FTTH Basics and Network Design Mark Boxer, Jeff Bush OFS Agenda • • • • • • 2 Drivers for FTTH Why Fiber? Fiber Feeds Everything Nuts and Bolts - The Components Installation Techniques Network Architectures and Planning FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Bandwidth – then, now, and next Then 25 Mbps Now 1.5 Mbps ≈ 0.6 kbps Next VR > 500 MBPS 3 FTTH Basics and Network Design 2 Mbps 9 Mbps 6 Mbps OFS – Boxer, Bush Agenda • • • • • • 4 Drivers for FTTH Why Fiber? Fiber Feeds Everything Nuts and Bolts - The Components Installation Techniques Network Architectures and Planning FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Why Fiber? Greater Bandwidth, Longer Distance, Lowest Cost / Bit Copper Bandwidth Distance Cost per Bit Fiber 2,400 Pair Copper Cable 100 Gbps to 1KM 1 Fiber Cable > 50 Tbps > 5,000 KM Bandwidth 5 FTTH Basics and Network Design Distance Cost per Bit OFS – Boxer, Bush Why fiber? Metal cables and wireless have significant limitations • • • • 6 Reliable - Fewer truck rolls with fiber Lower power consumption versus DSL/HFC Not affected by lightning, rain, humidity issues No maintenance needed for amplifiers FTTH Basics and Network Design Feature Benefit High bandwidth High information carrying capacity Low attenuation Long distances without repeaters, less expensive Light weight Small size Easier installations Unobtrusive No metallic conductors No grounding problems No “crosstalk” Passive No power requirements No circuit protection needed Inexpensive Widely deployable & cost effective OFS – Boxer, Bush Agenda • • • • • • 7 Drivers for FTTH Why Fiber? Fiber Feeds Everything Nuts and Bolts - The Components Installation Techniques Network Architectures and Planning FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Fiber Feeds the Cell Network • Mobile bandwidth demand, driven by smartphones and video, is growing rapidly • Fiber is needed to and up the tower for 4G networks and beyond • Fiber has many advantages for cell network operators: Bandwidth 8 • • • • • • • Weight Tower loading/bracing Grounding Installation time Power losses Space Cooling requirements FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Fiber in Telephone and Cable Networks Telephone: FTTN - Fiber to the Curb/Node Cable: HFC - Hybrid Fiber Coax Central Office OLT Powered Switch or Node 12 - 24 fibers Twisted Pair or Coax Typical Distance Range 9 • Fiber to the Node, Copper/coax to the home • Bandwidth variable based on distance, metal cable quality, node size • Asymmetric bandwidth (more downstream than upstream) FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Fiber Feeds the Power Network • Fiber is an integral part of the utility communications network • Substation to substation communications • Equipment within substations • FTTH – Primarily municipalities and co-ops • Smart grid initiatives are changing the nature of power delivery Nuclear Renewable Transmission Distribution Smart Meter --:Information Micro Grid --:Power 10 FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Agenda • • • • • • 11 Drivers for FTTH Why Fiber? Fiber Feeds Everything Nuts and Bolts - The Components Installation Techniques Designing the OSP Network FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Optical Fiber Fastest Comms Pipe Available Light ray Coating Cladding Core • Light travels in core and is constrained by the cladding • Acrylate coating protects pure silica (glass) cladding 12 FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Fiber Structure 125 microns • Core - The center of a fiber – Typically contains dopants to change speed of light Coatings • Cladding - Outer layer of glass to contain light Cladding – Different refractive index • Coating - Cushions and protects fibers vv vs Core 8-62.5 microns 200-250 microns 13 FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Main Fiber Types Single-mode & Multimode • Single-mode fiber – Carries only one mode of light – Used for the majority of FTTH deployments • Multimode fiber – Carries multiple modes of light Index of Refraction Profiles 8-10 µm 125 µm Singlemode cladding core 50-62.5 µm Multimode 14 FTTH Basics and Network Design 125 µm OFS – Boxer, Bush Bend Insensitive Fiber Enables Fiber in Non-traditional Places Conventional Singlemode fiber Bend insensitive Singlemode fiber Small radius Service Disrupted 15 Small radius Service Maintained FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush FTTH Network Macro View Central Office / Headend Drop Closures or Terminals Drop Cable Splitter Cabinet Underground Cable 16 Splice Closures Direct Buried Cable FTTH Basics and Network Design Aerial Cable OFS – Boxer, Bush Outside Plant Fiber Cable • Most often “loose tube” cable structure – Fibers loose in buffer tubes • Handles stress/strain and temperature fluctuations and climatic extremes – Also available in ribbons – Fibers and buffers are color coded • Underground applications – Direct Buried – typically armored – Duct cable • Aerial applications – Lashed to a messenger – All-Dielectric, Self-Supporting (ADSS) 17 FTTH Basics and Network Design Buffer tube Fiber Loose buffer tube structure Ribbon fiber and cable structure OFS – Boxer, Bush Inside Plant Fiber Cable • Indoor cables are different than outdoor cables • Most often “tight buffer” cable structure – Provides additional protection for frequent handling – Easier connectorization • Multiple types of cable structures • Riser, plenum, low smoke/zero halogen products – Designed to meet flame smoke ratings • Yellow jacket indicates single-mode fiber 18 FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Fiber Management Devices Closures, Terminals • Fiber management devices are used in the central office or remote cabinets • Closures are used in the field to connect cables and fibers • Terminals are often used for the final drop to the home • Multiple designs available for each component 19 FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Connectors and splitters Connectors • “SC” and “LC” most common • Color indicates polish (back reflection) • Blue = “Ultra” polish SC Connector Splitter • Green = “Angle” polish • LC Connector MPO Connector (12 fiber ribbon connector) 20 Splitters Used with Passive Optical Network (PON) systems • Used to split one fiber into multiple fibers – Decreases power – Splits bandwidth • Split ratios are powers of 2 – 1x2, to 1x64 (1x32 most common) FTTH Basics and Network Design Splitter in splice tray Splitter Cabinet OFS – Boxer, Bush MDU and in-home Deployments • MDU and in-home installations are different than outside plant • Most inside installations require tight bends and bend insensitive fibers • Manufacturers have developed fibers and products for these applications Fiber 21 FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Agenda • • • • • • 22 Drivers for FTTH Why Fiber? Fiber Feeds Everything Nuts and Bolts - The Components Installation Techniques Network Architectures and Planning FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush OSP Cable Placement Options Aerial • Fast, minimal restoration time • Typical choice for overbuilding existing aerial plant Below Grade • Required if no existing aerial plant • 23 Aesthetically pleasing! FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Splicing Fusion • Most common type of splice • Fibers joined together and melted at approximately 1600 degrees C Illustration of electrodes used to form fusion splicing arc Mechanical • Common overseas • Less common in US FTTH installations Splice sleeve to cover completed splice 24 FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Optical Loss Budget Designers must ensure adequate optical power going both directions Fiber Management OLT Unmanaged Switch Encoder & DVD 25 Component Typical loss values @ 1550 nm Fiber 0.2 dB/km Splices 0.05 dB Connectors 0.2 dB Splitters (1x32) 17-18 dB FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Agenda • • • • • • • 26 Drivers for FTTH Why Fiber? Fiber Feeds Everything Flavors of FTTx Nuts and Bolts - The Components Installation Techniques Network Architectures and Planning FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush FTTX Network Planning Establish Ultimate Network Plan • Ensures incremental additions support ultimate objectives Network Plan Objectives • Reduce installed costs • Increase speed of network build • Increase return on investment o Target network segments based on ROI • Streamline build cost estimation process Example Network Plan Cable route design for 10k premise network 27 FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush FTTX Architectures GPON 28 GE-PON Current Gen Next Gen Current Gen Next Gen Point to Point (Active Ethernet) Downstream Bandwidth 2.4 Gbps total 10 Gbps total 1.2 Gbps total 10 Gbps total 100 -1000 Mbps per sub Upstream Bandwidth 1.2 Gbps total 10 Gbps total 1.2 Gbps total 10 Gbps total 100 -1000 Mbps per sub Typical distance 20 km 20 km 20 km 20 km 20 km Wavelengths (nm), Downstream Upstream 1490 1310 1577 1270 1550 1310 1577 1270 1550 1310 FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush FTTX Architectures Active Ethernet (Active E) or Point-to-point (P2P) Central Office or Powered Cabinet Dedicated Fibers SFU Electronics MDU Business 29 • Requires largest cables and most splicing • Highest cost of electronics per customer • Maximum bandwidth per customer FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush FTTX Architectures PON - Central Office Splitting Central Office or Powered Cabinet Dedicated Fibers SFU OLT F2 Fibers F1 Fibers MDU Splitter Business Shared Fibers 30 • Requires largest cables and most splicing • Maximizes OLT port utilization • Utilized in dense urban deployments FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush FTTX Architectures PON - Cabinet Splitting Dedicated Fibers Central Office or Powered Cabinet SFU Splitter Cabinet OLT F1 Fibers F2 Fibers MDU Splitter Shared Fibers • Business Closely resembles copper networks o Cross connect cabinets 31 • Limits initial OLT utilization • Most common method of deployment in U.S. FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush FTTX Architectures PON - Distributed Splitting Central Office or Powered Cabinet Splice Closures Splitter Splitter OLT F1 Fibers Dedicated Fibers Shared Fibers Business F1 Fibers F1 Fibers MDU SFU SFU • Greatly reduces cable sizes and splicing • Requires more OLT ports than CO or cabinet splitting o Typical break-even take rate is 20-25% 32 FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush FTTX Architectures PON - Cascaded Splitting “S2” Splitter Shared Fibers Central Office or Powered Cabinet 2nd SFU SFU 1st OLT “S1” Splitter F1 Fibers F1 Fibers Dedicated Fibers MDU Splice Closure Or Cabinet 33 Splice Closure • Minimizes cable sizes and splicing • Ideal for rural deployments FTTH Basics and Network Design “S2” Splitter Business 2nd OFS – Boxer, Bush FTTX Architectures Distributed / Cascaded Splitting versus CO / Cabinet Splitting 1. Significantly reduces cable sizes 2. Significantly reduces splicing requirements Advantages 3. Eliminates need for splitter cabinets • Associated permitting 1. 100% splitter installation Disadvantages • Initial as opposed to incremental 2. 100% OLT port installation • Initial as opposed to incremental Typical break-even take rate is 20-25% • • 34 Greater than 25% - distributed / cascaded more economical Less than 20% - CO / cabinet more economical FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Summary • Video, internet, and new applications are driving bandwidth increases that require fiber • Fiber is the best method for providing low cost, high bandwidth services • Lowest cost/bit • Lowest OPEX • More reliable than metallic technologies • Lower attenuation, weight • Fiber architectures include multiple types of PON and point-to-point • Multiple ways of deploying FTTH • 35 OSP design decisions have significant impacts on network build costs FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Thank you for attending. Please remember to complete the online evaluation of this session in the mobile app by selecting the bar graph icon. 36 FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Questions? Mark Boxer Applications Engineering Manager, OFS mboxer@ofsoptics.com 252 495-4131 Jeff Bush Professional Services Manager, OFS jbush@ofsoptics.com 770 241-4713 Please Complete the Evaluation 37 FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush Backup Backup Slides 38 FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush FTTX Architectures Active Ethernet (Active E) or Point-to-point (P2P) Central Office or Powered Cabinet Electronics Factory Installed Connector Splice Panel Jumpers OSP Cable Customers 39 FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush FTTX Architectures PON - Central Office Splitting Central Office or Powered Cabinet Optical Terminal Shelf Mount Splitter Jumpers F1 Fibers Splice Panel Jumpers F2 Fibers Factory Installed Connectors 40 FTTH Basics and Network Design OSP Cables F2 Fibers Customers OFS – Boxer, Bush FTTX Architectures PON - Cabinet Splitting Central Office or Powered Cabinet Splitter Cabinet Splitters OLT Splitter Tails Factory Connectorized Splice Panel Cabinet Tails OSP Cables Hand Hole OSP Cables F1 Fibers OSP Cables F2 Fibers Customers Splice Closure 41 FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush FTTX Architectures PON - Distributed or Cascaded Splitting Central Office or Powered Cabinet OLT Splice Tray Service Drop Connection Point Aka “terminal” Splitter Splice Panel OSP Cables F1 Fibers OSP Cables F2 Fibers Service Drops 42 Customers Customers FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush FTTX Architectures Design Comparison Cabinet vs. Distributed Splitting 92% 24 or 36 count cables 62% 48 or larger count cables Cabinet Split Design • • 6,622 premises 9,933 fusion splices 1.5 splices / premise 43 50% Variance in Splicing Distributed Split Design • • 6,127 premises 6,139 fusion splices 1.0 splices / premise FTTH Basics and Network Design OFS – Boxer, Bush
