Job satisfaction and Organizational
commitment: Evidence from pharmaceutical
sector of Pakistan
The purpose of this study is to determine whether
feelings of job satisfaction would lead to
organizational commitment in the pharmaceutical
sector of Pakistan.
Hypothesis:
Job satisfaction positively affects organizational
commitment. OR
Job satisfaction has a positive relationship with
organizational commitment.
Job Satisfaction:
Job satisfaction can be defined as an individual’s
total feeling about their job and the attitudes they
have towards various aspects of their job, as well
as an attitude and perception that could
consequently influence the degree of fit between
the individual and the organization (Spector
1997).
Factors:
1) Pay
2) Promotion
3) Supervision
4) Fringe benefits
5) Contingent rewards
6) Operating procedures
7) Co-workers
8) Nature of the work
9) Communication
Organizational commitment:
Organizational commitment is a physiological
situation binding the employee to his organization
(Meyer and Allen, 1991).
1) Kanter’s approach
a) Mandatory involvement (due to his
investment)
b) Close relationship commitment (social
relations)
c) Audit commitment (Behaviors according to
the organization’s norms)
2) Etzioni’s approach
a) Negative (Even if the employee does not
feel commitment to the organization, he is
enforced to become a member of the
organization)
b) Neutral commitment (Employee shows the
commitment level based on his salary)
c) Positive (Employee wants to stay in the
organization due to the fact that he has
adopted the organization’s objectives)
3) Allen and Meyer’s approach
a) Affective commitment (Employee’s positive
emotional attachment to the organization)
b) Continuance commitment (Gains verses
losses of working in an organization)
c) Normative commitment (Sense of obligation
to Stay: spent resources)
Organizational commitment:
(Allen and Meyer’s (1990) scale)
Item 1:
This organization has a great deal of personal
meaning to me (affective).
Item 2:
It would be very hard for me to leave my
organization right now, even if I wanted to
(continuance).
Item 3:
I think that people these days move from company
to company too often (normative).
Job Satisfaction:
(Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire)
1) Promotion
Item 1:
The chances for advancement on this job
Item 2:
The chance to do something that makes use of
my abilities.
Item 3:
The praise I get for doing a good job
2) Supervision (Supervisor’s support)
Item 1:
The way my boss handles his workers
Item 2:
My supervisor has reasonable expectations of
my work.
Item 3:
My supervisor provides me with sufficient
information related to my work.