Theories and crime causation
Chapter 1
1. PHYSICAL POTENTIALITY- concrete body (one’s bodily development). Ability or skills to carry out
physical activities.
2. MENTAL ABILITY- capability to think critically, rationally and logically.
3. COMMUNICATION SKILLS- ability to read, write and talk to others.
4. SOCIAL SKILLS- ability to interact the society.
2 reasons why some can’t consider a human
1. It takes much time and effort to grow and reach potential. Not yet fully develop.
2. Some are not reach fully develop.
Responded to stimulus send to amygdala and that’s why making a fear, trigger anger.
The father of PSYCOANALYTIC THEORY- SIGMUND FREUD
3 LEVELS OF HUMAN AWARENESS
1. CONCIUOS (10%)- scanner
2. SUBCONCIOUS (50-60%)- storage need a quick recall
3. UNCONCIOUS (30-40%)- memories are past experience reside
NORMS
James Chris in his book SOCIAL CONTROL (2007) - behavior and guide to conduct.
Thorsten Sellin (1938)- acceptable to society or group to which individual belongs
Lisa Roundy (2013)- accepted behavior that an individual is in group, community and culture.
American Sociologies
William Graham Sumner in his books FOLK WAYS published in 1906
1.
2.
3.
4.
FOLK WAYS- socially approve but not morally significant
MORES- norms of morality that have to be followed
TABOO- prohibited or restricted like abortion
LAW- formal body of rules
ETHICS
“VALUES CANNOT BE TAUGHT BUT IT CAN BE CAUGHT”
VALUE
MAXIMO TORRENTO (2016)- is something desirable, worth process, worth keeping.
POLLOCK (2010)- is unverifiable, elements of desirability.
Ethics in
French- Ethique
Latin- Ethice
Greek- Ethike
Peter Singer (1985)- Ethics also called moral philosophy.
Moral – good and right
Immoral- wrong and bad
Amoral- either bad or good
Lesson 2
“Man is social being need to socialize to others”
Heredity- compose passing offspring
SELF HAS 2 FACES
Moi- sense of who he is, his body gender
Personne- concepts of what he is, “if you’re police then act like police”
CONCEPTS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR
PHILOSOPHICAL
Socrates- human behavior base on reasoning
Plato- human behavior forms 3 sources, desire, emotions and knowledge
Aristotle- rational conduct that a person can achieve happiness
PSYCOLOGICAL- independent autonomously
SOCIOLOGICAL- base on culture
CHAPTER 2
THEORY- BODY OF PRINCIPLES OFFERED TO EXPLAIN PHENOMENA
DEVELOPMENT OF THEORY- understand to us why certain phenomena are happening.
Three stages of theory development
1. Speculative- explain what is happening
2. Descriptive- gather data what is really happening
3. Constructive- revise old theory and develop new ones
How theory develop
1. Inductive reasoning- critic the lack of clarity
2. Deductive reasoning- critic no amount of imperial data
3. Abductive reasoning - overcome weakness,
Retroductive reasoning develop legitimate theory
HYPOTHESIS- Validated
Base on Meriam webster- hypothesis is a tentative assumption
 Retroduction theory
 Deduction explicates theory
 Induction evaluates theory
A.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
INDUCTIVE THEORY
RESERCH DESIGN
DATA COLLECTION
DATA ORDERING
DATA ANALYSIS
THEORY CONSTRUCTION
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
DEDUCTIVE THEORY
DEDUCING HYPHOTHESIS
FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS
TESTING HYPOTHESIS
EXAMINING THE OUTCOME
MODIFYING THEORY
C.
1.
2.
3.
4.
ABDUCTIVE THEORY
PHENOMENA DETECTION
THEORY GENERATION
THEORY DEVELOPMENT
THEORY APPRAISAL