Media and Information Literacy - Senior High School Alternative Delivery
Mode Quarter 1 - Module 1: Introduction to Media and Information
Literacy First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education – Region X – Northern Mindanao
Regional Director: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO V
Development Team of the Module:
Development team of the module Marilou L. Lora
Author:
Reviewers:
Therese Mae C. Maandig
Author:
Marilou L. Lora
Arian M. Edullantes
Editors:
Abihail L. Gimena
Reviewers: Illustrator: Therese Mae C. Maandig
Jay Michael A.
Calipusan
Arian M. Edullantes
Management Team:
Abihail L. Gimena
Illustrator and Layout Artist:
Chairperson: Jay Michael A. Calipusan
Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Management Team:Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Himaya B. Sinatao
Asst. Regional Director
Joel D. Potane
Members:
Mala Epra B. Magnaong
CES, CLMD
Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr.
Regional ADM Coordinator
Elson C. Jamero
EPS-Designate-TLE
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Senior High School
Media and Information
Literacy
Quarter 1 - Module 1:
Introduction to Media and and
Information Literacy
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by
educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at action@
deped.gov.ph.
We value your feedback and recommendations.
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
Table of Contents
What This Module is About ........................................................................................................ I
What I Need to Know.................................................................................................................. I
How to Learn from this Module ................................................................................................. II
Icons of this Module ................................................................................................................... II
What I Know ............................................................................................................................. III
Lesson 1:
Introduction to Media and Information Literacy .......................1
What I Need to Know ...................................................................................1
What’s New: Different Kinds of Media ..........................................................2
What Is It ......................................................................................................3
What’s More: Identification of the Use of Media ...........................................3
What Is It: Definition of Terms ......................................................................4
What’s More: Case Analysis .........................................................................5
What’s New: Inventory of Media Habit, Lifestyle and Preferences ...............6
What I Have Learned: Synthesizing your Learning ......................................7
What I Can Do: Online Browsing of Satirical Sites .......................................8
Lesson 2:
Information Literacy ....................................................................9
What’s In ......................................................................................................9
What I Need to Know ...................................................................................9
What’s New: Situational Simulation ............................................................10
What Is It: Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy .................................10
What’s More: Social Media Scenario .........................................................11
What I Have Learned: Information Ethics...................................................12
What I Can Do: Detecting Fake News Online ............................................13
Summary ...........................................................................................................................14
Assessment: (Post-Test)....................................................................................................15
Key to Answers ..................................................................................................................16
References ........................................................................................................................20
What This Module is About
Welcome to the 21st Century Society!
We live in a world where the quality of information we receive largely determines our choices
and ensuing actions, including our capacity to enjoy fundamental freedoms and the ability for
self-determination and development. Driven by technological improvements in
telecommunications, there is also a proliferation of media and other information providers
through which vast amounts of information and knowledge are accessed and shared by
citizens (Karklins, J., UNESCO).
This Module is an introductory part for the subject in Media and Information Literacy, which
will pave the way towards more meaningful discussions and interactions. This is aimed in
introducing the concept of Media and Information Literacy to Senior High School learners, as
solid ground for college readiness. Basic concepts and terminologies will be presented as we
go along the module.
Together, let us scan the next few pages of this module in order for us to be fully equipped
and to be media and information literate individual. There are several standard symbols (icons)
used as you go about in the completion of this module. For instance, a hand cupped with a
sprout represents an activity that introduces you to a new lesson or concept. This is reinforced
with the magnifying glass icon that discusses the activity as a part of the lesson, enabling you
to discover and understand the totality of the lesson. Highlighting each lesson is your
application of learning, an activity that shall transfer the skills and knowledge gained into your
real life situations, symbolized with a nut and wrench tandem.
This module contains varied activities that can help you as a Senior High School student to
not just be an information literate individual, but a creative and critical thinker as well as
responsible user and competent producer of media and information.
The following are the lessons contained in this module: 1.
Introduction to Media and Information Literacy;
2. Information Literacy.
What I Need to Know
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Describe how much media and information affect communication (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa1);
2. Identify the similarities and differences of media literacy, information literacy, and
technology literacy (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-2);
3. Editorializes the value of being a media and information literate individual.
(MIL11/12IMILIIIa-3);
4. Identifies characteristics /describes a responsible user and competent producers of
media and information (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-3);
5. Share one’s media habits, lifestyles and preferences (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-4);
I
6. Define information needs; can locate, access, assess, organize, and communicate
information (MIL11/12IL-IIIc-8);
7. Demonstrate ethical use of information (MIL11/12IL-IIIc-9).
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
•
Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
•
Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
•
Answer all the given tests and exercises.
Icons of this Module
What I Need to
Know
This part contains learning objectives that
are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.
What I know
This is an assessment as to your level of
knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior relatedt
knowledge
What’s In
This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.
What’s New
An introduction of the new lesson through
various activities, before it will be presented
to you
What is It
These are discussions of the activities as a
way to deepen your discovery and
understanding of the concept.
What’s More
These are follow-up activities that are
intended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.
What I Have
Learned
Activities designed to process what you have
learned from the lesson
II
What I can do
These are tasks that are designed to
showcase your skills and knowledge gained,
and applied into real-life concerns and
situations.
III
Lesson
1
Introduction to Media and
Information Literacy
What I Need to Know
In this fast-paced, technology-driven time, we are bombarded with various information here
and there, in the convenience of a click, right in the comforts of our very own homes. Being
Senior High School students, you are expected to be literate, not just in terms of numbers and
letters, but to be able to fully grasp up to what extent information may be used and distributed.
But first, we need to take a close look at the ways by which we use, and eventually distribute
information. Hence, we will look into communication and its medium. Take a look at the picture
below.
Photo Credit: https://huddle.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/lessons-learnt-effective-communication/
The picture above depicts how each individual communicate at different levels, at different
forms. Each one of us has a personal concept of communication. Communication is broadly
defined as the imparting and exchanging of information or news (Retrieved from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/communication on October 31, 2018).
In order to communicate, we use different medium of communication to carry out the message
we want to convey. There are various outlets that we can use in order to deliver our message.
Few of the examples are listed below.
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Table 1. Examples of Communication Medium
Communication Medium
How it Works
Person to person interaction using one’s voice as the tool to
deliver the message.
Conversation
Public Speaking
Documents/ Letters/ Mails
One to many interaction using one’s voice as the tool to
deliver the message to a large number of people, at any
given time.
Written messages in whatever form, usually on paper and
print.
Messages rendered in the form of paintings, drawings,
photography, videos, images, and the like, that conveys
specific emotion, idea or thought.
Visual Art
Physical Medium
Digital/ Interactive
Physical things such as tarpaulin billboards, posters,
inpackage information contained in product packaging, and
the like.
Digital and electronic means to convey messages such as
website or computer application, primarily by the use of
internet.
How about you, can you add more to the list?
With the concept of communication defined above, how then can media affect
communication? But, before we discuss further on that, we will contextualize media, as it is
used in your daily lives and routine as students.
What’s New
Table 2. Different Kinds of Media Used Daily
Activity 1: Different kinds of media
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With communicating, we make use of different
channels so as to convey and/or exchange
information. Imagine a typical day in your life as
a Senior High School Student. Identify and list
down ten (10) different kinds of media that you
use in order to communicate information. The
first one is done for you.
Media Used
1. Cellular Mobile Phones
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What Is It
As you may have written from the list above, 8.
Media is commonly synonymous with
9.
technology. So, what is Media anyway?
Media refers to various channels of 10.
communication between a person or persons
and their intended audience. Television, radio, newspapers and the internet are different types
of Media. One of the oldest forms of media is print. Thanks to the ever changing technology,
our exposure to media is almost nonstop. Media shapes our perceptions of what is real. It
surrounds us in the forms of billboards, signage, and even the clothes you wear. We have
radio, television, computers, and smartphones. We have the internet, online video channels,
and all sorts of social media. So stop and look around, media is everywhere, and it’s not going
away anytime soon. Learn about it, understand it, so that you may be media-smart. (YouTube
Channel MediaSmarts retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBP_kswrtrw)
Simply put, media are the things or gadgets that we use in order to convey the details of the
information that we want to impart or communicate to people, and the society in general.
Example, if you want to notify your classmate of a meeting organized by a club you joined,
how will you go about communicating the information? Will you send text messages through
your cellular phone? Or maybe send a private message through social media? Or write it down
on a paper, and hang it on visible places around the campus? Whichever way, you must use
a medium to communicate the information. Hence, communication and media are directly
interrelated, such that media serves as a platform by which one can meaningfully express and
communicate oneself.
Furthermore, a specific media (thing/ gadget) can either be a Source of Information, a Medium
of Communication, or both. A media is considered a source of information if the use of the
media provides knowledge and information about something, while a media used as a channel
to convey information is considered a medium of communication. A media can also be
simultaneously used both as a source and a medium of information. To give you more of this
concept, you may answer the activity below.
What’s More
Table 3. Identification of Media and its Use
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Activity 2: Identification of
the Uses of Media
From the list that you
have identified from Activity
1,
identify
the use of the specific
media listed if it is (A) Source
of Information, (B) Medium of
Communication, or (C) Both.
The first one is done for you.
Media Used
Use of Media
1. Cellular Mobile Phones (B) Medium of Communication
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
What Is It
9.
From the example done for 10.
you, a Cellular Mobile Phone
with simple call and text features is an example of a medium of communication, because it
allows you to communicate and reach out to others. However, Smart Phones which are types
of mobile phones having the multi-purpose features of communication, multimedia
functionality, wireless communication like Bluetooth and wi-fi, is an example of both a source
of information and a medium of communication. Needless to say, a smart phone can be used
as a medium to communicate to other people from across the globe, and if loaded with cellular
data, can surf the internet hence, a potential source of information.
Now that we have discussed the interrelationship of media and communication, we will
examine the different concepts that will be used in this subject. We will build your definition on
the following key concepts, as referenced from the Teaching Guide of Media and Information
Literacy formulated by the CHED in collaboration with the Philippine Normal University:
A. Literacy- The ability to identify, E. Information Literacy- The ability to
understand,
interpret,
create,
recognize when information is needed,
communicate and compute, using
and to locate, evaluate, and effectively
printed and written materials associated
communicate information in its various
with varying contexts. Literacy involves
formats.
a continuum of learning, wherein
F. Technology (Digital) Literacy- The
individuals are able to achieve their
ability of an individual, either working
goals, develop their knowledge and
independently or with others, to
potential, and participate fully in their
responsibly,
appropriately,
and
community and wider society.
effectively use technological tools.
B. Media- The physical objects used to
Using these tools an individual can
communicate with or the mass
access, manage, integrate, evaluate,
communication
through
physical
create and communicate information.
objects such as radio, television,
G. Media and Information Literacy- The
computers, film, etc. It also refers to any
essential skills and competencies that
physical object used to communicate
allow individuals to engage with media
messages.
and other information providers
C. Media Literacy- The ability to access,
analyze, evaluate, and create media in
a variety of forms. It aims to empower
citizens by providing them with the
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effectively, as well as develop critical
thinking and life-long learning skills to
socialize and become active citizens.
competencies (knowledge and skills)
necessary to engage with traditional
media and new technologies.
D. Information- A broad term that covers
processed data, knowledge derived
from study, experience, instruction,
signals or symbols.
Figure 1. The interrelationship of the different
concepts of Media and Information Literacy
Lesson
2 Information
Literacy
What’s In
In lesson 1, we have learned the mechanics of communication, in order to effectively deliver
messages to other people, using different communication mediums or media. There are a
number of media uses, each can either be a source of information, or the communication
medium itself. We have also defined several literacy terms, one of which is Informagtion
Literacy, which will be discussed in-depth in this lesson.
5
What I Need to Know
Generated by Marilou L. Lora from https://bigcrunch.io/v/nAEdNnc7nssE4Xi77EhSJg
•
Why do we need information?
•
Where do we search for information?
•
How do we acquire and store information?
•
How do we use the information that we have?
•
How will we communicate the information that we have acquired?
The questions outlined above are some of the few questions that comes into mind when we
talk about Information Literacy, which was introduced in the earlier part of this module. Before
we go further, answer the first activity of the lesson.
What’s New
Activity 1: Situational Simulation
You are given an opportunity to interview personally the mayor of the city where you live in.
In this case, write down at least five (5) questions that you would want to ask the mayor.
What Is It
Now, given the above questions which you have personally chosen, it is important to
understand the need to acquire this information that you have asked from the mayor of the
city. These questions are actually a result of you trying to go through the process towards
becoming an information literate individual.
6
As a review, we already discussed what Information Literacy is. It is defined as the ability to
recognize when information is needed, and to locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate
information in its various formats. Therefore, it is a set of individual competencies needed to
identify, evaluate and use information in the most ethical, efficient and effective way across all
domains, occupations and professions.
Table 7. Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy
Stage
What this stage is about?
1
Identifying/ recognizing information needs
The realization that there arise a need or a problem exists that requires information,
for its satisfactory resolution.
2
Determining sources of information
Know how to determine if the needed information exists, and to source out from
varied avenues.
3
Citing or searching for information
Know how to find needed information, to give credits to the source of the
information.
4
Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information
Know how to fully understand found information, or know where to go for help if
needed to understand, and to assess the accuracy and reliability of the information
acquired.
5
Organizing, storing or archiving information
Know how to preserve, store, reuse, record and archive information for future use,
or to dispose of information no longer needed, and safeguard information that
should be protected.
6
Using information in an ethical, efficient and effective way
Know how to utilize information to solve problem, make decision, or meet need.
7
Creating and communicating new knowledge
Know how to communicate and present information to others in appropriate, usable
formats/ mediums.
Take note that the concept is appropriately divided into stages as to one cannot proceed with
the next step, unless the initial step is not satisfied. It can be considered as elements, since
each one must be exhibited in an individual if we consider an one as information literate.
In the table from the previous page, let us just consider a situation relevant to your experience
as SHS student, particularly your task on your subject in Practical Research. First thing that
you need to do is to look for a specific need, a problem that needs resolution (Stage 1) which
will serve as the moving reason for your research. Let’s just say you want to look into students’
reading comprehension. Stage 2 requires that you must determine if there are available
materials for your references, whether they be in hard or soft copies, digital or otherwise.
Definitely, once you have determined your information sources, like the internet, books,
journals, and the like, you must cite these sources appropriately in order to not be charged
with plagiarism. Stage 4 is all about analyzing and evaluating which from the varied information
available are relevant to your research topic, and which are not valuable enough for use. This
stage requires a full understanding of the topic or need that you need to resolve. Stage 5
requires knowledge as to the preservation and storage of the information that you have
acquired. You may store these on a flash drive, or maybe print or photocopy the information
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for your reference. Stage 6 is all about the proper way of using the information that you have
acquired that will be beneficial to a large number of people. The ethical and legal side of using
referenced materials then comes into question. Finally, you will have to decide then as to the
manner of communicating the information to the vast majority of the people. Definitely as an
output of your Practical Research, you need to have this printed and bounded before
submitting to your teacher.
Let us now test your understanding by doing the activity below.
What’s More
Activity 2: Social Media Scenario
You have seen the viral video in social
media about a senior high school
student bullying another student within
the school premises. There had been
so much concerns circulating in the
online world about the identity of the
parties involved, one of which claims
that the school is playing favorites
between the parties, and favoring the
bully in the video. As an active social
media user, you want to exhibit your
being a media and information literate
individual, the following table below
outlines the task that you will have to
take in order to come up with an
informative post relative to the viral
issue at hand.
Let us move on further as you answer the following
activity to enhance your capacities in passing opinion
as to the daily life situations you are facing involving
information literacy as a Senior High student.
Information needs
(What information do you need?)
Sources of information
(Where will you get them?)
Access to the information
(How will you access them?)
Evaluate information
(How will you check the quality of
information?)
Organize information
(How will you organize and store
them?)
Communicate information
How will you create and
communicate them?)
Summary
1. Communication is broadly defined as the imparting and exchanging of information.
2. There are different communication mediums, common examples are Conversation,
Public Speaking, Documents/ Letters/ Mails, Visual Art, Physical Medium, Digital/
Interactive. Each one of these mediums works differently in conveying messages and
information, but with the main purpose of communicating information to others.
3. Literacy is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and
compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy
involves a continuum of learning, wherein individuals are able to achieve their goals,
develop their knowledge and potential, and participate fully in their community and
wider society.
4. Media are the physical objects used to communicate with or the mass communication
through physical objects such as radio, television, computers, film, etc. It also refers to
any physical object used to communicate messages.
8
5. Media Literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety
of forms. It aims to empower citizens by providing them with the competencies
(knowledge and skills) necessary to engage with traditional media and new
technologies.
6. Information- A broad term that covers processed data, knowledge derived from study,
experience, instruction, signals or symbols.
7. Information Literacy- The ability to recognize when information is needed, and to
locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its various formats.
8. Technology (Digital) Literacy- The ability of an individual, either working
independently or with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use
technological tools. Using these tools an individual can access, manage, integrate,
evaluate, create and communicate information.
9. Media and Information Literacy- The skills and competencies that allow individuals
to engage with media and other information providers effectively, as well as develop
critical thinking and life-long learning skills to socialize and become active citizens.
10. The Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy are:
Stage 1Identifying/ recognizing information needs
Stage 2Determining sources of information
Stage 3-
Citing or searching for information
Stage 4-
Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information
Stage 5-
Organizing, storing or archiving information
Stage 6-
Using information in an ethical, efficient and effective way
Stage 7Creating and communicating new knowledge
11. The Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy are divided into stages as to one cannot
proceed with the next step, unless the initial step is not satisfied. It can also be
considered elements, because each one must be exhibited in an individual if we are to
consider one an information literate.