TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND
LEARNING 2
DIFFERENT CONCEPTS OF TECHNOLOGY
Technology as the use of gadgets, tools, or equipment
to perform a task expediently and efficiently.
- It is the knowing, making, modifying, and using of tools,
machine, techniques, crafts, systems, and methods of
organization in order to solve a problem, improve a preexisting solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an
applied input/output relation
or perform a specific
function.
Technology as the collection of tools, including
machinery, modifications, arrangements, and procedures
-This refers to reliable devices that enable one to make
presentations repeatedly.
Other gadgets as technology.
- Some people need to use gadgets or tools to perform
home chores faster like washing machine, rice cooker, hair
blower, electric fan etc.
The Teacher as a technology
-Most important technology asset is the teacher.
CONCEPTS OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Educational technology as the selection, development,
managing and use of appropriate technological processes
and resources.
Educational technology as the choice of appropriate
principles in the preparation and utilization of conventional
and non-conventional technology tools as well as traditional
and alternative teaching strategies.
5 DOMAINS OF TECHNOLOGY
Design
Development
Utilization
Evaluation
Management
DOMAIN 1: DESIGN
Establishing a framework to guide in planning the
educational technology.
The theory and practice of design includes instructional
system design, Instructional Strategies, and Learner’s
Characteristics
TECHNOLOGY THEORY
CONSTRUCTIVISM
1. Constructivism provides representation of the reality.
Designing programs can be meaningful if the learner
experienced the activities which are familiar and real.
2. Constructivism represents the natural complexity of the
real world. Design the life cycle of a butterfly starting from
a worm to a full-blown butterfly.
3. Constructivism represents authentic tasks which focus on
contextualizing rather than abstracting. The teacher can
design evaluation tools with the use of samples for very
well made cell phone holder made from beads, satisfactory
made cell phone holder from beads and poorly made cell
phone holder out of beads.
4. Constructivism provides real world case-based learning
environment rather than predetermined instructional
event.
5. Constructivism fosters reflective practice.
6. Constructivism promotes context and content.
DOMAIN 2: DEVELOPMENT
The theory and practice of development of educational
technology includes print technologies, audio technologies,
still visuals, audio-visual technologies, information and
communication technologies, electronic technologies, and
integrated technologies.
DOMAIN 3: UTILIZATION
The Theory and practice on utilization of educational
technology includes media utilization, implementation,
institutionalization and policies and regulation
DOMAIN 4: MANAGEMENT
The theory and practice on management of educational
technology includes project management, resources
management, management of delivery and diffusion of
innovation.
DOMAIN 5: EVALUATION
The theory and practice of evaluation of educational
technology includes problem analysis, measurement,
formative evaluation, and summative evaluation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS
The focus on integration of technology will be on
facilitating and enhancing the teaching-learning episodes
undertaken by both the teachers and the students.
TECHNOLOGICAL COMPETENCE
Refers to the ability to use with ease and confidence the
equipment, tools or gadgets mentioned above.
HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
STONE AGE
Could be shown by the ignition of fire by rubbing two
stones.
Creation of hand-made weapons, manufacturing of
utensils using stones, and the use of clothing from animal
skin and fur.
Stone-age people also developed canoe-ship
technology which enabled them to travel across the ocean.
BRONZE AGE
Development of agricultural technology fishing
techniques and domesticating animals
Establishment of permanent homes
Developed metal technology using copper and bronze.
IRON AGE
The people made progress by resorting to iron smelting
technology since iron was cheaper than bronze.
This age was the last period prior to the discovery of
writing.
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY DURING THE
ANCIENT PERIOD
PAUL SAETTLER (2004)
He traced the development of educational technology
during the ancient civilization
Tribal Priest introduced bodies of knowledge and
ancient culture, and introduced sign writing or pictographs
to record or transmit information.
PICTOGRAPHS
A drawing of ideas like house, fruits, vegetables, events
and other thoughts and ideas.
HARAPPAN PEOPLE
Important
example
of
ancient
language
development whose writing was described as
pictographic script.
CHINESE CIVILIZATION
Contributed technology like paper, seismological
detectors, toilet paper, matches, wheelbarrow,
parachute, natural gas as fuel, map and gun powder.
EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE
One of the longest, surviving, and used languages in the
world. Their script was made up of pictures of the real
things like birds, animals, different tools etc.
HIEROGLYPH
These are the pictures found in Egyptian languages.
There are about 500 hieroglyphs which are known as
hieroglyphics
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY DURING
MEDIEVAL AND MODERN PERIOD
Development of printing technology
Invention of printing press took place in approximately
1450 AD by Johannes Gutenberg
Educational technology was associated with simple aids
like charts and pictures.
In 1873, educational technology paved its way to be
known as audio-visual education
MARIA MONTESSORI
Renowned child educator
Introduced Montessori Method
MONTESSORI METHOD
A graded designed activities to provide for the proper
sequencing of subject matter for each individual learner.
CHARLES BABBAGE
He designed a general-purpose computing device that
laid the foundation of the modern computer in 1883.
GERMANY
Where the first practical use of regular television
broadcast happened.
BERLIN
Where the Olympic games in 1936 were shown on
television.
In 1950, open circuit television began to broadcast
entertainment.
In 1960, television was used in education.
In 1966, O.K Moore developed a talking type
tutorial Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI).
Since 1974, computers are used in schools, colleges,
and universities.
BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION
Started school broadcast in 1920.
BENJAMIN BLOOM
In 1956, he Introduced the taxonomy of educational
objectives.
Educational technology begun in 1960 from America, to
Russia and now it has reached to England, Europe, and
India.
MICRO TEACHING TECHNIQUE
Was first adopted by Dwayne and his co-workers
at Stanford University in USA.
ELECTRONICS
Is the main technology being developed in the
beginning of the 21st century.
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
It is the used of technology which is based on the specific
needs and requirements of education to address
education-related
problems
to
facilitate
the
implementation and evaluation of human learning.
5 STAGES OF EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
STAGE 1
Associated with the use of aids like charts, maps, symbols,
models, specimens and concrete materials.
Educational Technology referred to audio-visual aids.
STAGE 2
Refers to the introduction of electronics through the
sophisticated hardware and software.
Use of varied audio-visual gadgets like projector,
tape recorder, radio and television.
STAGE 3
Revolved around the use of communication enhancement
equipment to promote mass media for instructional
purposes. Computer- Assisted Instruction (CAI) became an
important component of instruction.
STAGE 4
Exemplified individualized teaching and learning with
the used of programmed learning and programmed
instruction.
STAGE 5
 Latest concept of educational technology which is
influenced by the concept of system engineering or system
approach which focuses on language laboratories,
teaching machines, programmed instruction and the use of
computer in instruction.
HISTORY OF INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY IN
EDUCATION
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
UNESCO described ICT as a tool and processes in
accessing, retrieving, storing, organizing, manipulating,
producing, presenting, and exchanging information by
electronic and other automated means.
5 PHASES OF USING COMPUTERS IN
EDUCATION
LATE 1970’S-EARLY 1980’S
Programming, drills, and practices
Computers begun to use in schools.
In early 1980’s, teachers taught ADP (automated data
processing) through the use of Nokia MikroMikko.
LATE 1980’S- EARLY 1990’S
Computer-based training (CBT) with multimedia
Golden era of CD-ROMs and multimedia computers
Multimedia computers with advance graphics and sound
came to market.
EARLY 1990’S
Internet-based learning (IBL)
Third wave of using computers in education came with
the adoption of World Wide Web.
LATE 1990’S-EARLY 2000
E-learning
Improvements were made on the internet-based
training in the form of e-learning.
LATE 2000
Social software + free and open content
Blogs and wikis that are easily accessible even editable
for sharing of ideas