Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
2nd Semester / AY. 2019-2020
LEARNING MODULE
P1- 100 Life and Works of Rizal
Prepared by:
Ms. Cristina G. Manicad, BSA, Llb.
Part‐time Faculty
College of Arts and Sciences
LESSON
1
RIZAL: A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
a. Recognize the law provided for in the study of the life of our National Hero
b. Being able to have a glimpse of the past in the context by Dr. Jose P. Rizal.
c. Convey ideas through oral, audio-visual, and/or web-based presentations for the target audiences in
local and global settings;
d. Recreate in their young minds how a National Hero was born.
Republic Act 1425 or Rizal Law
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Senator Claro M. Recto was the main proponent of the Rizal Bill.
Catholic Church claimed that it would violate freedom of conscience and religion.
Catholic Bishops conference of the Philippines (CBCP) “Such bill is a violation of 1939 Canon Law
which prohibits books that attacks the Catholic Doctrine and practices.
Among the 333 pages of Noli Me Tangere, 25 of the passages are nationalistic while 120 are anti-Catholic.
•AGAINST: Catholic Action of the Philippines, the Congregation of the Mission, the Knights of Columbus,
and the Catholic Teachers Guild.
•PRO: Veteranos de la Revolucion (Spirit of 1896), Alagad in Rizal, the Freemasons, and the Knights of
Rizal
•Senate Committee on Education sponsored a bill co-written by both José P. Laurel and Recto, with the only
opposition coming from Francisco Soc Rodrigo, Mariano Jesús Cuenco, and Decoroso Rosales.
Catholic schools threatened to close down if the bill was passed; Recto countered that if that happened, the
schools would be nationalized.
May 12, 1956, a compromise inserted by Committee on Education chairman Laurel that accommodated the
objections of the Catholic Church was approved unanimously.
Importance of Studying RA 1425
1. To rededicate the lives of youth to the ideals of freedom and nationalism
2. To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting his life and works in shaping the Filipino character.
3. To gain an inspiring source of patriotism through the study of Rizal’s life, works and writings.
Rizal as an American Sponsored Hero
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It was in 1901 when William Howard Taft proposed Rizal as our National Hero because:
Rizal was already dead by the time the Americans colonized the Philippines.
He did not make any negative or embarrassing remarks of anti-American quotations.
Martyrdom of Dr. Jose Rizal was a symbol of Spanish oppression.
He urged reform from within by publicity.
Rizal as Pioneer Asian Nationalist Leader
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The worth and dignity of the individual;
The inviolability of human rights;
The innate equality of all men and races;
The necessity for constitutional government;
Due process of law;
Popular sovereignty as the basis of all political authority,
Faith in human reason and enlightenment;
The rights of the masses to public education; and
Belief in social progress through freedom.
The Biographical Sketch of Dr. Jose P. Rizal
Jose Rizal was born on Wednesday, June 19, 1861 between eleven to twelve midnight in Calamba Laguna.
His birth would have caused his mother’s life had she has not vowed to the Virgin of Antipolo that would
take him on a pilgrimage of the shrine.
He was baptized at a Catholic Church of Calamba when he was 3 days old by Rev. Rufino Collantes who is
a closed family friend and at the same time stood as his godfather. I was noted by Rev. Collantes that the
new baby has a big head and advised the family to take care of this child as he was destined to become a
great person. Which proved to be prophetic and later explicitly confirmed by subsequent events.
Rizal’s Life: Family, Childhood, Early Education
The Mercado - Rizal Family
•
The Rizals are considered as one of the biggest families during their time. Domingo Lam-co, the
family's paternal ascendant was a full-blooded Chinese who came to the Philippines from Amoy,
China in the closing years of the 17th century and married a Chinese half-breed by the name of Ines
de la Rosa.
•
Researchers revealed that the Mercado-Rizal family had also traces of Japanese, Spanish, Malay and
Even Negrito blood aside from Chinese.
•
Jose Rizal came from a 13-member family consisting of his parents, Francisco Mercado II and
Teodora Alonso Realonda, and nine sisters and one brother.
👪 Rizal Family
Teodora Alonso
Francisco Mercado
1. Saturnina
2. Paciano
1850-1913
3. Narcisa
1851-1930
4. Olympia
5. Lucia
6. Maria
7. Jose
8. Concepcion
9. Josefa
10. Trinidad
11. Soledad
SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913)
Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage.
Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas.
PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930)
Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child.
Studied at San Jose College in Manila; became a farmer and later a general of the Philippine Revolution.
He was a second father to his younger brother Jose and gave him wise counsel. People who knew him
opined that he was the filosopo Tayo in Noli Me Tangere. Immediately after the hero’s execution, He
joined the General Aguinaldo’s revolutionary army where he rose to the rank of Major General. He returned
to Los Baños after the restoration of peace and order and led the life of a simple farmer and exemplary
citizen. In 1930 he died almost unwept, unhonored and unsung and was buried in Manila.
NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939)
The third child. Married Antonio Lopez at
Morong, Rizal; a teacher and musician
OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887)
The fourth child.
Married Silvestre Ubaldo; died in 1887 from childbirth.
LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919)
The fifth child. Married Matriano Herbosa.
MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945)
The sixth child.
Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.
JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896)
The second son and the seventh child.
He was executed by the Spaniards on December 30,1896.
CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-1865)
The eight child. Died at the age of three.
JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945)
The ninth child. An epileptic, died a spinster.
TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951)
The tenth child. Died a spinster and the last of the family to die.
SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929)
The youngest child married Pantaleon Quintero.
The life of Rizal like other young Filipino boys had a lot of pleasant and beautiful memories to reckon
during his childhood days in Calamba. He grew up in a home environment characterized by joy and
contentment. His birthplace was an ideal place for artists, poets and budding writers. This is Calamba, a
perfect place to nurture a growing child that holds promise that eventually became the “cradle of a genius”.
Mercado family was living a simple and happy life. Mang Kikoy and Aling Lolay loved their children
wherein they taught their children to give respect and show obedience to their elders and also taught to
address elder sister politely with “Senora” and their brothers with “Senor” (Zaide & Zaide, 2008).
Jose grew up in a two-story house in which the first floor was built of stone.
On the ground floor was his mother’s little store and also have a Camarin, where rice and sugar were kept.
The family resided on the second floor made out of concrete and wood. Here were the living room,
bedrooms, and kitchen, bathroom and toilet facilities.
The favorite dish of Jose was Carne Asada or beef steak accompanied by a delicious sauce. He also loved
champorado and the children were well fed of a mixture of ordinary and exquisite dishes at the time. (Sta.
Maria, 2012).
The house had a private library which consisted books of more than 1000 volumes. It had a grand veranda
called azotea, from their children used to watch the people passing by the streets below, and in that very
place many stories had been told by either their mother or their aya. They told of many enchanting tales,
fascinating legends and fantastic stories. (Zaide & Zaide, 2008).
The Town that Inspires a Hero
Calamba was located in the midst of a rich agricultural region in Laguna, the Lake province of Luzon.It
enclosed between the vast Laguna de Bay and the enchanted Mt. Makiling. The Dominican friars virtually
owned the town of Calamba and haciendas at the time, where non-Spanish families were only renting the
lands and they were subject to pay taxes, mostly excessive, in money or kind (Constantino, 2005).
This sytem is known by encomienda. Jose captured by the striking impression of their town, and from there
he developed his powerful senses dedicated to poetry and visual arts. He revealed his heart in the poem
entitled “Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo” (In Memory Of my Town).
Jose was designed by nature to be an artist. It was revealed before he was five years of age, where his
parents including his uncles recognized this exceptional talent and give him all the encouragement. (Zaide &
Zaide, 2008).
Uncle Jose Alberto, a fine artist himself, helps him to developed innate gift of arts.
Uncle Gregorio, a tireless reader, often lectured the eager child on the foundations of success and learns 20
languages in his later life.
Uncle Manuel, a sports and fitness enthusiast, encourage him to frail his body by way of athletic drills,
martial arts and physical exercises.
Rizal’s Early Education
Rizal’s mother was his first teacher. He learned the alphabet and the prayers at the age of 3.
Rizal wrote in his student memoirs, “My mother, taught me how to read and say haltingly the humble
prayers which I raised fervently to God. His mother told him about the Parable of the Moth and encouraged
him to write poems. At the age of eight he wrote his first poem which symbolizes his love for the national
language and encourages his countrymen to do the same.
SA AKING MGA KABATA
Kapagka ang baya’y sadyang umiibig
Sa kanyang salitang kaloob ng langit,
sanlang Kalayaan nasa ring masapit
katulad ng ibong nasa himpapawid.
Pagkat ang salita’y isang kahatulan
Sa bayan, sa nayo’t mga kaharian
At ang isang tao’y katulad kabagay
Ng alin mang likha noong Kalayaan
Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita
Mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda ,
Kaya ang marapat pagyaamanin kusa
Tulad ng inang tunay na nagpala.
Ang wikang tagalog tulad din sa latin,
Sa ingles, kastila at salitang anghel
Sa pagkat ang Poong maalam tumingin
Ang syang nag-gawad, nag- bigay sa atin.
Ang salita natin tulad din sa iba
Na may alfabeto at sariling letra,
Na akaya nawala’y dinatnan ng sigwa
Ang lunday sa lawa noong dakong una.
His parents employed private, tutors to give him lessons at home. Maestro Celestino and Maestro Lucas
Padua, Leon Monroy. He was sent to a school for boys in the town of Biñan, where his uncle Jose Alberto
was residing. Señor Justiniano Aquino Cruz- strict practitioner of pounding knowledge not only into the eye
and ear, but also the palm.
“I used to win in the competitions, for nobody happened to be better than I. Of these succeses I made
the most. Despite the reputation I had of being a good boy, rare were the days when the teacher did
not call me up to receive five or six blows on the hand… how it hurt!”
Jose went home after a few months. He left Biñan for the Christmas vacation in 1871. His education was
determined to continue in Manila when injustice occurred in his young, happy life.
His mother was thrown to prison. The charge was that she had conspired with her brother, Alberto, to kill his
wife, who had separated from him.
Precedents Event to the Ignatian Life
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6.
Paciano, Rizal’s brother was studying at Colegio de San Jose under tutelage of Fr. Jose Burgos
Cavite mutiny took place on January 20,1872 led by Sergeant La Madrid.
GOMBURZA Execution February 17, 1872
The arrest of is mother
Rizal took and passed the entrance test in Letran
Rizal matriculated in Ateneo on June 10, 1872.
Studies in Biñan📖
Paciano brought Rizal to Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz. Jose met the bully, Pedro, and challenged him to
a fight. Classmate named Andes Saladanan challenged him to an arm-wrestling match. Jose spent many
hours at Juancho’s studio. He transcended every Biñan boy in Spanish, Latin and other subjects. His stay in
Binan was a remarkable one. He excelled in all his subjects especially in Latin and Spanish languages and
because of this it was not surprising that some of his older classmates became jealous of him. He stayed in
Binan for one and a half year and his teacher wrote a letter to his parents telling that, Jose has learned
everything and he needs to go to college in Manila.
ASSESSMENT TASKS
Instructions: Please answer the questions provided for in each box. Quiz # 1 . 20 points
Enumerate the children of
Francisco Mercado Rizal and
Teodora Alonzo and their timeline
What is the importance of
studying RA 1425
Described Rizal as An Asian
Nationalist Leader
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Quiz # 2
Instructions: Memorize the poem of Rizal when he was only 8 years old entitled “Sa Aking Mga Kabata”,
and recite in class. 100%
An appreciation plaque will be given to the best interpreter of the poem.
Criteria for judging:
Clarity of the Voice and Diction
Audience Impact
75%
25%
Quiz # 3
Instructions: In an essay form, describe the childhood memories of Jose Rizal 100%
LESSON 2
RIZAL’S ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
a. Understand the struggles of Rizal during his academic years in the Manila far from his family and
mother.
b. Develop self confidence despite the many challenges he encountered as a Filipino in an environment
being run by the Spaniards.
c. Inculcate to the minds of the students that life is not an easy road and they need to be as tough as they
can be having Rizal as an example.
d. Value hard works and immerse from being a minority to become the best person that he can be as
exemplified in the life of Rizal as a student..
Four months after the execution of the three martyr priest, and Donya Teodora still in prison, Rizal was
being sent off to Manila to further pursue his study under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits, Ateneo de
Manila.
It was formerly called Escuela Pia, a school established for poor boys in 1817. He took he entrance
examination on June 10, 1872, He used the name “Rizal” as his surname instead of Mercado, boarded in
Caraballo street outside of Intramuros with Aling Titay as her landlady.
Summer of 1873
It was March 1873 when Rizal returned to Calamba to have his summer vacation. His sister Neneg (
Saturnina) brought him to Tanawan to cheer him up. He also visited his mother in prison without the
knowledge of his father. After his vacation he returned to Manila for his second year in college and boarded
inside the Intramuros.
His second year in Ateneo was more fruitful one. He spent most his time reading different interesting books
and magazines such as “The Count of Monte Cristo”, Univeral History and Travels to the Philippines.
June 1876 was Rizal’s last year in Ateneo, he is truly the “Pride of the Jesuits” having excelled in all his
subjects He graduated BACHELOR OF ARTS with highest honors.
Rizal also has written several poems during his Ateneo days such as Mi Primera Inspiration ( My First
Inspiration), El Heroism de Colon ( The Heroism of Colombus), Colon Y Juan II, Gran Consuelo en la
Mayor Desdicha and Un Diarogo Alusivo a la Despedidade Los Colegiales
Summary of Rizal’s scholastic records
Land Surveying and Assessment- March 14, 1877, with honours and sobresaliente
Took and passed a licensure exam in 1878 but was not given a license until 1881
In 1878, he enrolled for a degree in Philosophy at University of Santo Tomas
Took medicine and specialized in opthalmology
Rizal’s First Romance
It was the first romance of our national hero and at the same time the first heartbreak at the age of sixteen.
Their love story did not flourish because of Rizal’s shyness and reserve. It was to late for him to know that
Segunda was already engaged to Manuel Luz and later got married.
RIZAL’S STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF STO. TOMAS (1877-1882)
After his graduation in Ateneo, his father wanted him to pursue higher education believing that great future
that awaited his son whose intelligence was among the best during his time. Despite the disapproval of his
mother Rizal continue to study in University of Sto. Tomas. He took up a vocational course leading to the
title of “peito agrimensor” {expert surveyor}with the grade of “Excellent” but was not given the title as he
was only 17 years old then.
He finally decided to take up medicine with the advice of Fr. Pablo Ramon, the Director of Ateneo de
Manila with the intention and desire to cure Doña Teodora’s failing eyesight.
Rizal’s first encounter of Spanish brutality happens in one summer vacation. It was night time and he was
walking when a guardia civil happens to pass by his side. Without him noticing that those were Guardia
Civil he did not bow his head and greeted them. At a striking distance the civil guards hit him with stingray
tail (buntot pagi) at the back and suffered for two weeks. He cannot accept such treatment and when
consulted by then Captain Primo De Rivera, rizal was even reprimanded and should be thankful that he is
still alive.
He continued his study at UST and later on graduated with high scholastic records. He also have done
several artistic works during his stay in UST.
LITERARY WORKS IN UST
1. 1879 A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth) It was Rizal’s winning masterpiece which he
submitted in the Literary contest held in LIceo Artistico Literario of Manila.
2. El Consejo De Los Dioses (The Council of Gods). Another literary contes by the Liceo to
commemorate the death of of Miguel Cervantes, the author of Don Quixote. Rizal won the first prize
and the priza was a gold ring bearing the engraved bus of Cervantes. But his certificate was
conferred 2nd place upon knowing that the author was a Filipino decide to give the first prize to a
fellow Spanish.
OTHER WORKS
1. Abd-el-Azis Y Mahoma- a poem composed by Rizal for Manuel Fernandez and which declaimed by
the latter on the nigh of December 7, 1879;
2. Junta Al Pasig- A drama played by Ateneans on the occasion of Feast of Immaculate Concepcion on
Decemebr 8, 1880;
3. A Filipinas- a sonnet written in 1880 to praise the beauty of the Philippines and encourage fellow
Filipinos artists to glorify the Philippines through their artworks;
4. Al M.R.P.Pablo Ramon Recto del Ateneo, en Sus Dias A poem he wrote for Fr. Ramon Recto who
has been so kind and helpful to him.
ASSESSMENT TASKS
Instruction: As Rizal was deeply inspired by the different experience he had as a student, he engaged
himself in different field of artistry. Writing poem, sculpturing, painting are among the many things that
he loved doing. In a piece of paper compose a poem that will has inspired you in the past days and to
whom you will dedicate this poem. Five stanza with 5 sentences each stanza.Quiz no 4 (100%)
Criteria for grading
Content and wordings
Rhyming and phrasing
50%
50%
An Award for best poem will be given in recognition for the best original composition.
Quiz No. 5 Objective type of Quiz (10points)
Instruction: Identify the following statements by writing correctly the answers on the spaces provided
_________________1. He was considered as the best professor of Rizal in Ateneo.
_________________ 2. He prophesied that someday Spain would lose the Philippines and America will
succeed her as a colonizer.
_________________ 3. He was considered the brilliant Atenean of his time and pride of the Jesuits.
_________________ 4. The teacher of Rizal in Bina who was a disciplinarian and also the teacher of
Paciano.
_________________ 5. The first prize winning poem of Rizal while at UST which he pleaded to the youth
to rise from their complacency and use their talents and skills.
_________________ 6. The book written by Fr. Feodor Jagor consisting of his keen observation of the
defeat of Spanish Colonization in the Philippines.
_________________ 7. The novel read by Rizal that his imagination was stirred by the hero’s suffering and
his revenge on his enemies.
_________________ 8. The school registrar of Ateneo who refused to admit Rizal because was sickly and
undersized his age.
_________________ 9. The poem written by Rizal which stressed that education instills in the youth noble
ideas and sublime virtues toward the development and progress of nation.
_________________ 10. The school in Manila where Rizal first took the college entrance examination.
Quiz No. 6
Instruction: Essay type (5pts each)
1. Name at least three (3) of the qualities of Rizal as a student which you can also put to practice while
you are here in our institution.
2. Enumerate and explain at least 3 important achievement of Rizal as a Tomasian.
LESSON
3
 Rizal’s Life: Higher Education and Life Abroad
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
a. Discuss how Rizal’s journey started when he pursued his higher education abroad;
b. Re-imagine how a Filipino during his time was able to travel and experience the privilege of
learning other countries’ culture and tradition
c. Develop a love for poetry as displayed on the many travels of our hero in the European countries;
d. Learn his devotion to our motherland and the love for patriotism and nationalism.
Rizal’s Secret Mission
Rizal concieved the secret mission, with the blessing of his brother Paciano was to do the following:
“Observe keenly the life and culture, languages and commerce and government and laws of the European
Nations in order to prepare himself for the task of liberating his people from Spanish Tyranny”
Jose Mercado- Rizal used this name; a cousin from Biñan. May 3, 1882- Rizal departed on board the Spanish
streamer Salvador bound for Singapore. Donato Lecha- the ship captain from Asturias, Spain. Rizal described
him as an affable man, “much more refined than his other countrymen and collegues that I have met.”
May 9, 1882- the Salvadora docked at Singapore. Hotel de la paz- Rizal registered here and spent two days
on a sightseeing soiree of the city, which was a colony of England. In Singapore, Rizal transferred to another
ship Djemnah, a French streamer , which left Singapore for Europe on May 11,1882. May 17, 1882- Djemnah
reached Point Galle, a seacoast town in southern Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). Colombo- capital of Cyelon
“Colombo is more beautiful, smart, and elegant than Singapore, Point Galle and Manila.” Aden- city hotter
then Manila; Rizal was amused to see the camels, for the first time. City of Suez- the Red Sea terminal of the
Suez Canal Suez Canal- canal which built by Ferdinand de Lesseps (French diplomat-engineer) which was
inaugurated on November 17, 1869. Port Said- the Mediterranean terminal of the SuezCanal.
NAPLES AND MARSEILLES
June 11, 1882- Rizal reached Naples. Rizal was pleased on this Italian City because of its business activity,
its lively people and its panoramic beauty. Night of June 12, 1882- the streamer docked at the French harbor
of Marseilles. Rizal visited the famous Chateau d’lf, where Dantes, hero of the count of Monte Cristo was
imprisoned
SPAIN
June 16, 1882- Rizal finally reached his destination- Barelona.. August 20, 1882, His article “Amor Patrio”
was published in the Diarong Tagalog. “Amor Patrio” was the first article he wrote abroad. Rizal enrolled at
the Universidad Central De Madrid. He took the following subjects: Medical Clinic, Surgical Clinic, legal
medicine, and obstetrical clinic.
He also studied painting and sculpture in the Academy of Fine Arts of San. Fernando and took lessons in
French, German and English under private teachers. March 1883, Rizal joined the Masonic Lodge called
Acacia in Madrid. He became a mason so that he could secure Freemasonry's aid in his aim to fight against
the friars in the Philippines.
RIZAL IN PARIS, FRANCE
He was awarded the Diploma as a Master Mason by Le Grand Orient de France in France.
On June 18, 1883, with Felipe Zamora and Cunanan, He visited the Laennec Hospital to observe how Dr.
Nicaise treated his patients. June 20, 1883, he visited the Lariboisiere hospital where Felix Pardo de Tavera
was an extern.
RIZAL IN MADRID
On September 28, 1883, Rizal enrolled at the Central Universidad de Madrid of the second course in medicine.
He came to know of the imprisonment, by order of Sr. Vicente Barrantes, of the 14 wealthy innocent persons
in Manila. The prisoners who knew nothing of the cause of their detention and who became sick later for they
were kept in a humid person cell. June 25, 1884, Rizal won first prize in Greek contest, after which he delivered
a speech in honor of the two Filipino painters, Juan Luna and Felix Ressurrecion Hidalgo.
RIZAL IN BERLIN, GERMANY
Rizal wrote the poem “A Las Flores de Heidelberg”. In a letter of his Austrian friend, he says it was the first
impartial and daring book to be written on the life of tagalogs.
IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER IN EUROPE:
POSTDAM – 1. Companion: Dr. Maximo Viola
2. May 11, 1887: Spring Season
3. Rizal’s luggage include letters from his family and friends.
DRESDAN
1. Regional Floral Exposition
2. Visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer (Museum of Art)
3. Met Dr. Jagor who advised them to wire Blumentritt
LEIMERITZ, BOHEMIA
1. Arrived on May 13, 1887 (1:30 PM)
2. Meeting with Blumentritt – kind-hearted, old Austrian professor who helped Rizal and Viola
during their stay in Leimeritz, greeted each other in fluent German. They stayed from May 13 to
May 16.
3. Enjoyed the hospitality of Blumentritt’s family: Rosa (Wife), Children (Dora, Conrad, and Fritz)
4. He painted a portrait of Blumentritt and gave it to him.
5. Met a renowned scientist named Dr. Carlos Czelopak
6. May 16 (9:45 A.M) they left leimeritz by train.
PRAGUE
1. Carried letters recommendation from Dr. Willkomm
2. Visited the tomb of Copernicus, Museum of Natural History and the famous cave of San Juan
Nepomuceno
VIENNA
Rizal was fascinated by it’s buildings, religious images, haunting waltzes, and majestic charm
GENEVA
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1. June 19, 1887: Rizal treated Viola to a blowout on his 26th birthday.
2. June 23, Viola and Rizal parted ways.
ITALY
1. He want to Turin, Milan Venice, and Florence
2. June 27, 1887: Rome
3. June 29- Feast Day of St. Peter and St. Paul
First Homecoming
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•
Rizal arrived in Manila on August 5, 1887.
On August 18, 1887, in a letter, Archbishop p. Payo advised Fr. Gregorio Echevarria, Rector of the
University of Sto. Thomas that a piece of information about the novel Noli Me Tangere was issued by
a commission composed of university professors Fr. Matias Gomez, Fr. Norberto del Prado and Fr.
Evaristo Fernandez Arias.
•
Rizal made a pencil drawing of a sailboat sailing on Laguna de Bay, which he saw with Jose Taviel de
Andrade, Lietenant of the Civil Guards assigned by the Governor-General Terrero to protect him
during an excursion to Los banos.
The permanent board of Censure headed by Fr. Salvador font issued a judgment prohibiting the
circulation of the Noli Me Tangere in the Philippines. Upon the recommendation of the Governor
General, Father Font said:
“... Aside from attacking to directly, as you have seen your Excellency, the Religion of the State,
institutions and respectable persons for their official character, the book is replete of foreign
teachings and doctrines: and the general synthesis of the same is to inspire among the loyal and
submissive sons of Spain in these distant islands, profound, and furious hate to the mother country...”
•
ASSESSMENT TASK
Instruction: Answer the following essay type question based on your understanding of the secret mission
of Rizal to study abroad. (5 pts. Each)
a. Explain the reason behind the decision of Rizal to go to Spain.
b. How did the Spanish government accepted the very first Novel of Rizal?
c. Give your insights on the message of his poem “They ask me for verses”?
LESSON
4
 NOLI ME TANGERE
The novel
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
a. Let the students go back in time through their imagination on how Rizal has pictured the lives of the
Filipinos under abusive Spanish Officials.
b. Realize the importance of independence and the power of writing.
c. Learn the different portrayal of the powerful character of the novel.
d. Appreciates the value of patriotism and nationalism.
Noli Me Tangere was Rizal’s first
novel. He was 26 at its publication.
This book was historically
significant and was instrumental in
establishing the Filipinos sense of
national Identity. The book
indirectly influenced a revolution
although the author actually
advocated for direct representation
to the Spanish government and
larger role of the Philippines inside
the Spanish political affairs. It was
written in Spanish.
The novel became controversial
after few days of Rizal arrival. He
was summoned by then GovernorGeneral Emilio Terrero summoned
him to Malacañang Palace and told
him of the charges saying that the
novel was full of subversive ideas.
Noli Me Tangere
• It is the first novel
written by Filipino
patriot and national
hero Dr. Jose Rizal
in
1887
and
published
in
Germany.
• “Touch Me Not” in
English
• It consist of 63
chapters and an
epilogue
Rizal dedicated his Noli Me Tangere to the Philippines – “To My Motherland.” His dedication run as follows:
Recorded in the history of human sufferings is a cancer so malignant a character that the least touch irritates
it and awakens in it the sharpest pains. Thus, how many times, when in the midst of modern civilizations I
have wished to call thee before me, now to accompany me in memories, now to compare thee with other
countries, hath thy dear image presented itself showing a social cancer like to that other!
•
•
•
•
•
The title of Noli Me Tangere is not Spanish, nor Tagalog, but Latin. Rizal, in his letter to his friend
and Czech scientist Ferdinand Blumentritt, admitted that he obtained the title from the Bible.
Rizal took the passage in John 20:17 where Jesus said to Mary Magdalene "don't touch Me!" when
she recognizes him after his resurrection. The passage, when translated in Latin, is equivalent to Noli
Me Tangere.
At the time when the novel is ready for printing, he ran out of fund. He contacted his friend, Maximo
Viola, who agreed to lend him money for publishing.
According to accounts, Rizal is about to throw Noli manuscripts to the fireplace when he received
Viola's telegram agreeing for lending him.
Viola gave him an amount equal to three hundred pesos as preliminary payment for the first 2,000
copies of Noli.
•
•
•
In 1887, the first edition of Noli was published in Berlin, Germany.
To express his gratitude, he gave the original manuscript plus the plume he used to Viola.
Rizal also signed the first print and gave it to Viola with dedication.
Sypnosis
Juan Crisostomo Ibarra is a young Filipino who, after studying for seven years in Europe, returns to his native land to
find that his father, a wealthy landowner, has died in prison as the result of a quarrel with the parish curate, a
Franciscan friar named Padre Damaso. Ibarra is engaged to a beautiful and accomplished girl, Maria Clara, the
supposed daughter and only child of the rich Don Santiago de los Santos, commonly known as “Capitan Tiago.”
Ibarra resolves to forego all quarrels and to work for the betterment of his people. To show his good
intentions, he seeks to establish, at his own expense, a public school in his native town. He meets with
ostensible support from all, especially Padre Damaso’s successor, a young and gloomy Franciscan named
Padre Salvi, for whom Maria Clara confesses to an instinctive dread.
Ibarra is excommunicated, and Capitan Tiago, through his fear of the friars, is forced to break the
engagement and agree to the marriage of Maria Clara with a young and inoffensive Spaniard provided by
Padre Damaso. Obedient to her reputed father’s command and influenced by her mysterious dread of Padre
Salvi, Maria Clara consents to this arrangement, but becomes seriously ill, only to be saved by medicines
sent secretly by Ibarra and clandestinely administered by a girl friend.
Ibarra succeeds in having the excommunication removed, but before he can explain matters, an uprising
against the Civil Guard is secretly brought about through agents of Padre Salvi, and the leadership is
ascribed to Ibarra to ruin him. He is warned by a mysterious friend, an outlaw called Elias, whose life he had
accidentally saved; but desiring first to see Maria Clara, he refuses to make his escape, and when the
outbreak page occurs, he is arrested as the instigator of it and thrown into prison in Manila.
On the evening when Capitan Tiago gives a ball in his Manila house to celebrate his supposed daughter’s
engagement, Ibarra makes his escape from prison and succeeds in seeing Maria Clara alone. He begins to
reproach her because it is a letter written to her before he went to Europe which forms the basis of the
charge against him, but she clears herself of treachery to him. The letter had been secured from her by false
representations and in exchange for two others written by her mother just before her birth, which prove that
Padre Damaso is her real father.
These letters had been accidentally discovered in the convento by Padre Salvi, who made use of them to
intimidate the girl and get possession of Ibarra’s letter, from which he forged others to incriminate the young
man. She tells him that she will marry the young Spaniard, sacrificing herself thus to save her mother’s
name and Capitan Tiago’s honor and to prevent a public scandal, but that she will always remain true to
him.
Ibarra’s escape had been effected by Elias, who conveys him in a banka up the Pasig to the Lake, where they
are so closely beset by the Civil Guard that Elias leaps into the water and draws the pursuers away from the
boat, in which Ibarra lies concealed.
On Christmas Eve, at the tomb of the Ibarras in a gloomy wood, Elias appears, wounded and dying, to find
there a boy named Basilio beside the corpse of his mother, a poor woman who had been driven to insanity
by her husband’s neglect and abuses on the part of the Civil Guard, her younger son having page
disappeared some time before in the convento, where he was a sacristan. Basilio, who is ignorant of Elias’s
identity, helps him to build a funeral pyre, on which his corpse and the madwoman’s are to be burned
Upon learning of the reported death of Ibarra in the chase on the Lake, Maria Clara becomes disconsolate
and begs her supposed godfather, Fray Damaso, to put her in a nunnery. Unconscious of her knowledge of
their true relationship, the friar breaks down and confesses that all the trouble he has stirred up with the
Ibarras has been to prevent her from marrying a native, which would condemn her and her children to the
oppressed and enslaved class. He finally yields to her entreaties and she enters the nunnery of St. Clara, to
which Padre Salvi is soon assigned in a ministerial capacity.
As per Rizal’s letter to Blumentritt:
“ My book made a lot of noise ; everywhere, I am asked about it. They wanted to excommunicate me
because of it… I am considered a German Spy, an agent of Bismack, they say I am a Protestant, a
freemason, a sorcerer, a damned soul and evil. It is whispered that I want to draw plans, that I have a foreign
passport and I wandered to the streets by night.
ASSESSMENT TASK
Instruction: In a short bond paper, read and summarized each chapter of the Noli Me Tangere. This is to
perfectly appreciate the writing of Dr. Rizal. Each must show the artistic characteristic of the writer.
How to be graded:
Words and ways of story telling
Artistry (designs and other concepts)
70%
30%
LESSON
5


JOSE RIZAL RETURN TO EUROPE
El Filibusterismo
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
a. Discuss why Rizal decided to go back to Europe and later on wrote his second novel.
b. Understand the true meaning of love of one’s country as displayed by the courageous writings of Rizal.
c. Appreciate the many sacrifices of Rizal to be able to help his countrymen overcoming the tyranny of
the Spanish.
Rizal’s Second Trip Abroad
•
On February 3, 1888, he arrived in Hong Kong. He was welcomed by Filipino residents, including
Jose Basa, Balbino Mauricio and Manuel Yriarte.
Yokohama, Japan
•
He was visited by Juan Perez Caballero who invited Rizal to live at the Spanish Legation. Rizal
Accepted it for two reasons:
- He could economize his living expenses
- He had nothing to hide from the prying eyes of the Spanish authorities.
United States of America
•
•
He went to San, Francisco riding the steamer “Blige”
He witnessed discrimination of Chinese and Japanese by the American.
London, England
•
•
Rizal chose London to improve in his english language.
He received a good news and bad news from his home town as such:
1. Persecution of Filipinos who signed the Anti-Friar petition was rampant;
2. Persecution of the Calamba tenants including Rizal’s family and relatives;
3. Furious attacks on Rizal by Spanish mentors
4. Rizal’s brother in-law exiled to bohol;
5. A friend of Rizal was arrested and jailed in Bilibid prison for keeping a copy of Noli.
•
•
•
On February 15, 1889: Graciano Lopez Jaena founded La Solidaridad in Barcelona.
Rizal’s first article in the La Solidaridad entitled Los Agricultores Filipinos was published.
Jose wrote the Tagalog version of “The women of Malolos” This letter was about a filipino woman
and her rights. Rizal finished four sculptural works:
1. Prometheus bound;
2. The triumph of death over life;
3. The triumph of science over death;
4. A carving of the heads of the Beckett sisters.
Rizal’s Second Sojourn in Paris and the Universal Exposition
•
•
He lived with two other Filipinos, Captain Justo Trinidad, and Jose Albert.
Rizal formed Kidlat Club was then replaced by Indios Bravos.
•
Another secret society that Rizal formed was the R.D.L.M Paris 1890: annotated edition of Morga’s
Sucesos was published Rizal wrote the “Philippines within a Colony” and the essay “Indolence of the
Filipinos”
Brussels, Belgium
•
He wrote articles for La Solidaridad which were:
1. “A La Defensa” (To La Defensa) – April 9, 1889
2. “La Verdad Para Todos” (The truth for All) – May 31, 1889
3. “Vicente Barrantes’ Teatro Tagalo” – June 15, 1889
4. “Una Profanacion” (A Profanation) – July 31, 1889
5. “Verdades Nuevas” (New Truths) – August 15, 1889
6. “Crueldad” (Differences) – July 31, 1889
7. “Differencias” (Differences) – Sept 15, 1889
8. “Inconsequencias” (Inconsequences) –Nov. 30, 1889
9. “Lllanto y Risas” (Tears and laughter) – Nov. 30, 1889
10. “Ingratitudes” (Ingratitude) – January 15, 1890
Rizal Arrived in Madrid
•
•
Retana – A talented spanish scholar and Rizal’s bitter enemy of the pen, to a duel.
August 19, 1890: Death of Jose Ma. Panganiban – A friend of Rizal who died because of a lingering
illness.
“I still remember the panic that this word created. Our father forbade us to utter it, as well as the words
Cavite, Burgos, etc. The Manila newspapers and the Spaniards apply this word to one whom they want to
make a revolutionary suspect.”
“The Filipinos belonging to the educated class fear the reach of the word. It does not have the meaning of
freeboosters; it rather means a dangerous patriot who will soon be hanged or well, a presumptuous man.”
Rizal took 3 years to write his second novel. Hel began writing El Filibusterismo in October 1887 while he was in
Calamba. In London (1888), he revised the plot and some chapters. Rizal continued to work on his manuscript in Paris.
He later moved to Brussels where the cost of living was cheaper and he would be less likely to be distracted by social
events so he could focus on finishing the book
He finally completed the book on March 29, 1891 in Biarritz. September 18, 1891- the novel was published
in Ghent, partially funded by Rizal’s friend Valentin Ventura. Rizal immediately sent on this date two
printed copies to Hongkong – one for Basa and other for Sixto Lopez. Rizal gratefully donated the original
manuscript and an autographed printed copy to Valentin Ventura.
He finally completed the book on March 29, 1891 in Biarritz. September 18, 1891- the novel was published
in Ghent, partially funded by Rizal’s friend Valentin Ventura. Rizal immediately sent on this date two
printed copies to Hongkong – one for Basa and other for Sixto Lopez. Rizal gratefully donated the original
manuscript and an autographed printed copy to Valentin Ventura.
Simoun
Crisóstomo Ibarra in disguise, presumed dead at the end of Noli me tangere. Ibarra has returned as the
wealthy jeweler Simoun. His appearance is described as being tanned, having a sparse beard, long white
hair, and large blue-tinted glasses. In manners he was crude and confrontational. He was derisively
described by Custodio and Ben Zayb as an American mulatto or a British Indian. While presenting as the
arrogant elitist on the outside, he secretly plans a violent revolution in order to avenge himself for his
misfortunes as Crisóstomo Ibarra, as well as hasten Elias' reformist goals.
Basilio
Son of Sisa and another character from Noli me tangere. In the events of the El fili, he is an aspiring and so
far successful physician on his last year at University and was waiting for his license to be released upon his
graduation. After his mother's death in the Noli, he applied as a servant in Captain Tiago's household in
exchange for food, lodging, and being allowed to study. Eventually he took up medicine, and with Tiago
having retired from society, he also became the manager of Tiago's vast estate. He is a quiet, contemplative
man who is more aware of his immediate duties as a servant, doctor, and member of the student association
than he is of politics or patriotic endeavors. His sweetheart is Juli, the daughter of Kabesang Tales whose
family took him in when he was a young boy fleeing the Guardia Civil and his deranged mother.
Isagani
Basilio's friend. He is described as a poet, taller and more robust than Basilio although younger. He is the
nephew of Padre Florentino, but is also rumored to be Florentino's son with his old sweetheart before he was
ordained as a priest. During the events of the novel, Isagani is finishing his studies at the Ateneo Municipal
and is planning to take medicine. A member of the student association, Isagani is proud and naive, and tends
to put himself on the spot when his ideals are affronted. His unrestrained idealism and poeticism clash with
the more practical and mundane concerns of his girlfriend, Paulita Gomez. When Isagani allows himself to
be arrested after their association is outlawed, Paulita leaves him for Juanito Peláez. In his final mention in
the novel, he was bidding goodbye to his landlords, the Orenda family, to stay with Florentino permanently.
Macaraig
The Leader. He is described as wealthy, with his own coach, driver, and set of horses. He is said to own
several houses, and that he is lending one to serve as the schoolhouse for their planned Spanish language
academy. After the outlawing of the group, he was the first to post bail. He then left the country after his
release.
Kabesang Tales
Telesforo Juan de Dios, a former kabesa of Barrio Sagpang in Tiani. He was a sugarcane planter who
cleared lands he thought belonged to no one, losing his wife and eldest daughter in the endeavor. When the
Dominicans took over his farm, he fought to his last money to have it retained in his possession. While his
suit against the Dominicans was ongoing, he was kidnapped by bandits while he was out patrolling his
fields. Having no money to pay his captors, his daughter Juli was forced to become a maid in exchange for
her mistress paying his ransom. When his son Tano was conscripted into the Guardia Civil, again Tales had
no money to pay for Tano's exclusion from the draft. When in spite of all Tales lost the case, he not only lost
his farm but was also dealt with a heavy fine. He later joined the bandits and became one of their fiercest
commanders. Tandang Selo, his father, would later on join his band after the death of Juli.
Father Florentino
Isagani's uncle, a retired priest. Florentino was the son of a wealthy and influential Manila family. He
entered the priesthood at the insistence of his mother. As a resul, he had to break an affair with a woman he
loved, and in despair devoted himself instead to his parish. When the 1872 Cavite mutiny broke out, he
promptly resigned from the priesthood, fearful of drawing unwanted attention. He was an Indio and a
secular, or a priest that was unaffiliated with the orders, and yet his parish drew in a huge income. He retired
to his family's large estate along the shores of the Pacific. He is described as white-haired, with a quiet,
serene personality and a strong build. He did not smoke or drink. He was well respected by his peers, even
by the Spanish friars and officials.
Don Custodio
Custodio de Salazar y Sánchez de Monteredondo, a famous "contractor" who was tasked by the CaptainGeneral to develop the students association's proposal for an academy for the teaching of Spanish, but was
then also under pressure from the priests not to compromise their prerogatives as monopolizers of
instruction. Some of the novel's most scathing criticism is reserved for Custodio, who is portrayed as an
opportunist who married his way into high society, who regularly criticized favored ideas that did not come
from him, but was ultimately, laughably incompetent in spite of his scruples
Paulita Gómez
The girlfriend of Isagani and the niece of Doña Victorina, the old Indio who passes herself off as a
Peninsular, who is the wife of the quack doctor Tiburcio de Espadaña. In the end, she and Isagani part ways,
Paulita believing she will have no future if she marries him. She eventually marries Juanito Peláez
Juli
Juliana de Dios, the girlfriend of Basilio, and the youngest daughter of Kabesang Tales. When Tales was
captured by bandits, Juli petitioned Hermana Penchang to pay for his ransom. In exchange, she had to work
as Penchang's maid. Basilio ransomed her and bought a house for her family. When Basilio was sent to
prison, Juli approached Tiani's curate, Padre Camorra, for help. When Camorra tried to rape her instead, Juli
jumped to her death from the church's tower.
Father Írene
Capitan Tiago's spiritual adviser. Along with Custodio, Írene is severely criticized as a representative of
priests who allied themselves with temporal authority for the sake of power and monetary gain. Known to
many as the final authority who Don Custodio consults, the student association sought his support and gifted
him with two chestnut-colored horses, yet he betrayed the students by counseling Custodio into making
them fee collectors in their own school, which was then to be administered by the Dominicans instead of
being a secular and privately managed institution as the students envisioned. Írene secretly but regularly
supplies Capitan Tiago with opium while exhorting Basilio to do his duty. Írene embellished stories of panic
following the outlawing of the student association Basilio was part of, hastening Captain Tiago's death. With
Basilio in prison, he then struck Basilio out of Tiago's last will and testament, ensuring he inherited nothing.
Father Camorra
the parish priest of Tiani. Ben-Zayb's regular foil, he is said to look like an artilleryman in counterpoint to
Ben-Zayb's friar looks. He stops at nothing to mock and humiliate Ben-Zayb's liberal pretensions. In his own
parish, Camorra has a reputation for unrestrained lustfulness. He drives Juli into suicide after attempting to
rape her inside the convent. For his misbehavior he was "detained" in a luxurious riverside villa just outside
Manila.
Quiroga
A Chinese businessman who aspired to be a consul for China in the Philippines. Simoun coerced Quiroga
into hiding weapons inside the latter's warehouses in preparation for the revolution.
Sypnosis
The book narrates the return of the protagonist of Noli Me Tangere,
Crisostomo Ibarra, under the disguise of a wealthy jeweller named Simoun.
Dillusioned by the abuses of the Spanish, Ibarra abandons his pacifist beliefs in
order to return to the Philippines and start a violent revolution.
Noli Me Tangere’s Basilio, now a young man and a skilled medical student, is
recruited by Ibarra to aid him in detoning a bomb at a social gathering,
signaling the beginning of the revolution.
However, Basilio warns his friend Isagani. Realizing that the woman he loves is
in the building, Isagani throws the bomb into the river, averting the explosion
and the revolution.
Implicated in these matters, Simoun commits suicide by taking poison and finds
resting place at the home of a priest, Father Florentino, who hears his last
confession and assures him that not all hope is lost.
The priest (Father Florentino), upon Simoun’s death, commends the jewels into
the sea, remarking that the jewels once used to bribe and corrupt people, would
one day be hopefully found to be used for a meaningful purpose.
ASSESSMENT TASKS
Instruction: In an Oslo paper or bond paper, draw or sketch each and every character of the El
Filibusterismo based on your perception upon reading the novel.
Characterization
Interpretation
50%
50%
LESSON
6

Rizal's Life: Exile, Trial, and Death
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):.
a. Evaluate critically on how the writings of Rizal resulted in his mischief fate at Bagumbayan thus giving
us Filipinos the freedom we are all enjoying at this very moment;
b. Adopt to oneself the value of fighting for one’s principle that will benefit most;
c. Demonstrate an understanding of the importance of love of country and countrymen
d. Analyze that it is not necessary to take arms in order to show love for freedom, but a noble belief that
there could be change in all aspects of life.
Exile in Dapitan
July 17, 1892 – Rizal left Manila sailing through the Islands of Mindoro and Panay. He reached Dapitan –
a remote town in Mindanao which was under the missionary jurisdiction of the Jesuits. July 31, 1896 – Dapitan
became the solitary witness. His stay in the town was more than a life in exile, and lived in the residence of
Capt. Carnicero
Because he did not agree with the conditions of Fr. Pablo Pastells – a superior of Jesuit Priests.
The ff. are the conditions:
1. Rizal must retract his errors concerning religion
2. Rizal must perform the church rites and make confession of his past life
3. Rizal must present himself in an exemplary manner as a spanish subject and a man of religion
The commandant came to realize that Rizal was like any other culprit, Gov. Gen. Despujol gave Rizal
complete freedom to roam anywhere in Dapitan in return he wrote a poem entitled “ A DON RICARDO
CARCINERO on Aug. 26, 1892
Rizal had a scholarly debate with Fr. Pastells ragarding religion which revealed a anticlerical Rizal. They both
have religious differences and remained good friends. Fr. Pastells gave Rizal a famous Catholic book by Fr.
Thomas “IMITACION DE CRISTO”
The Awakening of Dapitan
In July 1892, Rizal reached Dapitan as a prisoner, he found it as sleepy little town, but soon became awake
His stay improved his artisitic and literacy skills, doing agricultural and civic projects engaging in business
activities, his careers and achievements in different fields.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Architectural and Engineering Works
The Doctor is “In”
Rivaling the Best in Europe
From Lot to Lot; Farmer to Trader
Once a Poet, Always a Poet
A Polyglot
Inventions and Scientific Works
8. Tree of Knowledge
9. The “Sweet Foreigner”
10. A Talk in the Garden
11. “Nails in the Coffin”
12. The Trap is Laid
Archtiectural and Engineering works
When Rizal obtained the title Perito agrimensor from ateneo municipal, he already had practical knowledge
in surveying. He widened his knowledge by reading engineering books. He successfully provided a sound
water system in the province by directing it and following the contour of a valley and crossing several
gullies with bamboo tubes “ I want to do all I can for this town” a letter for Fr. Pastells
The Doctor is “IN”
Rizal provided free medicine to his patients and most are underprivileged. He had wealthy patients like Don
Ignacio who paid him 300 for restoring his sight, an Englishman who gave him 500 and Aklanon haciendero
Don Francisco Azcorraga who paid him a cargo od sugar. August 1893 – his skill was put to test when Doña
Teodora ignored her son’s instructions and removed the bandages causing infections.
Rivaling the best in Europe
Together with his friend Fr. Francisco Sanchez he helped remake the plaza which he jokingly said “must
rival the best in europe”. They helped the citizens place lampposts at every corner for Dapitan’s first lighting
system. Commandant Carcinero sent for the new plaza twenty-four iron benches and twenty-six hundred
meters of wire.
From Lot to Lot; Farmer to Trader
Rizal devoted time in planting important crops and fruit bearing trees in his 16 hectare land. He bought the
land along the bay a few hundred meters east of the town of Dapitan and built himself a small little house.
He imported agricultural machinery and introduced native farmers of Dapitan the modern agricultural
methods. Rizal also visualized having an agricultural colony in Sitio Ponot within Sindangan Bay
The adventurous Rizal with his partner, Ramon Carreon, tried his luck in the fishing, hemp and copra
industries He requested the two good fishermen be sent to Dapitan. To teach the fisher folks new fishing
methods using the big net called Pukutan.
Once a Poet, Always a poet
It will be recalled that when Rizal left Hong Kong for Manila in 1892, only his sister Lucia had gone with
him. The rest of his family remained at Hong Kong. August 26, 1893 – Trinidad and Doña Teodora left
Hongkong and proceeded to where Rizal was. Rizal wrote another poem in response to a request from his
mother , who had all his life inspired his poetry, Oct. 22 1895 – he sent the poem “ Mi Ritero”
A Polyglot
Rizal studied and made comparisons in the Bisayan and Malayan languages, existing in the region. Rizal
knew 22 languages. Tagalog, Ilocano, Bisayan, Subanun, Spanish, Latin, Greek, English, French, German,
Arabic, Malayan, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Dutch, Catalan, Italian, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Swedish and
Russian.
Inventions & Scientific Works
Sulpukan- a particular type of lighter he invented during his medical practice in Calamba. Sent to
Blumentritt as a gift . Its mechanism is based on principle of compressed air. Wooden brick maker- 6000
bricks a day. They explored jungles and searched for specimens, which are sent to museums in Europe, ex.
Dresden Museum.
Researches and studies in fields of ethnography, archaeology, geology, anthropology, and geography
Three species Rizal discovered:
•
•
•
Draco rizali, a flying dragon
Apogonia rizali, a small beetle
Rhacophorus rizali, a rare frog
Tree of knowledge
Talisay, near Dapitan, he established a school with his farm and hospital, Sixteen boys attended class. And
instead for charging them, he made them do community projects. Reading, writing in English, Spanish,
geography, history, mathematics, technical work, nature study, morals, gymnastics and sports.
No formal room, conducted from 2:00 to 4:00 pm, hammock, long bamboo bench under Talisay tree
Himno a Talisay- honor for talisay, his student sing
The Sweet Foreigner
•
Josephine Bracken- slender, blond, blue eyes, well-dressed and light countenance.
•
From Hongkong to Dapitan in February 1895 with his foster father , George Taufer and Manuela
Orlac , mistress of someone in Manila Cathedral.
•
Julio Llorente – Rizal’s friend who recommended him to his group.
He tried to bridge this gap between his relatives and Miss B. March 14 1895 – as letter to Dona Teodora,”
Please treat Josephine as a person whom I esteem and much appreciated, and I would not like to see exposed
and abandoned.” Decided to marry each other Returned to Dapitan to marry but Fr. Pedro refused. Bracken,
she gave birth to a premature baby boy who lived only for three hours. Named Francisco
A Talk in the Garden
•
Andres Bonifacio seek advice from Rizal
•
May 2, 1896 - at Bitukang Manok River in Pasig, a secret meeting happened with Pio Valenzuela as
representative of the group to be sent to Dapitan. He used the name Procorpio Bonifacio.
•
Aboard steamship Venus, he arrived at bay in June 21, 1896., Together with him is Josephine
Bracken, Narcissa and Angelica Lopez.
•
Valenzuela together with Raymundo Mata, and Rufino Magnos.
•
He told him of their plans but Rizal objected for two reasons:
•
Filipinos were still unprepared for a bloody revolution
•
The Katipunan lacked machinery
•
Rizal also advised to attract all wealthy and influential persons of Manila with the help of Antonio
Luna. Valenzuela on the other hand told their plan to save Rizal but he disagreed because of his word
of honor.
“Nails in the Coffin”
•
Rizal offered his services as military doctor to the Cuban revolution informed by Ferdinand
Blumentritt, saying yellow fever spread out.
•
Dec. 17, 1895- Rizal sent letter to Governor General Ramon Blanco, about rendering service to Cuba
but not until July 30, 1896, when he received a letter dated July 1, 1896.
•
Rizal’s life can be compared to the young moth allured by the flame of the oil lamp. His burning
desire to help and leave for Cuba would not mean triumph for the enemies’ doubt but actually nails
to his coffin.
The Trap is laid
•
July 31, 1896 - Rizal’s four-year exile suddenly ended. He left onboard the steamer ship España
together with Josephine, Narcissa, Angelica, three nephews, and six students.
•
August 6, 1896 – arrived at Manila, he was supposedly boarded at the Isla de Luzon to Spain, but it
left ahead of time. Instead, he was transferred to the Spanish cruiser Castilla.
•
End of August 1896 – Bonifacio and the Katipuneros stipulated the revolution. Rizal learned about
it and in effectHe was prohibited from leaving the vicinity but were allowed to have visitors. He fell to the deadly
Spanish trap.
•
“El Ultimo Viaje”
•
August 30, 1896 – eight provinces of Luzon were put under martial law by Gov. General Blanco.
•
Days later he was transferred to Isla de Panay and met Capt. Alemany. And was givenm the best.
cabin. He wrote a letter for his mother “everything is in the hands of the Divine Providence”.
•
He was given a new cabin, No. 22, and the boat anchored near Manila.
A “Dangerous Fipino”
•
Gov. General Blanco and the Ministers of War and the colonies stated him as “Dangerous Filipino”,
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He learned the lies and became object of malicious talks and informed;
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San Roque was being bombarded and 600 Filipinos were ordered shot.
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The Capt. informed him that he was implicated with the revolution and realized he was being duped
by the Spanish officials.
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Oct. 3, 1896 – arrived in Barcelona and Rizal as prisoner. His warden was the Military Commander
of Barcelona, General Eulogio Despujol.
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Imprisoned in Montjuich Castle after three days then onboard Colon and left for Manila. He was put
behind bars before reaching port.
•
Confiscated Diary, handcuffed
Last Attempt to Save a Hero
Antonio Maria Regidor and Mr. Fort England two telegrams; tried to aid Rizal, three times. As the
English woman who interviewed the Queen Regent. And Ambeth Ocampo's words, “a kangaroo court that
sentenced him to death”
“Thrilla in Manila”
November 3, 1896, Colon reached Manila. Rizal was transferred under heavy guard from the ship to Fort
Santiago. The rest of Manila had been frightened by the insurrection and in their fear. Executions were made
public to dishearten patriotism. Governor-General Camilo de Polavieja, an ardent terrorist, superseded the
only man, Blanco, who had dared to remain calm.
“Fishing” Evidence
After fishing for as much evidence as possible (some of which were planted and fabricated), on November
20, 1896, the preliminary investigation on Rizal began. Durng the five-day investigation, Rizal was
informed of the charges against him before Judge Advocate Colonel Francisco Olive. Rizal was put under
interrogation without t benefit of knowing who testified against him. Presented before him were to kinds of
evidence - documentary and testimonial.
The documents 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, and 14 are omitted from the list because they were harmless. The testimony
of the ten “witnesses” seemed to be as weak as the documents. Pio Valenzuela had a chance to witness and
so gain revenge on Rizal. Two of the witnesses said Rizal was Honorary President of the Katipunan. Several
witnesses said they “believed” the La Liga Filipina planned separation from the islands. One witness said
that Rizal's sister had gone to charter a boat and to help Rizal escape from Dapitan.
On December 11, 1896, the information of charges formally read to Rizal in his prison cell in Fort Santiago.
He was accused of being “the principal organizer of the Philippine Revolution; and founder of societies,
periodicals, and boks dedicated to propagating ideas of rebellion. On December 15, 1896, Rizal wrote a
manifesto to his people appealing to them to stop the necessary shedding of blood and to achieve their
liberties using education and industry.
The “Kangaroo Trial”
On December 26, 1896, around 8:00 am, Rizal was fetchedto a building called Cuartel de Espana and
brought to trial before a military court composed of seven military officers headed by Lt. Col. Jose Togores
Arjona.
He was even denied the right of counsel, for he was only permitted to choose his advocate from a list
of strange young Spanish officers who were untrained in the law.
After Judge Advocate Dominguez opened the trial, it was followed by Atty. Alcocer's reiteration of the
charges against Rizal. Urging the court that the latter be punished with death. Accordingly, the three crimes
accused him were “rebellion, sedition, and illegal association” - the penalty for the first two being life
imprisonment to death, while the last, correctional imprisonment an a charge of 325 to 3, 250 pesos.
According to Rizal, there were twelve points to prove his innocence:
1. As testified by Pio Valenzuela, Rizal was against rebellion.
2. He had not written a letter addressed to the Katipunan compromising revolutionary elements.
3. Without his knowledge, his name was used by the Katipunan; if he was guilty, he could have escaped
while he was in Singapore.
4. If he was guilty, he should have left the country while in exile; he should not have built a home,
bought a parcel of land, or established a hospital in Dapitan.
5. If he was the leader of the revolution, the revolutionists should have consulted him.
6. He did not deny that he wrote the by-laws of the La Liga Filipina, but to make things clear, the
organization was a civic association, not a revolutionary society.
7. After the first meeting of Liga, the association banished because of his exile in Dapitan, thus, did not
last long.
8. If the Liga was recognized nine months later, he had no idea about it.
9. If the Liga had a revolutionary purpose, then Katipunan should not have been recognized.
10. If the Spanish authorities found his letters having a bitter atmosphere, it was because in 1980 his
family was being persecuted resulting in their dispossession of properties and deportation of all his
brothers-in-law.
11. He lived an exemplary life in Dapitan - the politico-military commanders and missionary priests in
the province could attest to that.
12. If according to witnesses the speech he delivered at Doroteo Ongjunco's house had inspired the
revolution, then he wanted to confront these persons. If he was for the revolution, then why did the
Katipunan send an unfamiliar emissary to him in Dapitam? It is because all his friends were aware
that he never advocate violence.
On December 28, Governor-General Polavieja, without any remorse, therefore signed, ordered, and sealed
the execution of Jose Rizal through firing squad at seven o'clock in the morning of December 30, 1896, at
bagumbayan.
Alone in the Cell
Capt. Rafael Dominguez, at six o'clock in the morning on December 29, 1896, read before him the official
notice of his execution, scheduled the next day. Rizal immediately transferred to the prison chapel where he
spent his last hours on earth.
My dear Brother,
When you receive this letter, I shall be dead. Tommorow at seven, I shall be shot; but I am
innocent of the crime of rebellion.
I am going to die with a tranquil conscience.
Goodbye, my dearest friend, and never think ill of me.
Fort Santiago, December 29, 1896
(Signed) Jose Rizal
Last Masterpiece
•
•
•
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Rizal was not allowed to embrace his mother and his sisters
NO male relatives were allowed to enter his cell. But little seven-year-old Mauricio, son of Maria,
was admitted.
When Trinidad had come, Rizal gave his real legacy and said to her: “I want you to have my
lamparilla.”
Then Rizal said in English: “There is something inside.”
Of Letters and Tears
•
•
December 29, 1896 - 8pm Rizal had his last supper then he informed Capt. Dominguez that he
forgave his enemies including those who condemned him to death.
December 30, 1896 - at 3am he rose up, prayed and confessed his sins. He knelt before the altar
and prayed the rosary, once finished, he read the Imitacion de Cristo by Tomas a Kempis.
•
December 30, 1896 - at 5:30am he ate his last breakfast of 3 hard boiled eggs. Afterwards, he
signed some memorabilia including religious pictures and books which would be passed on to
his mother, and sister, Trinidad. To Josephine, Rizal gave the Imitacion de Cristo as a gift.
To My Family,
I ask you for forgiveness for the pain I cause you, but someday I shall have to die and it is better
that I die now in the plentitude of my conscience.
Dear parents, brother, and sisters, give thanks to God that I may preserve my tranquility before my
death. I die resigned, hoping that with my death you will be left in peace. Ah! it is better to die than to live
suffering. console yourselves.
I enjoin you to forgive one another the little meanness of life and try to live united in peace and
good harmony. That your parents as you would like to be treated by your children later. Love them very
much in my memory.
Bury me in the ground. Place a stone and a cross over it. My name, the date of my birth, and of
my death. Nothing more. If later you wish to surround my grave with fence, you can do so. No
anniversaries. I prefer Paang Bundok.
Have pity on Josephine.
My Dear Brother,
It is now four and a half years since we have seen one another, or have we exchanged letters. This
I think is not because of any lack of love on my part or yours, but because, knowing one another so well,
we do not need to talk in order to be understood by one another.
Now I am about to die, and it is to you that I dedicate my last line, to tell you how sorry I am to
leave you alone in this life, burdened with the weight of the family and of our old parents. I am thinking
how hard you have worked to give me a career; I have tried not to waste my time. My brother, if the friut
has been bitter, it is not my fault, but the fault of circumstances. I know that you have suffered much for
me, and I am sorry.
I assure you, brother, that I die innocent of this crime of rebelion. That my former writings may
have contributed toward it, I cannnot wholly deny but then, I thought I had expiated for the past in my
deportation.
Tell our father that I remember him, and how much! I remember his affection, and his love since
my earliest childhood. Ask him to forgive me for the pain I have unwillingly caused him.
(Signed) Jose Rizal
To My Beloved Father,
Pardon me for the pain with which I repay you for sorrows and sacrifices for my education. I did
not want nor did I prefer it.
Goodbye, father, goodbye.
To My Dear Mother,
Sra. Dna. Teodora Alonso
Six o'clock in the morning, December 30, 1986.
Jose Rizal
To Die is to Rest
ASSESSMENT TASKS
Instructions: Submit your answers via messenger or via classroom google.
a. Carlism
d. Indios
(STRICTLY NO ERASURE)
b. Ferdinand VII
c. Mohandas K. Gandhi
e. Gen. Carlos Maria de la Torre f. Francisco Zaldua
g. Dr. Sun Yat Sen h. Insulares and Chinese Mestizos
i. American Revolution
j.
l. Polo y Servicio
Carlos de Bourbon
k. Industrial Revolution
m. French Revolution
n. Gen. Fernando Primo de Rivera
o. Obras Pias
p. Ventura de los Reyes
q. Archbishop Gregorio Martinez
r. Gen. Camilo de Polavieja
s. GenHe
Valeriano
t. Gen.
Rafael
de Izquierdo
u. Ho Chi Minh
______1.
was theWeyler
King of Spain
during
the critical
years following the Napoleonic
Wars.
______2. A political revolution that started in France which changed the political landscape in
Europe from monarchy to democracy.
______3. Along with three accused Fathers Burgos, Gomez and Zamora, he was escorted under
heavy guard from Fort Santiago to Luneta and was executed first.
______4. Non-existence in previous centuries, this class rose to a position of power in the Filipino
community and eventually became leaders in finance and education.
______5. They were not considered Filipinos during the Spanish period.
______6. The first president of China and also known as “Father of the Nation” and the “forerunner
democratic revolution”.
______7. He was requested by Governor Isquierdo to degrade the three priests by taking off their
priestly habits, but he refused this unholy request and thereby manifesting the Church’s
doubt as to their guilt.
of
______8. He employed non-violent civil disobedience, led India to independence and inspired
movements and freedom across the world.
______9. The fall of Queen Isabella II and the rise of liberalism in Spain brought a new Spanish
governor-general to Manila who is an able soldier and a true democrat.
______10. The legitimist and traditionalist who led the political movement in Spain seeking the
establishment of a separate line of the Bourbon family on the Spanish throne.
______11. The economic revolution that changed the economic system of Europe in the 19th century
from feudalism to capitalism.
______12. A boastful and ruthless governor general who ordered the execution of Father Mariano
Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora.
______13. The term given by the Spaniards to the Filipinos.
______14. It denotes changes in educational system that happened in the Philippines.
______15. The governor general who served for two terms enriched himself by accepting bribes
from gambling casinos in Manila which he scandalously permitted to operate.
______16. A cruel and corrupt governor general of Hispanic-German ancestry, arrived in Manila a
poor man and returned to Spain millionaire.
______17. A law imposed by Spaniards forcing the male from 16 to 60 years old to work in the
infrastructure program launched by them.
______18. A charitable institution financially supported by the Galleon Trade.
______19. The first Philippine delegate who took active part in the framing of the 1812 Constitution.
______20. A heartless and ruthless governor general who signed the execution of Dr. Jose Rizal.
II. Watch the movie of Rizal starring Cesar Montano. Analyze the life being filmed and give reaction via google
classroom or via messenger
REFERENCES
DR. JOSE P. RIZAL
Life, Works and Writings
Michael Pangilinan
Copyright 2016
Dr. Jose p. Rizal
Buhay at Diwa ng Pambansang Bayani
Consolacion P. Sauvo
Ma. Teresa O. Pilapil
Jose Elmer B. Francisco
Norma C. Mendoza
Copyright 2017
RIZAL
Life, Works and Ideals
Francisco M. Zulueta
Copyright 2004
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Almario. Virgilio. Si Rizal: Nobelista. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 2008.
Anderson, Benedict. Why Counting Counts: A Study of Forms of Consciousness and Problems of Language in Noli
Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2008.
Chua, Apolonio Bayani and Patricia Melendrez Cruz. Himalayni Rizal. Manila: Sentrong Pangkultura ng Pilipinas,
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of the Philippines Los Baftos Sentro ng Wikang Filipino. 2006.
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Fast, Jonathan at Jim Richardson. Roots of Dependency: Political and Economic Revolution in the 19th Century
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Guerrero, Leon Ma. The First Filipino: A Biography of Rizal. Manila: National Heroes Commission, 1963.
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Malolos” sa Diliman Review. Tomo 45, Bilang 2-3, 1997, pp. 26-29
Hau, Caroline S. Necessary Fictions: Philippine Literature and the Nation, 1946-1980. Quezon City: Ateneo de
Manila University Press, 2000.
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and Historiography. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1998.
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de Manila University Press, 1979.
Joaquin, Nick. A Question of Heroes. Pasig: Anvil, 2005.
Lahiri, Smitha. “Writer, hero, myth, and spirit: The changing image of Jose Rizal.” Cornell University papers on
Southeast Asia.
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Laurel, Jose B. Jr. “The Trials of the Rizal Bill,” Historical Bulletin vol. 4, no. 2 (1960).
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Ocampo, Ambeth. “Rizal’s Morga and views of Philippine History” in Philippine Studies vol 46 no. 2 (1998).
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Quezon City: Foundation for Nationalist Studies, 1979.
Quibuyen, Floro C. A Nation Aborted: Rizal, American Hegemony and Philippine Nationalism. Quezon City:
Ateneo de Manila University Press. 1990.
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2005.
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(2013).
Rizal, Jose. “The Philippines a Century Hence” In La Solidaridad
Rizal, Jose. Flistorical events of the Philippines Islands by Dr. Antonio de Morga, published in Mexico in 1609,
recently brought to light and annotated by Jose Rizal, preceded by a prologue by Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt.
Manila: Jose Rizal National Centennial Commission, 1962.
Rizal, Jose. Letter to the Young Women ofMalolos
Rizal, Jose. Noli me tangere (Translation by Virgilio Almario or Soledad Lacson-Locsin)
Rizal, Jose. The Indolence of the Filipinos
Salazar, Zeus A. “Si Andres Bonifacio at ang Kabayanihan Pilipino,” Bagong Kasaysayan. Mga Pag-aaral sa
Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas. Lunsod Quezon: Palimbagang Kalawakan. 1999.
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Schumacher, John. “Rizal in the Context of the 19th Century Philippines" in The Making of a Nation: Essays on
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(2011).
Schumacher, John. The Propaganda Movement, 1880-1885: The Creation of a Filipino Consciousness, The Making
of a Revolution. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1997.
Solmerano, Ernesto Thaddeus M, et.al. The Life and Works of Jose Rizal. Fastbooks Educational Supply, Inc.,
2018.
Sztompka, Piotr. “Great Individuals as Agencies of Change" in The Sociology of Social Change. United States:
Wiley, 1993.
Wickberg, Edgar. The Chinese in Philippine Life, 1850-1898. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press,
1965.
Yabes, Leopoldo. Jose Rizal on his Centenary. Quezon City: University of the Philippines. 1963.
Zaide, Gregorio at Sonia Zaide. Jose Rizal: Buhay, Mga Ginawa at mga Sinulat ng Isang Henyo, Manunulat,
Siyentipiko at Pambansang Bayani. Quezon City: All Nations Publishing Co. Inc., 1997.
Other Internet Sources
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