Ipm 10 1A* 10' = Calculation of Period/ Group No. Period no: Group no: Highest - Top e-if-subshell Zoff left no 1 to 6 x 1, 2 = Gp.10 ns*+(n-1)d* Go no. x+ y npt Gp.NO x = = Group 12 + x - Zeff (Effective nuclear charge) sypsd f Poor Fully filled orbitals provide > Atomic rc < Covalent Radius Um<Uy > > better Zeff = hun Right < A re= Cation = e--e- - repulsion At same species · Ionisation Potential Metallic Energy Vander Waals of e-,-ve charge charge - 1 Heterodiatomic - 3) EN =0 P 2. I · BE eg. PH p-n=up+ un FO eg. Factors affecting +ve H-F .. to atom & 2)Size 2 A B needed gaseous ) Zeff - ve Anion charge IE 2 charge e-from H: always an isolated the I.E: 5) I.E Radius Radius an remove Ionic 4) Stable Configuration <I.E Peneration Effect2 IE I.E 1 - no Ionic Covalent 2 A Cation size 4 + ye Radius + e- I site t Effective Zeff* Parentatom A He 4p Up Isoelectronic Anion A shielding Homodiatomic AA size Ions · Zeffdominate shielding * of A, B shells k Ionic Radius ne<Mp Power: of & Bottom 3 At Screening Electronegativity size Always = un,"B: General Trend f-block d-block = Schomaker = Last ets-subshell last :p-subshell laster:d-subshell last ngx 10-m Equation GA-B eA+VB-0.9/k-4B Bonk GA-B= length (A-B) VA/Us=radius of AlB Stevenson 'n' value. p-block S-Block (um= = -<p> d> f I. E n Sam2 = > Be 2 252 n 21 0 = = 1- diff B 2p 2(1 n= = p3 d5 pC b10 For 2"* 3 Li Period Be < > 4 2s 5 B -6 2p 252 n - N s0< Factors F NR 9 10 2p6 2p5 2p32pY ↓ 2p2 n= 2 · halffilled 2 = 11 = Top left PE < Zeff · Bc NCF c < 0 < < Successive I.E:IE, IEIE3 Right IEK · Min IP in Bottom Blockwise gas any Period:Alkali metal any Man IP in Min IP in Comparison any any Period - period -........ 3523p5 Re & Ga Al In of the greater tendency to charge. Exx1-ve charge Filled Br> I > F> Similarly Onygen family >0 53Se> size ↳ small -> e,repulsion EGE N TiV Cr Ni Fe Electronegativity .. a . Zeff ENC"/size EN 201-ve 0.S EN2 · a ENGYs-character - EN2 -. _I . __E! ------ In 3d series <Fe> c0 > (n > Mn> Ti> Ni> y> Cr Applications of Electronegativity Calculations of bond length CAB Sc > · Electron affinity or Electron gain Enthalpy be ·Heg:may A t EA The energy released 2 - k = · (g) -500 K5 mol- EGE energy changed The -Meg = -500 EGE The entrally change F 2522p5 e + - when F- -> an e- ①Heg=- EA a neutral is added to (Noblegas). If stable &2522p6 ve - will e is be gaseous - character atom successfully added, the energy is released and EGE generally-ve 1IC: U+VB-0.0914n-uBl = 16(4- YB) + 3.5 B YA-VB VA-4B = = 1 Ionic A or the ve A - &H I Eq 5 00 - Te 2522p5 B Th gaine- (ns2) F And to k · Family Alkaline Earth Metal CIS shows configuration gases half filled N Halogens:2 Is Elements Boron Noble Fully He - M IE.---- · period:Inert Max IP in Size 4 I.E Enx/size Zeff stable Ex · - 1. <B EAC = 10 ofsteg affecting EA Here-ve value UA-UB > 1.7 Ionic < 1.7 1.7 = covalent 50% Ionic + 50% Covalent (4-4B)2 the 0.S r e · Mendeleev’s Periodic Table Acidic and Basic Nature of oxides Non-metals "termost ↓ HPOn ne +2 the physical andchemicalproperties Table 1) It is basedonatomic 2) 63 elements were known, gases 3) I columns 6) Eachgroup upto He was systematic Horizontal 4) are the is scientist to manner rows is are classify in horizontal called series called VIIt is groups weight noble weren'tdiscovered. rows and the elements in a and vertical columns there periods were I Mendeley's Periodic Table in 5) Vertical are periodic Characteristics of Mendeleev's BizO3 3 elements of and there were 8 divided into A and B groups in Mendlee'speriodic Table subgroups. Asubgroup elements called transition elements called normal elements, and B group elements are VIII in 3 rows. 2) The group consist a elements to same exhibit similar 8) The elements are belonging of group properties. Modern Periodic Table Moseley did an experiment differentmetal surfaces on Characteristic a · verticals ist · called gases group were ·7 Horizontal to groups of · · It is It is also called based I Periods and on 18 as the inert Modern "Bour-Bury columns by Ramsay, Periodic Table and atomic number vertical gases Periodic Table in periods called long form/Presentform of · Table Groups. introduced Rows highspeed X-Rays. ofModern Periodic columns XIII to Inert · bombarded andobtained in whichhe Rang, (groups) Herner Periodic Table e- I
