Chapter
Role
1.
Personality.Whatis
being
a
men
person,
characteristics isqualities that form
a
character
def.
Psycological
ignoredethnic
internal external aspects of
genetic and
gender
individualism
influence behavior
in
different
Questions
to
different
situations
people
Assesment
usedfor
real
selves
on
social
Priciples
oneself
diagnosis, education, conseling B
social mediainfluence
use of
or
change
the
use
of
social media
differ
with
includes how
that it
others
see aperson
awide amore
audience
instantlyreachable
clinical
is
personality
thought
which
an
intended to
B
assessment
measure.
methods
inventories
tests
interview
behavioral
reflects
a
test administration
online
projective
on line
social media has
to
self reports
PersonalityB Social media
·personality
measures
Assesment
different personalities?
responce to
of
psycological
assessment device
validity extent
personality?
research
measurement
of
-
assesment
experience sample
-
aggressively be conspicuous
personality
Reliability consistency
media?
Does the
influence
personalitystudy
in
Evaluation of
interaction
do people presenttheir
thatpersonalityis formedby
vs collectivism
promote
tendency to
personalitysocial media
on
shows
impacts:child rearing practices,self enhancement
situations
complex
is
change according
Shapes I
influence
psycologyresearch
enviornmental
a
persons character
they
cross cultural
·conclusion
uniques relativelyenduring
Does
heritage
european american
Culture
sum total of
mental, physical, emotional B social
ones
of
persons distinctive
character
·Humans
B culture
personality theorists traditionallyconsistedofwhite
of
Description
gender
races
gender
itw hywe shouldcare?
Personality
·state
ofrace
device
Behavioral
Self-reportinventories
about their
·subjects answer questions
Objective
measure
-
test
assessment
pro
not
suitedfor ppl who posses
limited reading skills
provides
assessment
provide sociallydesireable
answers
evaluates
observer
Dissadvantages
objective scoring
Online
feelings
MinnesotaMultiphasic PersonalityInventory
advantages
Quick
behavior I
Assessment
ProS
occurs
persons behavior
in
during
interview.
valuable
Gender
assessment
issues in
assessment
Assessment
Objective scoring
Therapists may
v younger employees
Ethic
atquestions B
answers
changing
Projective
looking ahead
- bI6ASONL
inkblot
technique
19
apperception
(Herman Rorschach)
ambiguous
test:photos. With ablank card
wordassociation B sentence completion
Interpretation
·reliability
is
past
present
are
low
Relevant questions about:
seething help
detail
Hispanics
less likely
to
seek
psychological
treatment
from
their
family
Translation of
personalitytests
3
colloquial expressions
problems arising from
-
cross-culture
application
detailedhistory
of
an
data from varius sources
(therapy)
exploredin
tests usedare biased
individual
cons
areas can be
women
assessment
in
case studies
life experiences
pros
problem
against
Americans
personality
slong
Social familyrelationships
reasons for
bias
exhibit
disorders
physician
subjective
validityofthe tests
asking
for emotional
seek mental health advice
prefer to
Clinicalinterview
involves
gender
Asians
African
techniques.
thematic
differential rates
indicate
less likely to
seek help for emotional problems
tests
Morschach
issues
influencedbygender
is
measures
ofdiagnosis basedon
testtakers from
situation
less systematic
insight
less time consuming Bless $S
prevent
clinical
given
a
Con
personality
administration
a
subjective
·consists of
theorists to
generalize
advantage
personality
patients
-
in
lives
their
depth
are
used
by
findings
view
of
ones
their
experimental method
involves
·an
determining effects
of
experimental situation
variables or
is
arranged
events
on
behavior
by psychologists
·conscious
preconscious
unconscious
Death
Chapter 2
sigmund Freed
unconscious drive toward
1896 1434
I
strict
was
was
aspects alliedwl
loving B protective
of
selfconfidence 3 intense
attempting
neurologist
aclinical
alertedfreedto
the possible
sexual
occasionally
conflicts:
sexual
basis of nurosis
severe
his
marriage
neurotic
the
id
drive
operates
in
personality
of the
accordance
we
reality principle
constraints
on the
expression
of id instincts
·secondary thought process:mature thought process to deal
his dreams
rationally
drive
·internal stimulithat
person to
action
form ofenergythatconnects needs $
wishes
a
we
the
world
external
Super ego:moral perfection
moval aspectof personality
components:
approach
pple are motivated
pleasure
thought:childlike thinking by
provides appropriate
Instincts
·Homeostatic
B
to
satisfyinstinctural
rational master
episocke
psychoanalytic practice
studied
pleasure principle
790
possessed anegative attitude toward
impotent during
experienceda
accordance w/ the
primaryprocess
cocaine
·studiedwith Charcot->niphosis
personal
conquer B ill
the instincts
functions to avoidpain
d) explored benefits of
sex
operatesi n
to
succeed
·worked as
aggression
ID:
possessed ahigh degree
ambition
destroy
to
B
Structure
Earlyyears
b) mother
decay, destruction
drive:compulsion
·Aggressive
-
alfather
instincts
to restore maintain
conscience: contains
physiological
has been
equilibrium
Life instincts
moral
or
ideal
behaviors for
which a person shouldstrive
Anxiety
oriented to survival
Libido:drives to
pleasureable
which the child
punished
200-deal:contains
TYPES:
behaviors for
behavior i
Cathexis:investmento f psychic
thoughts.
energyin aobjector person
Conflicts threaten the
realityanxiety:
fear
tangible dangers
of
290:
&necrotic
anxiety
conflicts turn id
Moral anxiety:btwn id Bsuperego
Bego
Purpose
of
·Signals
oral
anxiety
a
problem
·plevts
that the ego
pp)
Induces tension
·becomes
a
personality
w/
in
drive
the
is
person
latency
is
motivated to
satisfy
i
period
S-pubert
of sublimation
s ex
of
sexrole
instinct
identify
phallic stage
boys
in
of dailylife
oecipus complex:unconscious desire by mother
·
characteristics
·desire to replace
denails
training
-
ego stratiges to defends againstanxiety provokedbyconflicts
involve
primary
Genitaladolescence adulthooddevelopment of
Defense mechanisms
a)
is
incentros fantasies anxiety, oeclipus complex
phallic 11.5
person
the
toilet
1-3
anal
being threatened
mouth
birth-l
or
distortions of reality
or
destroythe father
castration anxiety:fear thathis penis will be cut off
b) operate unconsciously
·resolve the complexby
In
identifying
by father
all the father
girls
father
Electra complex:unconscious desire for the
desire to
replace the mother
Penis
envy: Envy of
the male
by
penis possession B
of
sense of
1859
Friedcil
Human
nature
·view was deterministic
·ultimate
psyhosexual stages
personality develops
a)
gratification
corresponding
·
areas
each stage
is
in
of id
of
the
depends
to
which all children
pass
the simulation of
on
move
erogenous
to next
zone
·portion of
a)
libido remains
caused do to
investedin one of
excessive
frustration
the
or
stages
gratification
reduce
to
universality
in
in
tension
nature
human
create
can
free will
Frreds
theory.
Free association
mind
whatever comes to
Catharsis expression
FixAON
life
contendedthat psychoanalysis
saying
stage.
in
personalityis determinedby early childhoodinteractions
Assessments
bod
defined by the
mostresolve conflict
·recognized
stages through
instincts
goal
of emotion expectedto
reduce
symptoms
problems
a) resistances:block or refusal
memories
painful
of
Dream AndSis
Dreams show repressed desires, fears, B conflicts
·
Types
·manifestcontext actual dream event
latent
content-hidden symbolic meaning
Research
used the case study method
Scientific
reaserch is alone
w/ subliminal perception
subliminal perception
perception
below the threshold
of conscious
awareness
some concepts
difficult
are
to measure
concepts:
influence of the unconscious
·displacement, repression,
dreams
as areflection
Fredign
detail B projection
of emotion concerns
slip
unconscious
slip.
Reflections
psychoanalysis has had
impacton:
an
al psychological theories practices
b) images of
2)
all
understanding
the
Criticisms
-
·
·
of
emphasis
human nature
personality
emerging stock
of motivation
psychoanalysis
on
biology, determinism,
lack of
healthy positive human
ambiguous definitions
of
B sex
qualities
Fredian
concepts
Questions
whogasfavorites
abnorma
wasyourneed
who
Aspects
Chapter 3
Carl
Jung:Analytic psychology
of personality
attitudes
ego
psychological functions.psycological types
personal
unconscious
↓
Freaud
designated Jung
as
shapednotonly
are
inherited
human
experience of
their
by
by their
but
past
Consious aspect of psyche
future.
Attitudes
Dissaggreedwith
freed
role of sexuality, forces
that influence
of
Jung
world $
(1879 1961)
-
powerful emotionally
as
introversion
3
Others
Ways of perceiving
non rational
introverted, lonely, Bisolated
in his
studied medicine psychatry,
believedmiddle ages
became
adiciple
personal unconscious:
mostimportant
is
similar
relationship after dissagreement
over
engaged
Psychic
came
in
organized
through self
bizzare
collective
for
form
of
Opposition principle:conflict
S
-
·
psychic energy
personality:based
betwn
on
what he
opposing
learnedi n
Archetypes:
physics
required to generate
Entropy
principle: continuous
·expanded
material that was once
conscious
preconscious
in
the
personal
unconscious
aroundacommon theme
or
unconscious
of
unconscious:deepestlevel
the
accumulation
images of
universal
of
the
psyche
inherited
experiences
in
experiences human
the
collective
pre-homan
species
unconscious
no explanation for shared theme
Archetypes
psycic energy
Equivalance
to freed
for
unconscious
contains
processes
resivoir
concious
be
the collective
energy
ps.yche:term
&
may
unconscious
behavior
Libido:broad B generalized
&
analysis of
COMplXeS
complexes: pattern of emotion, memories, perceptions I wishes
Had neurotic episode
·
feeling
onconscious B
Fried
of
severedthe
Personal
started own
practice
world
external internal
thinking
$fantisies
visions
thoughts
rational
sensing
dreams,
own
feelings
apersons
intuition
found solace
ones
functions
psynological
unstable
towards
orientation
Oriention toward external
personality Bunconscious
awareness
admitted into
psyche
the
of
is
extravesion
reguarding:
·viewedfather as kind, weak is powerless
·Mother
aboutw hat
selective
pre human species
B
Theory
Life
archetypes
Eg0
redefinedlipits
people
the collective unconscious
complexes
"fire"
his
or
weakened
redistribution
energy
is
energy
transferred elsewhere
principle:Tendency towardbalance
or
equipaium
Shadow
persona archetype
of
in
the
personality
public
face to present them
self
self archetype:unity, interegation, i
archetype:contains
primitive animal
harmony
of the total
instincts
personality
opposite
sex
animus
characteristics:all
humans
archetype: masuline aspectof
archetype: femine
Omima
the female
of the
aspect
Reflection
bisexual
are
wordassociation
psyche
Developmental stages
childhood:
ego
the childdistinguishes
when
developmentbegins
turn self $
to young adulthood:adolescents
reality the focus is
->
Middle
crisis
external,
on
conscious is dominants.
family the
the
unconscious
personalityshifs from
w/
the
concious
all consciousunconscious facets of
animal animus accept the dark sick
personality
dethrone the persona
·comfortt he unconscious
Questions
as
deterministic
human nature
is
free
mixedposition
will
past present focus
nature nature
as
uniqueness fade over
influences
throughoutlife
time. Growth
·optimism
Assmenttechniques
workassociation textsymptom
projective technique
similar
person responts to
stimulus wordwith
verbal
to
analysis
Catharsis
reporto f
symptoms
interpretation of free
any
associations
come to mind
word that
uncovers complexes
Myers-Briggs
dream analysis
interpretation
to
intblot test
Blie detection
techniques
uncover
dreams
of
content
heldthatdreams
prospective
B
analyize
are
compensatory
·usedamplification
dreams
to
first
to emphasize the
Midlifcrisis
basedon
tongs
Type indicator
(MBT)
psynological types
·popular
self reportinventory
·using
for hiring B
promotion
$Attitudes
is
role
supported by
of
future
in
determining behavior
considerable research
Criticisms
·concepts
writings
fufillment
individuation: integration of
acceptthe
growing demands of
to the
when we focus of the
intoattemptt obalance
In dividuation:How to reach
tranced
must
adapt
educationcareer, $
age:aperiodoftransition
external to
internal
·
of Forscharch
influencedfuture theorist
poherty
timethe
became a standardprojective
technique
inspiredthe development
others
of
Jungs theory
Contribution
psyche
male
on
were
were
embracement
difficultt o
inconsistent
of the
understand
Blackedsystematization
supernatural
Chapter 4
superiority complex
AlfredAdler individualpsychology
Big
e ach
of
Develops
person
ideas
universal
we have
striving
goals
is
Birth order personality
urge
Life
childhood-markedby
illness, awareness of death, 3
inferiority chids
feelings
had
were
of
compensated for
through
weakness
intense
healthier than
jealousy
older brother
of his
studiedmedicine
private practice
went
as an
into
Relationship
critical of
freeds theory
ophthomologist
but
shiftedto
gen.med.
society. I foundedconsoling
clinics for
Begins &
due to
higher
development
striving
is
by
of
our for the B
about
more
goals.
3
Trying to
power of
Bin agroup
pattern of behavior
unique for
different.B
self;ability to create
Yor51s
every person
an
lise
appropriate style of
who we are,
we create
personality icharacteristic
oflife (cont
useful:cooperative
to
the mother either
on
inferiority complex
compensate for normal inferiority
to
cope
poor self-opinions, feel helpless, Ifindit difficult to
develop
or
ppl
other
hinders social
feelings
us
life
demos
Birth
sibling births
style
shapes
unable
cooperate wh
achieve
to
goals
interest
Birth order
adults
sequence of
is
reduce
stension:strivingasreally
social interactions
innate
potential
complex
-
impulses
-
being
Socialinterest
inferiority
infancy
characteristics
goals
life
expression
socially
levels of
develops when aperson
fictional
Getting:Dependent(mostcommon
striving
codependency
potential
Avoiding:ignores problems (coids failure)
comensation motivation to overcome
strive for
person
Dominant:attacking
nicks
feelings
of human
each
of
towardacomplete state
or
style
normal condition of ppl
source
or
crystalized by
interpersonal conflicts
Inferiority
behavior
unique character structure
creative
society for individual
others
oriented
finalism:imaginedor
influenced
ideas
denigrate
neurology
switchedto
Usych
to fired
Discussed
to
completion thatm otivates
which future
goal,
of
tend
superiority
goals grid
Style
persistance
↑)
boastful, self centered, I
less ab drives
him
inferiority feelings
overcompensates for normal
or
towardperfection
Fictional
-
-
for
innate
1870 1957
first
when
a person
characteristics
inferority complex
on
benied
onigeness
l ife
of
situations
order
first. Born child
youngest
is
-
second-born
only child
a
major
social
influence
First. Born
Assessment
attention
·Focus of
·Followedby dethronementbattle to
Early
regain supremacy
characteristics
organized,
insecure hostile when secondis born
involves
-
second-Born
uses the earliest memories, real Bfatasized
feelings reguarding
interpretation
as
Research
pacesetter
competition spurs language motor
development
·optimistic,
turn to be an
people
underachiever
about the
First-BOrd
fast pace to surpass
tendto score low
Birth
on
empathy
on
depression, anxiety Bhostility
order
Tendto
b einfencedby
·high achievers
·may become dependent
B
helpless,
if
pampered
low
depression Banxiety
-
high self-esteem
Tendto
focus of attention
time we
high intelligence
reflections
on
Adlers
characteristics
gave
a
free will emphasis
is
not the center of attention
Critisms
uniqueness humans
nurture focus
is
on
createde
use
past
5
views on
ego
women
in
multiple
areas
of
psychology
psychologists
believedin women
equality
Cont
nature
on
theory
leadto
Neo. Freudian
Disputed Freed's
early
about human
industrious
contributionsinfluencedtheorist
adults
disppointment follows, when
older siblings take risks
Only born
Only child
influence
low self esteem. lach
second-borns
Characteristics
Questions
life
pampered children
Tend to be:intelligent hard working
other
matures
of
happy agreeable prestigious occupations.
become
·develops
more
his/her style
person
influences
high
who score
Research
primary
Innowledge
children
pet of the
family
·
problem
acurrent
social interest
child
at
a
life
Develop:depression B anxietyTendto:have
competitive, 3) Ambitious
·may
requires
social
on
neglected
characteristics
youngest
recollections
Dream analysis
authoritarian B conscientious
sibling
theory
helps reveal the primary interest of
mature
views older
Adlers
in
technique
intellectually
spends
strive for perfection
tries to
·homanity
oversimplifiedin consistentBunsystematic
childhood experiences to
Disagreement
present optimistic
lack of
on
Adlers position
public recognition
on
due to
gaps B
determinism Bfree will
s
on answered