Basic science
Nephrology fellow R4 Chiu, Yuhuan
Kidney function
• Control of water balance
• Control of electrolyte balance
• Excretion of water-soluble waste
• Control of acid-base balance
• Control of blood pressure (water, electrolyte, renin)
• The production of active vitamin D (action of 1𝞪-hydroxylase)
 control of calcium-phosphate metabolism
• The production of erythropoietin  control of Hb level
Anatomy
Physiology
 Site of action of carbonic anhydrase
inhibitors, e.g. acetazolamide
 Site of action of loop diuretics, e.g.
furosemide. Inhibition of
Na+K+2Cl– co-transporter
 Site of action of thiazide diuretics,
e.g. bendroflumethazide. Inhibition
of Na+Cl– synporter
 Site of action of potassium sparing
diuretics, e.g. spironolactone.
Inhibits the binding of aldosterone
to its cytoplasmic receptor
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Erythropoietin production
produced by peritubular cells
↓when GFR falls to <50 mL/min
exacerbated by reduced Iron intake