THE PASSIVE
ACTIVE VOICE
•He sends the letter.
PASSIVE VOICE
•The letter is sent (by him).
PASSIVE
VOICE
BE (В НУЖНОМ ВРЕМЕНИ) + V3
- Лицо, выполняющее действие неизвестно,
неважно, неочевидно;
ex.: My car was stolen.
- Чтобы быть более вежливым/официальным;
ex.: The car hasn’t been clean.
Instead of: You haven’t cleaned my car.
- Само действие важнее исполнителя;
ex.: 30 people were killed in the earthquake.
- Подчеркнуть кто является исполнителем.
ex.: The new library will be opened by the King.
Present S. delivers – is delivered
Past S. – delivered – was delivered
Pr. Perfect – has delivered – has been delivered
Past Perfect – had delivered – had been delivered
Pr. Continuous – is delivering – is being delivered
Past Continuous – was delivering – was being delivered
Future S. – will deliver – will be delivered
Infinitive – (has) to deliver – (has) to be delivered
Modal verbs – must deliver – must be delivered
Вопрос в пассивном залоге
WHO / WHAT + Be + Object + Verb + By?
Who was the TV
invented by?
What was the fire
caused by?
Impersonal / Personal passive
structures
■ He made me do
something
(Он заставил меня что-то
сделать)
■ He didn’t let me do
something.
(Он не разрешил мне чтото сделать)
■ I was made to do
something
(Меня заставили что-то
сделать)
■ I wasn’t allowed to do
something.
(Мне не разрешили что-то
сделать)
Исключения
■ Глаголы (have, fit, exist, seem, suit, lack, resemble) не имеют формы
страдательного залога (пассива). Ex. This skirt doesn’t fit me.
■ В повседневных ситуациях, произошедших неожиданно, вместо – to be –
употребляется – to get -.
■ Существительное, обозначающее исполнителя действия может быть опущено,
если выражено словами: somebody, someone, people, they, he, one, etc. Ex.
Someone has broken the window. – The window has been broken.
■ Глаголы, имеющие два дополнения (bring, tell, send, show, teach, promise, sell,
read, offer, give, lend) образуют две модели страдательного залога: He offered
me a deal. – I was offered a deal. / A deal was offered to me.
■ После глаголов (hear, help, make, see) следует инфинитив с частицей – to -. Ex.
They saw him leave the building / He was seen to leave the building.
■ После глаголов (hear, watch, see) может употребляться причастие настоящего
времени: They saw him running down the street. / He was seen running down the
street.