Sensors
LDR
An LDR, or light-dependent resistor, is a device whose electrical
resistance decreases when exposed to light. It works on the principle
of photoconductivity, in which the material's conductivity increases
when light is absorbed by the material. When light falls on the
device, electrons in the valence band of the semiconductor material
are excited to the conduction band. The photons in the incident light
must have energy greater than the bandgap of the semiconductor
material in order to cause the electrons to jump from the valence
band to the conduction band
Solar radiation sensor (BPW34)
The BPW34 is a PIN photodiode that works by converting light
into an electric current. When light strikes the photodiode, it
generates electron-hole pairs in the depletion layer of the diode1.
The number of electron-hole pairs generated is proportional to the
intensity of the light. The electrons and holes are then separated by
the electric field in the depletion region, creating a flow of current.
The current generated by the photodiode is then measured and used
to determine the intensity of the light.
DS18B20 temperature sensor
The DS18B20 temperature sensor works on the principle of direct
conversion of temperature into a digital value. Its main feature is
to change its bit numbers according to the change in temperature
The DS18B20 communicates over a 1-Wire bus that requires only
one data line (and ground) for communication with a central
microprocessor2. After the DS18B20 carries out the field
temperature measurement, the measured data is sent to the
microprocessor. The temperature value is displayed after being
processed by the microprocessor3.
potentiometer
A rotary potentiometer is a type of variable resistor that can be used to
control the resistance, current, and voltage in a circuit to achieve a desired
output1. It is a three-terminal device that employs a resistive element and
a rotating contact to form an adjustable voltage divider2. If only two
terminals are used, one end of the element and the adjustable contact, it
acts as a variable resistor or rheostat.
Rotary potentiometers are commonly used for obtaining adjustable supply
voltage to a part of electronic circuits and electrical circuits
Limit switch
A limit switch is an electromechanical device that is operated by
the motion of a machine part or the presence of an object. It can
be used for controlling machinery as part of a control system, as
a safety interlock, or as a counter enumerating objects passing a
point1. Limit switches are used to automatically detect or sense
the presence of an object or to monitor and indicate whether the
movement limits of that object have been exceeded2. These
switches were originally used to define the limit of travel of an
object,
Arduino nano (Microcontroller ATMEGA328p)
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on
easy-to-use hardware and software. It is designed to make
electronics more accessible to hobbyists, artists, designers, and
anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments.
Arduino boards are able to read inputs from sensors, buttons, or
online sources, and turn them into outputs such as motors, LEDs.
Arduino has a large user community and a broad range of libraries
of codes. It is relatively inexpensive compared to other
microcontroller platforms.
Arduino works by using a microcontroller to interact with inputs
and outputs. The microcontroller can be programmed with the Arduino IDE, which is a software
that allows the user to write and upload code to the board. The user writes their own code in a
specific format and uploads the code directly onto the Arduino board. They also connect their
input and output devices and sensors. From that point onward, the Arduino board will run the
code every time it starts up until it is turned off.
Arduino is a versatile platform that can be used for a wide variety of projects. It is a great choice
for beginners because it is easy to use and there are many resources available online. Arduino is
also a popular choice for professional engineers and makers.
Power supply ( 36V )
A 36V power supply is a device that converts AC voltage to 36V
DC voltage. There are many different types of 36V power supplies
available, with varying output currents and power ratings.
These power supplies can be used for a variety of applications,
including powering LED lights, inkjet printers, laser engravers, and
more.
Voltage regulator (buck converter)
A voltage regulator is a device that maintains a constant
output voltage despite changes in the input voltage or load
conditions. A buck converter, also known as a step-down
converter, is a type of DC-DC converter that steps down
voltage from its input to its output while stepping up
current. It is a class of switched-mode power supply1. Buck
converters are much more power-efficient than linear
regulators, which lower voltages by dissipating power as
heat. The efficiency of buck converters can be very high,
often over 90%, making them useful for tasks such as
converting a computer’s main supply voltage down to
lower voltages needed by USB, DRAM, and the CPU.
Motor driver (BTS7960 - 43A)
A motor driver is an electronic circuit or integrated circuit (IC)
that controls the speed, direction, and torque of a motor. It acts as
an interface between a microcontroller or processor and the motor,
allowing the microcontroller to control the motor’s operation.
Motor drivers come in a variety of shapes and sizes, depending on
the type of motor and control required1.
Motor drivers are used to control different types of motors,
including DC motors, stepper motors, and brushless DC motors.
Motor drivers work by receiving low-voltage signals from the
microcontroller and using them to control the high-voltage power
supplied to the motor. This allows the microcontroller to control
the speed and direction of the motor.
Electric linear actuator
An electric linear actuator is a type of actuator that converts
rotational motion in motors into linear or straight push/pull
movements. They are ideal for all types of applications where
tilting, lifting, pulling or pushing with pounds of force are
required. Electric linear actuators are often the preferred solution
when you need simple, safe and clean movement with accurate
precision and smooth motion control1.
Electric linear actuators offer outstanding precision and
repeatability, making them the ideal solution to perform fast and
powerful linear movements with high precision and efficiency2.
They come in various speeds, stroke lengths, and capacities to fit
your unique application
LCD 16* 2 with I2C protocol
An LCD 16*2 is a liquid crystal display that can display 32 ASCII
characters across two rows. Each character is made up of a grid of 5
* 8 pixels1. The I2C protocol is a communication protocol that
allows multiple devices to communicate with each other over a
single wire. It is commonly used to connect sensors and other
devices to microcontrollers