RIZAL IN SPAIN In Spain 1882-1885 ➢ Mission with Kuya Paciano “To me the principal purpose of your departure is not to finish this course but to study other things of greater usefulness or that to which you are more inclined. So, I think you ought to study at Madrid.” – it is not enough to finish his study, it is great to study to other things in Europe. He accepted that each individual has a mission. ➢ Rizal himself “But God has not made anything useless in this world, as all beings fulfill obligations or role in the sublime drama of Creation, I cannot exempt myself from this duty, and small though it be, I too have a mission to fulfill, as for example: alleviating the sufferings of my fellow-men. I realize that all these mean sacrifices, and terrible ones. I imagine the pain which I must give you, but I feel somethings that obliges me and impels me to leave. I shall strive with fate, and I shall win or lose… God’s will be done.” Departure by sea ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Salvadora (Ship) Singapore - From Calamba to Manila and Talim Island - Farewell letter to parents and girlfriend (because his parents will stop him) - Hotel dela Paz, Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles (founded the small city of Singapore. Djemnah Colombo - French steamer (Djemnah) – bigger liner - “More beautiful, smart, and elegant than Singapore, Point Galle and Manila” – description of Colombo - Traveling towards the South, crossing the Indian Ocean Through Suez - Cape of Guardafui, Somalia inhospitable but famous - Aden, Yemen and its hot climate and camels – another port - Ferdinand de Lesseps and Nov. 17, 1869 – built Suez Canal - Port Said, Mediterranean terminal, and the multiracial inhabitants - Arabic Naples and Marseilles – last port - Fascinating, historical Italian city - Naples - French harbor, Chateau de If, bound to Barcelona – Marseilles Last Destination via water – Barcelona ➢ ➢ ➢ His first expression was bad because he landed on a city where people are inhospitable. Cataluna – changed his impression of Barcelona as people can freely discuss about liberalism. Las Ramblas – pathway in plaza Cataluna. Walkway built on dry riverbed. Amor Patrio on August 20, 1882 ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ First work of Rizal – “Love of Country” Manila, Diariong Tagalog (Publisher), Basilio Teodoro Moran In Spanish and Tagalog – translated due to seriousness “And how strange! The poorer and more miserable she is, the more we suffer for her, and the more she is idolized and adored; yes, there is real joy in suffering for her…” Los Viajes or Travels and Revista de Madrid or Review of Madrid – republished Cholera epidemic and nocturnal procession and novenas to San Roque – bad news in PH Update from Chenggoy (Cecilio) about Leonor Rivera – she was sad. In Madrid ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Central University of Madrid for Medicine and Philosophy and Letters now called Universidad de Complutense de Madrid in Ciudad Universitaria. Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando Private tutorials for French, German, and English Hall of Arms of Sanz y Carbonell for fencing and shooting Art galleries, museums, libraries and cultural observing – during his free time Fraternity with Cubans, Mexicans, Argentina – friends Spartan life – not led luxurious life but frugal Madrid lottery – to earn additional money Gymnasiums Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey and Consuelo – liberal friend of Rizal They Asked Me for Verses ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Member of Circulo Hispano Filipino Mi Piden Versos – requested poem from Rizal, nationalistic poem “You bid me now to strike the lyre, That mute and torn so long has lain; And yet I cannot wake the strain Nor will the Muse one note inspire – compared himself to a lyre because it has no inspiration My soul can neither feel nor sing – because he was rooted out of his country There was a time –ah tis too true – But that time long ago has past – Where upon me the Muse had cast Indulgent smile and friendship’s due But of that age now all too few… A plant I am, that scarcely grown, Was torn out from its Eastern bed, Where all around perfume is shed And life but as a dream is known; The land I can truly call my own… doctoral degree which is for professors and in PH Spanish doctors are only given the chance to teach. Casas habitadas y lugares frecuentados por Rizal en Madrid ➢ (1961) by Pedro Ortiz Armengol – talks about the places where Rizal frequent Calle Amor de Dios 13-15 -September 12, 1882 to May 1883 ➢ ➢ ➢ He led a frugal life with his P50/month allowance which was reduced to P35 because of farm bad harvests. Rizal lived with Vicente Gonzalez, a friend from his Ateneo de Manila days whom he fondly called Marques de Pagong. The house was chosen for it is near the university Calle Fernandez y Gonzalez May 1883 to June 17, 1883 ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ His life in Madrid was very hectic He was into liberal books Exposed to student demonstration which is liberalism Frequent in hospital Reformist – Luna and Hidalgo described by Rizal as genius of the period Republican party is for liberalism, opposite of conservative party which support monarch Not let the stronger country subjugate the weaker country 5th, 6th and Licentiate ➢ June 21, 1884 – last two years in Spain he was focused on getting a license ➢ Medicine 9 courses, Philosophy and Letters 9 courses ➢ “My doctorate is not very much value to me … because although it is useful to a university professor, yet I believe they (Dominicans) will never appoint me as such in the College of Santo Tomas. I say the same thing of philosophy and letters which may serve also for a professorship, but I doubt if the Dominican fathers will grant it to me” – he is not into getting 8, 3º- 4 Where he criticized his fellow residents for engaging in idle discussions day after day. He lived here with Eduardo de Lete and Ceferino de Leon. By their agreement, they did not allow gambling (juego de azar) in their quarters. Eduardo de Lete, a Philippine-born Spaniard, belonging to the less radical representatives of Filipino interests in Spain. His editorship of España en Filipinas turned it into a tame reformist paper. Calle Ventura de la Vega 1883 (Autumn) to August 1884 ➢ ➢ ➢ The residence of D. Pablo Ortiga y Rey, vice president of the Consejo de Filipinas and the headquarters of Circulo Hispano Filipino. In a letter to this family dated October 10, 1882, Rizal mentioned having boarded here, apparently on a temporary basis since the entries would indicate that he had other places of residence in Madrid. The daughter of the owner, Consuelo Ortiga y Rey caught Rizal’s fancy. Rizal even gave Consuelo poems, musical pieces from Paris and guimaras, a kind of textile from the Philippines. The guimaras gift was acknowledged by Consuelo through de Lete, which seemed to have put an end to Rizal’s illusions about her love, his first derrota or defeat as he wrote in codes in his diary. Circulo Hispano Filipino ➢ ➢ Organized as a forum for Filipino students to discuss Philippine affairs. It sponsored regular bailes (dances) to raise funds for the association. ➢ ➢ ➢ It published a magazine financed by Juan Atayde, a Philippine-born Spaniard. Among those with whom Rizal discussed Philippine issues were the Paternos — Pedro, Maximino and Antonio — and Gregorio Sangciangco y Goson who made deep impressions on Rizal. The latter wrote El Progreso de Filipinas which said that a plan for agriculture, commerce and industry could usher in improvements and progress in the Philippines. The association did not last long, as Rizal wrote to his family on January 29, 1883, that it disbanded upon his suggestion apparently due to lack of sufficient interests of the members. Calle Gran Via September 11, 1883 - temporary ➢ ➢ Starting September 6 of that year, he was paying a daily rent of four pesetas a day. He said that this amount excluded the cost of kerosene which he had to buy himself so he could read and study at night. The conditions were not that ideal for he had to board in another place with a Filipino student. ➢ Virgins Being Exposed to the Populace by Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ It is a trend to be into arts that is why he met a lot people interested in arts He joined Esteban Villanueva who came to Madrid to study law but later became an established painter. It seems that painting and the arts as disciplines, had such an attraction to Filipinos since a number of them pursued these as careers – Luna, Hidalgo, Melecio Figueroa, an engraver and Villanueva. Rizal at that point was in dire financial difficulties. In his report on his whereabouts, he mentioned his high grades in medicine, his victory in Greek contests and exams in Historia Universal but said he had to pawn Saturnina’s ring given to him, to pay for his exams. At one time, Rizal did not have any meal at all for one whole day. Fortuitously, he had been asked by the Paternos to deliver one of the main speeches at a banquet, a toast to Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo who had just won first and second prizes (for the Spoliarium and Virgenes Cristianas Expuesta al Populacho), respectively, at the art competition sponsored by the Exposicion de Bellas Artes in Madrid. He wrote these in codes in his diary which were later decoded by Miguel Unamuno, his Spanish friend, upon the request of Wenceslao Retana. SPOLIARIUM BY JUAN LUNA ➢ ➢ It was submitted by Luna to the Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes in 1884 in Madrid, where it garnered the first gold medal (out of three). In 1886, it was sold to the Diputación Provincial de Barcelona for 20,000 pesetas. It currently hangs in It shows two Christian maidens overcome with shame and anguish as they are stripped before a lascivious mob of Romans. the Roman Empire, its use of oil and its overall style. Read as an allegory that spoke of Spanish abuse. colonial cultural domination as a nationalist symbol that critiques and subverts Spanish authority Used his canvas to bring change unlike reformists who use their writing Calle Pizarro 15 ➢ In a letter to his family, on August 29, 1884, Rizal informed them of living here with classmates Ceferino de Leon and Julio Llorente. ➢ It was very close to the Facultad de Filosofia y Letras at c/ Bernardo where he was to finish in a year his philosophy and letters degree. ➢ It was here where he wrote to his family why sugar prices had fallen – Cuba and Puerto Rico, as well as the colonies of Great Britain, had replaced the Philippines as the new sources of U.S. imports, the biggest at that time. – Calamba and Paciano – sugar production ➢ It was also here where Rizal quietly started his novel Noli Me Tangere. Calle del Barquillo 34, 4º ➢ the main gallery at the ground floor of the National Museum of Fine Arts in Manila. Luna, working on canvas (4 m x 7m), spent eight months completing the painting which depicts dying gladiators. Calle Cedaceros 11, from October 1 to 15, 1885 piso principal ➢ He shared the place with Ceferino de Leon and Eduardo de Lete. He told his parents that he would be moving to Paris and Berlin to study ophthalmology under the best professors at that time. ➢ Paciano advised him to stay in Hong Kong instead since this would not be very far from home. The reputation of Rizal as an anti-friar intellectual had become public because of his speech at the Hotel Ingles at the banquet to honor Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo. – Paciano was worried that Rizal can be arrested when he returns ➢ Complete his medicine proper ➢ ➢ Faculty of Law – not approved by his kuya His second course was Philosophy ➢ Active RIZAL GOING HOME TO CALAMBA AND LEAVING AGAIN ➢ ➢ The Return Trip ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Ship Djemnah Marseilles to Singapore Steamer Haiphong Saigon to Manila ➢ ➢ ➢ Did not see Leonor in his 6 months stay in Calamba To divert the bad habits of people like sabong and pangginge, he put up a gymnasium where they can exercise In last month stay, the Augustinian Order friars pressured Gov. E. Terrero. Because they were portrayed bad in Noli as Padre Damaso Gov. E. Terrero tried his best to believe Rizal did nothing wrong and gave him bodyguard which is Jose Traviel who became close with Rizal His speech in Spain and Novel problem will be aggravated by the land problem in Calamba People were looking up to him how he can help in this problem the Hacienda Question – the Dominican fathers who own the land which are rented by farmers like his father. His father was responsible in paying the rent but there was an increase which they do not want to pay. This can cause economic instability. In Hongkong and Macao February 1888 On board Zafiro ➢ ➢ ➢ Illness of parents Speech – talks about the genius of Filipinos, all are equal in the eyes of God, the painters need recognition, equality between races, questioning the Spanish government handling the PH Rizal’s letter to Blumentritt ➢ Quiet Return ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ “I will be more useful to my country” Eager to resume romance with Leonor Welcomed with tears and cheers from family Sharing of his stories abroad Parents – afraid something might happen because they were receiving death threats Gov. Terrero advised him to leave the country to not further endanger the life of his loved ones. Thus, he obeys to save his family from the troubles. ➢ At last I can write freely… They forced me to leave my country… Half sick I left the house… Without the aid of my friend Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade… Without the sympathies of the Governor General, the directors of the civil administration and civil government, I would now be in some dungeon. All the provincials and the archbishop went daily to the Governor General to complain against me…” He wanted to settle down but he had no choice. Various Roles played in Calamba ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Put up a clinic – branded as Dr. Aleman because he trained in Germany His clinic – was big help to the family 26 years old at the time ➢ ➢ His second trip is towards northward via Hongkong, the first was toward south via Singapore Rizal notice that there was a spy following his move in Hongkong, Macau and Japan. – Jose Saenz de Baranda He met some nationalists in Hongkong Jose Maria Basa – a close nationalist friend of Rizal Jose Maria Basa ➢ Chose to stay in Hongkong because it is a British colony. Spain do not hold them. ➢ Regal, lovely and charming ➢ Speaks English and French – no language barrier ➢ She was a guide, interpreter, and tutor ➢ ”… No woman like has ever loved me. No woman like you has ever sacrificed for me… Sayonara… ➢ He was tempted to stay in Japan because economic is good, away from Spaniards but he has bigger purpose in life Tetcho Suehiro and his textual filiation – Japanese Liberal ➢ ➢ New year of Chinese is different from the way we celebrate our new year. Fireworks not allowed in PH. Audience are nosy. In Japan February 22, 1888 On board Oceanic, American liner In Yokohama ➢ Stayed at Grand Hotel after a day transferred to Tokyo Hotel – stayed in better hotels because he had money from the earnings, he had in Calamba Impressive Tokyo ➢ Letter of Jose Rizal to F. Blumentritt – “Tokyo is more expensive than Paris. The walls are built in cyclopean manner. The streets are large and wide.” ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Doesn’t know any language – Rizal was his interpreter Both shared personal chemistry and the growing emotional intimacy as they were thrown together by the ups and downs of traveling to the West. Nanyō no daiharan or Storm Over the Southern Sea 1891(resembles Noli Me Tangere) and Ō Unabara or The Big Ocean 1894 (similar to El Filibusterismo) The difference is he can go back home and work in the parliament and continue to serve his country Unlike Rizal, if he return it will lead to execution The “Manila Gentleman” in Oshi no ryokō (Mute’s Travels) referring to Jose Rizal Leaving Japan Accompanied to reach USA America – “Land par excellence of freedom but only for the whites” April 28, 1888 – May 16, 1888 on board Belgic Thoughts and Observation ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Invited by the Spanish Chargé d’ Affaire, Señor Alcaraz where he saved money and proved he had nothing to hide Learned Nihonggo to easily blend in Met Filipino/Paisano (Paisano means people of the country) musical band Jose Rizal statue in Hibiya Park, Tokyo, Japan Stayed for 1 month Enchanting beauty of Japan Clean, polite, honest and hardworking Japanese Colorful kimono and charming Japanese women Few thieves and beggars Upset the sensitivity of people with the use of rickshaw – transportation pulled by the man Rickshaw – practice of Korea Romance with O-Sei-San ➢ From a noble samurai family ➢ ➢ ➢ America is good only for the white but not other races Separate ways with Suehiro upon arriving in USA From West to East – trip using fairways and trains Thoughts and Observation ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ He noticed the discrimination in San Francisco. Passengers in the lower deck of the ship is stopped to go out of the ship – put on hold or quarantine due to cholera epidemic in Asia. Rizal – 1st class not affected and know that there was no epidemic that time. Japanese and Chinese – were stop not only because of cholera but also due to political reasons. They were called as cheap workers. White workers don’t want these cheap workers to compete with them. Allowing them to enter in USA, American workers might get displaced. Labor force was putting a pressure on the President of USA who wanted to be reelected. Thus, he cannot say no to the demands of the White thus they were put into check. Nevada – empty land Thoughts and Observation ➢ Hudson River – trading ➢ ➢ New York – there will be downtown (used to describe the heart of Manila) and uptown George Washington – cannot be paralleled by anyone About USA – Seen the great material progress as seen in big cities, huge farms, due to the flourishing industries and busy factories operated High standard of living – same way as Tokyo Attitude and Energy of Americans - Determination and dynamism of The Americans – seen in the airplane production – USA as industrialized power country Due the hugeness of USA and industrialization trends – ideal for people looking better opportunities for poor immigrants “Land par excellence of freedom but only for the whites” Hard to live because discrimination is eminent. Negros are not allowed to marry White. RIZAL 2ND EUROPEAN VISIT ➢ After USA, he’ll be going to Europe from London to Ghent Annotation ➢ ➢ ➢ London May 1888 – March 19, 1889 ➢ Stayed in London for a year ➢ Main activities in London ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ To advance his English language To annotate Sucesos delas Islas Filipinas by Antonio de Morga – has seen rare copy Write articles for La Solidaridad and Letter to the Women of Malolos – contributing poems in La Solidaridad and granted upon request of Marcelo H. Del Pilar to commend the Women of Malolos Romance with Gertrude Beckett ➢ ➢ ➢ A note of explanation or comment added to a text 10 months of reading and copying page by page Familiarization with the old Spanish chronicles written by Frs. Chirino, Plasencia, Colin, and Arganzola. “An excellent work… Morga is a modern scholarly explorer… He does not have the superficiality and exaggeration of Spanish today… He writes simply.” Rizal came from 19th century and the book was published in 17th century Rizal became good in history because he compared works. Morga’s work about PH was well-written City of Rome Liner ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Second biggest liner in the world Inferior American journalists on geo-politics – not aware Entertaining passengers with his language skill and yoyo – as a weapon Liverpool as “Big beautiful city and famous port… entrance is magnificent, and the customhouse is quite good.” – first stop In London ➢ Meet up with Dr. Reinhold Rost and Atty. Antonio Regidor Filipiniana Work ➢ ➢ ➢ British Museum – spent his time here Sucesos delas Islas Filipinas or Historical Events of the Philippines, published in Mexico in 1609 – seen the rare copy The best compared to other old works of Spanish friars Antonio de Morga ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Rizal is impressed the way he wrote, has many experiences in Philippines. Author of Sucesos delas Islas Filipinas, Mexico, 1609 Spanish soldier, lawyer and a high-ranking colonial official for 43 years, in the Philippines, New Spain and Peru, where he was president of the Real Audiencia for 20 years. He was also a historian. Liked his booked because it is free from bias. ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Give effort on the annotations because he wanted the Filipinos to read the book Correct the errors of some Spanish writing about the early times in PH especially in the 16th century He got his nationalism in Europe It is necessary to know the past to know our future Comments – added to the book ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Philippines is habitable and not deserted – a lot of people when Spain came in Food that “stinks and rot” is bagoong – not rotting part of the cuisine Enjoyed the presence of Filipino pre-colonial culture – we have our own culture Filipinos were demoralized, exploited and ruined by Spain The present condition of the Philippines is not necessary superior to the past ” To foretell the destiny of a nation, it is necessary to open the books that tell her past.” “The value of history. ..is that it teaches us what man has done and thus what man is.” by Robin G. Collingwood The value of history is indeed not scientific but moral: by liberalizing the mind, by deepening the sympathies, by fortifying the will, it enables us to control, not society but ourselves – a much more important thing: it prepares us to live more. – Carl Becker Worthwhile activities ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Visits to Bibliotheque Nationale – library he visited to get his notes and write his annotations Meeting with Juan Luna and Paz Pardo de Tavera in Paris Visits to Barcelona and Madrid to meet Marcelo H. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce on the fight for reforms Honorary President of Asociacion La Solidaridad headed by Galicano Apacible – association not the newspaper Contributor to La Solidaridad These quick visits are for the contributions to La Solidaridad ➢ Advices of Jose Rizal to the Filipina ➢ Filipino sayings and riddle – interest in Folklore La Solidaridad ➢ ➢ Fortnightly newspaper founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena in Barcelona before it was revived and taken over by Marcelo H. del Pilar in Madrid – every 14th day of the month there is new release. Mouthpiece for the propaganda campaign on social and political reforms Gertrude Beckett ➢ ➢ Gettie or Tottie and Pettie (called by Rizal) Help him in mixing his colors for painting and preparing the clay for sculpturing Sculptural Works ➢ ➢ They wanted the Spain to do something about the bad condition Oppose conservative rule of medievalism. Promote liberalism. Writings ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ When Rizal was doing poems and articles for La Solidaridad, Marcelo H. Del Pilar from Malolos was impressed by how the women ask for school for them What a Filipina should do Los Agricultores, 1889 as Rizal’s first publication to La Solidaridad La Vision del Fray Rodriguez under Dimasalang Letter to the Women of Malolos – popular letter of Jose Rizal Specimen of Tagal Folklore and Two Eastern Fables published in Trubner’s Record (for Asian Studies) edited by Dr. Reinhold Rost ➢ The Triumph of Science Over Death ➢ Prometheus Bound ➢ The Triumph of Death Over Life ➢ Composite Heads of the Beckett Sisters - gift Triumph of Science Over Death ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Also called Scientia Tells about the inspiration of Jose Rizal The woman symbolizes the ignorance of humankind during the Dark Ages. It is standing over skull to signify victory over death through scientific advancement. The torch symbolizes the enlightenment science brings to the world. The skull, a symbol of death. It is found at many buildings, including the Department of Health compound in Alabang and the UP College of Medicine in Ermita. ➢ Message is we can conquer death and save life through science Social Circle ➢ Prometheus Bound ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Work of Rizal An ancient Greek tragedy on how Prometheus defied Zeus by giving fire to the people. – fire is the secret of the Gods but it was shared by Prometheus The message, there are consequences for everything, good or bad. When he teaches man how to use the fire, he is giving a secret away that will forever be known by everyone. ➢ Temporary settled in a little room with Justo Trinidad, former gobernadorcillo of Sta. Ana, Manila and Jose Albert, a student from Manila Catched up with friends – Venturas, Pardo de Taveras, Lunas, Bousteads Triumph of Death Over Life ➢ ➢ ➢ A clay statute given as a gift to F. Blumentritt It is an interpretation of a lifeless woman leaning back and hugged by the right arm of the Grim Reaper Message is ignorance or failure to gain scientific knowledge could lead man to his demise. Paris and Universal Exposition 1889 ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Very busy and expensive to stay there International fairs intended to make a profit. Its central attraction was the Eiffel Tower, a 300-meter high marvel of iron by Gustave Eiffel. Over 80 other structures on the Champ de Mars housed exhibits, including the impressive 1,452-footlong Galerie des Machines by Ferdinand Dutert. The fair attracted exhibits from Europe, South America, the United States, and the French colonies. Also, it was a celebration of French achievements on the centennial of the French Revolution. Big deal to celebrate French revolution – there is a republican government Spike of the Cost of Living ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Rizal stayed with Valentin Ventura while polishing his annotated version of Sucesos delas Islas Filipinas V. Ventura was a Kapampangan reformist and financier of El Filibusterismo Rizal constantly hopped from one hotel to another for cheaper rent Many times, he debated with Rizal on how to campaign for reforms but still respectful of one’s view. He came from a family of patriots in Bacolor, Pampanga His brother, Balbino, another liberal was a student activists in 1869 together with Paciano Rizal. Their protest at UST against the friars led to the closure of the public college in Bacolor in the same year. He too was a friend to Fr. Jose Belong in the same circle of nationalists Kidlat Club ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ “Today we have formed a Kidlat Club. It means lightning, for the same reasons this club will last only during the Exposition.” Baldomero Roxas, Gregorio Aguillera, Jose Rizal, Guillermo Ouatu, and Jose Alejandrino , members of Kidlat Club and Indios Bravos Very temporary only – for universal exposition Rizal changed the name to Indios Bravos Indios Bravos and the Filipino compatriots ➢ ➢ ➢ From Kidlat Club, Rizal and others were inspired right after watching the Buffalo Bill show. They admired how the Indians carry themselves. Message is for Filipinos to be as dignified like the proud Indians. Filipinos can be proud of being Indio and regal and dignified This is for Filipinos to excel intellectually and physically through sword, pistol, and judo. – aim of the group R.D.L.M. Society ➢ Secret society ➢ Redencion delos Malayos ➢ It was established with secrecy and only M. del Pilar and Jose Ma. Basa knew about it. ➢ It was patterned after Freemasonry and members are trusted friends only. ➢ It aims to propagate knowledge on science, arts, literature and others as well as to emancipate the Malay race. Freemasonry/Cathedral Builders ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ An all-male fraternal organizations aiming to make "better men out of good men", better fathers, better husbands, better brothers and better sons. It emphasizes the strengthening of character, improving of moral and spiritual outlook and broadening of mental horizons. Intricately designed Cologne Cathedral in Germany by the masons The influence of freemasonry was huge to Filipinos Started from the Church builders – they were good thus they were sought after they the Church leaders to design their Churches ➢ ➢ ➢ Eye of God Square and compass – tools of the masons Started in London and spread in Europe Gran Oriente Español ➢ ➢ ➢ Mother Organization of Freemasonry Rizal and other Filipinos in Spain joined the Gran Oriente Español headed by Prof. Miguel de Morayta. Rizal reached the 33rd rank for his major service to the society and Masonry. International Association of Filipinologists Westminster Abbey a Masonic Cathedral and the elaborate pillar of Rosslyn Chapel ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ In Great Britain It originally started in England until it spread in Europe and the rest of the world. Built by Masons as church builders formed secret groups to demand better pay and work condition from the Catholic Church. They are deprived of the payment they are due thus they formed the society because they felt they were being exploited. The secret society will develop into something serious, questioning abuses of the Church They were the first victims of abuse Freemasonry ➢ ➢ Another elaborate hard work of the masons is the interior of the Cathedral Basilica of Saint Denis, located in the northern suburb of Paris, is a large medieval abbey church renowned for its Gothic architecture. Later in time, it developed into a socially concerned brotherhood questioning abuses and exploitation within the institution and the society. ➢ ➢ Rizal intended to put up a school for people who can afford to study. Mariano Cunanan did not fulfill its promise ➢ ➢ A young mermaid who is willing to give up her life in the sea to have a human soul. Written by Anderson The Ugly Duckling, The Princess and the Pea ➢ ➢ ➢ He wrote during his 10 months stay in London In Belgium, 1890 Busy Rizal in Brussels ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Lived at Rue Philippe Champagne, first with Jose Albert and later by Jose Alejandrino – saving money Spent time in the medical clinic, wrote about 10 articles in La Solidaridad, went to the gym, practiced fencing and target shooting He practiced frugality with Jose Alejandrino (General of Philippine Revolution) Advocate the Filipinization of its orthography though he pointed to Dr. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera as the champion of such. He published “The New Orthography of the Tagalog Language” in La Solidaridad and used the same rule in his Tagalog version of William Tell by Schiller and Fairy Tales by Andersen A little bird who was treated with abuse only to grow as a beautiful swan and the most beautiful bird. A woman whose royal identity is tested by her sensitivity The Emperor’s Cloth and The Snow Queen ➢ The promise of new and invisible suit to the emperor and the struggle between good and evil ➢ ➢ ➢ Rizal received bad news Thrown to Mindoro He had a bad dream ➢ Couldn’t find his inspiration to write due to the bad news ➢ Leaving in Brussels William Tell by Friedrich Schiller ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ The legendary Swiss Folk Hero famous for his arching skills. Through his arrow he assassinated Albrecht Gessler (duke), a tyrannical reeve of the Austrian dukes of the House of Habsburg His famous fights for liberty made him a hero and caused a rebellion leading to the Swiss Confederation. Famous for reformed life Fairy Tales by Hans Christian Andersen ➢ ➢ ➢ Fairy tales feature entities such as dwarfs, dragons, elves, fairies, giants, gnomes, goblins, griffins, mermaids, talking animals, trolls, unicorns, or witches, and usually magic or enchantments. He has a total of 3381 works that were translated to 125 languages. Loved by Rizal The Little Mermaid, The Nightingale, The Red Shoes ➢ A king who favors the tinkling of a mechanical bird to the real nightingale In Madrid, 1890-1891 ➢ He goes to Madrid to seek help from a friend Marcelo H. Del Pilar, a lawyer. ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Made Rizal felt abandoned and sad. Not leave his room for a month. Her mom collected the letters of Rizal so Leonor will not read it. Both thought that they had stopped writings Wanted to help the family who were thrown in Bohol, Mindoro Girls were forced to go to their grant parents house in Troso, Binondo ➢ ➢ In Madrid, huge misunderstanding caused Rizal to resign. Rizal will consider to go home in PH since no allowance. Left Madrid. Del Pilar will try to win Rizal and Ponce. But Rizal do not want to join anymore. In Biarritz, 1891 ➢ ➢ ➢ It has been a popular holiday destination on the south-west coast of France since European royalty discovered its long sandy beaches in the 1800s. Stayed in a month First Biographer of Jose Rizal – Life and Writings of Rizal ➢ Relationship will not develop. Antonio Luna like Nellie too and might cause fight between them. Rizal considered proposal to Nellie because Nellie wanted Rizal. To Paris and back to Brussels, 1891 ➢ Intends to publish El Fili before leaving Europe ➢ Valentin Ventura – funded his book ➢ Planning to go to Hongkong, because it is not still safe to go back to PH according to his friends an family.
