MORA L
RYAN JAVIER CUMBE
ETHICS INSTRUCTOR
DILEMMA?????
it is a situation where a person
is forced to choose between two
or more conflicting options,
neither of which is acceptable.
When dilemmas involve
human actions which
have
moral
implications, they are
called ethical or moral
dilemmas.
Moral dilemmas
■are situations where persons, who
are called “moral agent s” in ethics,
are forced to choose between two
or more conflicting options, neither
of which resolves the situation in a
morally acceptable manner.
Moral dilemmas
■are situations where persons, who
are called “moral agent s” in ethics,
are forced to choose between two
or more conflicting options, neither
of which resolves the situation in a
morally acceptable manner.
In moral dilemmas, the moral agent “seems
fated to commit something wrong, which implies
that he/she bound to morally fail because in one
way or another he/she will fail to do something
which
he/she
ought
to
do.
In other words, by choosing one of the
possible moral requirements, the person also fails
on
others.”
- BenjiemenLabastin
CONDITIONS TO BE CALLED A
MORAL DILEMMA
a)The person or the agent of a
moral action is obliged to
make decision about which
course of action is best;
CONDITIONS TO BE CALLED A
MORAL DILEMMA
b) There must be different
courses of action to
choose from;
CONDITIONS TO BE CALLED A
MORAL DILEMMA
c) no matter which course of action
the moral agent chooses, there is
always that moral principle that is
compromised.
1ST LEVEL
INDIVIDUAL
a person, or an individual, has two or
more moral values to consider, he or she
can choose one only, and choosing one or
the other will not solve the problem in a
moral way
LEVELS OF
MORAL DILEMMA
2ND LEVEL
ORGANIZATIONAL
can take many forms and
these are the moral problems
in the workplace
LEVELS OF
MORAL DILEMMA
3RD LEVEL
STRUCTURAL
refer to moral predicaments in
public administration
LEVELS OF
MORAL DILEMMA
EPISTEMICMORAL DILEMMAS
 Therearetwoormorerequirementsthatconflictwitheachother;
 Themoralagenthardly knowswhichonetakesprecedenceovertheother
TYPES OF
MORAL DILEMMA
ONTOLOGICAL MORAL DILEMMAS
 Therearetwoor morerequirementsthatconflictwitheachother, yet
neitheroftheseconflictingmoralrequirementsoverrideseachother.
TYPES OF
MORAL DILEMMA
SELF-IMPOSED
MORAL DILEMMA
 Causedbythemoralagent’swrongdoings
TYPES OF
MORAL DILEMMA
WORLD-IMPOSED
MORAL DILEMMA
 Certain eventsin theworldplacethemoralagentin asituationof
moralconflict
- WilliamStyron
TYPES OF
MORAL DILEMMA
OBLIGATION DILEMMAS
 Morethanonefeasible actionis obligatory
PROHIBITIONDILEMMAS
 All feasible actionsareforbidden
TYPES OF
MORAL DILEMMA
SINGLE AGENT DILEMMA
The agent “ought, all things considered, to do X, ought, all
things considered,todoY, andhecannotdoboth X andY.
TYPES OF
MORAL DILEMMA
MULTI-PERSONDILEMMA
Oneagent,R1, oughttodoX, asecondagent,R2, oughttodoY, andthougheachagentcan
dothatheoughttodo,it is notpossiblebothforR1todoX andR2todoY.
Themulti-persondilemmarequiresmorethanchoosingwhatis right; it is alsoentailsthat
thepersonsinvolvedreachedageneralconsensus.
TYPES OF
MORAL DILEMMA
STAGES OF MORAL
DEVELOPMENT
- Kohlberg’s
STAGES OF MORAL
DEVELOPMENT
- Kohlberg’s
STAGES OF MORAL
DEVELOPMENT
- Kohlberg’s