RIZAL’S LIFE: EXILE, TRIAL AND
DEATH
3. His last book “El Filibusterismo” was
dedicated to the memory of three traitors to
their country (Gomez, Burgos, Zamora),
but extolled by him as martyrs, while in the
epigraph of the title page of said book is the
doctrine that because of the vices and errors
of the spanish administration, there is no
other salvation for the Philippines than
separation from other country.
1. BANISHMENT OF JOSE RIZAL
INTRODUCTION
As soon as Rizal arrived in Manila on June 26,1892,
he was welcomed by Apolinario Mabini, Andres
Bonifacio, Ambrosio Salvador, Pedro Serrano Laktaw,
Deodato Arellano, and other patriots, who,
altogether founded La Liga Filipina.
DAPITAN
Dapitan is a remote town in Mindanao, which served
as an outpost of the Spaniards in the Philippines.
Dapitan became the only witness to Rizal’s fate since
July
1896.
 Rizal’s gratitude for Captain Ricardo
Carnicero
 “A Don Ricardo Carnicero” (August 26, 1892)
In Dapitan, he continued his medicine, research and
continued his talent in sculpture, painting, sketching
and poetry writing. He put up a school for boys and
introduced projects for the community.
REASONS RIZAL WAS SENT TO DAPITAN
4. He was also charges for seeking to decatholicize the Philippines.
RIZAL MIGHT DWELL IN THE HOUSE OF FATHER
OBACH, THE PARISH PRIEST OF DAPITAN, ON THE
FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:
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RIZAL’S LIFE IN DAPITAN
I.
THE GACETA DE MANILA’S NEWSPAPER, STATED THE
REASON WHY RIZAL WAS SENT INTO EXILE.
THE FOLLOWING ARE RIZAL’S CHARGES:
1. During his “voluntary exile” he had published
books and proclamations of very doubtful
loyalty of Spain, which are not only frankly
anti-catholic, but impudently anti-friar,
and introduced these into the archipelago.
2. A few hours after his arrival in the Philippines
, there was found in one of the packages
belonging to the said subject a bundle
of hand bills entitled ‘poor friars’ in which
the patient and humble generosity of the
filipinos is satirized, and in which accusations
are published against the customs of the
religious orders.
That Rizal publicly retract his errors
concerning religion, and make statements
that were clearly spanish and against
revolution.
That he perform the church rites and make
general confession of his past life.
That henceforth he conducts himself in
exemplary manner as a spanish subject and a
man of religion
WINS IN MANILA LOTTERY
•On September 21, 1892 the mail boat
Butuan was approaching the town of
Dapitan carrying a lottery ticket No.9736
jointly owned by Capt. Carnicero, Dr. Rizal
and Francisco Equilior (spanish resident of
dipolog) won the second prize of P20,000
•Rizal’s share of the winning lottery ticket
was P6,200
II.
RIZAL AND FATHER SANCHEZ
•Francisco De Paua Sanchez, Rizal’s favorite
teacher at the Ateneo De Manila, and was
the only spanish priest to defend Rizal’s Noli
Me Tangere in public.
•Rizal and fr. Sanchez argued theologically in
a friendly manner but all the efforts
of sanchez were in vain.
•On Fr. Sanchez’s birthday, Rizal gave a
manuscript entitled Estudios Sobre La Lengua
Tagala.
III.
IDYLLIC LIFE IN DAPITAN
• Since August 1893, members of his
family took turns in visiting him in order
to
assuage his loneliness in the
isolated outpost.
• He built his house by the seashore of Talisay,
surrounded by fruit trees and another house
for his school boys and a hospital for his
patients.
• Describing his life in dapitan, Rizal wrote to
Blumentritt on December 19, 1893.
IV.
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V.
PHYSICIAN IN DAPITAN
Rizal practiced medicine in Dapitan. He
had many patients but most of them were
so poor that he even gave them free
medicine.
He operated his mother’s right eye.
Rizal’s fame as a physician particularly as an
eye specialist pave way to patients
from different parts of the Philippines even
from Hong Kong.
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VII.
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VIII.
•
WATER SYSTEM FOR DAPITAN
•
Rizal held the title of expert surveyor (perito
agrimensor), which he obtained from
Ateneo. In Dapitan, he applied his knowledge
in engineering by constructing a system of
waterworks in order to furnish clean
water to the townspeople. Without any aid
from the government, he succeeded in
giving good water system to Dapitan.
VI.
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COMMUNITY PROJECTS FOR DAPITAN
When Rizal arrived in Dapitan, he decided to
improve it to the best of his God-given
talents.
He spent many months in draining the
marshes in order to get rid of Malaria that
infested in dapitan.
The P500 which an english patient paid him
was used by him to equip the town with its
lighting system which consist coconut oil
lamps placed in dark streets of dapitan.
The beautification and remodeling of the
town plaza with the help of father Sanchez
enhances the beauty as jokingly remarked
that it could “ rival the best in Europe”
RIZAL AS A TEACHER
His exile in Dapitan gave him the opportunity
to put into practice his educational ideas. In
1983 he established a school which existed
until the end of his exile in july 1896.
Rizal taught his students reading, writing,
languages (Spanish and English), geography,
mathematics arithmetic and geometry,
industrial work, nature study, morals and
gymnastics. Outside the class hours, Rizal
encouraged them to play games. They had
gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, stonethrowing, swimming, arnis (native fencing),
and boating.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE
During his four-year exile in Dapitan, Rizal
built up a rich collection of Concology which
consisted of 346 shells representing 203
species.
Rare specimens were discovered and named
after him.
IX. LINGUISTIC STUDIES
 A born linguist, Rizal continued
his
studies of languages. In Dapitan, he learned
the bisaya, subanon, and malay languages.
 On April 5, 1896, his last year of exile in
Dapitan, he wrote to Blumentritt:
“I know already Bisayan and I speak it quite
well.”
 By this time, Rizal could rank with the world’s
great linguists. He knew 22 languages, as
follows:
TAGALOG,
ILOKANO,
BISAYAN,
SUBANON, LATIN, GREEK,
ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, ARABIC,
MALAY, HEBREW, SANSKRIT, DUTCH,
CATALAN,
ITALIAN,
CHINESE,
JAPANESE, PORTUGUESE, SWEDISH, AND
RUSSIAN.
XIII.
X.
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XI.
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XII.
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ARTISTIC WORKS IN DAPITAN
As an artist, he contributed his painting skills
to the Sisters of Charity who were preparing
the sanctuary of the Holy Virgin in their
private chapel.
In 1894, he modeled a statuette representing
the mother-dog killing the crocodile by way
of avenging her lost puppy and called it
“The Mother’s Revenge”.
Other sculptural works of Rizal in Dapitan
were a bust of Father Guerrico (one of his
Ateneo professors), a statue of a girl called
”The Dapitan Girl”, a wood carving of
Josephine Bracken (his wife), and a bust of St.
Paul which he gave to Father Pastells.
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XIV.
RIZAL AS A FARMER
In Dapitan, Rizal bought 16 hectares of land in
Talisay, where he built his home, school, and
hospital and planted cacao, coffee,
sugarcane, coconuts and fruits trees. Later,
the total and holdings reached 70 hectares
containing 6,000 hemp plants, 1000 coconut
trees, and numerous fruit trees, sugarcane,
corn, coffee and cacao.
He introduced modern agricultural methods
to Dapitan farmers and imported agricultural
machinery from the United States.
RIZAL AS BUSINESSMAN
Rizal engaged in business in partnership with
Ramon Carreon on May 14, 1893.
In a letter to Hidalgo, dated January 19, 1893,
he expressed his plan to improve the fishing
industry in Dapitan.
One of his profitable business venture was
the hemp industry. To break the Chinese
Monopoly on business in Dapitan Rizal
organized on January 1, 1895 the
Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers
and according to its constitution, its purpose
were “to improve the farm products, obtain
better outlets for them, collect funds for
their purchase and workers by establishing
a store where in they can buy prime
commodities at moderate prices.
RIZAL’S INVENTIVE ABILITY
Rizal was also an inventor and to remember
that in 1887 while practicing medicine in
Calamba, he invented a cigarette lighter
which he sent to Blumentritt and called
it “sulpukan” made of wood and
its mechanism is based on the principle
of compressed air.
In Dapitan, he invented a wooden machine
for making bricks. This machine could
manufacture about 6,000 bricks daily.
RIZAL AND JOSEPHINE BRACKEN
Marie Josephine Leopoldine Bracken is an
Irish girl. Josephine’s parents are James
Bracken, a corporal in the British garrison,
and Elizabeth Jane Macbride which died
during her childbirth. Josephine was an
adopted daughter by Mr. George Taufer who
later became blind.
Rizal and Josephine fell in love with each other
at first sight. After a whirlwind romance of
one month, they agreed to marry. When Mr.
Traufer heard of their projected marriage, he
flared un in violent rage trying to commit
suicide but Rizal prevented him from killing
himself. Mr. Traufer returned alone in Hong
Kong and Josephine stayed in Manila with
Rizal’s family. They lived as man and wife.
Rizal and Josephine lived happily in Dapitan
and for him Dapitan was a heaven bliss.
In the early part of 1896 Rizal and Josephine
was expecting a baby but unfortunately she
prematurely gave birth to an eight month old
baby boy who lived only for three hours.
XV.
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RIZAL AND THE KATIPUNAN
While Rizal was mourning in the loss of his
son, ominous clouds of revolution darkened
the Philippine skies. Andres Bonifacio, the
“Great Plebeian,” was showing the seeds of
an armed uprising.
Dr. Pio Valenzuela was the emissary to
Dapitan to inform Rizal of the plan of the
Katipunan to launch a revolution for freedom
sake. Rizal objected to Bonifacio’s project to
plunge the country in bloody revolution for
two reasons:
 1. The people are not ready for the
revolution
 2. Arms and funds must be collected
before raising the cry of the
revolution.
XVI.
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XVII.
VOLUNTEERS AS MILITARY DOCTOR IN CUBA
Rizal wrote to Gov. General Ramon Blanco on
December 1895 offering his services as a
military doctor in Cuba.
Great was Rizal’s joy in receiving the news
from Malacanang that at last, he was free.
Once more he can travel to Europe and then
to Cuba. From this, he wrote a heartwarming poem “El Canto del Viajero” (The
Song of the Traveler).
ADIOS DAPITAN
On July 31, 1896, Rizal’s four-year exile in
Dapitan Came to an end. At midnight of that
date, he embarked on board the steamer
España. Almost all Dapitan folks, young and
old, were at the shore to bid him goodbye.
Many wept especially the other pupils who
were poor to accompany their beloved
teacher to Manila. Rizal gazed for the last
time on Dapitan waving in farewell salute to
its kind and hospitable folks and with a crying
heart filled with tears of nostalgic
memories. He sadly went to his cabin and
wrote in his diary: “I have been in that district
four years, thirteen days, and a few hours”.
“ I have always loved my poor country, and I am sure
that I shall love her until death, if by chance men are
unjust to me; and I shall enjoy the happy life,
contented in the thought that all I have suffered, my
past, my present and my future, my life, my loves, my
pleasures, I have sacrificed all of these for love of her.
Happen what may , I shall die blessing her and desiring
the dawn of her redemption.”
2. “The Tribulation”
Preliminary Investigation
In 1896, November 20, Rizal was subjected to a
gruelling 5 day investigation.
Two kinds of evidence presented to Rizal
(1) Testimonial & (2) Documentary
Some Documentary evidence filed against Rizal;
 A Letter of Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce,
dated in Madrid , October 16, 1888.
 A letter of Rizal to his family, dated in Madrid,
August 20, 1890
 Letter of Marcelo H. Del Pilar to Deodatto
Arellano.
 Letter signed by Dimasalang.
Kundiman
is a traditional Filipino love song used by men to
serenade the woman of his love.
Testimonies against Rizal were given by;
 Martin Constantino
 Aguedo Del Rosario
 Jose Reyes
 Moises Salvador
 Jose Dizon
 Timoteo Paez
 Domingo Franco
 Deodato Arellano
 Pio Valenzuela
 Antonio Salazar
 Francisco Quison
Those who were behind his trialCol. Francisco Olive
Governor-General Ramon Blanco
Captain Rafael Dominguez
Nicolas Dela Pena
Lt. Luis Taviel De Andrade
First Lieutenant of the Artillery, the bodyguard of
Rizal.
The Arraignment of Jose Rizal
Rizal was informed that his arraignment was set on
December 11, 1896.
December 13, 1896
While in detention, Rizal released a manifesto that
he denounces the revolution and condemned
Katipunan for using his name without his permission.
Le Actual Trial of Rizal
Rizal’s trial was held in the hall of Banners of the
Cuartel De Espana, in Fort Santiago. He was accused
of 3 crimes, and was given a penalty.
3 Crimes Accused Against Rizal
 Rebellion
 Refusal to accept authority, code or
convention or the open and vowed
renunciation of Authority.
 Sedition
 Incitement of discontent against the
government through speech or writing.
 Illegal Associations
Penalty Given to Rizal
1. Rebellion & Sedition
 Life Imprisonment and Death
2. Illegal Associations
 Correctional Imprisonment and fine. #
Pesetas
Pesetas was the currency of Spain between 1868 to
2002, then it was replaced by Euro.
Visitors of Rizal during his Imprisonment
Rizal received numerous visitors, including his
counsel, some spanish officials, several priest and his
professors.
Father Vicente Balaguer & Santiago Mataix
Defenses against le Verdict
There are 12 defenses which Rizal raised during his
trial.
Teodora Alonzo letter to General Polavieja
“Most Excellent Sir, I beseech Your Excellency to
design to commiserate with a poor mother, who in
the supreme moment of seeing her beloved son die,
addresses herself to Your Excellency in the name of
our God…
“ After tribulation comes the Judgment “
Governor-General Camilo de Polavieja
3.“Demise of A hero”
Rizal’s Remaining Days
Rizal knew that his death will be inevitable after
hearing the court decision. Here are the things he did
knowing his life on earth will soon be gone:
December 29, 1896
 6:00 AM- Captain Rafael Dominguez read
him the official notice of his execution.
 His mother and sisters visited him
 He gave his remaining possessions including
his last poem and letter to his loved ones.
 In his last supper, he said to Captain
Dominguez that he has already forgiven his
enemies.
He wrote the following:
 Letter to Blumentritt
 Mi Ultimo adios (My Last Farewell)
 Letter to his Parents and Siblings
December 30, 1896
 3:00 AM - He spent his time in the chapel
praying.
 5:30 AM - Rizal had his last meal (three
boiled eggs).
 He sang memorabilia (religious pictures and
books).
 6:30 AM - Rizal walked to Bagumbayan and
the sound of the trumpet and drums served
as the signal of the death march.
 People are lined up on the streets and Rizal
didn’t showed sadness in his face.
Facing the Death Bravely
 Rizal refused to kneel and the blindfold.
 The commander refused the request of Rizal
to not turn his back in the firing squad.
 Before the execution, he shook the hand of
his defense lawyer.
 The doctor was shocked at Rizal having a
normal pulse minutes before his death.
 “Consummatum est!”
 The Spaniards shouted “Viva Espana!
Muerte a los Traidores and the crowd
responded their silence.