Lab 1: Body Plan and Homeostasis
Objectives for this Lab: 1. Demonstrate correct anatomical position. 2. Use directional terms to compare
different regions of the body. 3. Determine what plane or section is used to divide various parts of the
body. 4. Relate regional terms to specific parts of the body. 5. List the eleven organ systems in the body
and their primary organs. 6. Name the major organs that reside within each of the body cavities. 7.
Locate the major organs found in the abdominopelvic cavity. 8. Label the four quadrants and nine
topographic regions of the abdominopelvic cavity and determine which organs are found in each. 9.
Define homeostasis and the components of a feedback loop. 10. Differentiate between positive and
negative feedback loops and apply this to specific situations in the body.
Overview: In order to maintain consistency between all health-care professionals, it is necessary to use
terminology that is the same for everyone. In this lab, we will be applying the terminology that was
discussed in lecture, to models and real-life situations. Homeostasis is the ability for the body to
maintain a state of equilibrium or stability within its own internal environment. This is a dynamic
process that requires constant adjustments from the body’s regulatory processes. Although all of the
body’s organ systems contribute to this maintenance of homeostasis, the Nervous and Endocrine
Systems directly regulate it. The body is able to monitor, evaluate and change various conditions
through feedback systems. Most of the body’s processes are maintained by negative feedback systems.
We will be discussing specific conditions and how feedback systems maintain homeostasis in the body.
At the conclusion of this lab, we will consider how various healthcare professions may use this
terminology and homeostatic information in the clinical setting.
Pre-Lab Questions:
1. Describe what Anatomic Position is:
________________________________________________________________________
2. A _______________ plane separates the body into superior and inferior portions.
3. A _______________ plane would separate the right kidney form the left kidney.
4. Using Directional Terms, relate the following body parts to one another:
a. The head is ____________________ to the shoulders.
b. The knees are _____________________ to the hips.
c. The ears are _____________________ to the nose.
5. Match the following anatomical terms with their common name:
_______ cervical
A. low back
_______ brachial
B. thigh
_______ femoral
C. eye
_______ lumbar
D. neck
_______ orbital
E. arm
6. The Dorsal Cavity is divided into ______________ and _______________ cavities.
7. List 4 organs that are found in the Abdominal Cavity:
________________________________________________________________________
8. Match the following organs with their correct Organ System:
________ heart
A. Nervous System
________ stomach
B. Digestive System
________ kidneys
C. Respiratory System
________ brain
D. Urinary System
________ lungs
E. Cardiovascular System
9. Which two Organ Systems directly regulate homeostasis: _____________________________
10. A _______________ feedback system negates or reverses the original condition or stimulus.
11. In a negative feedback system, if blood pressure is increasing, will it continue to increase or will it
decrease? ___________________________
12. True or False. The plasma membrane is composed of lipids and proteins.
12. The plasma membrane is “selectively permeable”. What does this mean?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
13. Match the following organelles with its function:
_______ mitochondria
A. protein synthesis
_______ ribosome
B. synthesizes and transports lipids
_______ golgi apparatus
C. contains enzymes that breakdown
substances
_______ lysosome
_______ smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. generates most of the cell’s ATP
E. modifies and transports protein
14. Which of the following events occur during Interphase? Check all that apply.
___ the chromosomes line up in the center of
the cell
___ chromatin uncoils and becomes rodshaped chromosomes
___ DNA is replicated
___ the nucleolus disappears
___ enzymes and proteins are synthesized
___ the organelles are replicated
15. List the 4 phases of Mitosis in order.
________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 1.1: Directional Terms
Using the torso models in the lab, label the following Directional Terms on the images below:
A. Superior
E. Proximal
B. Inferior
F. Distal
C. Medial
G. Anterior
D. Lateral
H. Posterior
Exercise 1.2: Planes of the Body
Using the torso models in the lab, label the following image with the correct Planes or Sections:
A. Sagittal Section
B. Frontal/Coronal Section
C. Transverse Section
D. Oblique Section
Exercise 1.3: Body Cavities
While observing the torso models in the lab, label the following cavities and their sub-cavities on the image below:
A. Dorsal Cavity
F. Vertebral Cavity
B. Ventral Cavity
G. Abdominal Cavity
C. Cranial Cavity
H. Pleural Cavity
D. Thoracic
I. Pericardial Cavity
E. Pelvic Cavity
J. Abdominopelvic
Exercise 1.4: Regional Terms
Label the following anatomical terms on the image below:
G. Thoracic
A. Cervical
H. Pelvic
B. Lumbar
I. Femoral
C. Buccal
J. Palmar
D. Axillary
K. Plantar
E. Brachial
L. Cephalic
F. Orbital
M. Vertebral
N. Gluteal
O. Digital
P. Sacral
Q. Inguinal
R. Olecranal
Exercise 1.5: Topographic Regions of the Abdominopelvic Cavity
Label the 4 Quadrants and then the 9 topographic regions of the abdominopelvic cavity on the images following:
Abdominopelvic Regions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Exercise 1.6: Organ Identification
Locate the following organs and label them on the picture below:
A. Lungs
B. Heart
C. Liver
D. Pancreas
E. Stomach
F. Gallbladder
G. Small intestines
H. Large intestines:
- Cecum
- Transverse colon
- Ascending colon
- Descending colon
- Sigmoid colon
Exercise 1.7: Homeostasis and Feedback Loops
Label the different components of a feedback system: Stimulus, Receptor, Control Center, Effector
Exercise 1.8: Cell Organelle Identification
Using the cell models in the lab, label the following organelles/structures on the image below.
G. Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
A. Plasma Membrane
H. Ribosome
B. Nucleus C. Nucleolus
I. Lysosome
D. Nuclear Membrane
J. Centrosome
E. Mitochondria
K. Secretory Vesicle
F. Golgi Apparatus
Exercise 1.9: Identifying the Stages of Mitosis
Using the Mitosis models in the lab, correctly identify the 4 stages of Mitosis. Determine what stage of
the cell cycle and mitosis the following pictures are demonstrating.