CONTEMPORARY ARTS
Arts
• Art – a tool for communication whether it is a painting or a
performance as long as it is a venue for one to convey or express a
thought, emotions, or aspirations; it is considered art.
• Art during the Prehistoric times - One of the earliest and most
basic form of communication. This is seen in the prehistoric visual
artworks like the cave drawings and other early artifacts.
• “Without creativity, there would be no real innovation; we need
people who are pure idea generators and we need others who can
modify those ideas. We need people, instead of asking ‘Why?’,
‘Who ask’, ‘Why nor?’ or ‘What if?’ We need people who are
capable of thinking “crazy”, out-of-the-box thoughts: We need
people who shake us out of complacency”
• Art according to Aristotle – In his Poetics, Aristotle claimed that
humans have instincts for imitation and harmony. He described
that these instincts are “lying deep in our nature.” He argued that
human beings are the “most imitative of living creatures.”
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• Minimalism - Has stripped-down, prefabricated look, free of
details, and often with flat surface, but expresses a specific content
or statement.
• Video Art - Consist of images that are recorded through a video
and viewed through television, computer, or projector screen
• Graffiti Art - a drawing, inscription, or sketch done hastily on a
wall or other surface made to be seen by the public.
• Postmodern Art -Carries modern styles to extreme practices,
often expressing an idea through a mix of materials such as found
objects welded together.
• Body Art - an art form that uses the body as the medium op main
material.
• Digital Art - done with an aid of a computer to an image or design.
Contemporary – According to Cambridge Dictionary, it is
defined as existing or happening now, and therefore seeming
modern.
o “The scope of Contemporary is something that has
happened over the past 30 years from now” Sir Edward
Perez, Artist Inc.
• Contemporary Arts – The J. Paul Getty Museum defines this as
“art made and produced by artists living today. Today’s artists work
in and respond to a global environment that is culturally diverse,
technologically advancing, and multifaceted.”
o You can picture the kind of art created by today’s
contemporary artists as art that has a world view and is
sensitive to the changing times.
o It is difficult to define the actual starting point of
contemporary art since the present is in constant motion,
and what we might consider as contemporary art today
might not be true in the future.
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Defined as the art of the “now.” These are the artworks
that are produced in the present.
Contemporary Art Style
• Abstract Expressionism - an art style in which the artist applies
paint, for example. in a manner that expresses emotions and
feelings in a spontaneous way
• Kinetic Art - a sculpture that may be moved by the wind or
powered by a machine or electricity
• Op Art - use lines or images repeatedly to create an optical illusion
• Performance Art- combines a variety of media and the human to
execute an artistic theatrical expression performed before a live
audience.
• Environmental Art - Involves artistic creation or manipulation of
space such as landscape or architectural design that may enclosed
its audience.
• Feminist Art - Emerged from concerns of female artists expressed
through art. They tackle about issues of identity, sexuality, gender
roles, equality, and the ways in which the female is treated in
society among others.
Krystka Addienne
ENGLISH
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Academic Writing
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Academic essay/writing requires formal but not pretentious
language.
Writing of academic papers goes hand in hand with a research;
it follows a format, and technicality.
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Explain why you want to attend their school
o Below your introduction, write one or two paragraphs
that detail your academic and professional career goals
and how their school can help you achieve the latter.
Express why you feel attending their school offers you the
best career path and opportunity for advancement in
your chosen profession.
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Write a Conclusion
o End your college application cover letter with a strong
conclusion. Let admissions officers know that you've
included the other requested documents with your
application. It's also important to thank them for their
time and for considering your application.
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Include a sign off
o Below your conclusion, write a sign-off such as
"Sincerely," followed by your first and last name.
College Application Letter
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College admission application letter - a professional letter a
student writes to send to a college with their college
application.
o Writing a college admission application letter is a great
way to make your college admission application stand out
in the highly competitive application process.
o It refers to a document that expresses your intent and
interest in applying for a collegiate program. Where it lets
admissions officers know more about you and gives you
an opportunity to emphasize your enthusiasm for
attending their school.
College application is academic because it is use for the
assessment at universities, school and to prepare for college.
It can also be stated and identified through the audience and
its purpose.
Types of Writing
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How to write a College Application Letter
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Write your name and street address
o At the top of your cover letter, write your first and last
name. On a separate line include your street address,
followed by your city, state and zip code on another line.
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Include the date
o Below your contact information, write the date you plan
on sending the cover letter. Include the month, the day
and the year. For example, "February 10, 2023."
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Write the head of admission's name, the college's name and
the college's address.
o Write the head of admissions' first and last names on a
line beneath the date. The name of the college should
appear on the next line. Street address, city, state, and zip
code are included after the name.
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Things to remember
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Descriptive - A college application is a descriptive style of
academic writing since it provides the reader with factual
information.
Persuasive - A college application is used to persuade the
school to accept the student at the school which they apply to
Include a Salutation.
o Open your cover letter with a formal greeting such as
"Dear." Follow it with Mr. or Ms. and the last name of the
admissions officer and a comma. For instance, "Dear Ms.
Tubaña," followed by a comma.
State your purpose for applying to the university.
o Start with a sentence explaining the reason for your cover
letter. In this case, it would be to request admission to
the school you’re applying for. Make sure to name the
school and express your genuine interest in a particular
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program they offer. Emphasize what their school offers
that other universities don't.
Do not submit false information to your college application
Always check your grammar punctuation
Read the instructions carefully
Be descriptive about your background
Pay attention to deadlines
Tips
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Proofread
Be yourself
Follow the requirements
Be honest
Be unique and broaden your imagination
Analytical Writing
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Often called for at university level
Involves reviewing what you've read
Shows the thought processes you went through
Analytical writing usually follows a brief description and
focuses on answering questions like: 'why?' how?' and 'so
what?'
How to write analytically?
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Choose your topic. Like many other types of academic writing,
choosing a topic that is of interest to you personally is the way
to go.
Research your topic. This part is a vital part of writing
analytically since analytical writing requires delving deeper
into the topic you have chosen
Create a draft. Creating a draft is an opportunity to review the
evidences you have collected and a way to figure out the
structure you would follow in writing the final paper
Proofreading. After writing the paper, proofreading is an
essential step done in order to ensure that grammar is correct
and is another opportunity to re-evaluate you claims/points
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Critical Writing
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A clear and confident refusal to accept the conclusions of
other writers without evaluating the arguments and evidence
that they provide
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A balanced presentation of reasons why the conclusions of
other writers may be accepted or may need to be treated with
caution
A clear presentation of your own evidence and argument,
leading to your conclusion
A recognition of the limitations in your own evidence,
argument, and conclusion
Steps on How to Write a Transmical Lecer
1.
Include basic header informaQon.
o This includes the date, the sender’s full name and address
that will be located in the top lee corner of the page.
o Write the date you had wricen your lecer before you
start wridng it. This is important so that the recipient will
know when you had prepared the lecer and the
document or item which you have sent.
o Then one line below, write the recipient’s full name,
official dtle or posidon, organizadon and full address.
2.
Include a greeQng.
o When stardng to write a greedng in the transmical lecer,
keep in mind that it needs to be short and should be
addressed to the recipient of the lecer.
o You can start it off with a “Dear Mr / Ms / Mrs.”
3.
Write the body.
o State the purpose of the leOer - Make sure to tell the
recipient what you are sending and why you are sending
the document.
o Include informaQon about the document - emphasize
the key informadon from the acached document so that
the reader should be knowledgeable of it. Also, be sure
to name the document you have acached.
o Ask for addiQonal instrucQons - Put a request for followup or an update when the item or document has been
received. Include a note in this secdon if the receiver
needs to contact the sender for more informadon or
specific instrucdons.
o Include contact informaQon. - This is important when the
recipient needs to ask you quesdons or inquire about
specific details or instrucdons mendoned in the lecer.
4.
Thank the recipient.
o It's important to write your thank-you notes to fit the
circumstances, so you make the best impression.
5.
Include final remarks.
o The last step is the conclusion, including final remarks
about the acached document, a thank you to the
recipient and a closing salutadon, such as "Sincerely,
[your name]" or "Regards, [your name]."
How to write critically?
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Analyze information to understand a problem or topic from
more than one perspective
Identity key positive and negative aspects you can comment
upon
Assess their relevance and usefulness to the debate that you
are engaging in tor your assignment
Identify how best they can be woven into the argument that
you are developing
Differences of analytical and critical writing
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Critical writing is often used to debate an existing fact or
research, which requires scrutinizing evidence.
Analytical writing is mostly used to analyze a piece of literature,
such as movies, this can be done in a form of a review.
Similarities of analytical and critical writing
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They both depend on evaluating evidence in order to form a
logical conclusion, presents details that could be important
Both serves as a means to uncovering new information. Both
these types of academic writing require analytical skills and
critical thinking skills.
Transmittal Letter
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TransmiOal leOer - is a document similar to a business or
cover lecer that provides the company or a person who
requested the report with context to a larger document and
to explain its purpose.
A transmical lecer is an example of professional wridng.
It can also be academic because it possesses the
characterisdcs for being an academic wridng. A transmical
lecer is formal and unbiased. It is clear and precise. It is also
focused and well-structured.
Purpose of Transmical Lecer
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The purpose of this lecer is to communicate informadon in
wridng to recipients outside of the organizadon who are not
fully involved in the project. It would also serve as a
documentadon for the sender that something was sent and
received.
Tips
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Opinion Article
Mostly used for:
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Explaining or clarifying requirements or instrucdons
Accompanying contracts or draes of documents
Giving the opportunity to remind the reader of the dtle of the
document
Common Uses of a Transmical Lecer
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Sciendfic and technical reports
Financial reports or informadon
Project proposals or specific details
Confidendal and sensidve documents
Use a conversadonal tone.
Be clear.
Send with the document.
Print the lecer.
Keep it short.
Keep a copy.
Proofread.
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Opinion wriQng is a type of wridng in which the author
expresses their thoughts, views, opinions, or feelings on a
specific topic of their choosing.
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Opinion arQcles can somedmes be in response to other
opinion pieces, but they can also stand alone as their own
opinion pieces
o A piece of wridng known as an opinion piece is one that
primarily expresses the author's viewpoint on a certain
topic and is typically published in a newspaper or
magazine. In many journals, opinion pieces are included.
Definidon in Journalism
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An opinion ardcle is a piece of wridng typically used by
journalists and is published. It expresses the author’s personal
opinion about a subject or a pardcular issue aeer being
interpreted and analyzed in a concise way.
Definidon in a Science-Based Research
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Opinion ardcle presents the author’s viewpoint on the
strengths and weaknesses of a hypothesis or sciendfic theory.
Opinion ardcles are generally based on construcdve cridcism
and should be backed by evidence. These ardcles promote
sciendfic discourse that challenges the current state of
knowledge in a pardcular field.
Similarides and Differences in Sciendfic and Journalisdc Opinion
Ardcles
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Similarides
o Both expresses the author’s own personal point of view
or opinion about a topic of concern.
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Differences
o Opinion ardcles wricen in a journalisdc way are focused
on societal and polidcal issues or any pardcular topic of
interest and how the author will express his/her own idea
and opinion about it.
o Opinion ardcles wricen for sciendfic-based research are
focused on encouraging healthy debates and discussing
possible consequences and effects about the research.
Oeen addresses muldple viewpoints and perspecdves
with regards to a sciendfic topic.
Purpose of Opinion Ardcle
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Journalism - To give writers a space to express their thoughts
on any given topic.
o To share an author’s perspecdve on a contemporary issue.
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Science-Based Research - To modvate healthy discussions
about new research.
Procedural Document
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Procedural Document
o the collecdve term for policies, procedures or guidelines.
o instructs your audience on how to complete a specific
task.
o how to make something and how to do something.
o to provide sequenced informadon or direcdons.
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It is academic wridng.
o Factual - the ideas are created on facts that have been
proven and tested that will enhance the reader’s
understanding
o Short and Precise - the ideas are presented accurately,
direct to the point and easy to understand.
Format of Opinion Ardcle in Sciendfic Research
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Title Page
o A concise and specific dtle that clearly reflects the idea of
the ardcle and catches the acendon of the reader.
o Provides the complete list of the authors, their full names,
and insdtudonal addresses.
Abstract
o A summary of around 150-300 words that briefly explains
the significance and relevance of the ardcle. It may
include the background, the main body, followed by a
short conclusion. It must not include any citadons.
Abbreviadons and acronyms may be added if necessary.
the abstract may be opdonal because some journals may
not require it.
Keywords
o Provide a 4-6 words related to the topic of your
discussion.
IntroducQon
o Provides background informadon with a concise
summary of available sciendfic texts. Once the basis of
the work is established, present the purpose of your
ardcle.
Main Body
o The main body of an opinion ardcle must be logical and
well-structured. Make sure that each point of view is
presented in a comprehensible way that us easy o read
and review.
Conclusion
o Summarize the arguments with the evidence that
supports your point of view. It must also discuss the uses
and implicadons of ideas.
Format of Opinion Ardcle in Journalism
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QualificaQon - Contains the idendficadon of the topic that
must acract the acendon of readers.
IntroducQon - The summarizadon of the topic with the most
important details, giving readers context for the content of the
ardcle.
Body - The development of the analysis of the author, with
arguments and examples to be presented in the work.
Conclusion - A detailed summary of the author’s analysis, or it
can be a short thought-provoking phrase or paragraph
regarding the topic.
Types of Procedural Documents
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DirecQons – Very specific instrucdons. Formal language is
required, and the addidon of a map.
InstrucQons – Your language must meet the needs of your
audience, and you may need to include a diagram if there are
complex elements to complete
Recipes – Recipes are universal texts. Ingredients, method and
a few visuals are essendal.
Rules for games – Be conscious of your audience and write in
a style and language they will understand. You are almost
guaranteed to require visuals in this style of wridng.
Manuals – Are there any warnings I need to be aware of
before proceeding? Be very specific in your explanadon.
Agendas – What are we doing? When are we doing it? Who is
responsible?
Procedural Text Structure
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Headings - Titles indicate the goal or aim of your procedure
SecQons - Keep everything organized and in order
Subheadings - Subheadings such as materials, what to do next,
warnings indicate the stages of the procedure.
Sequence -Everything is organized in the sequence it is to
occur and each new step must begin on a new line
Procedural Text Features
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Vocabulary - Use technical and specialized terms in a
procedural text. Don't dumb things down
Tense - Always write in dmeless present tense
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Flow - Use connecdves and conjuncdons related to dme to
indicate the chronological order of the acdons.
Details - Details are important in a procedure. Assume very
licle.
Visuals - Greatly enhance a procedural text and reinforce
technical instrucdons. Maps, diagrams and photos are
essendal
How to Write a Book Report?
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2.
How to Write a Procedural Document?
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Goal or Aim (What to do?)
Steps (How to do it?)
Resources (What are the needs?)
Conclusion (Have I done it?)
Tips for Wridng a Good Procedural Document
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Use the correct language and terms.
Find or create some labelled diagrams if possible.
Use paragraphs effecdvely.
Wricen in present tense and from a third- person perspecdve.
3.
Write the introducQon
o provide basic informadon about the book, including the
dtle, author, and publicadon date. Also, provide a brief
overview of the book's main themes and content.
4.
Write the plot summary
o provide a brief overview of the book's story, including the
setng, main characters, and main events of the story. Try
to keep the summary concise and to the point.
5.
Write the character analysis
o Provide a detailed analysis of the book's main characters,
including their modvadons, personality traits, and
reladonships with other characters.
6.
Write the theme analysis
o Discuss the book's main themes and how they are
developed throughout the story. It may also explore the
book's social, polidcal, or cultural context and its
relevance to contemporary society.
7.
Write the personal opinion
o Provide your personal opinions about the book, including
its strengths and weaknesses, and how it affected you
personally.
8.
Write the Conclusion
o Summarize the main points of the report and provide
final thoughts on the book.
Book Report
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Book Reports are written evaluations of books that provide a
summary of the book's content and assess its strengths and
weaknesses. These are typically written on fiction or nonfiction books and can cover a wide range of genres, including
novels, biographies, history books, and scientific works
Purpose of Book Report
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To show that the student has read and understood the book
To develop cridcal thinking skills
To develop wridng skills
To encourage independent reading
Is it an Academic Wridng?
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Yes, because they are commonly assigned as a part of a
student's coursework in high school or college.
It evaluates a student's comprehension of the text and their
capacity for analysis and synthesis of the material it contains.
It allows students to show in their book reports that they have
strong wridng skills and can ardculate their ideas clearly.
Students are honing their cridcal thinking, reading
comprehension, and wridng abilides
Types of Book Report
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Summary - provides a concise overview of the main events,
characters, and themes in the book. It is typically a few
paragraphs long and focuses on the most important
informadon
Character Analysis - focuses on one or more of the main
characters in the book, examining their modvadons, acdons,
and development throughout the story.
Theme Analysis - focuses on one or more of the themes in the
book, examining how they are developed and how they
contribute to the overall meaning of the story.
Plot Analysis - focuses on the events and acdons that take
place in the story, examining how they fit together to create a
cohesive narradve.
Personal Response - a more subjecdve type of book report
that allows you to share your own thoughts and feelings about
the book. This type of book report oeen involves reflecdng on
how the book impacted you personally and what you learned
from it.
Read the book
o Thoroughly read the book you're wridng a report on. Pay
close acendon to the plot, characters, setng, and
themes as you read.
Take notes & Organize them
o Take notes on important informadon, including the plot,
characters, setng, and themes. Make note of any quotes
or passages that you find pardcularly significant.
Tips for Wridng Effecdve Book Reports:
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Follow the instrucQons
o Make sure you understand the assignment instrucdons
and follow them closely. Pay acendon to the length and
format requirements, as well as any specific guidelines
for wridng about certain elements of the book, such as
characters or themes.
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Write a clear and concise introducQon
o The introducdon should provide an overview of the book
and its author, as well as a brief summary of the book's
main themes and characters. Make sure it is well-wricen
and sets the stage for the rest of the report.
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Use specific examples
o When wridng about the characters, themes, or wridng
style, be sure to use specific examples from the book to
support your analysis. This will help to make your report
more convincing and engaging.
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Evaluate the book objecQvely
o A book report is a cridcal evaluadon of the book, so be
sure to write objecdvely and without bias. Consider both
the strengths and weaknesses of the book, and provide
specific examples to support your evaluadon.
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Write a clear and concise conclusion
o The conclusion should provide a summary of your overall
thoughts on the book, including whether you would
recommend it to others and why. Make sure it des
together all of the elements of the report and leaves the
reader with a clear understanding of your perspecdve.
Proofread and edit
o Make sure to proofread and edit your report carefully to
eliminate any typos, grammadcal errors, or other
mistakes. This will help to ensure that your report is
professional and polished.
Case Study
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Case Study - is a research process aimed at learning about a
subject, an event, or an organizadon.
o involves complex and reflecdve tasks.
o An effecdve case study tells a story and provides a
conclusion.
o an in-depth study of one person, group, or event.
o Good analydcal abilides are required when wridng a case
study.
evaluadng and understanding different aspects of a research
problem. It aims to get pardcular, relevant, and in-depth
informadon about a given real-world topic.
Review Article
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Review ArQcle - oeen known as a literature review or a review
of literature. It is a study of previously published research on a
certain issue. It should provide a summary of current thinking
on the subject. It will also not disclose fresh experimental data,
unlike an original research publicadon
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It is academic but not empirical because academic reviews do
not contain any actual data. Review ardcles analyze the
findings of earlier studies that have already been published, as
opposed to repordng the study's findings, which would be the
subject of a research ardcle.
How to Prepare for Your Review
1.
Understand what an arQcle review is.
o An ardcle review is wricen for an audience who is
knowledgeable in the subject instead of a general
audience. When wridng an ardcle review, you will
summarize the main ideas, arguments, posidons, and
findings, and then cridque the ardcle's contribudons to
the field and overall effecdveness.
2.
Think about the organizaQon of the review arQcle
o Before you even begin reading the ardcle you will review,
you need to understand how your ardcle review will be
set up. This will help you understand how to read the
ardcle so that you can write an effecdve review.
3.
Preview the arQcle
o Begin by looking at the dtle, abstract, introducdon,
headings, opening sentences of each paragraph, and the
conclusion. Then read the first few paragraphs, followed
by the conclusion. These steps should help you start to
idendfy the author's arguments and main points. Then
read the ardcle in its endrety. When you read the first
dme, just read for the big picture - that is, look for the
overall argument and point the ardcle is making.
4.
Read the arQcle closely
o Read the ardcle a second and third dme. Use a highlighter
or pen to make notes or highlight important secdons.
Highlight the main points and the suppordng facts.
5.
Put the arQcle into your words
o You can do this as a three wricen paragraph or as an
outline. Start by putng the ardcle in your own words.
Focus on the argument, research, and claims the ardcle
o Don't: spend dme on edidng or phrasing. This is just for
your benefit.
o Do: write in a clear, logical structure to test your
understanding.
6.
Write an outline of your evaluaQon
o Review each item in the ardcle summary to determine
whether the author was accurate and clear. Write down
all instances of effecdve wridng, new contribudons to the
field, as well as areas of the ardcle that need
improvement. Create a list of strengths and weaknesses.
Types of Case Study
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Historical
Problem- Oriented
Cumuladve
Cridcal
Illustradve
Purpose of Case Study
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describe an individual case
idendfy the key issues of the case
analyze the case using relevant theoredcal concepts
How do you start wridng a case study?
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Choose Your Topic
Determine Your Case Study Type
Create Case Study Outline
Research Your Case
Develop Your Thesis Statement
Address Important Arguments in Body Paragraphs
Work On Your Conclusion
Summary
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Case study is a detailed study of a specific subject. It is also an
academic wridng that is good for describing, comparing,
Tips
1.
Come up with a Qtle. This dtle should reflect the focus of your
review. Decide between a declaradve dtle, descripdve dtle, or
interrogadve dtle
2.
Cite the arQcle. Under the dtle, place a complete citadon of
the ardcle in the proper style. Go to the next line to begin your
essay. Don't skip a line between the citadon and first sentence
3.
IdenQfy the arQcle. Start your review by referring to the dtle
and author of the ardcle, the dtle of the journal, and the year
of publicadon in the first paragraph.
4.
Write the introducQon. The introducdon of the ardcle review
will have the idendficadon sentence. It will also mendon the
central themes of the ardcle and the arguments and claims of
the author.
5.
Summarize the arQcle. Express the main points, arguments,
and findings of the ardcle in your own words, referring to your
summary for assistance. show how the ardcle supports Its
claims
6.
Write your criQque. Use your outline of opinions to write
many paragraphs explaining how well the author addressed
the topic. Express your opinion about whether the ardcle was
clear, thorough, and useful explanadon of the subject.
7.
Conclude the arQcle review. In a paragraph, summarize the
main points of the ardcle, as well as your opinions about its
significance, accuracy, and clarity.
8.
Proofread. Reread the review. Look for grammar, mechanics,
and usage mistakes. Make sure to cut any extra, unneeded
informadon.
Krystka Addienne