhs fa kcs ehrdcmgfrhtcs yh qua, ao ak aotraohigaotc fa
luarzh sarèo kcs prgoegphkas aoehrjhfcs fa hpcrthrocs aoarjéh, cbc astc oc sgjoglgeh qua oc
pcfhics sudgr khs jrhshs, tcfc fapaofa fak ecotaxtc fa ehfh uoc.
Mhy parscohs qua hk eciar iuemcs mgfrhtcs khs fgjastgcoas sco iès pashfhs qua khs jrhshs, sa
sgaotao eco ihycr saoshegõo fa pashfaz c octho pacras saoshegcoas, ao asta ehsc, puafas sudgr
khs jrhshs parc gotaoth oc scdraphshr ak kéigta supargcr puastc ao 8,4 jrhics x nj fa pasc
ecrpcrhk (sg pashs 800 nj sckc pcfrès gojargr ecic iuemc 840 jrhics fa jrhsh).
Ouastrh raeciaofhegõo parscohk as qua euhofc mhjhs kh sudgfh fa ehkcréhs høhfhs uo pcec fa
ehfh uoc, pcr akkc høhfgics 1 j fa jrhshs (tgaoao 61 ehkcréhs) y 80 j fa mgfrhtcs fa ehrdcoc (60
ehkcréhs).
1. ³Puafc ra
rahkgzhr
hkgzhr prctceckcs fa hyuoc gotarigtaota3
Ué parc puafa qua oc sah kc iès algegaota sg ouastrc cdbatgvc as ak fa huiaothr kh ihsh
iuseukhr.
Hotas fa axpkgehr pcrquç fadaics aotaofar quç as ak hyuoc gotarigtaota, as uoh prèetgeh kh
euhk sa dhsh ao jaoarhr pargcfcs fa rastrgeegõo hkgiaotgegh sajugfh fa egartc pargcfc fa tgaipc
tg aipc
fcofa sa gojgarao tcfhs khs ehkcréhs oaeashrghs fak féh, pcr abaipkc, 8< m sgo gojargr hkgiaotcs,
sckc hjuh y hkgiaotcs qua oc ‛rcipho ak hyuoc’ sajugfc fa = mcrhs fcofa gojargics khs ehkcréhs
qua oaeasgthics. Ocrihkiaota, ak pargcfc fa hyuoc suaka ecgoegfgr eco khs mcrhs fa suaøc, fa
asth ihoarh, sa mhea iaocs pashfc y lhegkgth ak pargcfc fa gojasth.
³Pcr quç oc as kc iès algegaota3 Kh prgoegphk saøhk qua taoaics qua fhrka h ouastrc euarpc as
kh fa hohdckgzhr, as faegr, kh fa erahr ihsh iuseukhr, sg sckc ka fhics asth saøhk furhota = mcrhs
mhdrè egarth phrta fak féh fcofa ouastrc euarpc oc asta erahofc ouavc tabgfc.
6<
Ctrh kgigthegõo as kh fa kh shegafhf, sg sckc eciaics furhota = mcrhs y prataofaics iatar 5100
ehkcréhs ao 6 ecigfhs fa =:1 ehkcréhs ehfh uoh, sajurhiaota hehdaics pakaèofcocs eco kh
òktgih ecigfh c khs fcs òktgihs pcr oc taoar hpaohs mhidra, pcr akkc, ao pargcfcs fcofa kh
gojasth as dhsthota akavhfh, kc iabcr as aspheghr khs ecigfhs furhota iès tgaipc, phrh pcfar
kkajhr lèegkiaota h khs ehkcréhs oaeashrghs sgo taoar sgaipra kh saoshegõo fa shegafhf.
<. ³Euèoths ecigfhs taojc qua mhear h kc khrjc fak féh3
Oc mhy uoocsctrcs
oòiarctaaxhetc
phrh faegrta,
as ak aotra
oòiarc
fapaofa
fa ao
tu
ecotaxtc,
raeciaofhics
qua‛asta
ta iuavhs
5 ―parlaetc’,
< ecigfhs tcfc
fghrghs
ao khs qua
tcfhs, høhfhs uoh luaota fa prctaéoh qua sgaipra phsa fa kcs 40 j (sg ushs < ecigfhs) c 60 j (sg
ecias 5 vaeas hk féh).
:. ³W sg ecbc iuemh jrhsh3
Puafa qua ak puotc fasfa ak qua aipaeaics oc sah fak tcfc õptgic y h igthf fak prcjrhih
fadhics rahkgzhr uo paquaøc rahbusta phrh cptgigzhr kh jhohoegh fa ihsh iuseukhr trhs ak
hbusta, pcr akkc, yh asthics praphrhofc uo paquaøc prcjrhih fa 6 saihohs fa ra-hbusta
ecrpcrhk qua asthrè fgspcogdka iuy prcotc.
Parc quaraics fhrta vhrghs phuths phrh pcfar hbusthr tu % jrhsc fa ouavc kkajhfc asta puotc.
Phrh rahbusthr ak % jrhsc fadaics dhbhr hkjc fa pasc, as oaeashrgc. Pcr akkc fadaics dhbhr khs
ehkcréhs y asthr ao uo fçlgegt ehkõrgec
ehkõrg ec (eciar iaocs ehkcréhs fa kh
khss qua jhsthics) rakhtgvhiaota
ihrehfc.
Phrh akkc, fadas grta h kh mcbh Axeak qua praphrhics phrh pcfar hbusthr tus ehkcréhs y asecjar kh
cpegõo fa ‛IGOGEQV’ asth zcoh astè rahkgzhfh p hrh asta ehsc, ao akkh maics pkhotahfc uo 41%
fa fçlgegt ehkõrgec furhota 6 saihohs, maics huiaothfc kh prctaéoh (phrh ihotaoar kh ihsh
iuseukhr jhohfh), maics rafuegfc kh ehotgfhf fa mgfrhtcs y jrhshs (phrh pcfar erahr ak fçlgegt
ehkõrgec) y maics huiaothfc kh ehotgfhf fa rhegcoas fa lruth y varfurh (phrh huiaothr tus
ogvakas fa shegafhf).
³Fadc ehidghr ig aotraohigaotc furhota asta pargcfc fa tgaipc3
Uajurhiaota, furhota khs prgiarhs fcs saihohs oc taojhs prcdkaihs phrh tckarhr kh ehrjh fa
kcs aotraohigaotcs parc khs fcs òktgihs puafa qua sa ta mhjho hkjc pashfhs, sg as hsg tgaoas fcs
cpegcoas2
6:
8. Tafuea ak vckuiao fa aotraohigaotc
aotraohigaotc22
- Tafuegics uoh sarga ao tcfcs kcs jrupcs iuseukhras.
- Vao ao euaoth asta ouavc hbusta ao kh luturh prcjrasgõo fa ehrjhs.
4. Tafuea kh gotaosgfhf2
gotaosgfhf2
- Huiaoth 8-4 rapatgegcoas ao raeèihrh. Ug fadéhics mhear 5 x 1 (+4) rahkgzhraics 5 x 1 (+5-6)
(+5 -6)
- Huiaoth 4 rapatgegcoas. Ug fadéhics mhear 5 x 1 (+4) rahkgzhraics
rahk gzhraics 5 x : (+4)
³W trhs ak pargcfc fa ‛igogeut’ qua mhjc3
Kh saihoh sgjugaota hk igogeut, suda khs ehkcréhs h khs qua tcquao phrh sajugr sudgaofc pasc
(hbusth fgemhs ehkcréhs eco tus ouavcs fhtcs fa pasc ecrpcrhk) y h khs fcs saihohs, rahkgzh ak
prcjrhih fa aotraohigaotc sgo hpkgehr khs hfhpthegcoas fak prcpgc igogeut prgcrgzhofc dgao ak
fasehosc y kh raeuparhegõo.
=. ³As oaeashrgh kh supkaiaothegõo3
Oc.
Kh supkaiaothegõo OQOEH tgaoa qua sar kh dhsa fa tu hkg
hkgiaothegõo,
iaothegõo, ouoeh sarè oaeashrgh parc
sé puafa hyufhrocs h mhear ak ehigoc iès hiaoc, iès rèpgfc y eco ihycr lhegkgfhf.
Oc quaraics qua pgaosas ao asta lhetcr sg tcfhvéh oc mhs hpraofgfc h hkgiaothrta
ecrraethiaota y oc astès hpkgehofc khs phuths qua sa ta mho fhfc ao ak hphrthfc fa hkgiaotcs
y ecosabcs.
Mhy egartcs supkaiaotcs qua ta puafao hyufhr ao egartcs iciaotcs c sg astcs lhetcras ta
hlaetho.
Kc varès ao ak hremgvc fa supkaiaothegõo.
6=
AIPQBA MCTGRCOVHK
LKA]GCOAU OCTIHKAU C
HUGUVGFHU
PTAUU FA DHOEH ECO
IHOEQATOH
PTAUU FA DHOEH PKHOC
PTAUU GOEKGOHFC AO
IQKVGPCZAT
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9fm0WjkWSxXn
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9sUQSciju5G=
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9o:R<V<:dFQ6
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9NW5OTtz4WwQ
AIPQBA \ATVGEHK
PTAUU IGKGVHT AO
IÈXQGOH
PTAUU IGKGVHT QOGKHVATHK
ECO IHOEQATOH
PTAUU IGKGVHT ECO DHTTH
PTAUU KHOFIGOA
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9cKPryeH<]8=
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9GfuHepTI-:=
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9Q5v8Z<iygZQ
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9OIkbybfqFRn
PAEVCTHK
HGUKHIGAOVC PAEVCTHK
ETQEA FA PCKAHU
UAOVHFC
ETQEA FA PCKAHU FA PGA
HPATVQTHU
ECO
IHOEQATOH
HFQEEGCOAU ECO JCIH
LKA]GCOAU ECO LQATRH
GOVAOEGCOHK
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9jdQfwuwUCmI
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9eIPjrx-H=kw
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v94XTlhHOPpV=
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9o:F0izi7NyI
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9ptB\qicwPqI
FADAU VAOAT KH UAOUHEGÕO FA BQOVHT KHU
IHOCU AO VCFC ICIAOVC
VTHEEGCOAU \ATVGEHKAU
FCIGOHFHU OAQVTHU
FCIGOHFHU PTCOHU
BHKÕO HK PAEMC
mttps2//www.y
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/wht
cutuda.eci/whtem3v9fT=Bq5Iik
em3v9fT=Bq5Iik0A
0A
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9eOXhIc\GjjW
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9DWso7dKNEaG
67
VTHEEGÕO MCTGRCOVHK
TAIC JGTCOFH
TAIC ECO DHTTH
TAIC GO\ATVGFC
TAIC ECO IHOEQATOHU
TAIC QOGKHVATHK ECO
IHOEQATOH
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9Sl=LlCTk5C=
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9EvE4qKK=WRA
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9OxtGXXniKyA
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v90xqLdCGqPjA
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9Jmn<PH-tdGH
FCTUHK
HGUKHIGAOVC FCTUHK
PQKK GO PCKAH HKVH
BHKÕO QOGKHVATHK
PQKK C\AT DGKHVATHK
PQKK C\AT QOGKHVATHK
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9h=48BTn0:x=
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9JWftVCngdJ0
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9gh]Azxt8dzn
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v95qO-eVKAd5c
AIPQBA \ATVGEHK ÇOLHUGU EQÈFTGEAPU
UAOVHFGKKH LTCOVHK
PGO UXQHV
UAOVHFGKKH DÒKJHTH EQÈFTGEAPU
UAOVHFGKKH AO
IQKVGPCZAT
UAOVHFGKKH KHOFIGOA
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9<XBOnos\q5H
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v91XH=Zm5lEH6
UAOVHFGKKH VTHUATH
PAUC IQATVC UQIC
PAUC IQATVC
ECO\AOEGCOHK
UAOVHFGKKH DQKJHTH ―
JKÒVAC
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v94FwVDl:Ak\=
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9tAZxa<5l5I=
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9VK\DgE-4j6Q
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v94zBBjF6]=en
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9-ky:N:T0<Dj
ÇOLHUGU \ATVGEHK ÇOLHUGU JKÒVACU
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v94ctqQtjkT<e
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9fuAZp5S7Ivc
10
AIPQBA MCTGRCOVHK
MGP VMTQUV ECO
DHTTH
PQAOVA JKÒVAC ECO
DHTTH
MGP VMTQUV
QOGKHVATHK
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9pe5G=FCdWww
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9zlbkzv\=a\W
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9bJAMMvAtW<X
EQÈFTGEAPU
HGUKHIGAOVC EQÈFTGEAPU
A]VAOUGÕO FA
TCFGKKH AO IÈXQGOH
A]VAOUGÕO FA
TCFGKKH ECO JCIH
PTAOUH FA PGATOHU
QOGKHVATHK
UAOVHFGKKH UGUUW
UAOVHFGKKH UGUUW
HUGUVGFH
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9tTORSxeLID=
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9V1v\hNPckA6
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9ccQKRZ45ubW
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9Z6QD\ffRc1G
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v90iXortPLFNG
HGUKHIGAOVC JKÒVAC
LTCJ PQIC
ICOUVAT ZHKN
PHVHFH FA JKÒVAC
(véfac fa Ball Ogpphrf)
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v95RF0RW<NIR0
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9:]ExbTpqqC6
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9fBhSOl6zfgn&t956<s
GUXQGCUQTHK
HGUKHIGAOVC GUXQGCUQTHK
PAUC IQATVC
TQIHOC ECO
IHOEQATOHU
PAUC IQATVC
TQIHOC KHOFIGOA
LKA]GÕO FA TCFGKKH
VQIDHFC
LKA]GÕO FA TCFGKKH
UAOVHFC
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9lz]RDedHVMQ
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9uprLAnE5flj
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9RKBrmST-8lW
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9UP=MA0qR<CA
18
FAKVCGFAU PCUVATGCT
LHEA PQKK
PÈBHTCU ECO
IHOEQATOHU
(véfac fa Bcrja Ucrgh)
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9rDnyLDFFJBH
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9VdfBKd-41LH
FAKVCGFAU KHVATHK
AKA\HEGCOAU KHVATHKAU
ECO IHOEQATOHU
AKA\HEGCOAU KHVATHKAU
ECKJHFC
AKA\HEGCOAU KHVATHKAU
AO DHOEC GOEKGOHFC
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v95PtSL-8zjzA
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v9B-fSqRE:BM6
mttps2//www.ycutuda.eci/whtem3v91rxOPMJ<kJX
14
Ak trhdhbc fa ecra as phrta cpegcohk fak aotraohigaotc, sa mh cpthfc pcr goekugrkc ao kh phrta
cpegcohk fhfc qua kc ecipcoao jrupcs iuseukhras eco uo pctaoeghk fa fashrrckkc dhbc euyc
prcjrasc grè gipkéegtc ao euhkqugar aotraohigaotc huoqua oc sa utgkgeao abaregegcs qua kc
astgiukao fgraethiaota.
Astc ceurra pcrqua ao euhkqugar abaregegc, gipkgqua uoh c iuemhs hrtgeukhegcoas, ak ecra fada
hetgvhrsa y asthdgkgzhr hotas fa qua sa prcfuzeh ak icvgigaotc fa kh hrtgeukhegõo
hrtgeukheg õo prgoegphkiaota
gipkgehfh.
Pcr akkc, ak vckuiao oaeashrgc phrh astgiukhr y prcjrashr as fa 0 sargas fgraeths, pcrqua, sg
buothics kcs astéiukcs gofgraetcs, suparhics ak uid
uidrhk
rhk iéogic fa astgiukhegõo oaeashrgc phrh
jaoarhr hfhpthegcoas.
Parc, ³sg qugarc iabcrhr kcs hdfcigohkas eõic fadc rahkgzhr ak aotraohig
a otraohigaotc3
aotc3
Hprcxgihfhiaota fadarès rahkgzhr 8< ― 40 sargas saihohkas fgvgfgçofckhs ao 5-1 féhs h kh
saihoh.
Khs sargas fadarèo fa asthr aotra khs = ― 40 rapatgegcoas.
W, ³quç abaregegcs fadc rahkgzhr3
Phrh pcfar shehrka ak ièxgic phrtgfc h kcs aotraohigaotcs fadaics ecidgohr astéiukcs
astètgecs (gsciçtrgecs) y fgoèigecs (ecotrheegcoas ecoeçotrgehs y axeçotrgehs) pcr akkc, cs
hpcrthraics uoh kgsth fa abaregegcs qua puafao sar gotarashotas phrh goekugr.
AUVÈVGECU.
8. Pkhoemh hdfcigohk lrcothk.
4. Hd Zmaak.
15
5. Pkhoemh hdfcigohk khtarhk.
6. Phsac fak jrhobarc uogkhtarhk.
uogkhtarhk.
1. Dgargoj-Ucraosao Vast.
FGOÈIGECU.
8. Eruoem hdfcigohk/ao ièqugoh.
16
4. Eruoem govartgfc.
5. Lkaxgõo fa ehfarh eckjhfc.
6. Prass Phkkcl.
1. Axtaosgcoas fa ehfarh ao ièqugoh.
11
Phrh shehrka ak ihycr phrtgfc h astcs abaregegcs, fadaics fgstrgdugrkcs ecrraethiaota, phrh akkc,
ak <0-:0% fa khs sargas saihohkas khs rahkgzhraics ao abaregegcs fgoèigecs y ak 60-50% kc
fafgehraics h abaregegcs astètgecs.
PTCPQAUVH PTÈEVGEH
FÉH 8
8. Eruoem
hdfcigohk
govarsc
5 x 81
4. Phsa
fak
jrhobarc
uogkhtarhk
4 x 10i eco 40
nj
5. Axtaosgcoas
fa ehfarh ao
ièqugoh.
FÉH 4
FÉH 5
8. Axtaosgcoas
fa ehfarh ao
ièqugoh
8. Hd Zmaak
6 x 81
5 x 80
4. Prass phkkcl.
1 x 81
4. Phsa fak
jrhobarc
uogkhtarhk
4 x 50 i eco 50
nj
FÉH 6
8. Eruoem
hdfcigohk
5 x 81
4. DgargojUcraosao Vast
5 x 10’
4 x 40
1<