STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF SELECTED ABM STUDENTS
ON ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES
___________________________________________________________
A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of the
Senior High School Department
University of Cebu – Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue Campus
Mandaue City, Philippines
____________________
In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for
Practical Research 1
by:
Adolfo, Mhigyran
Canamucan, Jheanemae
Coliflores, Chelsie P.
Gerra, Jezreel
Soriso, Curt Justine J.
AB11A3
Adviser:
Ms. Marites Caspe
March 2023
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
Rationale of the Study
Strategic management practices are critical for achieving success in any given
activity, including academic pursuits. In today’s highly competitive academic
environment, students need to adopt effective strategic management practices to achieve
their academic goals. Strategic plans help schools identify important tactics that are
necessary for their existence. Academic activities include studying, attending classes,
completing assignments, taking exams, and participating in extracurricular activities.
Effective strategic management practices can help students prioritize their academic
activities, manage their time more efficiently, and achieve better academic performance.
Strategic management provides overall direction to firms and involves specifying
the organization’s objectives, developing policies and plans to achieve those objectives
and then firms must be able to effectively allocate resources to implement the plans
(Rothaermel, 2018). It is an essential concept that plays a vital role in achieving success
in various fields, including academia. Strategic management practices have gained
increasing attention in recent years, with organizations realizing the importance of
developing and implementing effective strategies to achieve their goals. The integration
of global perspectives into strategic management education can help students to better
understand the globalization on business and the importance of strategic thinking in
navigation this environment (Hitt et al., 2020). As such, understanding the strategic
management practices in academic activities is crucial to enhancing their academic
performance and career development.
Research shows that strategic management practices can improve academic
performance. In a study titled “Strategic Management Practices and Their Influence on
Students’ Academic Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Kathiani Sub-County,
Kenya” by Mulinge et al. (2021), it was found that there is a positive relationship
between vision setting and students’ academic performance in public secondary schools
in Kathiani Sub-County, Kenya. Strategic planning positively influenced students’
academic achievement. Similarly, according to Zhang (2018, as cited by Jiaqi, 2022), the
primary purpose of strategic planning is to help universities adapt to the changing social
environment, at the same time formulate feasible plans for the future of universities, and
adjust the plans according to the changing situation. It helps students maximize their
performance and achieve their academic goals. In a study titled “Strategic Management
Practices and Performance of the SME’s in Bangladesh” by Ali and Qun (2019), it was
found that adaptation of strategic management practices influence the organization’s
performance.
In the study titled “Strategic Management Practices of Selected State Universities
and Colleges in Samar Island, Philippines” conducted by Tafalla (2022), it was stated that
strategic management practices is of most significant value in providing start-up activities
and allows these universities to chart their courses and focus on its future. In this section,
the authors found that students who used strategic planning and time management
practices had better academic performance than those who did not. Thus, strategic
management practices can help students effectively achieve academic success.
The study will take place in University of Cebu Lapu-lapu and Mandaue Campus.
The University of Cebu Lapu-lapu Campus is a significant setting because, recently, more
events have happened with different culminations. Different strategic management
practices have been used by students and teachers to accomplish the events successfully.
According to a research article by Bakar et al. (2011, as cited in Gure & Karugo,
2018), strategic management is a concept that concerns making decisions and taking
corrective actions to achieve long-term targets and goals of an organization. Strategic
management practices are the direct organizational application of the concepts of
business strategy that have been developed in the academic realm to maximize the
utilization of resources in relation to objectives (Dennis et al., 2019). As stated by
Schermerhorn (2006), strategic management is the process of formulating and
implementing strategies to accomplish long-term goals and sustain competitive advantage.
According to the Law Insider dictionary, academic activity means any assigned work or
project used to determine academic credit, including an examination, writing project,
take-home test, or other project.
The concept of strategic management is widely used in the business context to
achieve organizational goals. According to the recent survey of universities by Jiaqi
(2022), although the strategic management of universities is important, it is still a corner
that is forgotten by school management, especially in local universities. Little attention
has been paid to the application of strategic management practices by students in their
academic activities. As students navigate their academic journey, they face various
challenges such as time management, workloads, and prioritization.
The aim of this study is to identify strategies used by selected ABM students on
their academic activities in University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue in the second
semester of the School Year 2022-2023 and how these practices help them accomplish
effectively with no hindrance. Studying the strategies used by selected ABM students on
their Academic activities can provide efficient strategies that can help students succeed
academically. In order to address the research aim, it seeks to identify the specific
questions: What are the strategic management practices used on academic activities in
terms of: debate, examinations, quiz bowls, and Academic clubs; How will strategic
management practices help the academic activities of the students and What proposal can
be done based on the findings.
The result of the study will be the basis for students to determine which strategies
to use when achieving a particular skill, and so they can find more strategies to cope in
performing their academic activities. Moreover, the results of this study will also serve as
a basis for teachers, as it provides awareness of the strategies students use in order to
perform well in their academic activities. Furthermore, it will be beneficial to the
researchers as it expands their knowledge and understanding in this particular field.
Lastly, this study will be the basis for the future researchers to gain knowledge, use it as a
reference for future studies, and present different outcomes in accordance with the
findings.
Atheoretical Stance
In the light of conducting a qualitative study, there is a temporary suspension of a
priori assumptions. As a consequence of preventing subjectivities, the study will also
involve a suspension of literature review. However, in the course of conducting data
analysis and interpretation, the related theories and literature shall be extensively used.
Lastly, the identification of the theory will be done after data collection and analysis.
Philosophical Stance
The philosophy behind this study is anchored on Pragmatism. Pragmatism as a
research paradigm finds its philosophical foundation in the historical contributions of the
philosophy of pragmatism (Maxcy, 2003) and, as such, embraces plurality of methods.
Pragmatism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the practical consequences of
ideas and actions. It focuses on the usefulness and effectiveness of a concept or practice,
rather than on its theoretical or abstract qualities.
As this study looks at the strategic management practices of selected ABM
students on academic activities, one philosophical assumption of pragmatism is
ontological in nature －that is, reality is constantly renegotiated, debated, and interpreted
in light of its usefulness in new unpredictable situations.
In the process of conducting this research, the researchers intend to collect the
strategic management practices that students used in their academic activities to identify
the effective approaches to academic management that other students can adopt. Hence,
the philosophical assumption being derived is epistemological.
Another equally imperative aspect of this study is axiological in nature, which
delves into the role of values for both the researchers and the key informants of the study.
This assumption can help us understand how students approach strategic management in
their academic activities and the values that underlie these practices. Consequently,
selected ABM students of the Senior High School department are made to gain insights
into why and how they make decisions about their academic activities.
The language employed in this study is also extremely important because the
researchers and key informants come from a variety of backgrounds and have a range of
personalities and life experiences, particularly in terms of their level of education and
exposure to different languages. The researchers write in a descriptive style and employ
an engaging narrative style. As such, this idea takes on the rhetorical philosophical
assumption.
Finally, in terms of methodological assumptions, as this study primarily identifies
the strategic management practices used by the students in their academic activities, the
researchers narrow down the data from the general to the very specific in order to tailorfit the data to the objectives of this study. Consequently, because the raw and contextual
data are summarized into a condensed form, the a priori principle is being employed,
which ultimately derives an emergent theory from evidence.
THE PROBLEM
Domain of Inquiry
This research identifies the strategic management practices used on academic
activities among selected ABM students in University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue
Campus in the Second Semester of the School Year 2022-2023, as basis for any proposal.
In order to address the research aim, it seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What are the strategic management practices used on academic activities terms
of:
1.1 debate;
1.2 examinations; and
1.3 quiz bowls.
2. How will strategic management practices help the academic activities of the
students?
3. Based on the findings, what proposal can be done?
Significance of the Study
This study focuses on identifying the strategic management practices used on
academic activities among the selected ABM students. The outcome of the study will be
beneficial for the following:
Students. This study will help them view which strategy to use when achieving a
particular skill, and so they can find more strategies to cope in performing their academic
activities.
Teachers. The results of the study provide awareness to the teachers about the
strategies students use in order to perform well in their academic activities.
Researchers. This study will be beneficial to the researchers in terms of
expanding our knowledge and understanding in this field.
Future Researchers. The findings of this study will help future researchers gain
knowledge, serve as a reference for future studies and present different outcomes in
accordance with the findings of this research.
Scope and Delimitation
The general intent of this study is to identify the strategic management practices
of selected ABM students on academic activities. The scope in this study pertains to the
strategic management practices and the academic activities of the students in University
of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue Campus.
The respondents will be the Grade 12 ABM students that are enrolled in the
second semester of the School Year 2022-2023. Furthermore, the study delimits itself to
seek information from the selected students on their academic activities in terms of
debates, examinations, and quiz bowls.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This study study utilizes the Phenomenological research design in determining
the strategic management practices used by the selected ABM students in their
Academic activities. The purpose of the phenomenological approach is to specify and
identify a phenomenon through how they are perceived by the individuals in a situation.
According to Sokolowski (2000), Phenomenology is the study of human
experience and of the ways things present themselves to us in and through such
experience. Phenomenology is the study of structures of consciousness as experiences
from the first-person point of view (Smith, 2008). The researchers adapt the
Phenomenological since the data that the researchers are going to gather focuses on the
description of the personal strategies students use in order to succeed academically.
Research Environment
This study is to be conducted in University of Cebu Lapu-lapu and Mandaue
Campus. It’s located in Mandaue, Metro Cebu, on A.C. Cortes Avenue. The University
of Cebu Lapu-lapu Campus has with over 58,000 students ranging from pre-school to
post-graduate students on 5 campuses. This study is to be carried out by the senior high
school students, in which respondents are gathered in the Annex 2 Building, under the
supervision of Ms. Marites Caspe. It is a significant setting because, recently, more
events have happened with different culminations. Different strategic management
practices have been used by students and teachers to accomplish the events successfully.
Key Informants
This study will gather the data from the selected senior high school students.
The respondents will be the Grade 12 Students that are enrolled in the second semester
of the School Year 2022-2023. Our accessible population in this study will be the 250
Grade 12 ABM students. From the Grade 12 ABM students, we will gather our 50
samples from the AM scheduled sections. Since the Grade 12 ABM has 4 sections (AM
scheduled), we will select 13 respondents each section using the Purposive sampling
method. The Purposive sampling method is to be used in this study because our target
respondents are the top achievers since they are students who mostly use effective
strategies to succeed academically.
Research Instrument
The researchers utilize a standardized-based questionnaire. The chosen data
collection instrument is in accordance with the nature of the research problem, which is
to determine the different strategic management practices used by the selected ABM
students on their Academic activities. The questionnaire prepared and to be use in this
study has 2 parts. The first part of the questionnaire prepared and to be use in this study
consists of close-ended questions which is multiple choice. The second part is the openended questions which will help the researchers to determine the strategies used by the
selected ABM students on their Academic activities. These distributed questionnaires
for the Grade 12 ABM students are to be honestly and carefully answered conducive to
collecting and gathering data, in accordance with the nature of the research problem.
Dry Run Procedures
A dry run is a test or rehearsal for public presentation or procedure. This is to be
conducted to determine the dependability of the researchers’ standardized-based
questionnaire to achieve the main objective of the study and to be used in gathering data.
Then, the respondents of the dry run will be the top achievers of the ABM sections (AM
schedule) in Grade 11. The dry run respondents won’t be incorporated as the final
research participants to avoid familiarity of the tool and biases. Permission is to be
asked from the sample participants and will also be educated on how to respond to the
given questionnaires. Students will be highly encourage to think critically in answering
each item.
Research Procedures
Gathering of Data.
A letter of request to conduct the study will be prepared. The researchers will
construct a survey questionnaire, validated by the subject teacher then the survey
questionnaire are distributed. The researcher conducts the study in University of Cebu
Lapu-lapu and Mandaue Campus through survey, because of the advantages of the
survey method. This is the procedure of collecting data from the respondents:
1. Make a letter of consent to be approves by the Principal to grants us
permission to conduct research on selected ABM students of University of Cebu
through printed questionnaire.
2. After it is approves, the researchers will create a letter of consent, which will be
approved by Ms. Marites Caspe, to present to the respondents prior to doing
research on them and providing them with the printed questionnaire to be
responded. To secure their willingness to take part in our research.
3. Giving the students the letter of consent prior to giving them the printed
questionnaire, to ensure privacy of information and their willingness to
participate.
4. The researchers will choose the 13 top achievers each section. The purposive
sampling method is to be used in this study.
5. Starting on -----, the researchers will be distributing the printed questionnaires to
the selected 50 Grade 12 ABM students of University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and
Mandaue during their vacant time. They will be informed ahead of time about
the schedule of the survey.
6. In the given time frame, we hope to successfully gather needed data from the
respondents.
After the informants answered the questionnaire, the researchers will collect and
tally the data for interpretation. The researchers will asks a statistician’s help in
determining the appropriate statistical tools to be used and interpreting the data. Based
on the data that will be gather, the researchers will come up with conclusion and
recommendations for this study.
Treatment of Data.
The Statistical treatment of data is essential to make a use of the data in the right
form. Sample Size / Sample Variance will be adopted in the analysis of the data for this
research. The sample size of a survey most typically refers to the number of units that
were chosen from which data were gathered. The sample variance is the square of the
sample standard deviation and is represented by: (Using Calmorin's Formula).
Ethical Considerations
The key informants are free to take part in the study without being forced or
coerced, and they also have the option of not doing so. They will be ensured that their
responses are treated as confidential and used exclusively for academic purposes in the
making of this research and will be fully informed regarding the aims, purpose,
advantages, and potential hazards of the study. The researcher will take care to keep the
participants at ease while carrying out this study.
Trustworthiness of the Research