Hypertension Meds Cheat Sheet by lizzie.heisler via cheatography.com/87944/cs/20585/ Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Calcium Channel Blockers Diuretics (cont) Diuretics Examples: Diltiazem (Cardizem Side effects: fluid Adverse Potassium Aldosterone Examples Cozaar (Losarten) SR) Nifedipine (Procardia, and E- rxn: Fluid Sparing Receptor Atacand (Candesarten) Diovan Procardia XL, Adalat) Nicard‐ imbalance, and electr‐ (Valsartan) ipine (Cardene) Verapamil volume depletion, olyte MOA: Prevent action of A-II and (Isoptin, Calan, Calan SR) metabolic imbalances. produce vasodilation and Amlodipine (Norvasc) alkalosis. Vertigo, Ototoxicity, increased salt and water Mechanism of action: Blocks headache, vertigo, excretion movement of calcium into cells weakness. Metabolic: Side effects Hyperkalemia Vasodilatation, ↓ SVR, ↓ Anorexia, N/V, hyperurec‐ constipation, emia, pancreatitis, hyperglyc‐ sexual dysfun‐ emia, inc. ction, photosens‐ LDL and itivity, decreased triglycerides glucose tolerance and dec. Impaired renal function contractility, ↓ HR Drug Interactions: None listed Side Effects: Bradycardia, 1st Nursing Implications Monitor b/p and heart rate Full effect may take 3-6 weeks Watch for hyperkalemia and renal dysfun‐ ction degree AV heart block, nausea, headache, dizziness, peripheral edema, flushing, rash gingival hyperplasia, and constipation with verapamil. Adverse drug Interactions: Patient Education Screening B/P measurement Cardiovascular risk factors Therapeutic regime Lifestyle modification Medication adherence Cautious use in patients with heart failure. Contraindicated in patients with 2nd and 3rd degree heart block. Avoid grapefruit juice Watch for bradycardia, first degree heart block Nursing Management Assessment History and physical exam BP measurement Nursing Diagnoses Ineffective health maintenance Anxiety Sexual dysfunction Goals Lower BP and enhance patient compliance Interventions Early identification of medication side effects or complications Patient and family education Diuretics HDL Drug Interactions: Drug Potentiate digoxin Intera‐ NSAIDS may ctions: decrease diuretic None listed and antihyper‐ tensive effect Nursing Consid‐ Nursing erations: Monitor Intervent‐ VS , orthostatic ions: hypotension, Monitor Monitor for fluid and E imbalances Thiazide Loop hypokalemia. MOA: Inhibit MOA: Teach about NaCL reabso‐ Inhibits rption in distal NaCl tubules. Initial reabso‐ decrease in ECF rption in the and sustained ascending decrease in SVR. limb of loop Lowers B/P over of Henle, 2 -4 weeks. Increase supplementation with K+ rich foods Blockers MOA: MOA: inhibits Reduce K+ Na+ retaining and Na+ and K+ excreting exchange effects of aldost‐ distal and erone in distal collecting and collecting tubules tubules ( K+ reduce sparing) excretion of K+, H+, Ca+ and Mg+ Amiloride‐ Spirolactone(Al‐ (Midamor dactone Side effects: Side effects: Hyperk‐ Hyperkalemia, alemia: N/V, gynecomastia, diarrhea, leg erectile dysfun‐ cramps, ction menstrual dizziness, irregularity Tall t waves Drug intera‐ Drug Intera‐ ctions: ctions: Do not Caution in combine with K+ pts on ACE sparing diuretics inhibitors or supplements, and Angiot‐ cautious use ensin II with ACE blockers Inhibitors or avoid angiotensin II potassium blockers supplements excretion Evaluation Achieve and maintain goal BP Understand, accept, and implement therapeutic plan Experience minimal or no side effects NaCl. Chlorothiazide Furose‐ (Diuril), hydroc‐ mide( hlorothiazide Lasix), (Microzide) bumetanid‐ e(Bumex) By lizzie.heisler Published 21st September, 2019. Sponsored by ApolloPad.com cheatography.com/lizzie- Last updated 21st September, 2019. Everyone has a novel in them. Finish heisler/ Page 1 of 2. Yours! https://apollopad.com Hypertension Meds Cheat Sheet by lizzie.heisler via cheatography.com/87944/cs/20585/ Diuretics (cont) ACE Inhibitors (cont) Hypertensive Crisis Nursing Intervent‐ NursNu‐ Mechanism of action: Inhibits Sudden, severe increase in ions: monitor for rsing angiotensin-converting enzyme diastolic BP orthostatic Intera‐ Decreases vasoconstriction and hypotension, ctions: water retention Clinical manifestations: Hypert‐ contraindicated in monitor for pts with renal orthostatic Side Effects: Cough: 1/3 will insufficiency Cardiac decomp‐ failure and hypote‐ develop Hypotension, Dizziness, ensation Neurologic cautious use in nsion and headache, vertigo Angioedema compromise pts on ACE hyperkale‐ Photosensitivity Abdominal pain, Hypertensive Crisis: Nursing-C‐ inhibitors and mia.ing Angiotensin II Intervent‐ blockers. Avoid ions: K+ supplements Monitor fluid and E imbalances Direct Vasodilators Examples: Hydralazine (Apres‐ oline) Minoxidil (Loniten) Sodium nitropurusside (Nipride) Mechanism of action: Relax vascular smooth muscle Decrease SVR Often given IV for hypertensive crisis Side Effects: Reflex tachycardia, nausea, flushing, headache, hypotension Nursing Interventions: Monitor for hypotension and tachycardia ACE Inhibitors loss of taste Hyperkalemia: inhibits aldosterone Drug Interactions: Diuretics enhance effect NSAIDS and ASA may reduce effect Hospitalization IV antihyper‐ tensive drugs Intensive monitoring Invasive blood pressure monitoring Frequent physical assessments blood pressure Monitor serum Treatment guided by MAP Use potassium Monitor renal function caution not to decrease BP too Antacids may decrease fast! absorption Types of Medications Beta Blockers Diuretics Beta Blockers “-olol” Beta-Blockers Metropolol(Lopressor), propan‐ Calcium Channel Blockers olol(Inderal), carvediol(Coreg) Mechanism of action: Block beta receptor sites which are responsive to epinephrine and ACE Inhibitors ARBs Vasodilators norepinephrine.. Side Effects Hypotension Headache Fatigue Peripheral edema Erectile dysfunction Diabetics : may mask hypogl‐ ycemia Asthma: symptoms to monitor for Examples: Captopril (Capoten) Nursing Implications Monitor Enalapril (Vasotec) Lisinopril heart rate and blood pressure (Zestril, Prinivil) Ramipril Monitor for symptoms of HF Quinapril (Accupril) ollaborative Management Nursing Implications Monitor "pril" (Altace) Benazepril (Lotensin) ensive encephalopathy Renal Drug Interactions: cautious use with diabetics and asthma patients Nursing Interactions: Monitor pulse and BP regularly. IV administration short onset and duration By lizzie.heisler Published 21st September, 2019. Sponsored by ApolloPad.com cheatography.com/lizzie- Last updated 21st September, 2019. Everyone has a novel in them. Finish heisler/ Page 2 of 2. Yours! https://apollopad.com
