KENT ROYD AYING
BSEE 4-H
ASSIGNMENT # 3
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
• Power House
A power plant or powerhouse, and sometimes
generating station or generating plant, is an industrial
facility for the generation of electric power.
A. Steam turbines
allow power plants to generate power using a gas
turbine and utilize gas and heat produced in the process
to generate steam that, in turn, produces additional
power.
atmosphere. Therefore, unlike most fossil fuel and
nuclear power plants, they dump no waste heat into
rivers or surface water.
C. Gas removal system
Geothermal gas removal involves the removal of air
and other non-condensable gases from the steam space
of the condensers. However, in geothermal power plants,
the steam used to drive the turbine is extracted from
the earth and contains large amounts of corrosive
gases.
D . Hydrogen sulfide (sulphide) abatement system
The system is a dry-type that oxidizes H2S gas
with a catalyst and generates by-product molten sulfur.
It is the world’s first application with this type of
system in a geothermal power station. The H2S
abatement efficiency is high (over 90%) and the
system is easy to operate.
B. Alternator
Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in
the form of alternating current. The turbine’s axis is
connected to the rotor of the alternator, that rotates
and transforms the mechanical energy into alternating
electric current, which is then transmitted to the
transformer.
C. Switchboard and Switchgear
A switchgear is also useful in identifying fault
conditions and cutting off the power supply by
disconnecting and isolating it from the circuit. A
switchboard is used to distribute power to multiple
sources and transmitting it to individual loads,
transformers, panel boards and control equipment.
D. Transformer
The transformer raises the voltage of the electric
energy and transfers it to the distribution network.
The steam that exits the turbine is returned to the
liquid state in a condenser, while the gases that
cannot be condensed are dispersed in the atmosphere
WIND POWER PLANT
• Foundation or Base
The main task of foundation of wind turbine is
that it transfers and spreads the loads to the soil at
depth. The vertical and horizontal forces which act on
the turbine foundation are due to self-weight and wind
respectively. The height of wind turbine tower varies
usually from 40 m to 130 m.
•
• Accessories
The main components in a geothermal power plant
at The Geysers are the steam turbine, generator,
condenser, cooling tower, gas removal system and
hydrogen sulfide abatement system.
A. Condenser
A condenser is normally used on all geothermal
plants to increase the power by maximizing pressure
drop across the turbine. Condensing the steam at the
turbine exhaust creates a vacuum (0.15 atm), thus
maximizing the pressure drop and power output.
B. Cooling Tower
Geothermal power plants use cooling towers or
air-cooled condensers to reject waste heat into the
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Tower
Made from tubular steel, the tower supports
the structure of the turbine. Towers usually come in
three sections and are assembled on-site. Because wind
speed increases with height, taller towers enable
turbines to capture more energy and generate more
electricity.
• Nacelle
A nacelle of a wind turbine is an enclosed housing
that stokes turbine’s generating parts (drivetrain),
mainly generator, gearbox, drivetrain, and brake
assembly.
A. Alternator
A wind turbine alternator is an electrical
machine making the conversion from mechanical energy
to electrical energy in a wind turbine.
B. Gearbox
A gearbox is typically used in a wind turbine to
increase rotational speed from a low-speed rotor to a
higher speed electrical generator.
C. Brake
A wind turbine rotor brake is a brake placed
next to the gearbox that reduces the rotational speed
of the blade assembly, fixes the blade so that it does
not rotate in the case of power transmission
maintenance or power generator rest, and in an
emergency.
D. Control Electronics
The wind turbine controller consists of a number
of computers which continuously monitor the condition
of the wind turbine and collect statistics on its
operation. As the name implies, the controller also
controls a large number of switches, hydraulic pumps,
valves, and motors within the wind turbine.
E. Switchgear
The switchgear includes a first switching device
associated with the transformer, and a second
switching device associated with one or more cables
connecting the wind turbine to another wind turbine in
the collector.
SOLAR POWER PLANT
• Solar Photovoltaic
Solar cells, also called photovoltaic cells,
convert sunlight directly into electricity.
Photovoltaics (often shortened as PV) gets its
name from the process of converting light (photons)
to electricity (voltage), which is called the
photovoltaic effect.
A. Solar Panel Cell
A panel designed to absorb the sun’s rays as a
source of energy for generating electricity or heating.
B. Inverters
An inverter is one of the most important pieces
of equipment in a solar energy system. It’s a device
that converts direct current (DC) electricity, which is
what a solar panel generates, to alternating current
(AC) electricity, which the electrical grid uses.
C. Racking and Solar Battery Storage
A solar racking system is used to safely fix
solar panels to various surfaces such as roofs,
building facades, or the ground. A Solar Battery
Storage is a device that reserves energy for later
consumption that is charged by a connected solar
system. The stored electricity is consumed after
sundown, during energy demand peaks, or during a
power outage.
D. Controllers
A Power Plant Controller (PPC) is used to
regulate and control the networked inverters,
devices and equipment at a solar PV plant in order
to meet specified setpoints and change grid
parameters at the Point of Interconnect (POI).
E. Transformers
Transformers are critical components in solar
energy production and distribution. Historically,
transformers have “stepped-up” or “stepped-down”
energy from non-renewable sources.
F. Switchgear
Switchgears provide sufficient segmentation
of the MV system to reduce the extent of circuit
outages during electrical work on cables and power
stations
•
Solar Thermal
Solar thermal power plants are electricity
generation plants that utilize energy from the Sun
to heat a fluid to a high temperature. This fluid
then transfers its heat to water, which then
becomes superheated steam.
A. Reflectors (heliostats)
Reflectors are used in the solar technology
to concentrate the sunlight onto the solar panels.
They employ glass as a base material with a silver
coating and a protective layer over it.
B. Receivers
The solar receiver absorbs the concentrated
solar radiation by collectors and transfers it to the
heat transfer fluid (HTF) which is used to feed
high-temperature heat to a power conversion
system.
C. Power House
A power plant or powerhouse, and
sometimes generating station or generating plant,
is an industrial facility for the generation of electric
power.
I. Boiler
Boilers are used in power plants in order to
produce high pressured steam, so that the plant
can generate electricity
J. Steam Turbine
Steam turbine generator sets convert solar
energy into electricity. Instrumentation and
controlls help to make optimal use of every single
sun beam.
K. Generator
The steam turbine generator is the primary
power conversion component of the power plant. The
function of the steam turbine generator is to
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convert the thermal energy of the steam from the
steam generator to electrical energy.
L. Switchgear
-Switchgears provide sufficient segmentation of
the MV system to reduce the extent of circuit outages
during electrical work on cables and power stations.
M. Transformer
A transformer is an electrical device designed
and manufactured to step voltage up or step down.
Electrical transformers operate on the principle of
magnetic induction and have no moving parts.
GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT
enclosure.
D. Transformer
A power plant transformer is a device used for
generating electrical power from one voltage level to
another.
E. Switchgear and Control
Switchgear-control functions allow system
operating personnel to modify a loaded system at any
moment. This control relates to all switching operations
in normal service conditions for energizing or deenergizing a part of a system or installation, or an
individual piece of equipment, item of plant, etc.
COMBINE CYCLE POWER PLANT
•
Fuel Depot and Fuel Handling System
Fuel handling machines are used to load and
unload the reactor core as well as transport the
fuel elements in the reactor pond. The fuel elements
are always handled by a purpose-built high-grade
steel grab that is built into a high-grade steel
telescopic mast.
A. Storage
The concept of an energy storage system is
simple; store power when there is a surplus, and
then provide power to the grid when there is a
demand.
B. Piping System
Piping systems are an important part of
power plant construction because they have a major
influence on how efficiently and cost-effectively a
plant operates.
• Power House
A power plant or powerhouse, and
sometimes generating station or generating plant,
is an industrial facility for the generation of electric
power.
A .Combustion Engine
Combustion engines employ the expansion of
hot gases to push a piston within a cylinder,
converting the linear movement of the piston into
the rotating movement of a crankshaft to
generate power.
B. Alternator
An alternator, as an integral part of every
combustion engine vehicle, its main responsibility is
to convert chemical energy to electrical energy so
that you can charge and replenish the battery in
your engine.
C. Switchboard and Control
A switchboard is a component of an electrical
distribution system which divides an electrical power
feed into branch circuits while providing a protective
circuit breaker or fuse for each circuit in a common
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Fuel and fuel handing system
Fuel handling machines are used to load and
unload the reactor core as well as transport the
fuel elements in the reactor pond. The fuel elements
are always handled by a purpose-built high-grade
steel grab that is built into a high-grade steel
telescopic mast.
• Power House
A power plant or powerhouse, and sometimes
generating station or generating plant, is an industrial
facility for the generation of electric power.
A. Combustor
A combustor is a component or area of a gas
turbine, ramjet, or scramjet engine where combustion
takes place.
B. Turbine
A turbine is a device that harnesses the kinetic
energy of some fluid – such as water, steam, air, or
combustion gases – and turns this into the rotational
motion of the device itself.
C. Alternator
An alternator is an electrical generator that
converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the
form of alternating current.
D. Condenser and Accessories
The surface condenser in a gas power plant is
located directly downstream of the steam turbine. The
steam flow from the turbine exhaust condenses on the
outer surface of the condenser cooling tubes, while the
cooling water flowing through the tubes absorbs the
rejected heat. The accessories of gas power plant are
tachometer, lubricating oil pump, filters, starting motor,
governor mechanisms, mufflers and oil coolers.
E. Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG).
A heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is one of
the major pieces of equipment in a
gas turbine
combined cycle power plant that boasts a high thermal
efficiency and produces minimal CO2 emissions
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