TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY “Successful Communication requires Understanding” Objectives: 1. distinguish various types of communicative strategies; 2. use acceptable, polite and meaningful communicative strategies Read the dialogue & answer the comprehension questions that follow: Eva: Check out the sky Paula: What about it? Eva: Don’t ask me, just look at it.. Paula: I don’t see anything. It is just the plain, normal sky. Eva: Of course not. The stars seem brighter and the moon looks bigger tonight. Paula: You are weird. It appears normal to me. Eva: Why can’t you appreciate nature? Paula: Of course, I can. It is just that I do not see anything extraordinary about it. Eva: Whatever. Paula: Why are you pissed? Eva: I am not(walks away) Comprehension Questions: 1. What is the main topic of the conversation? 2. In what part of the dialogue did the conflict happen? 3. Before Eva walked out, do you think she was really pissed? 4. If yes, do you think she has the right to be pissed? If yes, why? If no, why not? Communicative Strategies - are the blueprints for how information will be exchanged 1. Nomination -is the ability of taking the attention of the hearers and trying to commence(begin) - propose the speaker’s ideas in a conversation whereby the other people involved in the conversation can still talk or even butt into the discussion - When beginning a topic in a conversation, especially if it does not arise from a previous topic, you may start off with news inquiries and so on as they promise extended talk. 2. Restriction -this involves a constrained conversation between a speaker and a listener - It is a communication where a person speaks and others listen without any chances for the listeners to be heard Ex. A homily of a priest in a mass A commencement speaker during a graduation ceremony 3. Turntaking Ex. A parliamentary debate-debaters do not raise points at the same time bride and groom exchanging vows -refers to the process by which people in a conversation decide who is to speak next -rules on this depend on culture, norms, standards or mechanics set -primary idea is to give all communicators a chance to speak -In debate , speakers do not need to talk at the same time. 4. Topic Control - Covers how procedural formality or informality affects the development of a topic - Speakers talk only about a given topic - discourse is controlled Ex. Oh..let’s go back to the topic. In debate, if a speaker is on the affirmative side, he/ she will only talk about the positive points of the topic. Thank you for your question but we are focusing on the functions first. In a classroom reporting, turntaking and topic control are used as communicative strategies. In the church • Priest: The Lord be with you • People: and also with you • Priest: we lift up your heart • People: we lift them up to the Lord In the classroom Teacher: Do you have other questions? Students: None ma’am 5. Topic Shifting - It is where one part of a conversation ends and where another begins - This includes the ability to prudently and courteously end a conversation about a topic and lead the talk to another issue - Use effective conversational transitions: “By the way”, “in addition to what you said “and the like Ex. Job Interview-Past work experiences to scholastic records to personal concern to other matters Hi I’m Julia Pariso from Quirino Province. I finished Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in English at St. Mary’s University last 2019. My experience in the teaching field helped me to be knowledgable and skilled in my chosen profession. You know what, I love adobo. 6. Repair - Refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation - Ability to ensure that troubles don’t cause the interaction to stop, the intersubjectivity to be distorted (unfair)and the turn and sequence of the exchange to fail - Self-initiated & other-initiated Ex. “ We don’t really move. I mean, we’d like to, but my mom is sort of attached to the house. Attached is , I guess , not the right word. She’s pretty much wedge in.”( Johnny Depp as Gilbert in What’s Eating Gilbert Grape, 1993) "I'm sorry, could you repeat your question please? I didn't hear it quite clearly. Thanks! 7. Termination - Communicative strategy of artistically ending a conversation. - It refers to practices of closing down a topic -directive strategies & indirective strategies (nonverbal cues(looking at the phone/watch, yawning, walking out) - Ex. “I have to go…..” “ Bye….” “I’m sorry but I think we have talked long enough…” Let’s observe this! Bill: Hey everyone! Nomination Jo: Hi, Bill. I’m happy you found us. Bill: How you doin’? Jo: It’s goin’ good. You see the sky today? Topic Shifting Bill: Yeah!, she’s ,uh—she’s really talking Jo: (Tossing him a cord) Catch!(Bill gives Jo an annoyed look as Jo jumps off the van) It’s the biggest series of storms in 12 years. One lined up right after another. And NSSL says they’ve never seen anything like it. Bill: ( Not really interested in what Jo is saying) So, Jo, Topic Control about the divorce papers- (JO walks out) Termination Repair “ Excuse me? I think we should speak one at a time , so we can clearly understand what we want to say about the issue” I. Identify the communicative strategy in each statement. Let’s do this! 1. “ Have you eaten your breakfast?” 2. “ One of the essential lessons I gained from the discussion is the importance of sports and wellness to a healthy lifestyle.” 3. “ You look great. By the way, where do you work now?” 4. “ Go on with your ideas. I’ll le t you finish first before I say something.” 5. “ Have you heard the news about the latest achievement of our government?” 6. “ Hey, how are you? I missed you!” 7. “ Best regards to your parents! See you around!” 8. “Good to see you. Anyway, I came to visit you because I want to personally offer apologies for what I did yesterday.” 9. “ Sorry, I can’t decide on that now, I am still focused on my writing assignment . Let’s talk next time, okay?” 10. “May we just talk about our assignment so that we can finish something today?” II. Natalie: Let us just eat rice. Risen: I am hungry, let’s eat… Aki: Of course, we will eat rice. However the Dria: Where do you want to eat? question is still, where will we eat? Risen: Anywhere Natalie: So where? Natalie: Okay, let’s eat at Mcdonald’s Risen: anywhere Aki: I do not want to eat there Risen: So where are we eating? I am already Risen: Me too Natalie: So where are we eating? Dria: How about we grab pasta? Risen: I do not want pasta Dria: You said, you will eat anything Risen: Yes!, but not pasta Dria: Let’s just eat anywhere hungry Natalie: I have the same question. Risen: Where? Dria: Oh wow, check that out , the bags are on sale! Aki, Natalie, Risen: Wow! Let’s go there!!
