11
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics – Grade 11
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Studying Anthropology, Political Science, and Sociology
Understanding Culture Society and Politics – Garde 11
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Cultural Variation, Social Differences and
Political Identities
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City
Development Team of the Self-Learning Module
Writer:
Crisanter N. Mendoza
Editor:
Reviewers:
Rufino Delos Santos
Illustrator:
Rhea L. Labesores
Layout Artist:
Crisanter N. Mendoza , Clifchard D. Valente
Management Team:
Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Education Program Supervisors
Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)
Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
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Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)
Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of
Pasig City
Understanding
Culture,Society and Politics
11
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 1
Cultural Variation, Social Differences
and Political Identities
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:
Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Grade 11 SelfLearning Module on Cultural Variation, Social Difference and Political
Identities!
This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and
reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.
This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:
Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Self-Learning
Module on Cultural Variation, Social Differences and Political Identities!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills
that you will learn after completing the module.
Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson
at hand.
Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts
and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.
Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.
Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.
Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and
application of the lesson.
Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the
lesson.
Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
EXPECTATIONS
In this lesson, the students are expected to:
a. Define cultural variation, social difference and political identities.
b. Determine examples of cultural variation, social difference and political
identities
c. Classify the activities of cultural variation, social difference and political
identity.
PRETEST
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. It refers to the rich diversity in social practices that different cultures exhibit
around the world.
a. cultural variation
b. social difference
c. political identities
d. social change
2. It is a situation where people are discriminated against on the basis of social,
economic, and racial inequality.
a. social change
b. cultural variation
c. social difference
d. political identities
3. It refers to a group affiliation and describes the ways in which being a member
might express specific political opinions and attitude.
a. social change
c. cultural variation
b. political identity
d. social difference
4. These are types of cultural variation except ________________
a. Gender
b. Family structure
c. Race
d. Love life
5. There are two types of family structure, one is nuclear, and the other
is____________
a. foster
b. adopted
c. extended
d. alienated
RECAP
CAN YOU REMEMBER IT?
Direction: On the table below, underline which word can be associated with the
word ANTHROPOLOGY. Then encircle the words related to SOCIOLOGY and box
the POLITICAL SCIENCE words.
Let’s start!
LESSON
CULTURAL VARIATION, SOCIAL DIFFERENCE AND POLITICAL
IDENTITY
Cultural variation refers to the rich diversity in social practices that different
cultures exhibit around the world. Cuisine and art all change from one culture to the
next, but so do gender roles, economic systems, and social hierarchy among any
number of other humanly organized behaviors. Cultural variation can be studied
across cultures.
People specifically students are not the same and alike. Their socio-economic
status, backgrounds, political beliefs cultural behaviors. Just like the saying goes
“Different strokes different folks”
Across the globe societies are different in forms and varies, this is because of
culture. Cultural Variation also refers to the differences in social behaviors that
different cultures exhibited around the world. And with the current New Normal,
another variation is on the horizon.
As a result of interacting by culture in both progressive and aggressive is due
to the evolution of those cultures being uninfluenced by one another. What may be
considered good etiquette in one culture may be considered an offensive gesture in
another. As this occurs constantly, cultures push each other to change. The
variations between humans are summarized in the ideas of natural selection and
evolution. Human variation is based on the principle that there is variation in traits
which is resulted by recombination of genes from sexual reproduction. These traits
are changeable and can be passed down generation to generation. It also relies on
differential reproduction, the idea that the environment can't support unlimited
population growth is because of the reason that not all individuals get to reproduce
to their full potential.
Table 1. primarily shows the examples of kinds of cultural variation (namely
ethnicity, religion and nationality) and its definitions
Table 1 : CULTURAL VARIATION
KINDS
Ethnicity
Religion
Nationality
DESCRIPTION
it is the expression of the set
of cultural ideas held by
indigenous people
Is a system of beliefs and
practices as well as system
of actions directed toward
entities which are above men
It is the legal relationship
that binds a person and a
country
EXAMPLE
Ilocano
Mangyan
Maranao
Christians
Moslems
Hindus
Filipinos
Malaysians
Indonesians
On the other hand, social difference is a situation where people felt
discriminated and there are also individuals on the basis of social
characteristics and qualities. Social difference can create discrimination
among individuals. For example, if in a society individual with a high status
are given more respects and importance as compared to the poor or homeless
people. Thus, social differences can create a lot of problems in society because
discrimination and prejudices always result in inequality inferiority complex
and others.
In Table 2, you can also determine the kinds of social differences. These
differences include those associated with gender, sexual orientation, age,
social class, religion, and ability. To give one example, social class continues
to persist as a significant difference within and between communities in a
world where poverty shows few signs of disappearing.
Table 2: SOCIAL DIFFERENCE
KINDS
Gender
DESCRIPTION
it is the socially constructed
characteristics of being male
or female
SocioIt refers to the category of
Economic
persons who have more or
Classes
less
the
same
socioeconomic privilege
Exceptionality It refers to the state of being
intellectually gifted and /or
EXAMPLE
Lesbian
Bisexual
Gay
High-income Class
Middle-income Class
Low-income class
Personality
Communication
having physically or mentally Intellect
challenge
Physical Appearance
Lastly, political identity is always associated with group affiliation and
describes the ways in which being a member of a certain group might express specific
political opinions and attitude. Like cultural variation and social difference, Various
factors constitute identity, it may include race, nationality where people live and a
person’s gender, sexuality, religion and socio- economic class.
Political identity as shown in Table 3 is about having political affiliations,
political benefits and loyalty as well.
Table 3: POLITICAL IDENTITY
KINDS
Political Party
partisan
affiliation
Political
loyalist
DESCRIPTION
benefit from partisan, seeks
to cultural partisan loyalty
including dynasties among
their member
signifies membership in a
group that defines a world
view and a core set of
common values
One who remains loyal
especially to a political cause
EXAMPLE
Liberal & Nacionalista
PRO
and ANTI
DDS. Marcos
dilawan
loyalist,
ACTIVITIES
LET’S SEE IF YOU UNDERSTAND!
Activity 1. Identify the meaning of the acronym LGBTQi
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
L__________________
G__________________
B__________________
T__________________
Q__________________
I___________________
Activity 2
Name at least 5 ethnic groups in the Philippines
1.____________________________________
2.____________________________________
3.____________________________________
4. ___________________________________
5. ___________________________________
Name at least 5 Religions/sects in the Philippines
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
WRAP-UP
WHAT DO YOU THINK!
Direction: After the discussion, what do you think about yourself? Let us
identify your personality by completing the sentence below.
Hi! I am (1.) ____________________ with an exceptional interest in (2.)
_______________. They say I’m (3.) __________________ but actually, my gender is
(4.) _________________. But I’m proud to say I belong to an ethnic group (5.)
_______________ even though we belong to a (6.)_______________ class of our
society. Despite of it, I am proud to be a (7.) __________________.
Now that we have understand a little about yourself. Let us now see
how well do you value your identity.
VALUING
AGREE OR DISAGREE!
Directions: Write or compose a short composition on “The Resilient Spirit of
a Filipino”. Do you agree or disagree that only Filipinos have that attitude in
facing problems like the COVID 19 pandemic? If disagree, expound why in
your composition.
__________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
POSTTEST
MATCHING TYPE
Directions: Match column A with column B. Write your answer on the space
provided before each number
A.
B.
_______1. Nationality
A. It is a system of beliefs and practices
_______2. Cultural variation
B. It is the expression of the set of
cultural
_______3. Ethnicity
C. It allows the state to protect a person
_______4. Religion
D. It refers to the category of persons
_______5. Socio-economic
E. It refers to the differences in
social behavior.
________6. Social difference
________7. Political identity
________8. Gender
________9. Affiliation
________10. Sexuality
F. It signifies membership in a group
that
defines a world view and a core set of
common values
G. It describes the ways in which being
a member of a certain group might
express specific political opinions
and attitude.
H. It is the socially constructed
characteristics of being male or
female
I. It is a situation where people are
discriminated against on the
basis of social, economic, and
racial inequality.
J. It refers to the quality or state of being
sexual
References
Book
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics The Padayon Series
Antonio P. Contreras, Arleigh Ross D. dela Cruz Phd
Phoenix Publishing House
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Mariano M. Ariola
Unlimited Books Library Services & Publishing House
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anthropology/Cultural_Anthro
pology/Book%3A_Cultural_Anthropology_(Wikibook)/3%3A_Anthropological
_Methods/3.1%3A_Human_Cultural_Variation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_variation