UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TAXILA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING
FINAL EXAM- SPRING 2020
SESSION: 2k17
SEMESTER: 6th
TIME ALLOWED: 4.00
TOTAL MARKS: 40
DATE: 19-08-2020
NAME:
ROLL NO:
Muhammad Haseeb Raza
17-EE-81
Question 1:
SECTION:
C
PLO
Marks: 15
12
CLO LL
1
A1
A. Describe the types of audience recognized by writers to do successful technical writing. (450500 words) (10 marks).
Answer:
While writing a technical report, it is very important to know that who is the going to read that
specific report. If you want your report to be effective, then you must know your audience. There
are mainly four types of audience that are described as follows.
1.
2.
3.
4.
High tech audience
Low tech audience
Lay audience
Multiple audience
High tech audience:
The type of readers who are at almost same level of knowledge as you are or those who are
working within the same organization. Their level of understanding, educational background and
work experience is pretty much like you.
For example, if you are working as power system operation engineer then the people who are
working in that same department will be your high-tech readers. So, if you write an email/letter
to your colleagues then you will be using the high tech wordings like you can use jargons as well
and you will not have to explain everything as your reader is your peer, thus in this way it will be
easier for you to write when you know to whom you are writing.
Low tech audience:
The readers who are expert in some other field and not in your field. The people who are
working in the same organization but working for a different department then that type of
audience will be low tech audience.
For example, if you are working as a power system protection engineer then people like
accountant, HR manager and graphic designer will be your low-tech audience as they do not
know about power system protection. As your audience is low-tech thus you cannot use jargons
for your low-tech audience, and you will need to tell everything necessary for the job to be done.
Lay audience:
The type of audience who do not have any knowledge about your field at all. The people who are
working for some other company and those who are not part of that organization in which you
are working will be your lay audience.
For example, if you are working as electrical power system analysis engineer in an organization
and if you want to write to company manufacturing furniture for the renovation of your new
office and as they do not know about power system analysis thus your audience is lay reader.
If you write any letter/email to your lay audience then you will have to explain each and
everything in detail as your reader do not know anything about your field. You cannot use
jargons and acronyms, and your wording must be easier to understand.
Multiple audience:
When you are writing to a group of different people with different expertise’s then the type of
readers will be multiple audience. Keeping this thing in mind that some of the readers can be
unfamiliar with the subject given thus you will have to explain the background information when
writing to multiple audience. The wording must be simple so that it will be easier to understand
for everyone.
B. Describe the importance of audience recognition in different types of technical writing (letter,
reports, manuals etc.). (250-300 words) (5 marks)
PLO
10
CLO LL
2
A2
Answer:
Audience recognition is very important as it determines the type of content which you will be
presenting and in which way you need to present that specific content is also dependent on your
audience. Both the title of your content as well as the way of describing that specific content is
directly dependent on the audience.
For example, if you are writing a memo to your colleague having similar level of understanding
then will be easier for you to write as you will not have to explain each and everything to him
and if you are writing a letter to an employee working in some other department but in same
organization then you will need to explain a little a bit and if writing a letter outside the
organization then you will have to provide each and everything in detail as your audience is lay
reader. Thus, your way of writing, your tone, your way of describing and your way of conveying
something is directly related to the person whom you are writing.
If you are writing an instruction manual for an el ectrical equipment and suppose your
buyer is someone who don’t know anything about electrical appliances then you will
have to explain each and everything in the instruction manual in detail so that it will
be easier to understand.
If you could not be able to describe everything in detail then there can be problems
faced by the customer as they don’t know how to use that electrical equipment so
there is a possibility that equipment can be damaged as the instruction manual is
written in very high-tech language and the company may have to bear the loss. So, it
is very important for that organization to recognize the audience to whom they are
selling their product.
Question 2:
Marks: 15
Write a progress report following the criteria for writing progress reports. The subject of this
report can involve a project or activity at work.
Answer
DATE:
August 19, 2020
TO:
Mam Hajra Umer
FROM:
Muhammad Haseeb Raza
SUBJECT: Smart Energy Meter
INTRODUCTION
The electricity supply is a basic public service for the countries like Pakistan and with the
increase in the demand of electricity and with limited number of resources in Pakistan has
suffered energy crisis over the years. One of the major problems in the electricity sector of
Pakistan are technical and theft losses. In the old billing system, we need more manpower to
record the consumption of electricity by users. This traditional billing system contain errors and
as well as time consuming which has become one of the major problems in the electricity sector
of Pakistan and to overcome this problem, the best proposed solution is using the smart metering
devices instead of using the traditional energy meters.
These smart energy meters can measure, monitor and control the electricity consumption and
they can also wirelessly transmit all the required information using the GSM technology. These
smart energy meters can communicate directly with data collection facility using mobile
networks. The method for communicating the information of electricity consumption is through
short messaging service “SMS”, calls and using the GPRS technology. For remote
communication, one need to insert the SIM card in smart energy meter.
DISCUSSION:
The testing of our proposed smart meter is done on two stages. Firstly, we will implement the
whole circuit using bread board and then will implement that same circuit on Vero board to
check if there is any fault in the connection. The result calculated in the hardware setup was
found to be almost similar with results calculated using software. The smart meter was also
tested by connecting it with different types dummy loads such as resistive and inductive load to
check whether it is functioning properly or not. For the measurement of electrical load for a
specific time, we will connect the energy meter with load, the load is turned on and the time is
noted with the help of stopwatch.
The GSM technology in the smart meter sends information related to electricity consumed by the
user after a fixed time interval. We can manually adjust that time interval in our meter. If the
meter is operating in the normal condition then the information about energy consumed will be
send to the mobile phone of the consumer and similarly if consumer over uses the electricity,
greater than its maximum demand limit then an alert message will be sent to the consumer.
This technology of smart metering is very effective as it not only calculates the energy
consumption of the load connected but also transmits that information to the utility and to the
consumer using GSM system. By doing the deep analysis, it is also found that this smart meter
can turn the load off the load automatically if the consumer is utilizing the load above maximum
demand limit. Another useful application is that it saves all the values related to energy
consumption and power factor in the SD card inserted in it. There is also an LCD in the smart
meter which can display different parameters of electricity like voltage, current and power factor.
When we turn on our electrical load then this LCD will display all the above-mentioned
parameters making this very much user friendly.
CONCLUSION
This concept of smart energy metering is new in the under developing countries and is
successfully implemented in various developed countries in the world. The biggest advantage of
using this advance technology is that it calculates and monitors the electricity consumption in a
very short time interval which is something exceptional. It is very user friendly as it eliminates
the need of visiting the utility person to visit the consumer meter and most importantly it can
save electricity for the consumer as well.
PLO
Question 3:
Marks: 10
8
CLO LL
3
A3
Explain the importance of ethical considerations such as hazard/safety alerts, clear graphics and
appropriate language while writing instructions and user’s manuals. (450-500 words)
Answer:
It is very important to highlight the importance of ethics while writing user/instruction manual.
Ethical considerations include using appropriate language, clear graphics and providing hazard
and safety rules for the protection of customers and manufacturers.
For writing instruction manual, use appropriate language and it is very important ethical
consideration. You need to use formal language keeping it respectful and professional so that the
customer of your product may find it easier to understand. Do not use slang words at all, your
tone of describing should be eye catching for the customer so that it will be easier for customer
to read the instruction. If the instructions are written clearly and are easy to understand then the
customer may take the maximum advantage from the product by utilizing all the services a
product can provide.
If you use inappropriate language, then it can directly influence your validity which can be
alarming for the company as their sale can be directly affected with this unethical behavior. So, a
company must need to take the time and put forth the attempt to utilize suitable language. Thus,
for establishing a decent connection with customer and anticipating yourself a professional
company, one must be very polite while writing instruction manual.
Use of graphics is another important ethical consideration while writing instruction manual. The
graphics present in instruction manual must be created properly so that it will be easier for the
consumer to use the product. Graphics chosen must have the ability to communicate the message
effectively to the consumer of the product so it will be easier for the customer to utilize all the
benefits that can be taken from the product and to use the product in a proper way as it was
supposed to be used.
Irregular graphics can make the customer confuse. The graphics that are drawn incorrectly can
cause the customer to use the product in a wrong way which can lead to sever conclusion. Thus,
use of graphics is very important considering that if not used in the right way then it can damage
the product and the customer as well.
Another ethical consideration is writing hazards and safety rules clearly for the protection of both
product and the customer. Hazard identification, risk assessment and control are important to
analyses for the company and should be written clearly about these precautions that can be
harmful for both customer and the product to make your user manual effective.
If there is no information regarding hazards and safety or the information about hazard and
safety of equipment is not given in correct way then it can be damaged, and it can be dangerous
for the customer as well. Thus, all possible hazards that can occur, must need be mentioned
clearly in the instruction manual to keep the product safe to use for the customer.