AUTHOR – ORIENTED
CITATION
Author – Oriented Citation
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Author oriented citation is a in text citation style where the name of the
author is given great regard/significance. In this case, the author name
serves as subject of the sentence, then succeeded by date and citation
number.
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An author oriented citation starts with the surname of the author,
followed by the year of publication in parenthesis. Verbs of statement
such as argues, posits, and emphasizes at the start of paragraph or
sentence may be used.
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Examples:
• Pulido (2012) believes that language in an online environment can be
understood if other modes of online communication are further
analyzed to provide a full account of interaction in virtual worlds.
• Devlin (1999) explains the benefits of combining the social sciences and
mathematics to chart human behavior.
• Inman and George (2004) argue that awareness of political issues
enters the worldview of children at a very young age.
• Ann Gill (2001) has argued, "Education reform is the best solution for
fixing our public schools"
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Direct Quotations
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- Using direct quotation is employed for
statements that are so closely associated
that altering the words may lose its
rhetorical impact.
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Some points to consider for employing direct quotations;
1. Using direct quotations means to lift text and enclose them in quotation marks.
In addition to the author’s name, the page numbers are included.
Example:
“Globalization is just a covert term for colonization” (Reyes, 1994, p.2).
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2. If the text is too long you may omit certain parts and replace them with an
ellipses (three dots). If the word omitted are at the end of the statement,
another dot is added, making it four.
Example:
“Smartphones resulted from global innovations in technology… and
therefore, consumers need to be updated on the latest trends if they want to
maximize opportunities offered by these gadgets to make daily activities more
convenient” (De Claro, 2010, p.7).
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3. Interpolation may be done to insert notes within the directly
quoted passage to help readers understand the context of the
statement. Interpolation is marked by open and closed brackets.
Example:
“De Quiros, Zabala, Uy, and Lee believe that the education
sector should address the material conditions of schools to
improve teaching and learning .” (Danao, 2011, p. 7).
“[Educators] believe that the education sector should
address the material conditions of schools to improve teaching
and learning .” (Danao, 2011, p. 7).
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4. Using too many direct quotations does not reveal your identity
as an author. Specifically, it is important that you develop your
own voice and style of writing in expressing ideas. Using other’s
statement help in arguments but does not show your originality
and strength in making claims. Therefore as a rule of thumb,
twenty percent of the total length of the work may employ
direct quotations.
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