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Master- Budget- Questions practice mcqs
Bsa (Philippine College of Science and Technology)
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MASTER BUDGET
THEORY
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
A budget aids in
a.
b.
c.
d.
communication.
motivation.
coordination.
all of the above.
ANSWER:
2.
Planning
Controlling
Organizing
Staffing
ANSWER:
b
EASY
The preparation of an organization’s budget
a.
b.
c.
d.
forces management to look ahead and try to see the future of the organization.
requires that the entire management team work together to make and carry out the
yearly plan.
makes performance review possible at all levels of management.
all of the above.
ANSWER:
4.
EASY
Measuring the firm’s performance against established objectives is part of which of the
following functions?
a.
b.
c.
d.
3.
d
d
EASY
Which of the following is a basic element of effective budgetary control?
a.
b.
c.
d.
cost behavior patterns
cost-volume-profit analysis
standard costing
all of the above
ANSWER:
a
EASY
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5.
When actual performance varies from the budgeted performance, managers will be more
likely to revise future budgets if the variances were
a.
b.
c.
d.
controllable rather than uncontrollable.
uncontrollable rather than controllable.
favorable rather than unfavorable.
small.
ANSWER:
6.
annual budget.
industry price and cost structure.
talents possessed by its managers.
board of directors.
ANSWER:
EASY
a planning tool.
a control tool.
a means of communicating goals to the firm’s divisions.
all of the above.
ANSWER:
d
EASY
Ineffective budgets and/or control systems are characterized by the use of
a.
b.
c.
d.
budgets as a planning tool only and disregarding them for control purposes.
budgets for motivation.
budgets for coordination.
the budget for communication.
ANSWER:
9.
b
A budget is
a.
b.
c.
d.
8.
MEDIUM
External factors that cause the achievement of company goals are the
a.
b.
c.
d.
7.
b
a
EASY
Strategic planning is
a.
b.
c.
d.
planning activities for promoting products for the future.
planning for appropriate assignments of resources.
setting standards for the use of important but hard-to-find materials.
stating and establishing long-term plans.
ANSWER:
d
EASY
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10.
Key variables that are identified in strategic planning are
a.
b.
c.
d.
normally controllable if they are internal.
seldom if ever controllable.
normally controllable if they occur in a domestic market.
normally uncontrollable if they are internal.
ANSWER:
11.
middle
top
middle and top
operational
ANSWER:
EASY
All organizations have the same set of budgets.
All organizations are required to budget.
Budgets are a quantitative expression of an organization’s goals and objectives.
Budgets should never be used to evaluate performance.
ANSWER:
c
EASY
Which of the following is not an “operating” budget?
a.
b.
c.
d.
sales budget
production budget
purchases budget
capital budget
ANSWER:
14.
c
Which of the following statements is true?
a.
b.
c.
d.
13.
EASY
Tactical planning usually involves which level of management?
a.
b.
c.
d.
12.
a
d
EASY
The master budget is a static budget because it
a.
b.
c.
d.
is geared to only one level of production and sales.
never changes from one year to the next.
covers a preset period of time.
always contains the same operating and financial budgets.
ANSWER:
a
EASY
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15.
The master budget is a
a.
b.
c.
d.
static budget.
flexible budget.
qualitative expression of a prior goal.
qualitative expression of a future goal.
ANSWER:
16.
an operating budget.
a capital budget.
pro forma financial statements.
all of the above.
ANSWER:
EASY
performance analysis
increased communication
increased coordination
required planning
ANSWER:
d
EASY
Chronologically, the first part of the master budget to be prepared would be the
a.
b.
c.
d.
sales budget.
production budget.
cash budget.
pro forma financial statements.
ANSWER:
19.
d
Which of the following is usually perceived as being the master budget’s greatest
advantage to management?
a.
b.
c.
d.
18.
EASY
The master budget usually includes
a.
b.
c.
d.
17.
a
a
EASY
An example of a recurring short-term plan is
a.
b.
c.
d.
a probable product line change.
expansion of plant and facilities.
a unit sales forecast.
a change in marketing strategies.
ANSWER:
c
EASY
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20.
If the chief accountant of a firm has to prepare an operating budget for the coming year,
the first budget to be prepared is the
a.
b.
c.
d.
sales budget.
cash budget.
purchases budget.
capital budget.
ANSWER:
21.
capital budget.
cash budget.
purchases budget.
pro forma balance sheet.
ANSWER:
a
EASY
Budgeted production for a period is equal to
a.
b.
c.
d.
the beginning inventory + sales – the ending inventory.
the ending inventory + sales – the beginning inventory.
the ending inventory + the beginning inventory – sales.
sales – the beginning inventory + purchases.
ANSWER:
23.
EASY
It is least likely that a production budget revision would cause a revision in the
a.
b.
c.
d.
22.
a
b
EASY
Chronologically, in what order are the sales, purchases, and production budgets prepared?
a.
b.
c.
d.
sales, purchases, production
sales, production, purchases
production, sales, purchases
purchases, sales, production
ANSWER:
b
EASY
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24.
The material purchases budget tells a manager all of the following except the
a.
b.
c.
d.
quantity of material to be purchased each period.
quantity of material to be consumed each period.
cost of material to be purchased each period.
cash payment for material each period.
ANSWER:
25.
sales
material usage
revenues
general and administrative
ANSWER:
b
EASY
The amount of raw material purchased in a period may be different than the amount of
material used that period because
a.
b.
c.
d.
the number of units sold may be different from the number of units produced.
finished goods inventory may fluctuate during the period.
the raw material inventory may increase/decrease during the period.
companies often pay for material in the period after it is purchased.
ANSWER:
27.
EASY
Of the following budgets, which one is least likely to be determined by the dictates of top
management?
a.
b.
c.
d.
26.
d
c
MEDIUM
A purchases budget is
a.
b.
c.
d.
not affected by the firm’s policy of granting credit to customers.
the same thing as a production budget.
needed only if a firm does not pay for its merchandise in the same period as it is
purchased.
affected by a firm’s inventory policy only if the firm purchases on credit.
ANSWER:
a
EASY
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28.
Which of the following equations can be used to budget purchases?
(BI = beginning inventory, EI = ending inventory desired, CGS = budgeted cost of goods
sold, P = budgeted purchases)
a.
b.
c.
d.
P = CGS + BI – EI
P = CGS + BI
P = CGS + EI + BI
P = CGS + EI – BI
ANSWER:
29.
material purchases budget.
production budget.
pro forma income statement.
cash budget.
ANSWER:
a
EASY
A company that maintains a raw material inventory, which is based on the following
month’s production needs, will purchase less material than it uses in a month where
a.
b.
c.
d.
sales exceed production.
production exceeds sales.
planned production exceeds the next month’s planned production.
planned production is less than the next month’s planned production.
ANSWER:
31.
EASY
Both the budgeted quantity of material to be purchased and the budgeted quantity of
material to be consumed can be found in the
a.
b.
c.
d.
30.
d
c
MEDIUM
If a company has a policy of maintaining an inventory of finished goods at a specified
percentage of the next month’s budgeted sales, budgeted production for January will
exceed budgeted sales for January when budgeted
a.
b.
c.
d.
February sales exceed budgeted January sales.
January sales exceed budgeted December sales.
January sales exceed budgeted February sales.
December sales exceed budgeted January sales.
ANSWER:
a
MEDIUM
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32.
Depreciation on the production equipment would appear in which of the following
budgets?
a.
b.
c.
d.
cash budget
production budget
selling and administrative expense budget
manufacturing overhead budget
ANSWER:
33.
production
sales
cash
purchases
ANSWER:
b
EASY
The budgeted amount of selling and administrative expense for a period can be found in
the
a.
b.
c.
d.
sales budget.
cash budget.
pro forma income statement.
pro forma balance sheet.
ANSWER:
35.
EASY
The selling, general, and administrative expense budget is based on the
_______________ budget.
a.
b.
c.
d.
34.
d
c
EASY
Which of the following represents a proper sequencing in which the budgets below are
prepared?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Direct Material Purchases, Cash, Sales
Production, Sales, Income Statement
Sales, Balance Sheet, Direct Labor
Sales, Production, Manufacturing Overhead
ANSWER:
d
EASY
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36.
The detailed plan for the acquisition and replacement of major portions of property, plant,
and equipment is known as the
a.
b.
c.
d.
capital budget.
purchases budget.
commitments budget.
treasury budget.
ANSWER:
37.
labor budget.
pro forma income statement.
selling, general, and administrative expense budget.
cash budget.
ANSWER:
d
EASY
The cash budget ignores all
a.
b.
c.
d.
dividend payments.
sales of capital assets.
noncash accounting accruals.
sales of common stock.
ANSWER:
39.
EASY
The budgeted payment for labor cost each period would be found in the
a.
b.
c.
d.
38.
a
c
EASY
Which of the following items would not be found in the financing section of the cash
budget?
a.
b.
c.
d.
cash payments for debt retirement
cash payments for interest
dividend payments
payment of accounts payable
ANSWER:
d
EASY
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40.
The primary reason that managers impose a minimum cash balance in the cash budget is
a.
b.
c.
d.
because management needs discretionary cash for unforeseen business
opportunities.
managers lack discipline to control their spending.
that it protects the organization from the uncertainty of the budgeting process.
that it makes the financial statements look more appealing to creditors.
ANSWER:
41.
pro forma financial statements.
cash budget.
capital budget
production budget.
ANSWER:
a
EASY
The pro forma income statement is not a component of the
a.
b.
c.
d.
master budget.
financial budgets.
operating budgets.
capital budget.
ANSWER:
43.
EASY
Chronologically, the last part of the master budget to be prepared would be the
a.
b.
c.
d.
42.
c
c
EASY
A pro forma financial statement is
a.
b.
c.
d.
a financial statement for past periods.
a projected or budgeted financial statement.
presented for the form but contains no dollar amounts.
a statement of planned production.
ANSWER:
b
EASY
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44.
A master budget contains which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANSWER:
45.
EASY
production budget.
sales budget.
purchases budget.
pro forma income statement.
ANSWER:
d
EASY
A budget that includes a 12-month planning period at all times is called a ____________
budget.
a.
b.
c.
d.
pro forma
flexible
master
continuous
ANSWER:
47.
a
Pro forma statements
yes
yes
no
yes
The budgeted cost of products to be sold in a future period would be found in the
a.
b.
c.
d.
46.
Production
yes
no
no
no
Sales
yes
no
no
yes
d
EASY
The method of budgeting that adds one month’s budget to the end of the plan when the
current month’s budget is dropped from the plan is called ____________ budgeting.
a.
b.
c.
d.
long-term
operations
incremental
continuous
ANSWER:
d
EASY
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48.
Slack in operating budgets
a.
b.
c.
d.
results from unintentional managerial acts.
makes an organization more efficient and effective.
requires managers to work harder to achieve the budget.
is greater when managers are allowed to participate in the budgeting process.
ANSWER:
49.
d
EASY
Budget slack is a condition in which
a.
b.
c.
d.
demand is low at various times of the year.
excess machine capacity exists in some areas of the plant.
there is an intentional overestimate of expenses or an underestimate of revenues.
managers grant favored employees extra time off.
ANSWER:
c
EASY
1. Which of the following objectives is not a primary purpose of preparing a budget?
a. To provide a basis for comparison of actual performance
b. To communicate the company’s plans throughout the entire business organization
c. To control income and expenditure in a given period.
d. To make sure the company expands its operations.
2. Budget slack is a condition in which
a. demand is low at various times of the year.
b. excess machine capacity exists in some areas of the plant.
c. there is an intentional overestimate of expenses or an underestimate of revenues.
d. managers grant favored employees extra time off.
3. Ineffective budgets and/or control systems are characterized by the use of
a. budgets as a planning tool only and disregarding them for control purposes.
b. budgets for motivation.
c. budgets for coordination.
d. the budget for communication.
4. For better management acceptance, the flow of data to be used for budgeting should begin
with
a. Accounting department
c. Lower levels of management
b. Top management
d. Budget committee
5. These statements are proper to the budgeting process except:
a. It is a part of management’s responsibility to plan the use of its resources.
b. It is a tool to orchestrate the various functions of operations in a business.
c. The involvement of the various levels of individuals in the company is necessary to gain
its acceptance and attain its goals.
d. Actual results need not be compared with plan, since the process ends after budget is
approved.
6. In budgeting, which of the following statements is false?
a. Budgeting provides a measuring device to which subsequent performances are compared
and evaluated.
b. Planning and control are the essential features of the budgeting process
c. Budget preparation is not the sole responsibility of any one department and is prepared by
combining the efforts of many individuals
d. Capital expenditures budget shows the availability of idle cash for investment
7. Activity-based budgeting includes all the following steps EXCEPT
a. determining demands for activities from sales and production targets.
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b. computing the cost of performing activities.
c. determining a separate cost-driver rate for each department.
d. describing the budget as costs of activities rather than costs of functions.
8. Just-in-time manufacturers are more likely than conventional manufacturers to
a. Prepare production budgets without a sales forecast.
b. Budget materials purchases equal to the current month’s needs for production.
c. Budget unit production for the month at greater than budgeted unit sales for the month.
d. Experience cash shortages.
9. On budgeting, all of the following are not valid, except
a. Responsibility budget identifies revenue and costs with the individual responsible for
their incurrence.
b. The best way to establish budget figures is to use last year’s actual cost and activity data
as this year’s budget estimates.
c. A sales budget and a sales forecast are the same thing.
d. The primary purpose of the cash budget is to show the expected cash balance at the end
of the budget period.
10. Which of the following statements is True?
a. Under zero-based budgeting, a manager is required to start at zero budget levels each
period, as if the programs involved were being initiated for the first time.
b. The primary purpose of the cash budget is to show the expected cash balance at the end
of the budget period.
c. Budget data are generally prepared by top management and distributed downward in an
organization.
d. The budget committee is responsible for preparing detailed budget figures in an
organization.
11. A budget that includes a 12-month planning period at all times is called a __________
budget.
a. pro forma
b. flexible
c. master
d. continuous
12. Budgeting expenditures by purpose is called
a. Program budgeting.
c. Line budgeting.
b. Zero-based budgeting.
d. Flexible budgeting.
13. A systematized approach known as zero-based budgeting (ZBB)
a. Presents planned activities for a period of time but does not present a firm commitment.
b. Divides the activities of individual responsibility centers into a series of packages that are
prioritized.
c. Classifies the budget by the prior year’s activity and estimates the benefits arising from
each activity.
d. Commences with the current level of spending.
14. The procedure for setting profit objectives in which management specifies a given rate of
return that it seeks to realize in the long run by means of planning toward that end is the:
A. a priori method
D. theoretical method
B. ad hoc method
E. a posteriori method
C. pragmatic method
15. This budgeting system places the burden of proof on the manager to justify authority to
spend any money whether or not there was spending in the previous period. Different ways
of performing the same activity and different levels of effort for the activity is evaluated.
This system is called
a. Scenario budgeting.
c. Budgeting by alternatives.
b. Zero-based budgeting.
d. Budgeting by responsibility and authority.
16. In zero-based budgeting, which of the following statements are True?
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1. All activities in the company are organized into break-up units called packages.
2. All costs have to be justified every budgeting period.
3. The process is not time consuming since justification of costs can be done as a routine
matter.
a. All three statements.
c. Statement 1 only.
b. Statements 1 and 2 only.
d. Statement 2 and 3 only.
17. A budget that is expressed in units of materials, number of employees, or number of manhours or service units rather than in pesos is known as
a. Planning budget b. Progressive budget c. Physical budget d. Traditional budget
18. Which of these statements are advantages of profit planning?
1. Develops profit-mindedness, encourages cost consciousness and resources utilization
throughout the company.
2. Provides vehicle to communicate objectives, gain support for the plan, of what is
expected, thereby developing a sense of commitment to achieve established goals.
3. Provides yardstick to evaluate actual performance; encouraging efficiency, increasing
output and reducing cost.
4. Provides a sense of direction for the company and enhances coordination of business
activity.
5. Eliminates or takes over the role of administration by providing detailed information that
allows executives to operate toward achievement of the organization’s objectives.
a. Statements 3, 4, and 5 only.
c. Statements 1, 3, and 4 only.
b. All five statements.
d. Statements 1, 2, 3, and 4 only.
19. For a company that does not have resource limitations in what sequence would the budgets
be prepared?
1. cash budget
4. production budgets
2. sales budget
5. purchase budgets
3. inventory budgets
a. sequence 2, 3, 4, 5 and 1
c. sequence 2, 4, 3, 5 and 1
b. sequence 2, 3, 4,1 and 5
d. sequence 4, 3, 2, 1 and 5
20. A budget that identifies revenues and costs with an individual controlling their incurrence is
c. Responsibility budget
a. Master budget
b. Product budget
d. None of the above
21. If a company has a policy of maintaining an inventory of finished goods at a specified
percentage of the next month's budgeted sales, budgeted production for January will exceed
budgeted sales for January when budgeted
a. February sales exceed budgeted January sales.
b. January sales exceed budgeted December sales.
c. January sales exceed budgeted February sales.
d. December sales exceed budgeted January sales.
22. A company that maintains a raw material inventory, which is based on the following month's
production needs, will purchase less material than it uses in a month where
a. sales exceed production.
b. production exceeds sales.
c. planned production exceeds the next month's planned production.
d. planned production is less than the next month's planned production.
23. A company has prepared a cash budget for January through June of 20x3. Which of the
following, discovered in February 20x3, is LEAST likely to require revising the cash budget?
a. February sales are lower than budgeted.
b. The interest rate on short-term borrowing is higher than budgeted.
c. The company increased from 10% to 20% the down payment it requires from customers.
d. The company changed inventory methods from LIFO to FIFO.
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24. Which of the following is not a functional budget?
a. Research and development budget
c. Cash budget
b. Purchasing budget
d. Direct labor cost
25. By the end of this year you expect to have a cash balance of P500,000. Which of these
transactions/indicators (not considered in your estimate) will reduce this balance?
a. A modification on credit terms to customers will reduce credit sales.
b. A dialogue with key suppliers will allow discounts on extended payment terms.
c. A new machine will be bought with proceeds from a bank loan that will carry a 17%
interest per annum and monthly payments over 2 years.
d. The ratio of current trade receivables to total receivables will decrease.
26. Information not shown in the cash budget but needed in the preparation of the statement of
operations for the period
a. Sales
b. Dividends
c. Inventory levels d. Tax Payments
27. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be affected if unit sales for this month are lower
than budgeted?
a. Production for this month.
c. Cash receipts for next month.
b. Production for next month.
d. Inventory at the end of this month.
28. The cash budget for 20x2 would be affected in some way by all of the following EXCEPT
a. A cash dividend declared in 20x1 for payment in 20x2.
b. A cash dividend declared in 20x2 for payment in 20x3.
c. Interest expense on loans taken out and repaid during 20x2.
d. The sales forecast for the first month in 20x3.
29. Net cash inflow is given too much emphasis by managers today, for they know that cash is
the common cause of business failures. Net cash inflow is equal to
a. Cash balance at the beginning + cash receipts – cash disbursements
b. Cash balance at the end of last month + cash from all sources of revenue – revenue
payments
c. Cash received during the period minus cash disbursements during the period
d. Cash sales and collections of accounts receivable minus revenue and capital expenditures
30. A financing gap occurs when
a. Required assets exceed available equities.
b. The budgeted cash balance goes below the minimum required balance.
c. Budgeted cash receipts are less than budgeted cash disbursements.
d. Any of the above occurs.
31. Which of the following statements about budgeted financial statements is incorrect?
a. Cost of goods sold is determined by multiplying the budgeted unit sales by the budgeted
total unit production cost.
b. The budgeted income statement is developed from the budgeted for the current year.
c. The budgeted balance sheet is developed entirely from the budgets for the current year.
d. Once established, the budgeted income statement provides the basis for evaluating
company performance.
32. Which of the following is most likely to result if X’s managers decide to reduce inventory to
alleviate a cash deficiency shown in its initial cash budget?
a. A decrease in X’s cost-of-sales percentage.
b. A decrease in X’s budgeted purchases.
c. A lowering of X’s credit rating.
d. A longer collection period for X’s credit sales.
33. If cash receipts from customers are greater than sales, which of the following is most likely
to be true?
a. Accounts receivable will decrease.
c. Cash balance will increase.
b. Outstanding debt will decrease.
d. The company will show a profit.
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34. Considering budgeting concepts and principles, which of the following statements is not
applicable?
a. The only difference between a flexible budget and a static budget is that a flexible budget
does not contain fixed costs.
b. A flexible budget is geared toward a range of activity rather than toward a single level of
activity.
c. Although it is effective in measuring production control, a static budget is not effective in
measuring cost control.
d. The flexible budget is often used as a basis for preparing the pre-determined overhead
rate.
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PROBLEMS
1. Budgeted sales for the first six months of 2001 for Henry Corp. are listed below:
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
Jan
UNITS:
6,000
7,000
8,000
7,000
5,000
4,000
Henry Corp. has a policy of maintaining an inventory of finished goods equal to 40 percent
of the next month's budgeted sales. If Henry Corp. plans to produce 6,000 units in June, what
are budgeted sales for July?
c. 9,000 units
d. 8,000 units
a. 3,600 units
b. 1,000 units
Solution:
Beginning Inventory for June (4,000 x 40%)
1,600
Add: production for June
6,000
Total Goods Available for Sale
7,600
Less: Sales
4,000
Inventory for June
3,600
40%
Divided by
Sales for July
9,000
2. Beatless Corp, plans to sell 200,000 units of Let-It-Be product in July and anticipate a growth
in sales of 5% per month. The target ending inventory in units of the product is 80% of the
next month’s estimated sales. There are 150,000 units in inventory as of the end of June.
The production requirement in units of Let-It-Be for the quarter ending September 30 would
be
a. 670,560
b. 691,525
c. 665,720
d. 675,925
SOLUTION:
Ending Inventory for Sept. (80% of October Sales of 231,525)
185,220
Add: Total Sales for the quarter
450,500
Total Goods Available for Sale
635,720
150,000
Less: Beginning Inventory (June)
Total Production for the QUARTER
665,720
3. Mien Co. is budgeting sales of 53,000 units of product Nous for October 2000. The
manufacture of one unit of Nous requires 4 kilos of chemical Loire. During October 1998,
Mine plans to reduce the inventory of Loire by 50,000 kilos and increase the finished goods
inventory of Nous by 6,000 units. There is no Nous work in process inventory. How many
kilos of Loire is Mien budgeting to purchase in October 2000?
a. 138,000
b. 162,000
c. 186,000
d. 238,000
4. Next month’s budgeted sales for TEMP is 18,000 units. Each unit of product
TEMP uses 6 kilograms of raw materials. The production and inventory budgets
for June 1992 are as follows:
Opening Inventory
Planned Ending Inventory
Raw materials
21,000 kgs.
24,400 kgs.
Finished goods
15,000 units
11,400 units
During the production process, it is usually found that 10% of production units are scrapped
as defective and this loss occurs after the raw materials have been placed in process.
What will the raw material purchases be in June?
a. 89,800 kgs.
b. 96,000 kgs.
c. 98,440 kgs.
d. 99,400 kgs.
Questions 5 and 6 are based on the following information.
Sta. Barbara is one of the manufacturers of a part used in the production of a popular consumer
product. Sales of the consumer product in 1985 are estimated at 5,000,000 units. Sta. Barbara
regularly supplies 40% of the parts used in the new products. Two parts units are needed for
each product unit. Aside from the new products, there is also a replacement parts market.
Over the past three years, the company has sold the following number of
replacement parts:
1982
300,000
1983
330,000
1984
363,000
This trend is expected to continue. The parts are sold for P4 per piece in the new products
market and P4.50 in the replacement parts market.
5. The estimated number of parts to be sold by Sta. Barbara in 1985 is
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a. 2,399,300
b. 4,000,000
c. 4,399,300
d. 4,435,600
6. The amount of expected revenue based on the estimated number of parts to be sold in 1985 is
a. P9,796,850
b. P16,000,000
c. P17,597,200
d. P17,796,850
7. In preparing its cash budget for July, 19x7, Art Company made the following
projections
Sales
P1,500,000
Gross Profit
25%
Decrease in inventories
P 70,000
Decrease in accounts payable for inventories
120,000
For July, 19X7, what were the estimated cash disbursement for inventories?
c. P1,175,000.
d. P 935,000.
a. P1,050,000.
b. P1,055,000.
8. Cook Co.’s total costs of operating five sales offices last year were $500,000, of which
$70,000 represented fixed costs. Cook has determined that total costs are significantly
influenced by the number of sales offices operated. Last year’s costs and number of sales
offices can be used as the bases for predicting annual costs. What would be the budgeted
cost for the coming year if Cook were to operate seven sales offices?
a. $700,000
b. $672,000
c. $602,000
d. $586,000
9. Each unit of product ZIM takes five direct labor hours to make. Quality standards are high
and 8% of units produced are normally rejected due to substandard quality. Next month’s budgets are as
follows:
Beginning inventory of finished goods
3,000 units
Planned ending inventory of finished goods
7,600 units
Budgeted sales of ZIM
36,800 units
All stocks of finished goods must have successfully passed the quality control check. What
is the direct labor budget for the month?
a. 198,720 hours
b. 200,000 hours
c. 223,500 hours
d. 225,000 hours
10. Tropical Manufacturing Corporation is using the following flexible-budget formula for
annual indirect labor cost: Total cost = P12,000 + P0.75 per machine hour. For the month of
June, the operating budgets are based upon 10,000 hours of planned machine time. Indirect
labor costs included in this planning budget are
b. P8,500
c. P17,500
d. P19,500
a. P7,500
Questions 11 and 12 are based on the following information.
The budget committee of Ferbel Company is preparing its manufacturing budget for the year
1983. Initial estimates indicate an annual sales forecast of 40,000 units. The company shall also
need 10,000 units for stock. Economic lot purchases of 1,750 kilos of material A at P8 per kilo
and 1,000 liters of material B at P15 per liter are required to produce the 50,000 units.
Budgeted factory overhead expenses for this production are:
Fixed factory overhead
Supervision
P4,000
Depreciation
P2,300
Insurance
P 500
Variable factory overhead
Indirect labor
P0.50 per direct labor hour
Indirect supplies
P0.008 per unit
General factory
P0.10 per direct labor hour
Labor hours and rates for the two operations are
Operation 1
4,000 hours at P5.00 per hour
Operation 2
2,000 hours at P4.50 per hour
11. Based on the above information, the budgeted total manufacturing costs for Ferbel Company
for the year 1983 would be
a. P51,040
b. P60,800
c. P68,800
d. P76,560
12. The factory overhead rate based on direct labor hours would be
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a. P0.67 per direct labor hour
b. P1.80 per direct labor hour
xxx
c. P2.16 per direct labor hour
d. P2.70 per direct labor hour
13. Budji Corp. is preparing its budget for 19B. For 19A, the following were reported:
Sales (100,000 units)
P1,000,000
Cost of Goods Sold
600,000
Gross Profit
P 400,000
Operating Expenses (including depreciation of P40,000)
240,000
Net Income
P 160,000
Selling prices will increase by 10% and sales volume in units will decrease by 5%. The cost
of goods sold as a percent of sales will increase to 62%. Other than depreciation, all
operating costs are variable. Budji will budget a net income for 19B of
a. P167,100
b. P167,500
c. P168,000
d. P176,000
14. Karmel, Inc. pays out sales commissions to its sales team in the month the company receives
cash for payment. These commissions equal 5% of total (monthly) cash inflows as a result of
sales. Karmel has budgeted sales of $300,000 for August, $400,000 for September, and
$200,000 for October. Approximately, half of all sales are on credit, and the other half are all
cash sales. Experience indicates that 70% of the budgeted credit sales will be collected in the
month following the sale, 20% the month after that, and 10% of the sales will be
uncollectible. Based on this information, what should be the total amount of sales
commissions paid out by Karmel in the month of October?
a. $8,500
b. $13,500
c. $17,000
d. $22,000
xxx
15. It is budgeting time for Del Co. The following assumptions were agreed upon for the next
year after a strategic planning session which covered a five-year horizon
1. Sales is estimated to be at 70,000 units at its national selling price of P126.00. 75%
of total sales are on credit. 1.5% of net sales is provided for doubtful accounts.
2. Sales discounts are given to various customers at different rates and net to gross ratio
is at 93%
3. Mark-up on merchandise is at 45% of invoice cost. Beginning inventory is P80,900
and is expected to be reduced by P15,000 at the end of the period.
4. Selling and administrative expenses is expected to be 15% of gross sales.
5. Depreciation is computed at P500,000.
The projected operating income for the year is
d. P173,802
a. P252,741
b. P296,841
c. P252,341
16. Pera Inc. prepared the following sales budget
Month
Cash Sales
Credit Sales
February
P 80,000
P 340,000
March
100,000
400,000
April
90,000
370,000
May
120,000
460,000
June
110,000
380,000
Collections are 40% in the month of sale, 45% in the month following the sale, and 10% two
months following the sale. The remaining 5% is expected to be uncollectible. The
company’s total budgeted collection from April to June amounts to
a. P1,090,250
b. P1,325,500
c. P1,468,500
d. P1,397,500
17. The following historical pattern on its credit sales of Rainy Co. was presented:
70% collection during the month of sale.
15% in the first month after sale.
10% in the second month after sale.
4% in the third month after sale.
1% uncollectible.
The sales on account of the last six months of the year were reported as follows:
July
August
September
October
P120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
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November
200,000
December
170,000
The total cash collections during the fourth calendar quarter from sales made on account
during the fourth calendar quarter would be
d. P460,000
a. P345,000
b. P550,000
c. P502,800
18. Sta. Elena Merchandising Company plans to sell in December 15,000 units of its product at a
unit price of P20. The estimated gross profit is 25% of sales. The inventory will be
increased in December in anticipation of higher sales volume for Christmas. The increase
will be about P100,000. Amounts payable to trade creditors will also increase by P25,000.
Estimate of payment to be made during the month of December for merchandise is
a. P300,000
b. P250,000
c. P150,000
d. P100,000
19. JLT Corporation expects to sell 150,000 units during the first quarter of 1998, with an ending
inventory for the quarter of 20,000 units. Variable manufacturing costs are budgeted at P50
per unit, with 70% of total variable manufacturing costs requiring cash payments during the
quarter. Fixed manufacturing costs are budgeted at P120,000 per quarter, 40% of which are
expected to require cash payment during the quarter.
In the cash budget, payments for manufacturing costs during the quarter will total
a. P8,500,000
b. P5,950,000
c. P5,998,000
d. P5,298,000
20. MNO Corporation has a P35,000 balance of account receivable at the beginning of its budget
period. It has budgeted P160,000 credit sales and expects to collect 70% of these during the
budget period.
What is the ending balance of accounts receivable assuming that all but 10% of the beginning
balance is collected during the budget period.
a. $3,560
b. P51,500
c. P71,500
d. P143,500
21. Harrison Company has budgeted its operations for August. No change in the inventory level
during the month is planned. Selected data based on estimated amounts are as follows:
Net loss
$(120,000)
Increase in accounts payable
48,000
Depreciation expense
42,000
Decrease in gross amounts of trade account receivables
72,000
Purchase of equipment on 90-day credit terms
18,000
Provision for estimated warranty liability
12,000
What is the expected change in the cash position during August?
A. $18,000 decrease. B. $30,000 decrease. C. $36,000 increase. D. $54,000 increase.
22. The following information was extracted from the May Cash Budget of Hair Stars, a groom
pad for men and women:
Budget of Hair Stars, a groom pad for men and women:
Excess of cash available over disbursements
P 800
Cash balance, May 1
10,100
Total cash disbursement for May
32,500
The business can only borrow money in round figures of P1,000 amounts. If the business is
required to maintain a minimum cash balance of P10,000, how much money should be
borrowed in May?
a. P9,200
b. P10,000
c. P22,000
d. P23,000
23. In preparing its budget for July, 1997, Joy Company has the follow ing accounts receivable
information available:
Accounts receivable at June 30, 19x7
P350,000
Estimated credit sales for July
P400,000
Estimated collections in July for credit sales in July and prior months P320,000
Estimated write-offs in July for uncollectible credit sales
P 16,000
Estimated provision for doubtful accounts for credit sales in July
P 12,000
What is the projected balance of accounts receivable at July 31, 19x7?
a. P402,000.
b. P430,000.
c. P414,000.
d. P426,000.
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24. The January 1983 budget of Balagtas Company is being prepared by the budget
officer of the company. In the preparation of the cash budget the estimates for
the month of January, 1983 include the following:
Sales
P937,500
Gross profit (based on sales)
25%
Increase in inventories
P75,000
Decrease in trade accounts payable
P30,000
The estimated cash disbursements for inventories in January, 1983 is
a. P598,125
b. P733,125
c. P748,125
d. P808,125
25. GLORIA CORP. has the following budget estimates for its second year of operations:
Projected sales – P3,500,000
Projected net income before tax – 12% of sales
Estimated selling and administrative expenses – 25% of sales
Direct labor and factory overhead are budgeted at 70% of the total manufacturing cost.
Inventories are estimated as follows:
Raw materials
Goods in process
Finished goods
Beginning
P220,000
P250,000
P350,000
Ending
270,000
300,000
420,000
The estimated purchases of raw materials would be
a. P967,500
b. P732,500
c. P697,000
d. P747,500
26. Digna Company had the following transactions in 19x7, their first year of operations
Sales (90% collected in 1997)
P1,500,000
Bad debts write-offs
60,000
Disbursements for cost and expenses
1,200,000
Disbursement for income taxes
90,000
Purchase of fixed assets
400,000
Depreciation of fixed assets
80,000
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
500,000
Proceeds from short-term borrowings
100,000
Payments on short-term borrowings
50,000
What is the cash balance at December 31, 19x7?
a. P210,000.
b. P150,000.
c. P280,000.
d. P170,000
Questions 27 thu 30 are based on the following information.
For purposes of preparing the cash projections and other budget estimates for the third quarter of
1988, the following information is presented to you by the management of Virgo Corporation:
Second Quarter Sales Data:
Pesos
Units
April
P 530,000
10,600
May
550,000
11,000
June
570,000
11,400
Projected sales for the next four months
Pesos
Units
July
540,000
10,800
August
550,000
11,000
September
560,000
11,200
October
580,000
11,600
All sales are on charge basis and billed at the end of the month. A 5% discount is given on
collections within the 15 days from billing date. Sales collections are generally made as follows:
70% within the month following the billing date with 40% of this being collected within the
discount period.
27% on the second month following the billing date.
3% considered uncollectible
Merchandise purchases are generally paid as follows:
50% within the month they are incurred.
50% after the month they are incurred
Ending inventory in units (cost per unit is P40) is 30% higher than the following month’s sales in
units. Operating expenses are on cash basis and are estimated to be 15% of the current month’s
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sales including monthly depreciation of P10,000.
As of June 30, 1988, Accounts Receivable balance was P630,000 and Merchandise Inventory
was P565,000.
27. The budgeted cash collections for the month of July would be
a. P547,500
b. P539,520
c. P556,020
d. P391,020
28. The budgeted cash payments of the month of September would be
a. P518,000
b. P533,600
c. P468,800
d. P459,600
29. The projected net income for September would be
a. P122,200
b. P112,000
c. P28,000
d. P38,000
30. The balance of accounts receivable at the end of July, assuming that no uncollectible
accounts are written off for July would be (VD)
a. P622,500
b. P645,660
c. P613,980
d. P630,480
Questions 31 thru 38 are based on the following information.
The following information has been gathered by the Budget Director of the Kareton Company,
another outfit managed by the Masugid Company. The firm manufactures and sells only one
product. The selling price during the coming month is expected to be the prevailing price of P5
per unit. Expected sales during the month is a total of 75,000 units of finished goods. Finished
goods expected to be on hand at the end of the month total 50,000 units. Finished goods
expected to be on hand at the beginning of he month total 42,000 units.
Direct labor cost is P3.00 per hour. One-fourth an hour of direct labor is required to manufacture
each unit of finished product.
Factory overhead is applied to work-in-process on the basis of direct labor hours. Variable
factory expenses at the planned level of operations is expected to amount to P33,200; fixed
overhead is expected to amount to P99,600.
The raw materials expected to be on hand at the beginning of the month total 5,000 gallons.
Only one kind of raw material is used to produce the finished goods. One and one-half gallons
of raw material are needed to manufacture each unit of finished product. Raw materials are
expected to cost P0.18 per gallon during the coming month, its prevailing cost. Raw materials
expected to be on hand at the end of the month total 8,000 gallons.
Variable administrative and selling expenses is P1.00 per unit.
In assisting the company to formulate the budget, you determined the following budget
parameters.
31. Budgeted cost of raw materials to be used in production is
a. P124,500
b. P14,940
c. P8,910
d. P22,410
32. Budgeted raw materials purchases cost is
a. P22,950
b. P22,410
c. P23,760
d. P124,500
33. Budgeted direct labor is
a. P20,750
b. P83,000
c. P62,250
d. P33,200
34. Variable overhead cost per direct labor hour is
a. P1.60
b. P4.80
c. P1.80
d. P6.40
35. Fixed overhead cost per direct labor hour is
a. P1.60
b. P4.80
c. P1.80
d. P6.40
36. Budgeted contribution margin is
a. P5.00
b. P1.80
c. P3.40
d. P2.58
37. Budgeted cost of goods sold (full cost) is
a. P76,500
b. P96,500
c. P196,500
d. P304,000
38. Net profit before tax is
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a. P178,500
b. P103,500
c. P53,000
d. P249,500
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ANSWER KEY
xxx
Theory
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. D
6. D
7. C
8. B
9. A
10. A
11. D
12. A
13. B
14. A
15. B
Problem
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
B
C
D
A
C
A
C
D
C
C
C
A
B
C
A
31.
32.
33.
34.
C
B
A
A
1. C
2. C
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. D
7. C
8. B
9. D
10. B
11. C
12. B
13. A
14. B
15. D
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
C
D
A
C
B
D
B
C
D
D
A
B
B
C
A
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
D
A
C
A
B
D
C
B
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