LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
REVIEWER
RIZAL LAW (RA NO. 1425)
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RA NO. 1425 (RIZAL LAW)
Authored by Senator Claro M. Recto
Signed by President Ramon
Magsaysay on June 12,1956
It gave rise to the implementation of
the Rizal Subject as a requirement to
all course in tertiary (college)
education.
One of the most controversial bills in
the Philippines.
PARTICULARLY, THE RIZAL LAW
AIMS TO:
 To dedicate the lives of the youth to
the ideals of freedom, and
nationalism, for which our heroes
lived and died.
 To pay tribute to our national hero
for devoting his life and works in
shaping the Filipino character.
 To gain an inspiring source of
patriotism thru the study of Rizal’s
Life, Works, and Writings.
HISTORY OF THE RIZAL LAW
 Senate Bill 438 (known as the Rizal
Bill), authored by Senator Claro M.
Recto is considered as one of the
most controversial bills in the
Philippines.
 Recto’s original bill made it
obligatory for college and university
students to study the life and works
of Dr. Jose Rizal.
WHAT MADE IT CONTROVERSIAL IS
THAT:
 The bill was not just fiercely
opposed by the people from the
Legislative Branch, but also by the
Catholic Church due to the inclusion
of compulsory reading of Rizal’s
novel in which according to them,
Catholic dogmas are humiliated.
 The bill was opposed by three
senators: Senator Francisco Rodrigo,
Senator Mariano Cuenco and
Senator Decoroso Rosales.
 The Catholic Church was indirectly
included in the debates and played a
major role for the intervention of
signing of the bill into a law.
 Rizalian Anthology, a collection of
Rizal’s literary works that contain
the patriotic philosophy excluding
the two novels.
 Due to apparently never-ending
debates on the Rizal Bill, approved
amendments were formulated
through ideas of three senators.
 Senator Laurel – other than Noli and
El Fili, works written by Rizal and
 works written by others about Rizal
would be included and reading of
 The unexpurgated revision of the
two novels would no longer be
compulsory to elementary and
secondary levels but would be
strictly observed to college level.
 Senator Marciano Lim – suggested
the exemption to those students
who feel that reading Rizal’s novels
would negatively affect his or her
faith.
 Senator Primicias – promulgates the
rules and regulations in getting an
exemption only from reading the
two novels through written
statement or affidavit and not from
taking the Rizal Course.
PROVISIONS OF THE RIZAL LAW
SECTION 1
 Courses on the life, works and
writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his
novels Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, shall be included in
the curricula of all schools, colleges
and universities, public or
private.
SECTION 2
 It shall be obligatory on all schools,
colleges, and universities to keep in
their libraries an adequate number
of copies of the original and
unexpurgated editions of the Noli
Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as
well as Rizal’s other works and
biography.
SECTION 3
 Filibusterismo, as well as other
writings of Jose Rizal into English,
Tagalog, and the principal Philippine
dialects; cause them to be printed in
cheap, popular editions; and cause
them to be distributed, free of
charge; to persons desiring to read
them.
PROVISIONS OF THE RIZAL LAW
(CONT’D)
SECTION 4
 Nothing in this Act shall be
constructed as amendment or
repealing section nine hundred
twenty-seven of the Administrative
Code, prohibiting the discussion of
religious doctrines by public school
teachers and other person engaged
in any public school.
SECTION 5
 The sum of three hundred thousand
pesos is hereby authorized to be
appropriated out of any fund not
otherwise appropriated in the
National Treasury to carry out the
purposes of this Act.
SECTION 6
 This act shall take effect upon its
approval.
 Approved June 12, 1956
LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
REVIEWER
CHAPTER 1 ADVENT OF A
NATIONAL HERO
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Dr. Jose P. rizal
Born on June 19,1861 in Calamba,
Laguna.
National Hero of the Philippines.
A physician (opthalmic surgeon),
poet, dramatist essayist, novelist,
historian, architect, painter and etc.
His name Jose was derived from St.
Joseph.
THE WORLD WHEN RIZAL WAS
BORN
 The Pax Hispanica – reigned over the
archipelago
 Gargantuan, China – frustrated and
impotent to stop over foreign devils.
 Imperialist Western – victories over
China and tried it on Japan
 Convention of Peeking – happened
on October 22, 1860.
 Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864)
Lt. General Jose Lemery
 The Governor General of the
Philippines when Rizal was born. He
governed the Philippines from Feb 2,
1861- July 7, 1862
THE BIRTH OF A HERO
 Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo
Realonda is the complete name of
Dr. Jose Rizal.
 He was baptized on June 22, 1861 in
the Catholic Church aged 3 days old
by Father Rufino Collantes
(Batangueno).
 He also has a good father that is a
priest which is a close friend of their
family and his name is Fr. Pedro
Cansanas.
FRANCISCO MERCADO RIZAL
 Born on May 11, 1818 in Biñan,
Laguna and died on January 5, 1898
at the age of 80in Manila.
 He studied Latin and Philosophy in
College of San Jose in Manila. His
mother died, then he moved to
Calamba to became a tenant farmer
in a Dominican estate.
 Married Teodora Alonzo Realonda
onJune28, 1848.
TEODORA ALOZO REALONDA
 Born on November 8, 1826 in Manila
and died on August 16, 1911 at the
age of 85.
 She studied at a well-known girls
school in the College of Santa Rosa.
 She was a remarkable woman,
possessing refined culture, literary
talent, business ability, and a
fortitude of Spartan Women.
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THE RIZAL CHILDREN
Saturtina Rizal (1850-1913)
Paciano Rizal (1851-1930)
Narcisa Rizal (1852-1939)
Olympia Rizal (1855-1887)
Lucia Rizal (1857-1919)
Maria Rizal (1859-1945)
Jose Rizal (1861-1896)
Conception Rizal (1862-1865)
Josefa Rizal (1865-1945)
Trinidad Rizal (1868-1951)
Soledad (1870-1929)
RIZAL ANCESTRY
Negrito
Indonesia
Malay
Chinese
Japanese
Spanish
Domingo Lamco Mercado
Rizal great great grand father.
A Chinese immigrant from the
Fukien city of the Changchow, who
arrived in the Philippines in the year
of 1690
He changed his surname to Mercado
because of the purpose of
protecting his family from Spanish
persecution.
Francisco Mercado, son of Domingo
Lamco and Ines Dela Rosa who
marrieda Chinese-Filipino mestiza
named Cirila Bernacha.
Juan Mercado, one of Francisco
Mercado and Cirila Beranacha’s son.
Like his father he was also elected as
a governadorcillo in Biñan.
MATERNAL SIDE
 It is said that Dona Teodora's family
descended from Lakan-dula.
 Eugenio Ursua great great grand
father of Rizal.
 Brigida who married Lorenzo Alberto
Alonso, a prominent Spanish-Filipino
mestizo of Biñan.
THE SURNAME RIZAL
 The real surname of the Rizal Family
was Mercado, which was adopted by
Domingo Lamco in1731.
 The surname Rizal was given by a
Spanish Alcalde mayor of laguna,
who was a family friend of his great
great grand father.
 The term “Rizal came from the
Spanish word racial which means
“greenfield”or |”new pasture.”
THE RIZAL FAMILY
 The Rizal Family belonged to the
Principalia.
 They were the first to build a large
stone house in Calamba.
 The Rizal family raised rice, corn and
sugar on large tracts of land rented
from Dominican estate of Calamba.
It operated a sugar mill, a flour mill,
and a home-made ham press. It
engaged successfully in the dye and
sugar business and in the barter
trade.
LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
REVIEWER
CHAPTER 2 RIZAL’S CHILDHOOD
YEARS IN CALAMBA
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CALAMBA THE HERO’S TOWN
Calamba is a component city in the
province of Laguna.
Regional center of CALABARZON
Calamba was named after a big
native’s jar.
The place where our National Hero
was born.
EARLIEST CHILDHOOD MEMORIES
The first memory of Rizal, in his
infancy, was his happy days in the
family garden when he was three
years old.
What the father or Rizal created for
him play in during the day
- Three house
- Nipa Cottage
- Playground
Kind old woman called “aya” (nurse
maid)
Another childhood memory was the
daily Angelus prayer.
“Manong Jose” – At the age of 3 he
started participating in family
prayers and was able to read family
bible in Spanish at the age of 5
CONCEPTION EARLY DEATH
 At the time Rizal was 4 years old and
Conception’s early death was Rizal’s
first sorrow in Life.
 Who is this town pries in Calamba
that Rizal admired and respected as
a child
TRIP TO ANTIPOLO
 June 6, 1868 was the first trip of Jose
across Laguna de Bay, and his first
journey to Antipolo.
 Jose and his father went to Manila.
 Visited Saturnina who was then at La
Concordia College in Santa Ana.
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THE STORY OF THE MOTH
A story told by Jose Rizal’s mother.
The narrative is about a young and
old moth.
“See that you do not behave like the
young moth. Don’t be disobedient,
or you may get burnt as it did”.
“to give one’s life for it” (meaning
for an ideal) is “worthwile”.
FIRST POEM BY RIZAL
At the age of eight Rizal wrote his
first poem
SA AKING MGA KABABATA (To my
fellow children)
“Whoever knows not how to love his
native tongue, Is worse than any
beast or exit smelling fish”
This reveals Rizal’s earliest
nationalist sentiment.
Love to our native language and
aspire to achieve liberation
FIRST DRAMA BY RIZAL
 Rizal wrote his first dramatic work
which was a Tagalog comedy. It was
staged in Calamba festival.
 A gobernadorcillo from Paete
purchased the manuscript for 2
pesos.
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LAKESHORE REVERIES
 Rizal used to meditate at the shore
of Laguna de Bay with his dog
“Usman”
 He wrote to his friend Mariano
Ponce
INFLUENCES ON THE HERO’S
BOYHOOD
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
PACIANO – love of freedom and
justice.
SISTERS – courteous and kind to
women.
AYA – interest in folklores and
legends.
3 UNCLES:
- TIO JOSE ALBERTO – artistic
ability.
- TIO MANUEL – develop frail
body by means of physical
exercises.
- TIO GREGORIO – voracious
reading of good books.
- FATHER LEONCIO LOPEZ – love
for scholarship and intellectual
honesty.
AID TO DIVINDE PROVIDENCE
 Aid of divide providence, Despite
processing all of life’s necessities
brains, riches, and a power, a person
cannot rise to greatness in the view
of the country without help of
divined providence.
HEREDITARY INFLUENCES
 From his father self-respect, the love
for work, and the habit of
independent thinking.
 Mother- religious nature, the spirit
of self-sacrifice, and the passion for
art and literature.
LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
REVIEWER
travelling. It is a common public
carriage “carromata”
CHAPTER 3 EARLY EDUCATION IN
CALAMBA AND BINAN
THE HERO’S FIRST TEACHER
 “My mother”, wrote Rizal in his
student memories, “taught me how
to read and to say haltingly the
humble prayers which I raised
fervently to God”.
- Maestro Celestino
- Maestro Lucas Padua
- Leon Monroy
START OF RIZAL’S BIÑAN JOURNEY
MARTYRDOM OF GOM-BUR-ZA
 January 20,1872 (Cavite Mutiny)
 February 17, 1872 (Gom-Bur-Za was
executed)
 1891 (Rizal dedicated his second
novel, El Filibusterismo, to Gom-BurZa)
INJUSTICE TO HERO’S MOTHER
 June of 1872, Dona Teodora, the
sadistic Spanish lieutenant forced
her to walk from Calamba to Santa
Cruz (Capital of Laguna Province), a
distance of 50 kilometes
 Two and a half years.
JOSE GOES TO BINAN
 A light two-wheeled, boxlike vehicle
usually drawn by a single native
pony and used to conveyed
passengers within city limits or for
LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
REVIEWER
CHAPTER 4 SCHOLASTIC TRIUMPS
AT ATENEO DE MANILA (1872-1877)
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RIZAL ENTERS THE ATENEO
On June 10,1872 Jose, accompanied
by Pociano, went to Manila.
He took the entrance examination
on Christian doctrine, Arithmetic,
and reading at the College of San
Juan de Letran, and passed them.
At first, Father Magin Ferrando, who
was the college registrar, refues to
admit him for two reasons:
1. He was late for registration and
2. He was sickly and undersized for
his age.
However, upon the intercession of
Manuel Xerez Burgos, nephew of
Father Burgos, he was reluctantly
admitted at the Ateneo.
The Ateneo students in Rizal’s time
wore a uniform which consisted of
“hemp-fabric trousers” and “striped
cotton coat”. The coat material was
called rayadillo, which later became
famous for it was adopted as the
uniform for Filipino troops during
the days of the First Philippine
Republic.
RIZALS FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO
(1872-1873)
 Rizal’s first professor in the Ateneo
was Fr. Jose Bech. Whom he
described as a “tall, thin man, with a
body slightly bent forward, a harried
walk, an ascetic face, severe and
inspired, small deep sunken eyes, a
sharp nose that was almost a Greek,
and thin lips forming an arc whose
ends fell toward the chin.
TEENAGE INTEREST IN READING
 It was during the summer vacation
in 1874 in Calamba when Rizal
began to take interest in reading
romantic novels. As a normal
teenager he became interested in
love stories and romantic tales.
 The first favorite novel of Rizal was
The Count of Monte Cristo By
Alexander Dumas.
 Later Rizal read Travels in the
Philippines by Dr. Feodot Jagor, A
German scienties-traveler who
visited the Philippines in 1859-1860.
EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN
ATENEO
 In his leisure hours, Rizal cultivated
his talent under the guidance of
Father Sanchez. Another professor,
Father Jose Vilaclara, advised him to
stop communing with the muses
and pay more attention to more
practical studies, such as philosophy
and natural sciences. Rizal did not
heed his advise. He continued to
solicit Father Sanchez’s help in
improving his poetry.
SCULPTURAL WORKS IN ATENEO
 Rizal impressed his Jesuit professors
in the Ateneo with his artistic skill.
One day he carved an image in the
Ateneo with his artistic skill.
 One day he carved an image of The
Virgin Mary on a piece of batikuling
(Philippine hardwood) with his
pocket-knife. The Jesuit fathers were
amazed at the beauty and grace of
the image.
ANECDOTES ON RIZAL THE
ATENEAN
 One of Rizal’s contemporaries in the
Ateneo was Felix M. Roxas. He
related an incident of Rizal’s school
days in the Ateneo which reveals the
Hero’s resignation to pain and
forgiveness.
 Another anecdote on Rizal the
Atenean was related by Manuel
Xeres Burgos, in whose house Rizal
boarded shortly before he came an
interno in the Ateneo.
POEMS WRITTEN IN ATENEO
 The first poem Rizal probably wrote
during his days in the Ateneo was Mi
Primera Inspiracion (My first
Inspiration) which was dedicated to
his mother on her birthday.
 In 1875, inspired by Father Sanchez,
he wrote more poems.
 In 1876, Rizal wrote poems on
various topics, Religion, education,
childhood, memories and war.
 “My First Inspiration”. It was most
fitting that the first poem written by
Rizal as an Atenean should be about
his beloved mother. In his poem, he
felicitates his mother on her
birthday, expressing his filial
affection in sonorous verses.
RIZAL RELIGIOUS POEMS
 During his student days Rizal express
his devotion to his Catholic faith in
melodious poetry. One of the
religious poems he wrote was a brief
ode entitles Al Nino Jesus (To The
Child Jesus).
 Another religious poem which he
wrote was entitled A La Virgen
Maria (To The Virgin Mary). This
poem is undated so that we do not
know exactly when it was written.
Probably Rizal wrote it after his ode
to the child Jesus.
DRAMATIC WORK IN ATENEO
 Upon the opening of the classes at
the Ateneo in June 1876 his last
academic year at the Jesuit college,
he submitted to Father Sanchez the
finished manuscript of the drama
entitled San Eustacio, Martir (St.
Eustace, the Martyr).
FIRST ROMANCE OF RIZAL
 Shortly after his graduation from the
Ateneo, Rizal was sixteen years old,
experienced his first romance. “The
painful experience which comes to
all nearly all adolescents”.
 The girl was Seguna Katigbak, a
pretty fourteen-year old Batanguena
from Lipa. In Rizal’s own words “she
was rather short, with eyes that
were eloquent and ardent at times
and languid at others, rosy-cheeked,
with an enchanting and provocative
smile that revealed very beautiful
teeth, and the air of a sylph, her
entire self -diffused a mysterious
charm.”
 He returned home, dazed and
desolate, with his first romance
“ruined by his own shyness and
reserve”. The first girl, whom he
loved by ardent fervor, was lost to
him forever. She returned to Lipa
and later married Manuel Luz. He
remained in Calamba, a frustrated
lover, cherishing nostalgic memories
of a lost love.
 Three years later, Rizal, recording his
first and tragic romance said, “ended
at an early hour, my first love! My
virgin heart will always mourn the
reckless step it took on the flowerdecked abyss. My illusions will
return, yes, but in different,
uncertain, ready for the first
betrayal on the path of love”.
CHAPTER 5 MEDICAL STUDIES AT
THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
RIZAL ENTERS THE UNIVERSITY
 In April 1877, J. Rizal who was then
nearly a 16 year old boy,
matriculated in the University of
Santo Tomas, taking the course on
Philosophy, He enrolled in this
course for two reason:
1. His father liked it and
2. He was still uncertain as to what
career to pursue.
 During Rizal first year term (18771878) in the University of Santo
Tomas, Rizal studied Cosmology,
Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History
of Philosophy.
FINISHES SURVEYING COURSE IN
ATENEO (1878)
 During Rizal’s first school term in
University of Santo Tomas (187778), Rizal also studied in Ateneo. He
took the vocational course leading
to the title of Perito agrimensor
(expert surveyor).
 The title was issued to him on
November 25,1881.
ROMANCES WITH OTHER GIRLS
 MS L. – Rizal had her after losing
Seguna.
 LEONOR – The neighbor
 LEONOR RIVERA – The cousin
VICTIMS OF SPANISH
OFFICER’S BRUTALITY
 When Jose Rizal was a freshman
medical student at the University of
Santo Tomas, he first experienced
the Spanish Brutality. One dark night
in Calamba, during the summer
vacation in 1878, he was walking in
the street. He dimly perceived the
figure of a man while passing ham.
Not knowing the person due to
darkness, he did not salute nor say a
courteous “Good evening” The
vague figured and turned out to be a
lieutenant of the Guardia Civil. With
a snarl he turned upon Rizal,
whipped out his sword and brutally
slashed the latter on the back.
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TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH
A LA JUVENTED FILIPINA
Publication Date: 1879
Published by: Manila Lyceum of Art
and Literature
Language: Spanish
Author: Jose Rizal
“THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS”
(1880)
 The following year (1880), the
Artistic-Literary Lyceum opened
another literary contest to
commemorate the fourth centennial
of the death of Cervantes, Spain’s
glorified man-of-letters and famous
author of Don Quixote. Many writers
participated in the contest, Rizal was
inspired by his poetical triumph, the
previous year, entered the literary
joust, submitting an allegorical
drama entitled El Consejo de los
Dioses (The Council Of the Gods).
OTHER LITERARY WORKS
 “Now without comfort, Sadly groans
in the power of a foreign people,
And slowly dies in the impious clutch
of spain” – Jose Rizal
 In the same year (1880) he wrote a
sonnet entitled A Filipinas for the
album of the society of Sculptors. In
this sonnet he urged all Filipino
artists to glorify the Philippines. The
year before, in 1879, he composed a
poem entitled Abd-el-Azis y
Mahoma, which was declared by an
Atenean, Manuel Fernandez.
RIZAL’S VISIT TO PAKIL AND
PAGSANJAN
 In this summer month of May, 1881,
when he was still a medical student
at UST, Rizal went on a pilgrimage to
the town of Pakil, famous shrine of
the Birhen Maria de los Dolores, He
was accompanied by his sisters
Saturnina, Maria, and Trinidad and
their female friends.
CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS
 Rizal was the champion of the
Filipino students in their frequent
fights against the arrogant Spanish
students who were often surpassed
by the Filipinos in class work and
who insultingly called their brown
classmates “indo, chonggo”! in
retaliation the Filipino students
called them “Kastila, bangus”!
DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD
 After finishing the fourth year of his
medical course, Rizal decided to
study in Spain.
 LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
REVIEWER
CHAPTER 6 IN SUNNY SPAIN (18821885)
RIZAL’S SECRET MISSION
 Aside from completing his studies in
Spain, Rizal has his “secret mission”
to observe keenly the life and
culture, languages and customs,
industries and commerce, and
government and laws of the
European nations: in order to
prepare himself in the mighty task of
liberating his oppresses people from
Spanish tyranny.
SECRET DEPARTURE FOR SPAIN
 Rizal’s departure for Spain was kept
secret to avoid detection by the
Spain authorities and the friars.
 He used the name Jose Mercado.
 May 3,1882 – Rizal departed on
board the Spanish streamer
“Salvadora” bound for Singapore.
SINGAPORE
 He was the only Filipino on board.
16 passengers.
 Ship Captain, Donato Lecha,
Spaniard, much more refined than
his other countrymen and
colleagues that I have met.
 Rizal played chess with his fellow
passengers who were much older
than him.
 May 8, 1882 – While the streamer
was approaching Singapore, Rizal
saw a beautiful island. Fascinated by
its scenic beauty, he remembered
“Talim Island with Sudong Dalaga”.
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SINGAPORE TO COLOMBO
May 11, 1882- In Singapore Rizal
transferred to another ship
“Djemmah”, a French Steamer.
May 17, 1882 – The Djemmah
reached point Galle, a seacoast town
in southern Ceylon.
The general appearance of Point
Galle is picturesque but lonely and
quiet and at the same time sad.”
Colombo is more beautiful, smart
and elegant than Singapore, Point
Galle, and Manila.”
FIRST TRIP THROUGH SUEZ CANAL
 The Suez Canal was built by
Ferdinand de Lesseps
NAPLES AND MARSEILLES
 June 11, 1882 – From Port said, the
Djemnah proceeded on its way to
Europe.
 June 12, 1882 – The steamed docked
at the French Harbor of Marseilles.
BARCELONA
 June 15-16, 1882 – Rizal left
Marseilles by train for the last lap of
his trip to Spain.
“AMOR PATRIO”
 Rizal wrote a nationalistic essay
 He sent this to Basilio Teodoro
Moran, Publisher of Diariong
Tagalog.
 August 20, 1882 – Appeared in print
in Diariong Tagalog in two texts
Spanish and Tagalog under his pen
name “Laong Laan”
 “ LOS VIAJES” (Travels)
 “REVISTA DE MADRID (Review of
Madrid) – November 29, 1882.\
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RIZAL MOVES TO MADRID
Rizal received sad news about the
cholera that was ravaging Manila
and the provinces.
September 15, 1882, Paciano letter
about Calamba.
Letter to Changoy about Leonor
Rivera.
Letter from Paciano advised him to
finish the medical course in Madrid.
ROMANCE WITH CONSUELO
ORTIGA Y REY
 Rizal’s 4th Lovelife
 On Saturday evenings, he visites
home of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey who
lived with his son (Rafael) and
daughter (Consuelo).
 Rizal being a lonely young man in a
foreign country, was attracted by
Consuelo’s beauty and vivacity. He
even composed a lovely poem on
August 22, 1883 entitled “A La
Senorita C.O y R. he expressed his
admiration for her.
THEY ASKED ME FOR VERSES
 In 1882, shortly after his arrival in
Madrid, Rizal joined a “Circulo
Hispano-Filipino” (HispanoPhilippine Circle), a society of
Spaniard and Filipinos.
 Upon the request of the members,
he wrote a poem entitles “Me Piden
Versos” (They ask me for verses)
which he personally declaimed
during the new year’s eve
perception of the Madrid Filipinos
held in the evening of December 31,
1882.
RIZAL AS LOVER BOOKS
 A favorite pastime of Rizal in Madrid
was reading, He stayed home and
read voraciously until midnight.
 Rizal economized on his living
expense, and with the money he
saved, he purchase books from a
second-hand book store owned by a
certain Senor Roses. He was able to
build a fair-sized private library.
 Rizal was deeply affected by Beecher
Stowe’s “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” and
Eugene Sue’s “The wandering Jews”.
These books aroused his sympathy
for the oppressed and unfortunate
people.
RIZAL FIRST VISIT TO PARIS (1883)
 During his first summer vacation in
Madrid, Rizal went to Paris,
sojourning in this gay capital of
France from June 17 to August 22,
1883.
 Like all tourists, Rizal was charmingly
titillated by the attractive sights of
Paris,
 On the lighter side of his visit in
Paris, Rizal was mistaken by the
Parisians as a Japanese. The prices of
food, drinks, theatre, tickets, hotel,
and transportation were too high for
his slender purse so that he
commented in a letter to his family.
“Paris is the costliest capital in
Europe”.
RIZAL AS A MASON
 In Spain, Rizal came in close
contact with prominent Spanish
liberal and republican Spaniard who
were mostly Masons.
 Rizal was persuaded to join the
Masons by his friends. In 1883, he
joined the “Masonic Lodge Acacia”
in Madrid. His Masonic names was
Dimasalang
 Later he transferred to Lodge
Solidaridad (Madrid). Where he
became a Master Mason on
November 15, 1890, Sill later, on
February 15, 1892, he was awarded
the diploma as Master Mason by Le
Grand Orient de France in Paris.
 His only Masonic writing was a
lectured entitled “Science, Virtue,
Labor” which he delivered in 1889 at
Lodge Solidaridad, Madrid.
RIZAL’S SALUTE TO LUNA AND
HIDALGO
 June 25, 1884 – The banquet was
sponsored by the Filipino
community to celebrate the double
victory of the Filipino artist In the
National Exposition of Fine Arts in
Madrid- Luna’s Spolarium winning
first prize and Hidalgo’s Christian
Virgins exposed populace, second
prize.
 Rizal was invited to give the principal
speech on a banquet at “Restaurant
ingles” in honor of Luna and Hidalgo.
RIZAL INVOLVED IN STUDENT
DEMONSTRATIONS
 November 20-24, 1884 – The serene
city of Madrid exploded in bloody
riots by the students of the Central
University. Rizal and other Filipino
participated, together with Cuban,
Mexican and other Peruvian and
Spanish students in the tumult.
 They rioted in the city streets,
shouting “VIVA MORAYTA DOWN
WITH BISHOPS”! Practically all
students in various colleges (Law,
Medicine, Philosophy and Letter,
etc) joined the massive
demonstration, including Rizal,
Valentin Ventura.
STUDIES COMPLETED IN SPAIN
 Rizal completed his medical course
in Spain. He was conferred the
degree of Licentiate of Medicine by
the Universidad Central, de Madrid
on June 21, 1884.
 Rizal also finished his studies in
Philosophy and Letters, with higher
grades, He was awarded the degree
of Licentiate in Philosophy and
Letters by the Universidad de
Madrid on June 19, 1885 (his 24th
birthday). With the rating of
“excellent” (Sobresaliente).