APRIL 18, 2023
EMPLOYMENT AND DOWN SYNDROME
CPSL34
KEZIA PILLAY (221069547)
AMAHLE TSHABALALA (221062887)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
Introduction
Articles 1 – 3:
 Employment in Down syndrome: the experiences of
individuals with Down syndrome, their employers,
and families in KwaZulu-Natal
 Contributions of speech-language therapy to the
integration of individuals with Down syndrome in
the workplace
 Relationship between family quality of life and day
occupations of young people with Down syndrome.
Page Author
1
Kezia Pillay
2
Kezia Pillay
*Amahle Tshabalala
Articles 4 – 6:
8
 Adaptive behaviour, executive function, and
employment in adults with down syndrome
 Challenges to employment – Perception and barriers
as seen by people with Down syndrome and their
parents.
 Does Employment Complexity Promote Healthy
Cognitive Aging in Down Syndrome?
Amahle Tshabalala
Conclusion
16
References
17
Rubric
19
Kezia Pillay
*Amahle Tshabalala
Amahle Tshabalala
&
Kezia Pillay
-
Introduction
A person with Down syndrome is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21, which is a
genetic disorder. As a result, they have 47 chromosomes overall rather than 46. This may
have an impact on how their body and brain develop. Besides physical features, a noticeable
trait of people with Down syndrome is their behaviour and social skills. Every individual is
different, so they will present differently but there is a general notion that people with
Down syndrome interact and socialise differently. Down syndrome also brings about
comorbidities that can impair a person’s ability to participate in certain activities. Taking all
of this into consideration, individuals with Down syndrome can still have successful
employment experiences with the right support and accommodations. Many organizations
have recognized the value of hiring individuals with Down syndrome and have developed
programs to support their employment. It is important to focus on an individual's strengths
and abilities when considering employment opportunities. We will now be looking at what
employment is like for people with Down syndrome, how speech-language therapy can
impact their experience and how employing youth with Down syndrome impacts their
family life.
* We will be looking at Adaptive behaviours, which are defined as the conceptual, practical,
and social skills performed by individuals in their everyday lives (Schalock et al. 2010)and
Executive Function and how it has an impact on the percentage of employment for young
people with Down syndrome. We are also going to look more at the barriers and challenges
that young people with Down Syndrome experience when it comes to finding jobs. Last but
not least we are going to go through the effect of employment complexity on young people
with Down syndrome.
1 of 18
ARTICLE ONE
Title of article
Name of journal Authors and their
Country research
in italics;
profession and
is done in;
volume, number, affiliation
description in
year; pages, age
relation to S.A.
of article
Employment in
A research report Tod C J
South Africa
Down Syndrome: presented to the At the time of
The experiences
discipline of
writing this research
of individuals
speech-language report, Tod was a
with Down
pathology.
Master of speechSyndrome, their
school of health
language pathology
employers, and
sciences; 2014;
student at University
families in
pp 97-122; 9
of KwaZulu-Natal
KwaZulu-Natal
years
Critical evaluation of each of the above aspects of biographical information
The title lets us
The research
The author at the
Since this research
know that this
report is around
time was a student
has been done in
research paper is 9 years old and in and this report relied South Africa. It is
based more on
that time much
mainly on personal
readily available to
the personal
has happened
accounts as well as
use without having
experiences of
within the
the author’s ability
to adjust for the
individuals with
country which
to draw meaningful
South African
Down syndrome means a lot may conclusions from
context. However,
rather than a
have changed
these experiences.
there is still room
case study in
socially,
This means some of for comparison as
which solid facts economically,
the information can the report is 9
and figures are
and politically.
be seen as
years old.
meant to be the
subjective.
outcome.
Type of Study
Postgraduate
dissertation
While educational
and subject to
review and editing
before publishing,
dissertations are
not considered to
be peer-reviewed
materials since
they do not go
through the peerreviewing
process. This
could mean
questionable
credibility as a
source.
Summary of the study results
People with Down syndrome have to complete a trial period of employment in various job settings
before becoming officially accepted. In the workplace, all of the workers had disabilities and
their jobs were done at a slower pace. The workshop organisers observed that participants with a
variety of disabilities and communication abilities could understand one another very easily. Due to
this, individuals with Down syndrome were able to make acquaintances and relationships at the
2 of 18
workplace. However, all workplaces are not the same so not every person with Down syndrome may
have the same experiences. People with Down syndrome's employment provided the family with
financial benefits, mental tranquilly, inspiration, and pride. The workplace offered several opportunities
for reading, math, and technical skill development. Family members claim that the individual is an
inspiration to both other members of their own family and people with Down syndrome or other
impairments. Families of people with Down syndrome are proud of their loved ones' jobs, and they see
someone's career as successful if they are happy in it. The Down syndrome study participants receive
compensation of some type, whether they labour in open employment or a workshop setting. It
benefits society for people with Down syndrome to work. Due to their vibrant personalities, desire to
please others, and ability to fill a role in the workplace. People with Down syndrome have been found
to exhibit high levels of drive and devotion to their careers. There was no specialised training provided
to the employers participating in the employment workshop to educate them on working with people
who have Down syndrome. Although their knowledge stemmed from experience working with
individuals who have Down syndrome, they were aware of possible places where delays can happen.
Even though there is no regulation in South Africa mandating employers to undergo training, it may be
necessary to raise awareness of the disability and any co-occurring disorders. Employers must be able
to evaluate employees with Down syndrome favourably, express encouragement and gratitude when a
worker excels in their job and be sensitive to the sentiments of their team. Employers must guide
workers through language or higher-order concepts to help them learn and adapt to new tasks or
routines.
Application to the South African Context
These are the personal experiences of South Africans and so it is very easy to take what they have said
and figure out what works and what doesn't. One of the shortcomings that were mentioned in the
3 of 18
research paper was that not many employers are educated on Down syndrome and how to interact
with individuals who have Down syndrome. This lack of education and information can lead to fewer
individuals with Down syndrome being employed so it is something that we, South Africa, need to work
on. Although we do have limited resources due to the rise of social media I think we will still be able to
raise more awareness about Down syndrome and dispel any negative stereotypes people may have.
The Internet may be an easy and accessible place to educate not just employers but the public
however, it is also very easy to spread misinformation and so this is something that has to be
monitored. Even if this may take a lot of time, effort, and resources; it will benefit South Africa’s
population affected by Down syndrome and provide them and employers more opportunities.
===========================================================================
ARTICLE TWO
Title of article
Name of journal;
volume, number,
year; pages, age
of article
Authors and their
profession and
affiliation
Contributions of
speech-language
therapy to the
integration of
individuals with
Down syndrome
in the workplace
Country research
done in;
description in
relation to S.A.
Type of Study
In CoDAS; Vol, 30; Barbosa, T. M. M.Brazil: Brazil is a
Research
2018
Researcher
larger country with programme
Departamento de
a greater
Fonoaudiologia,
population that is
Universidade Federal under a federal
da Paraíba
presidency.
Lima, F.- Speech and Although they have
Language Therapist, more political
Universidade Federal unrest, it is said
do Rio Grande do
that they have
Norte.
better access to
G. Â. D. S.- PhD
healthcare and
Universidade Federal lower
da Paraíba, &
unemployment
Delgado, I. C.rates.
Professor
Universidade Federal
da Paraíba
Critical evaluation of each of the above aspects of biographical information
4 of 18
The title of this
article is very
specific in letting
us know that this
piece will contain
information
about individuals
with Down
syndrome in the
workplace but
more especially
how a language
therapist can
affect their
experiences.
This article was
published in 2018
which is only five
years ago but it is
still prepandemic which
means some of
the information
may be different
because how
speech-language
therapists are
able to interact
with their clients
has changed.
The authors of this
article are professors
at various
universities and
most of them teach
different things, for
example,
occupational
therapy and speechlanguage therapy.
This allows them to
go about holistically
writing this article
when looking at how
Down syndrome
may affect those in
the workplace and
the impact of
speech-language
therapists in this
context.
Not only is there a
difference in that
this article was
written in Brazil so
it is more suited to
the Brazilian
context, but it also
had to be
translated from
Portuguese to
English.
This research
programme
aimed to identify
how speechlanguage therapy
can affect a
person with Down
syndrome’s ability
to communicate
in the workplace
as well as if that
would make them
more viable for
jobs in general.
Summary of the study results
This study found that speech-language therapy can help people with Down syndrome (DS) in
overcoming their communication obstacles. Professional rehabilitation, which offers programmes for
further education or professional requalification, is usually provided to help people find employment.
Speech-language therapy can help people with developmental disabilities (DS) at different stages of
life. The results showed that the trainers' language skills were adequate for placing young people with
DS in the workforce, but the other participants claimed that they did not think these skills were
adequate. It is important to give these people opportunities for stimulation and training to get them
ready for workplace involvement and help them obtain employment. While parents, industry
employees, and instructors concurred that people with DS had "good" communication skills, they
disagreed as to whether or not they were appropriate for the job. However, the trainees experienced
more pleasant social interactions and improved communication after being placed in a professional
setting. These changes facilitated their empowerment and the role of speech-language therapists in
5 of 18
these individuals' career rehabilitation. When these people are employed, communication performance
improves.
Application to the South African Context
Although this article was written in Brazil, its conclusion can be adapted to any country as it focused on
the role of the speech-language therapist in the employment of individuals with Down syndrome. The
results were mixed but in general, it was seen that speech-language therapy can have an overall
positive impact on the communication skills of people with Down syndrome. Within the South African
context, I think it would be gainful for speech-language therapy to be made more widely available to
individuals with Down syndrome. If a company employs people with Down syndrome it may be of
benefit to them to have a speech-language therapist in their team, who may be a part of the HR
department. The SLT can work with individuals who need therapy as well as educate the employees
that work with them. This may be expensive for a business, but it will be favourable and could minutely
increase employment rates in the country.
===========================================================================
ARTICLE THREE
Title of article
Name of journal;
volume, number,
year; pages, age
of article
Authors and their
profession and
affiliation
Country research
done in;
description in
relation to S.A.
Relationship
between family
quality of life and
day occupations
of young people
with Down
syndrome
Social psychiatry
and psychiatric
epidemiology;
Vol, 49; 2014; pp
1455-1465
Foley, K.-R.; Girdler,
S.- Professors
School of Exercise
and Health Sciences,
Downs, J.Researcher
School of
Physiotherapy and
Exercise Science,
Curtin University
Lennox, N.-Professor
Australia: Australia Research
is a larger country
programme
with a smaller
population that is
governed by
parliamentary
democracy under
the constitutional
monarchy.
Compared to South
Africa, Australia
has better political
6 of 18
Type of Study
School of Medicine,
Queensland Centre
for Intellectual
and Developmental
Disability, University
of Queensland
Einfeld, S.- Professor
Faculty of Health
Sciences, University
of Sydney
stability and access
to healthcare.
Critical evaluation of each of the above aspects of biographical information
The focus of this This article is 9
Although the case
There is a lot to
article is on the
years old and
study took place in
consider here since
employment that written and
Australia, the
Australia has a
helps young
published before professors who
smaller population
people with
the pandemic
contributed to this
and in general a
Down syndrome however, I don't
article are from
better employment
more specifically think the
different countries,
rate than South
in “regular” jobs
outcome will
which allowed them Africa. Although
and the effect
change because
to bring their unique the results could
that this will have it is still a widely
perspectives to the
be considered a
on their families. agreed statement information they
global truth, how
that the more
were given. The
they plan to use
income and
article is a product of this information is
working
all these professors’ not something
members of a
agreed opinion on
South Africa may
family, the better the data they
be able to replicate
their quality of
received.
as quickly.
life is together.
This article
specifically stated
that it had built
on the research of
a previous study
and looks forward
to future research
as the answers
they got from this
study have raised
more questions
for them. this
research
programme aims
to identify what
can increase a
family's quality of
life concerning
employment and
income.
Summary of the study results
This study shows the relationship between open employment engagement for young people with
intellectual impairments and family quality of life, which is vital information for support providers for
children and adults with Down syndrome and their families. Families of young people who participated
in open employment reported improved family quality of life than those who participated in sheltered
employment, regardless of personal factors; however, the availability of family supports diminished this
influence. Because those adolescents scored better in terms of self-care, community involvement, and
communication skills, their families were more likely to report a higher family quality of life. This article
7 of 18
underlines the connection between young people with intellectual impairments working in the
community and family quality of life. It also provides vital information for those who help families and
carers of people with Down syndrome, both children and adults. Future research must look at the longterm, data-based factors that affect the family’s quality of life. Measuring family quality of life is
important because it is a major downstream goal for the services needed to place and support the
young person in a job that best utilises his or her skills and to assess any family assistance chosen.
Application to the South African Context
In South Africa, young people are forced into the workplace (wherever jobs are available) due to the
general financial instability of the country so there are many young people in the workplace. South
Africa has a high unemployment rate as there aren't enough jobs available for the number of people
seeking a job. this means the job market is very competitive and I feel like the negative stigma attached
to individuals with Down syndrome puts them at a disadvantage when looking for employment. With
regard to whether open or sheltered employment would be better, I do not think sheltered
employment is common enough in South Africa to actually consider that as a proper option for
everyone to consider.
===========================================================================
ARTICLE FOUR
Title of article
Adaptive
behaviour,
executive
function, and
employment
in adults with
Down syndrome
Name of journal
in italics;
volume, number,
year; pages, age
of article
Journal Intellect
Disability
Research volume
62 PART 1 pp 41–
52, January 2018,
Authors and their
profession and
affiliation
Country research
is done in;
description in
relation to S.A.
B. Tomaszewski et
al; D. Fidler; D.
Talapatra & K. Riley
was
The USA is largely
Research Program
situated in North
America. It is made
up of 50 states,
one federal district,
five large
unincorporated
8 of 18
Type of Study
territories, nine
Minor Outlying
Islands, and 326
Indian
reservations. This
country has 1 in
772 babies born
with Down
syndrome and it is
a common
chromosomal
disorder.
Critical evaluation of each of the above aspects of biographical information
The title tells us
This article was
B. Tomaszewski was The USA has a high
more about the
accepted on 24
a student at Frank
rate of children
difficulties with
October 2017
Porter Graham Child born with Down
aspects of the
and was then
Development
Syndrome which is
executive.
published in
Institute, University
a common
function (EF) and January 2018.
of North Carolina at intellectual
adaptive
Chapel Hill, Chapel
disability, this is
behaviour across
Hill, NC, USA, and he related to the
the
was doing Human
South African
lifespan. that
Development and
Context because in
people with
Family Studies at
SA down syndrome
Down Syndrome
Colorado State
is very common
experience
University, Fort
and the percentage
Collins, CO, USA
of children born
with it is high
D. Fidler was doing
Human
Development and
Family Studies, at
Colorado State
University, Fort
Collins, CO, USA
D. Talapatra & K.
Riley was a student
at Morgridge College
of Education,
University of Denver,
Denver, CO, USA
Summary of the study results
9 of 18
This study looked at the adaptive behaviour and Executive Function profiles of people with Down
syndrome in their early adulthood, as well as the relationship between these areas of functioning and
employment status, Adaptive Behaviour can be described as the collection of conceptual, social, and
practical skills that all people learn to function in their daily lives and since the Down Syndrome affect
the development of the brain of a person this lead to lack of development of adaptive behaviour skills
and this will affect the rate of employment since social skill is needed in workplace one has to make a
conversation with their colleague and being practical is part of many jobs. Communication, numeracy,
academic skills, and self-direction are examples of conceptual skills, whereas social skills include social
responsibility, self-esteem, interpersonal skills, and social problem resolution if a person suffers from the
development of conceptual skills this results in many difficulties and barriers that restrict them from
being employed. This results in people with this intellectual disability having low chances of being
employed
Application to the South African Context
As much as this was written and published in the USA it has a lot of common things that people of South
Africa relate to it with, This article focussed on the young people who were undergoing the school-work
transition which is a hard and most difficult part of their life because now they have to have colleague
around them and conversation it is a must to take place whereas to them the conversation is nor what
they are used to short sentence conversation and now they are going to have to elaborate and it fears
them and their parents too. This is what young people are facing in South Africa difficulties that come
with employment and limitations they have for themselves when it comes to work categorises.
===========================================================================
10 of 18
ARTICLE FIVE
Title of article
Name of journal;
volume, number,
year; pages, age
of article
Authors and their
profession and
affiliation
Challenges to
employment –
Perception and
barriers as seen
by people with
Down syndrome
and their
parents.
International
Journal of
Practical
Approaches to
Disability,
Volume 25, 2000,
No 1
Roy BrownUniversity of
Victoria; University
of Calgary; Flinders
University
Country research
done in;
description in
relation to S.A.
South Australia, SA
is a state in the
southern central
part of Australia.
This state has a
service for people
John Grantleywith Down
Hasn’t claimed this
Syndrome and
research yet.
their families who
live in South
Judy ThornleyAustralia, and it is
Hasn’t claimed this
called Information
research yet.
Service SA. This
country has shown
a small percentage
of employment for
people with Down
syndrome.
Critical evaluation of each of the above aspects of biographical information
The title of this
This article was
There are 3 authors
Australia has a
article is telling
published in 2000 found in this article
smaller population
us more about
January but was
but there’s only one and has a better
the challenges
uploaded by Roy who has claimed this employment rate
and issues that
Brown on 02
research so far and
for people with
young people
August 2022. And he was a professor
Down syndrome
with Down
the recent
at the University of
which is 34% and
syndrome suffer articles in
Victoria; University
then in South
to get jobs and
Exceptionality
of Calgary; Flinders
Africa, 85% of
how it affects
Education
University
disabled people
their parents.
Canada (1999)
are unemployed.
seconded the
Both these
need for
countries are
application found
experiencing low
in this article
employment rates
for young people
with Down
Syndrome.
Summary of the study results
11 of 18
Type of Study
Research and
practice
programme
The purpose of
this research
programme was
to check and
compare the
perspective and
opinions of young
people with Down
syndrome with
that of their
parents when it
comes to the
employment of
people with Down
Syndrome.
This study shows how this school–to–work transition of young people with Down Syndrome has on them
and their parents. It was found that the parents tend to be more worried about their children and how
they will cope at the workplace ending up limiting the job categories for their child in the name of
protecting them. , Each parent was given a questionnaire whereby they has to choose the job categories
that they think their child could do and on the other side the young people were also given the same list
of job categories to choose which they think they will fit and can do and the results that were found was
that the young people with Down syndrome choose more categories than what their parent chose, this
show restrictive the parents are when it comes to choosing job categories for their children. Two parallel
questionnaires were conducted (Brown and Bayer (1992), Halpern (1994) and
Renwick, Brown and Nagler (1994)
Application to the South African Context
This article was written and published in South Australia, but its content can be related to any other
country especially developing countries like South Africa since it focuses on the challenges that young
people with Down syndrome experience. The results were mixed but in general, it was seen that the
percentage of young people with Down syndrome getting hired is very, very low compared to the normal
people should I say do not have Down Syndrome. South Australia has a lot of common things that people
of South Africa relate to it, This article focussed on the young people who were undergoing the schoolwork transition which is a hard and most difficult part of their life because now they have to have
colleagues around them and conversation it is a must to take place whereas to them the conversation is
nor what they are used to short sentence conversation and now they are going to have to elaborate and
it fears them and their parents too. This is what young people are facing in South Africa difficulties that
come with employment and limitations they have for themselves when it comes to work categorises.
Within the South African context, I think it would be better if these people with Down syndrome can be
12 of 18
given more opportunities for example start by giving them volunteer work which will train them and give
them the chance to be exposed to work because other than having this intellectual disability they are
normal just like everyone it’s just that they have short sentences conversation, their colleagues can try
to adapt to their situation by for example always ask questions to confirm that they have understood the
task or instruction. When the company is hiring, they should try to have a Speech therapist or someone
else who has Down Syndrome as part of the team. Creating awareness about Down Syndrome and
learning programs about people with Down syndrome will help colleagues and supervisors to learn more
about this disability and how to work with people who have it, which will make things much easier for
everyone.
===========================================================================
ARTICLE SIX
Title of article
Name of journal;
volume, number,
year; pages, age
of article
Authors and their
profession and
affiliation
Country research
done in;
description in
relation to S.A.
Type of Study
Critical evaluation of each of the above aspects of biographical information
Does
Journal
Piro-Gambetti, BUnited States of
Research
Employment
intellectual
Waisman Centre,
America; The USA
programme
Complexity
Disabilities;
University of
is a larger country
Promote Healthy Vol.0(0);2023;
Wisconsin,
with a greater
Cognitive Aging
pp1-15
Department of
population that is
in
Human
under a republican
Down Syndrome?
Development &
Parliamentary
Family Studies,
presidency.
Benjamin Handen
Although they have
Department of
more political
Psychiatry,
unrest, it is said
University of
that they have
Pittsburgh;
better access to
Glukhovskaya, Mhealthcare and
Department of
lower
Psychiatry,
unemployment
University of
rates.
13 of 18
Pittsburgh;
Schworer, E. K.Waisman Center,
University of
Wisconsin,
Department of
Human,
Development &
Family Studies,
University of
Wisconsin; Hartley,
S. L.
- Waisman Center,
University of
Wisconsin,
Department of
Human,
Development &
Family Studies,
University of
Wisconsin
Summary of the study results
The current study looked at the occupational complexity of persons with Down syndrome to see if
higher work complexity is related to improved cognitive ageing outcomes. and the findings were that
lower employment complexity involving People and Things was associated with greater dementia
symptoms, according to partial correlations. Lower job complexity involving Things was also linked to
memory deterioration. These findings have implications for career training and placement programs for
adults with Down syndrome. Employment complexity is a changeable lifestyle characteristic that may
be used to slow cognitive deterioration in persons with Down syndrome. To the best of our knowledge,
this was the first study to look at employment complexity in individuals with DS and its relationship to
AD-related cognitive decline. The findings show that greater work complexity may operate as a
protective factor, delaying AD-related cognitive decline and dementia symptoms. These findings
suggest that, despite having a genetic risk for AD, there may be strategies to adjust lifestyles in persons
with DS to maintain healthy cognitive ageing for a longer period. These findings have ramifications for
14 of 18
social policy and job training and placement programs in vocational rehabilitation. Efforts to prepare,
train, and put persons with DS in paid or volunteer positions
Application to the South African Context
In South Africa, people who do not have this type of intellectual disability tend to think that the
employment complexity of people with Down syndrome is low in that way they are seen as they are
not critical thinkers, and are anti-social, and this restricts their access to many job categories. And I feel
like this thing of Normal people's judgements toward people with Down Syndrome happens to get to
them and they even end up thinking that all these myths are true, and they start to believe that their
disability restricts them. Employment complexity in South Africa has a great impact on the outcomes of
people with Down Syndrome.
15 of 18
Conclusion
In conclusion, people with Down syndrome are capable of working and can make valuable
contributions to the workforce. However, they often face challenges when seeking
employment due to a lack of understanding and support from employers. By hiring
individuals with Down syndrome, employers can benefit from their positive attitudes, strong
work ethic, and social skills. Additionally, creating a more diverse and inclusive workforce
can have a positive impact on the workplace as a whole. Employment of youth with Down
syndrome is also beneficial as it can help them build necessary social skills and increase their
family’s quality of life. It's time for employers to recognize the potential of individuals with
Down syndrome and provide them with the opportunities they deserve. This can only be
achieved when all parties involved but more especially employers, are properly educated on
Down syndrome as well as how they can accommodate these individuals in the workplace.
*People with Down syndrome face challenges and barriers when it comes to having access to
job opportunities and they are being restricted to certain job categories. Young people with
Down Syndrome should be given more chances to show their skills in workplaces and it is
about time that they are taken more seriously and they should be allowed to show off their
skills.
16 of 18
References:
Articles:
Tod, C. J. (2013). Employment in Down syndrome: the experiences of individuals with Down
syndrome, their employers, and families in KwaZulu-Natal (Doctoral dissertation).
Barbosa, T. M. M. F., Lima, I. L. B., Alves, G. Â. D. S., & Delgado, I. C. (2018, March).
Contributions of speech-language therapy to the integration of individuals with Down
syndrome in the workplace. In CoDAS (Vol. 30). Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia.
Foley, K. R., Girdler, S., Downs, J., Jacoby, P., Bourke, J., Lennox, N., ... & Leonard, H. (2014).
Relationship between family quality of life and day occupations of young people with Down
syndrome. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 49, 1455-1465.
***************************************************************************
B. Tomaszewski; D. Fidler; D. Talapatra& K. Riley (2018). Adaptive behaviour, executive
function, and Employment in adult with down syndrome
John Grantley, Roy Brown, and Judy Thornley (2000). Challenges to employment –
Perception and barriers as seen by people with Down syndrome and their parents.
Brianna Piro-Gambetti; Emily K. Schworer; Sigan L. Hartley; Benjamin Handen and Masha
Glukhovskaya (2023). Does Employment Complexity Promote Healthy Cognitive Aging in
Down Syndrome?
17 of 18
*
Figure 1-Kezia Pillay: Article 3
*
*
Figure 2- Kezia Pillay: Articles 2 & 1
18 of 18
DCDA ASSIGNMENT MARKING RUBRIC
Registration numbers: 1. 221069547
2. 221062887
Area: Employment and Down Syndrome. Mark:1. __________% 2. ___________%
Cover
Assignment module information, section allocated to you.
Date
Registration number/s
Introduction
Linking theory to this sub-area
1. /10
2. /10
Table
Biographical
information for 3
articles
Significance of
the articles’
Title of article
1. /30
2. /30
Name of the journal in italics; volume, number, year; pages (pp.
xx-yy), age of the article
Authors, their profession and affiliation.
Country research is done in, the description in relation to SA.
Type of Study:
Significance of the article:
Table Summary
of the study
results in relation
to the DCD area
and its
application to the
South African
context for each
article
Summary of the study results in relation to the DCD area:
Conclusion
Drawing together all the articles and concluding the
assignment
1. /30
2. /30
Application to the South African context
1. /10
2. /10
Printouts
showing how you
searched for the
articles
search engine:
Reference list
APA format
key words:
1. /5
2. /5
lists of hits:
/10
Complete
General
/5