To m y g r a n d c h i l d r e n S h e l l e y L o u i s e a n d M i c h a e l J o h n D a v i e s
By t h e s a m e a u t h o r
N e w n e s Circuit Calculations Pocket Book
Multiple Choice Questions in
Electronics and Electrical Engineering
Thomas J Davies
U
Ε
T T E R W O R T H
I Ν Ε Μ
Α
Ν
Ν
B u t t e r w o r t h - H e i n e m a n n Ltd
Linacre H o u s e , Jordan H i l l , O x f o r d O X 2 8 D P
A m e m b e r o f t h e Reed Elsevier g r o u p
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T O K YO
L O N D NO
N E W
B O S TNO
DELH
I
T O R O NO T
SINGAPO
ER
S Y D NYE
W E L L I N G NT O
First p u b l i s h e d 1 9 9 4
© T h o m a s J Davies Ί 9 9 4
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
D a v i e s , T h o m a s J.
M u l t i p l e C h o i c e Q u e s t i o n s in Electronics
a n d Electrical Engineering
I. Title
537.5076
ISBN 0 7 5 0 6 1 6 7 7 6
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication
Data
A c a t a l o g u e r e c o r d for this b o o k is a v a i l a b l e
f r o m t h e Library o f Congress
ISBN 0 7 5 0 6 1 6 7 7 6
C o m p o s i t i o n b y Genesis Typesetting, Rochester,
Kent
Printed a n d b o u n d in Great Britain
Preface
Multiple c h o i c e questions offer an excellent g u i d e
to progress during c o u r s e s at school a n d technical
colleges and they also p r o v i d e a very g o o d revision
tool prior to e x a m i n a t i o n s . S o m e e x a m i n a t i o n
boards set multiple c h o i c e p a p e r s as part of the e n d
of year e x a m i n a t i o n s .
This b o o k h a s b e e n written for students e m b a r k ing on courses in electronics a n d electrical e n g i neering and it should b e useful d u r i n g the first
three years. T h e 2 0 chapters are d e v o t e d to
individual topics a n d the a p p e n d i c e s p r o v i d e s o m e
s a m p l e papers suitable for the first year.
T h e study of electronics requires s o m e understanding of both m a t h e m a t i c s a n d p h y s i c s . It is a
r e q u i r e m e n t to b e able to u s e indices and transpose
formulas, for e x a m p l e , a n d C h a p t e r s 18, 19 and 2 0
are i n c l u d e d for this p u r p o s e .
Acknowledgements
I w o u l d like to thank the staff of the B o u r n e m o u t h
and P o o l e C o l l e g e of F u r t h e r E d u c a t i o n for their
support and also the publishers a n d in particular
M i s s Bridget B u c k l e y for all her helpful a d v i c e . I
w o u l d also like to thank m y family S u e , Glyn, J u d e
a n d C a r o l for all their h e l p a n d especially m y wife
E n i d for typing the c o m p l e t e work.
1
Resistors
1.1
Resistance is m e a s u r e d in
• a Volts
• b Amperes
• c Ohms
• d Watts
1.2
T h e resistance of a c o n d u c t o r is directly
proportional to
• a T h e length
• b T h e cross-sectional area
• c T h e velocity
•
1.3
1.4
d T h e pressure
1.7
C a r b o n has a negative t e m p e r a t u r e coefficient. T h i s m e a n s that the resistance of
carbon
• a Increases with t e m p e r a t u r e rise
• b D e c r e a s e s with t e m p e r a t u r e rise
• c Is unaffected by t e m p e r a t u r e
changes
• d Is the s a m e as the resistance of
copper
1.8
D o p e d silicon is classed as
• a A conductor
• b A semiconductor
T h e resistance of a c o n d u c t o r is inversely
proportional to
• a T h e length
•
•
b T h e resistivity
c T h e cross-sectional area
•
d T h e pressure
W h i c h of the following is a g o o d
ductor?
• a Porcelain
•
•
•
1.9
con-
Which of the following is a good insulator?
• a Aluminium
• b Ebonite
• c Iron
• d Steel
1.6
T h e resistance of a p u r e metal
• a Is unaffected by t e m p e r a t u r e
• b Increases with t e m p e r a t u r e rise
• c D e c r e a s e s with t e m p e r a t u r e rise
• d A l w a y s r e m a i n s constant
c A n insulator
•
d A n impurity
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a 3 3 0 0 ± 1 0 % resistor.
T h e colour b a n d s 1 to 4 are
• a B r o w n red blue silver
• b O r a n g e o r a n g e red silver
•
•
b Mica
c Copper
d Rubber
1.5
•
c O r a n g e red o r a n g e gold
d Yellow red green gold
1 2
1.10
3
4
If the resistor in Q u e s t i o n 1.9 has a value of
15 ± 2 % , the colour b a n d s 1 to 4 are
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
green
green
green
green
brown brown
b r o w n red
b r o w n gold
black red
2
Resistors
1.11
1.12
If the resistor in Q u e s t i o n 1.9 has a value of
0.82 ± 1%, the colour b a n d s 1 to 4 are
• a G r e y red silver b r o w n
• b R e d grey b r o w n silver
• c G r e y red b r o w n red
• d R e d grey b r o w n red
1.18
If the resistor in Q u e s t i o n 1.9 has a value of
1000 ± 5 % , the colour b a n d s 1 to 4 are
1.19
•
•
•
•
1.13
1.14
1.16
brown
gold
red
silver
1.20
A 1 M 8 M resistor has a value of
1.21
a
b
c
d
•
•
a 56 ± 10%
b 0.56 ± 1%
•
•
c 5.6 ± 2 %
d 5 6 0 ± 1%
A 120RJ resistor has a value of
• a 1.2 ± 1%
• b 12 ± 1 0 %
a 58 2 0 0
b 61600
•
•
c 65 000
d 68400
A n 8 2 0 R resistor with a tolerance of ± 1 0 %
has a resistance spread of
a
b
c
d
690-854
700-864
738-902
780-944
T h e physical size of a resistor determines
• a T h e voltage rating
• b T h e current rating
• c T h e p o w e r rating
d T h e t e m p e r a t u r e rating
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s t w o resistors connected
in series. T h e c o m b i n e d resistance R is
•
•
a 540R
b 620R
•
•
c 640R
d 700R
RI
R2
150R
150R
470R
470R
ZZMZZ
c 120 ± 5 %
d 1200 ± 2 %
W h i c h o n e of the
preferred value in
range?
• a 820
• b 2700
• c 4800
• d 5600
•
•
•
1.22
d 145
T h e u p p e r limit value of a 5 6 k K resistor
is
•
•
•
•
180 ± 5 %
180000 ± 10%
1 800000 ± 20%
18000 ± 2 %
If a resistor is s h o w n as R 5 6 F , the o h m i c
value is
•
•
1.17
B l a c k b r o w n red
B r o w n black red
R e d black b r o w n
B r o w n red black
•
A resistor is s h o w n on a circuit d i a g r a m as
l k 5 F . T h e o h m i c value is
• a 150 ± 1 0 %
• b 15 ± 5 %
• c 15 ± 2 %
• d 1500 ± 1%
U
•
•
•
1.15
a
b
c
d
T h e l o w e r limit value of a 150R ± 10%
resistor is
• a 115
• b 125
• c 135
R
R
following is not a
the ± 1 0 % resistor
1.23
If R in question 1.22 is c h a n g e d to 3 k 3 , the
x
c o m b i n e d resistance R is
• a 347R
• b 3470R
• c 3747R
• d 3770R
Resistors
1.24
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s t w o resistors c o n n e c t e d
1.29
3
If the radius of the c a b l e in Q u e s t i o n 1.27 is
increased to 3 m m , the length is a p p r o x -
in parallel. T h e c o m b i n e d resistance R is
imately
•
a 24R
•
b 26R
•
a 1020 m
•
c 28R
•
b 628 m
•
d 30R
•
c 822 m
•
d 426 m
Rl
1.30
40R
R2
approximately
•
•
•
•
60R
_R
1.25
If R in Q u e s t i o n 1.24 is c h a n g e d to 10R,
2
the c o m b i n e d resistance R is
• a 2R
•
•
•
1.26
2.6
3.3
4.0
4.7
mm
mm
mm
mm
If the cable in Q u e s t i o n 1.30 w a s d o u b l e d in
length, and it w a s a r e q u i r e m e n t to maintain
the s a m e p a r a m e t e r s , the radius of the cable
w o u l d n e e d to b e a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
a 3.48 m m
b 4.68 m m
•
•
c 10.68 m m
d 12.68 m m
T h e u p p e r limit resistance value of a 1 0 %
resistor is 5 1 7 0 Ω. T h e n o m i n a l value is
a 16 i l
•
a 4500 Ω
•
b 10 Ω
c 2 Ω
d 0.6 Ω
•
b 4600 Ω
•
•
c 4700 Ω
d 4800 Ω
•
If a cable has a resistance of 0.5 Ω, a radius
of 2-8m m a n d a specific resistance of 1.72 X
Ι Ο Ω ι η , the length is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
1.28
1.32
a
b
c
d
•
•
1.27
1.31
b 4.5R
c 8R
d 9.5R
T h e resistance of a cable 9 1 3 3 m long
h a v i n g a radius of 5 m m 8 and a specific
resistance of 1.72 Χ 1 0 " Ω π ι is a p p r o x imately
A cable is 4 0 0 m long a n d has a resistance
of 0.2 Ω. If the specific8 resistance of the
c o n d u c t o r is 1.72 X 10~ Ω η ι , the radius is
a
b
c
d
240
365
406
485
1.33
T h e l o w e r limit of a 5 % resistor is 2 0 9 Ω.
T h e n o m i n a l value is
• a 215 Ω
• b 220 Ω
• c 225 Ω
• d 230 Ω
1.34
T h e u p p e r limit of a 2 % resistor is 10 2 0 0 Ω
T h e n o m i n a l value is
• a 9200 Ω
m
m
m
m
If the resistance of the cable in Q u e s t i o n
1.27 is 2 Ω, the length is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 1461 m
• b 1524 m
• c 1595 m
• d 1611 m
•
•
•
b 9600 Ω
c 9800 Ω
d 10000 Ω
4
Resistors
1.35
T h e l o w e r limit of a 2 0 % resistor is 5 4 4 i l
T h e n o m i n a l value is
• a 680 Ω
• b 710 Ω
•
•
c 580 Ω
d 744 Ω
1.36
T h e upper limit of a 1% resistor is 101 Ω.
T h e n o m i n a l value is
• a 85 Ω
• b 90 Ω
• c 95 Ω
• d 100 Ω
1.37
T h e l o w e r limit of a 2 % resistor is 147 Ω
T h e n o m i n a l value is
•
•
•
•
1.38
1.39
1.40
a
b
c
d
150
160
148
152
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
A c o p p e r c o n d u c t o r has a resistance of 4 Ω
at 2 4 °C. If the t e m p e r a t u r e coefficient at
2 4 °C is 0.0039/°C, the resistance at 4 8 °C
is
•
•
a 4.25 Ω
b 4.29 Ω
•
•
c 4.33 Ω
d 4.37 Ω
If the resistor in Q u e s t i o n 1.38 h a d a
resistance of 12 Ω, the resistance at 4 8 °C
w o u l d be
• a 12.09 Ω
• b 13.12 Ω
• c 14.16 Ω
•
a 18°C
b 22°C
c 26°C
d 30°C
If the resistance of the c o n d u c t o r in Q u e s tion 1.40 h a d r e a c h e d 3.5 Ω, the approxi m a t e value of the t e m p e r a t u r e w o u l d b e
•
a 59.2 °C
•
b 58.7 °C
•
•
c 54.2 °C
d 53.6 °C
1.42
A c o n d u c t o r h a s a resistance of 10 Ω at
15 °C and a resistance of 10.6 Ω at 3 0 °C.
T h e t e m p e r a t u r e coefficient at 15 °C is
• a 0.0039/°C
• b 0.004/°C
• c 0.0042/°C
• d 0.0043/°C
1.43
F o u r resistors in series with values of l k 5 ,
3 k 3 , 3 k 9 and 4 k 7 will h a v e a c o m b i n e d
value of
• a 9k2
• b 10k4
• c 13k4
• d 15k6
1.44
F o u r resistors c o n n e c t e d in series h a v e a
c o m b i n e d resistance value of 885R. If three
of the resistors h a v e values of 150R, 3 3 0 R
and 3 9 0 R , the value of the fourth is
• a 10R
• b 15R
• c 68R
• d 120R
1.45
T w o resistors c o n n e c t e d in parallel h a v e a
c o m b i n e d resistance value of 21R. O n e
resistor has a value of 70R. T h e value of the
s e c o n d is
• a 30R
• b 35R
• c 60R
• d 70R
1.46
T h r e e resistors h a v i n g values of 120R,
150R and 3 3 0 R are c o n n e c t e d in parallel.
T h e c o m b i n e d resistance is approximately
• a 40.46R
• b 46.46R
• c 50.46R
• d 55.46R
d 14.29 Ω
A c o p p e r c o n d u c t o r has a resistance of 3 Ω
at 16 °C a n d a t e m p e r a t u r e coefficient of
0.0039/°C. If the t e m p e r a t u r e is raised until
the resistance is 3.16 Ω the a p p r o x i m a t e
value of the t e m p e r a t u r e then is
•
•
•
•
1.41
Resistors
1.47
T h r e e resistors are c o n n e c t e d in parallel.
1.53
1.48
1.49
and
the resistors h a v e values of 2 4 0 R and 6 0 0 R .
overall value of the resistance is
•
120R
•
b 3000 Ω ± 11.33%
•
b 240R
•
c 3000 Ω ± 11.66%
•
c 360R
•
d 3000 Ω ± 12.66%
•
d 400R
If the c o m b i n e d resistance in Q u e s t i o n 1.47
is 8 2 R 7 6 , the value of the third is
• a 100R
• b 160R
• c 180R
• d 200R
F o u r 6 8 0 R resistors are c o n n e c t e d in parallel. T h e c o m b i n e d resistance is
• a 170R
• b 280R
• c 340R
1.54
1.55
d 400R
T w o 150R ± 1 0 % resistors are c o n n e c t e d in
series. T h e overall resistance is
a
b
c
d
300R
300R
300R
300R
±
±
±
±
5%
10%
15%
20%
A 100R ± 5 % resistor is c o n n e c t e d in series
with a 150R ± 1 0 % resistor. T h e overall
resistance v a l u e is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
250R
250R
250R
250R
±
±
±
±
5%
10%
8%
7.5%
1.57
T h r e e resistors h a v i n g values of 100R ± 1 %,
100R ± 2 % a n d 100R ± 1 0 % are c o n n e c t e d
in series. T h e overall resistance value is
• a 3 0 0 R ± 1%
•
•
•
b 300R ± 3.33%
c 300R ± 2 %
d 300R ± 4.33%
T w o 100R ± 1 0 % resistors are c o n n e c t e d in
parallel. T h e overall resistance is
• a 45R ± 5%
•
•
•
1.56
1.52
a 3000 Ω ± 10.66%
a
•
•
•
•
1.51
IkOM are c o n n e c t e d in series. T h e
•
•
1.50
T h r e e resistors h a v i n g values of IkOJ, IkOK
T h e c o m b i n e d resistance is 120R. T w o of
T h e value of the third is
5
b 50R ± 5%
c 45R ± 10%
d 50R ± 10%
A 100R ± 1 0 % resistor is c o n n e c t e d in
parallel with a 100 R ± 2 0 % . T h e overall
tolerance of the c o m b i n e d resistance is
approximately
•
a ±10%
•
•
b ±15%
c ±20%
•
d ±25%
T h r e e 150R ± 1 0 % resistors are c o n n e c t e d
in parallel. T h e c o m b i n e d resistance is
• a 50R ± 3.33%
•
b 50R ± 5%
•
•
c 50R ± 6.67%
d 50R ± 10%
F o u r resistors c o n n e c t e d in parallel h a v e an
equivalent resistance value of 7 5 R . T h r e e of
the resistors h a v e values of 4 0 0 R , 3 0 0 R and
150R. T h e value of the fourth is
•
•
a 800R
b IkO
•
•
c
d
lk2
lk4
6
Resistors
1.58
In the d i a g r a m the value of the overall
resistance R is
•
•
a 30R
b 36R
•
c 40R
•
d 66R
1.62
Resistor R in Q u e s t i o n 1.60 is c h a n g e d in
x
order to m a k e the value of R 187R5. T h e
value of R] is
•
a 50R
•
•
b 75R
c 100R
•
d
150R
Rl
1.63
3
In the d i a g r a m the value of the overall
R resistance R is
80R
•
a 75R
•
•
•
b 90R
c 98R
d 100R
2ÛR
I
1.59
R2
Resistor R in Q u e s t i o n 1.58 is c h a n g e d in
2
order to m a k e the value of R 84R. T h e value
of R is
2
• a 100R
• b 200R
• c 240R
•
1.60
I
. R
a
b
c
d
L
1.64
200R
150R
450R
300R
Rl
R2
150R
450R
1.61
I
Resistor /?j in Q u e s t i o n 1.63 is c h a n g e d in
order to m a k e the value of R 6 8 0 R . T h e
value of R] is
• a 660R
•
•
b 590R
c 470R
•
d 330R
1.66
Resistor R in Q u e s t i o n 1.63 is c h a n g e d in
3
order to m a k e the value of R 166R. T h e
value of R is
3
• a 440R
• b 480R
• c 520R
• d 600R
I
Resistor R in Q u e s t i o n 1.60 is c h a n g e d in
2
order to m a k e the value of R 21 OR. T h e
value of R is
2
• a 330R
• b 450R
• c 750R
• d 550R
R
Resistor R in Q u e s t i o n 1.63 is c h a n g e d in
2
order to m a k e the value of R 9 4 R . T h e value
of R is
2
• a 60R
• b 70R
• c 80R
• d 82R
300R
R
'
60R
1.65
R3
I
*2Z
40R
d 320R
In t h e d i a g r a m the v a l u e of t h e overall
resistance R is
•
•
•
•
DO
10R
Resistors
1.67
Resistor R
4 in Q u e s t i o n 1.63 is c h a n g e d in
1.72
In the d i a g r a m the value of the overall
resistance is
order to m a k e the value of R 4 7 0 R . T h e
4 is
•
a 80R25
•
a 390R
•
b 87R35
•
b 410R
•
c 91R15
•
c 430R
•
d 93R75
•
d 450R
value of R
1.68
In the d i a g r a m the value of the overall
resistance R is
•
•
a 300R
b 400R
•
•
c 500R
d 600R
1.69
RI
R3
2Q0R
400R
R2
R4
1.70
600R
R.
I
a
b
c
d
x
2
45R
50R
60R
65R
Resistor R in Q u e s t i o n 1.68 is c h a n g e d in
3
order to m a k e the value of R 5 6 0 R . T h e
value of R is
3
• a IkO
•
•
•
b
c
d
1.74
lkl
lk2
lk4
R3
75R
50R
25R
250R
R
1.75
I
Resistor R
x in Q u e s t i o n 1.72 is c h a n g e d in
order to m a k e the value of R 1 8 7 R 5 . T h e
value of R is
x
•
•
a 675R
b 700R
•
•
c 750R
d 800R
Resistor R in Q u e s t i o n 1.73 is c h a n g e d in
2
order to m a k e the value of R 2 1 8 R 7 5 . T h e
value of R is
•
•
•
•
500R
600R
700R
800R
Resistor R in Q u e s t i o n 1.68 is c h a n g e d in
2
order to m a k e the v a l u e of R 2 8 0 R . T h e
value of R is
•
•
•
•
1.71
1.73
HZZH
800R
a
b
c
d
R2
I
Resistor R in Q u e s t i o n 1.68 is c h a n g e d in
x
order to m a k e the value of R 6 4 0 R . T h e
value of R is
•
•
•
•
Rl
R4
HZZH
1
7
a
b
c
d
2
lk5
lk6
lk65
lk75
Resistor R in Q u e s t i o n 1.73 is c h a n g e d in
3
order to m a k e the value of R 2 2 5 R . T h e
value of R is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
3
2kl5
2kl25
4kl25
4k25
2
2.1
DC voltages and circuits
A voltage of 0.0025 V e x p r e s s e d in m i c r o volts is
•
•
•
•
2.2
a
b
c
d
25 μν
2 5 0 μν
2.5 μν
2 5 0 0 μν
A voltage of 8 0 0 m V e x p r e s s e d in volts is
• a 0.008 V
• b 0.08 V
• c 0.8 V
•
2.6
2.7
d 8.0 V
If 2.4 J are required to m o v e 15 C from
point A to point Β in a circuit, the potential
difference b e t w e e n the t w o points is
• a 0.12 V
•
•
b 0.16 V
c 6.25 V
•
d 6.75 V
A current of 0.5 A is m e a s u r e d at a circuit
point o v e r a p e r i o d of 2 min. T h e charge
that has p a s s e d that point is
• a 10C
• b 20 C
• c 40 C
•
2.3
A voltage of 0.36 m V e x p r e s s e d in m i c r o volts is
• a 3 6 0 μν
•
•
•
2.8
b 36 μν
c 3.6 μν
d 3 6 0 0 μν
3
2.4
A voltage of 8 0 0 Χ 1 0
millivolts is
• a 80 m V
• b 800 m V
• c 8.0 m V
• d 8000 m V
2.5
A voltage of 0.25 k V e x p r e s s e d in volts is
• a 2.5 V
• b 25 V
• c 250 V
• d 2500 V
μν
e x p r e s s e d in
d 60 C
If the current at a circuit point is 0.25 A, the
t i m e for 7.5 C to flow is
•
a 30 s
•
•
•
b 35 s
c 3.5 s
d 2.5 s
2.9
If the p a r a m e t e r s in Q u e s t i o n 2.8 are 100
m A a n d 0.5 C, the t i m e is
• a 0.5 s
• b 5.0 s
• c 50 s
• d 500 s
2.10
If there is a flow of 3 6 0 C in a resistor o v e r
a p e r i o d of 3 0 m i n , the current is
• a 200 m A
• b 360 mA
• c 2 A
• d 20 A
DC voltages and circuits
2.11
If the p a r a m e t e r s for Q u e s t i o n 2.10 are 6 0
2.17
m C a n d 2 h o u r s , t h e c u r r e n t is
•
2.13
b 30 W
• ft 6.67 μ Α
•
c 120 W
•
c 7.33 μ Α
•
d 2 W
•
d 8.33 μ Α
a 20 μ Α
•
a 0.002 A
•
•
b 0.02 A
•
b 200 μ Α
•
c 0.2 A
•
c 20 m A
•
d 2.0 A
•
d 5 A
A current of 6 0 μ A e x p r e s s e d in m i l l i a m p s
2.19
T h e input p o w e r in Q u e s t i o n 2.18 is
•
•
a 12 W
• ft 2 0 W
a 600 m A
H m A
•
c 22 W
•
c 0.6 m A
•
d 600 W
•
d 0.06 m A
•
2.20
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s t w o resistors c o n n e c t e d
A p o w e r of 0.05 M W e x p r e s s e d in kilowatts
in parallel and driven by a D C supply. T h e
is
current / is
a 0.2 A
a 0.5 k W
•
•
b 5 kW
• ft 2.4 A
•
c 50 k W
•
c 3.6 A
d 500 k W
•
d 4.0 A
•
•
2.15
If the resistor in Q u e s t i o n 2.16 is c h a n g e d to
2 4 R , the input current is then
A current of 2 0 m A e x p r e s s e d in a m p s is
is
2.14
a 240 W
•
2.18
2.12
T h e input p o w e r in Q u e s t i o n 2.16 is
a 4.33 μ Α
•
η
3 is equivalent to
A p o w e r of 12 m W
•
a 12 Χ 1 0 " 6 W
•
ft
•
c 12 Χ 1 0 6 W
•
d 12 Χ 1 0
RL
^ZZD—:
12 X 10~3 W
R2
a 2 A
b 0.2 A
•
c 0.5 A
•
d 2 mA
I
1
1
120 J
60R '
\/ =
D 8
ΐ/χ
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a single resistor c o n nected to a D C supply. T h e current / is
•
•
~~|
HR —= I =
L >
Γε
W
I
2.16
9
2.21
2.22
V = 2 4
I
In Q u e s t i o n 2.20 the v a l u e of current I
•
a 10 m A
•
ft
•
c 1.0 A
•
d 2.0 A
x
is
100 m A
In Q u e s t i o n 2.20 the value of current I is
2
• a 2.0 A
• ft 3.0 A
•
•
c 200 m A
d 300 m A
10
2.23
DC voltages and circuits
In Question 2.20 the input p o w e r is
• a 20 W
• b 46 W
• c 80 W
•
•
2.26
x in
c 180 W
d 200 W
In Q u e s t i o n 2.20 the p o w e r dissipated in R
x
is
2.25
T h e value of the p o w e r c o n s u m e d in R
Q u e s t i o n 2.26 is
• a 100 W
U b 160 W
d 96 W
•
2.24
2.29
•
a 24 W
•
•
b 48 W
c 60 W
•
d 80 W
2.30
In Question 2.20 the p o w e r dissipated in R
2
is
• a 60 W
•
* 72 W
•
•
c 78 W
d 82 W
2.31
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a series circuit. T h e
value of / is
• a 6 A
• £ 4 A
• c 2 A
• J 1 A
Rl
2R
T h e value of the p o w e r c o n s u m e d by R in
2
Q u e s t i o n 2.26 is
• a 240 W
•
•
b 260 W
c 280 W
•
d 300 W
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a parallel circuit. T h e
value of current / is
• a 1.5 A
• b 2.0 A
• c 2.5 A
• d 3.0 A
—I
g
I
,
R
6 OR
12
-^H
3
4 OR
1
R
13
3R
Γ-{ΖΖΖΗ~^ΉΖΖΖΗ
4 0R
VI
R
60
2V
R
20
3V
I
3V 6
I
l /\
2 40
V
2.32
2.27
T h e value of V in Q u e s t i o n 2.26 is
3
• a 40 V
•
•
•
2.28
The
2.26
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
b 60 V
c 20V
d 10 V
value of the input p o w e r in Q u e s t i o n
is
a 70 W
b 140 W
c 200 W
d 480 W
T h e value of the current I in Question 2.31
2
is
• a 600 m A
2.33
b 750 m A
c 900 m A
d 920 m A
T h e value of the current I in Q u e s t i o n 2.31
3
is
• a 1.5 A
• b 1.75 A
• c 2.25 A
• d 2.5 A
DC voltages and circuits
2.34
T h e value of the p o w e r c o n s u m e d by R in
x
Q u e s t i o n 2.31 is
•
•
•
•
2.35
2.37
2.38
W
W
W
W
2.41
d 33.6 W
•
•
•
a 33.33R
b 47.67R
c 81.08R
•
d
120.33R
2.42
T h e c o m b i n e d value of four resistors connected in parallel is 4 0 R . If three of the
resistors h a v e values of 80R, 160R and
2 0 0 R , the v a l u e of the fourth is
•
•
•
a 360R
b 480R
c 640R
•
d 800R
A n a m m e t e r gives full scale deflection with
a current of 2 0 m A , and it has a coil
resistance of 4 Ω. T h e value of the shunt
resistance required to e n a b l e it to read u p to
2
2 A is
•
•
2
Ω
2
b 4 . 0 4 X 10~ Ω
c 6.2 Χ Ι Ο " 3 Ω
•
d 5.4 Χ ΙΟ" Ω
•
F o u r resistors h a v i n g values of 150R, 2 5 0 R ,
IkO and l k 5 are c o n n e c t e d in parallel. T h e
c o m b i n e d resistance is
a 4.8 Χ Ι Ο
If the m e t e r in Q u e s t i o n 2.40 is required to
read u p to 10 A, the shunt resistance
3
required is
•
a 8.0 Χ 1 0 " 2 Ω
•
•
•
b 6.0 Χ Ι Ο " 4 Ω
c 9.0 Χ 1 0 " 3 Ω
d 3.0 Χ Ι Ο " Ω
A voltmeter h a v i n g a resistance of 2 0 k 0 is
used to m e a s u r e the voltage b e t w e e n points
A and Β in the d i a g r a m s h o w n . T h e m e t e r
will indicate a voltage of
•
•
•
•
a 20 V
b 60 V
80V
d 100 V
c
+200 V Λ
r
A m e t e r gives a full scale deflection with a
current of 0.5 m A , and it has a resistance of
0.5 Ω. T h e series resistance n e e d e d for it to
read u p to 2 V is
•
•
•
•
2.39
20.5
21.6
22.4
24.2
T h e value of the p o w e r c o n s u m e d by R in
2
Q u e s t i o n 2.31 is
• a 20.5 W
• b 30.2 W
• c 32.4 W
•
2.36
a
b
c
d
2.40
a
b
c
d
E
i
_
10k0
B
η
3999R5
4000R
5000R5
5500R
If the m e t e r in Q u e s t i o n 2.38 is required to
read u p to 10 V, the series resistance w o u l d
n e e d to be
• a 1999R
• b 1999R5
• c 19999R
• d 19999R5
11
τ
2.43
—
10k0
0 V
If the voltmeter in Q u e s t i o n 2.42 has a
resistance of lOOkO, the voltage indicated
is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
75.3 V
89.2 V
90.43 V
95.23 V
12
2.44
DC voltages and circuits
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a series-parallel circuit.
T h e value of / is
2.50
• a 1.5 A
• ft 2.4 A
•
•
•
2.51
VI
21
7" -
I
•
R
I
3V
~
*
V
2.46
In Question 2.44 the value of V is
2
• a 9 V
• ft 10 V
• c 12 V
• d 22 V
In Q u e s t i o n 2.44 the value of V
•
•
•
•
a 6 V
ft 10 V
c 12 V
J 15 V
c 45 W
J 55 W
I
3 6
2.52
2.45
In Q u e s t i o n 2.44 the p o w e r c o n s u m e d by R
4
is
•
•
2 ^ V
I
d 30.25 W
• a 25 W
• ft 35 W
5
4R
I /\
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a W h e a t s t o n e bridge
w h i c h is in b a l a n c e . T h e value of the
u n k n o w n resistor R is
4
• a 15k0
•
•
•
ft 2 2 k 0
c 33kO
d 47k0
3 is
1 2 0 R/
R
3\
/
\
1 K 2 V<
2.47
In Q u e s t i o n 2.44 the value of I
•
a 0.5 A
.\
/
\ 4 7K
/ R4
// Κ
x is
• ft 0.75 A
• c 1.0 A
• d 1.25 A
2.48
In Question 2.44 the value of I is
2
• a 1.75 A
• ft 2.0 A
• c 2.25 A
• d 2.5 A
2.49
In Question 2.44 the p o w e r c o n s u m e d by R
2
is
• a 2.4 W
2.53
If the bridge in Q u e s t i o n 2.52 is balanced,
with R c h a n g e d to 6 8 0 R , the value of R
2
4
is
•
•
•
•
2.54
• ft 6.75 W
• c 8.2 W
• d 9.5 W
3
U.a 20.25 W
• ft 24.25 W
• c 24.75 W
c 2.8 A
d 3.0 A
4R
In Q u e s t i o n 2.44 the p o w e r c o n s u m e d by R
is
a
ft
c
d
4k7
6k8
5k6
3k3
Six resistors are c o n n e c t e d in parallel. T h r e e
h a v e values of l k 4 4 and three h a v e values
of 4 8 0 R . T h e c o m b i n e d resistance is
• a 100R
• ft 120R
• c 200R
• d 240R
DC voltages and circuits
2.55
F i v e l k 5 resistors are c o n n e c t e d in parallel.
2.60
It is a r e q u i r e m e n t to a d d a sixth resistor in
2.56
Q u e s t i o n 2.56 is
•
b i n e d resistance of 21 OR. T h e value of the
•
b 66.67 W
additional resistor is
•
c 69.33 W
•
d 72.67 W
a 550R
•
ft
•
c 700R
•
d 800R
a 50.33 W
650R
2.61
•
•
•
•
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a series-parallel circuit.
T h e value of current / is
•
•
a 6.67 A
b 8.33 A
•
•
c 10.67 A
d 13.33 A
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a series-parallel circuit.
T h e value of R is
a
b
c
d
16R
24R
36R
48R
4
Rl
rCZZh
HZZH
4A
1 2R
2R
I
2.59
_
tZF
4R
V
60
I
0 1 2V
I
2.63
c 4.33 A
d 4.67 A
T h e value of the voltage V in Q u e s t i o n 2.56
x
is
• a 50 V
• b 70 V
• c 90V
• d 100 V
T h e value of the p o w e r dissipated in R in
x
Q u e s t i o n 2.56 is
• a 900 W
• ft 1000 W
• c 1100 W
• d 1200 W
T h e voltage across resistor R
2.61
•
•
•
•
V 2^
T h e value of current I in Q u e s t i o n 2.56 is
2
• a 3.33 A
• * 3.93 A
•
•
2.58
2.62
R6
3 0R
IV
R
48
4R
3R
KZZD
/ \
Φ
1
Γ ^ ~ Ί
T?
->—I
3R
rfZDi
1 2R
R2
2.57
3 in
T h e value of the p o w e r dissipated in R
parallel with the n e t w o r k to give a c o m -
•
13
is
a 18 V
b 16 V
c 20V
d 12 V
x in Q u e s t i o n
T h e p o w e r c o n s u m e d by R in Q u e s t i o n
2
2.61 is
•
a 12 W
•
•
•
ft 15 W
c 28 W
d 36 W
2.64
The
2.61
•
•
•
•
2.65
If R in Q u e s t i o n 2.61 is c h a n g e d so that the
4
input current is 1.714 A, the value of 7? is
4
• a 24R
• ft 4 8 R
• c 64R
• d 96R
p o w e r c o n s u m e d by R in Q u e s t i o n
4
is
a 20 W
ft 144 W
c 240 W
J 280 W
14
2.66
DC voltages and circuits
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a four-resistor n e t w o r k .
T h e v a l u e of the current flowing in the 6 R
resistor is
a 2 A
•
b 4 A
•
•
a 0.623 A
b 0.658 A
•
•
c 6 A
d 8 A
•
•
c 0.706 A
d 0.714 A
96v
I '
Ρ- τ
2.68
2.69
V
1I
In Q u e s t i o n 2.66 the current flowing in the
8 R resistor is
• a 4 A
• b 6 A
• c 8 A
• J 10 A
If the battery voltage in Q u e s t i o n 2.66 is
increased to 108 V, the current flowing in
the 6 R resistor b e c o m e s
a
b
c
d
Τ
8R
In Q u e s t i o n 2.66 the current flowing in the
12R resistor is
• a 2 A
• b 3 A
• c 4A
• d 5 A
•
•
•
•
2.70
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a n e t w o r k containing
t w o batteries. T h e current flowing through
t h e 5 R resistor is
•
-Lt-
2.67
2.71
2.72
2.73
"
τ
' Ύ
T h e current flowing t h r o u g h the 10R resistor in Q u e s t i o n 2.71 is
• a 0.643 A
• b 0.683 A
•
•
c 0.723 A
d 0.753 A
T h e current flowing t h r o u g h the 2 0 R resistor in Q u e s t i o n 2.71 is
• a 0.06 A
•
b 0.064 A
•
•
c 0.069 A
d 0.071 A
2.74
The
rails
•
•
•
•
2.75
A 2 4 0 - V 6 0 - W electric light bulb has a
filament resistance of
• a 120 Ω
• b 240 Ω
• c 480 Ω
• d 960 Ω
8.5 A
9.0 A
10.0 A
10.5 A
If the battery voltage in Q u e s t i o n 2.66 is
increased to 108 V, the current flowing in
the 4 R resistor b e c o m e s
• a 6.5 A
• b 3.5 A
• c 7.5 A
• d 4.5 A
τ
2R
0
voltage b e t w e e n the top a n d b o t t o m
of the n e t w o r k in Q u e s t i o n 2.71 is
a 2.62 V
b 4.53 V
c 6.43 V
d 7.2S V
3
AC voltages
3.1
Alternating
3.3
can
be
plotted
3.7
•
a
•
b -0.5
a 0 . 4 9 5 4 rad
•
c 0.5
•
d
•
c 0.8661 rad
•
d 0 . 9 2 3 2 rad
8
3 6 0 ° e x p r e s s e d in r a d i a n s is
•
a TT/4 rad
•
b 7Γ rad
•
c 2ττ rad
•
d 4TT r a d
•
a 3.055 rad
•
b 4.024 rad
•
c 5.033 r a d
•
d 6.128 rad
TT rad e x p r e s s e d in d e g r e e s is
•
a 60°
•
b 90°
•
c
150°
•
d
180°
•
a
100.24°
•
b
103.119°
•
c
106.27°
•
d 204.43 °
6 . 2 8 4 r a d e x p r e s s e d in d e g r e e s is
•
a 270°
a TT/3 rad
•
b
105°
•
b TT/6 r a d
•
c
360°
•
c ΊΤ/2 rad
•
d
120°
•
d 4TT/3 r a d
30 ° e x p r e s s e d in r a d i a n s is
3.11
3.6
-1.0
9 rad e x p r e s s e d in d e g r e e s is
1.8
175 ° e x p r e s s e d in r a d i a n s is
•
3.5
1.0
• ft 0 . 7 8 5 5 rad
3.10
3.4
T h e sin of 3ττ/2 rad is
radians is
•
3.2
waveforms
against d e g r e e s or r a d i a n s ; 4 5 ° e x p r e s s e d in
7.0 r a d e x p r e s s e d in d e g r e e s is a p p r o x imately
4 5 0 ° e x p r e s s e d in r a d i a n s is
a 302°
•
a 7.855
•
•
b 8.824
• ft 4 0 1 °
•
c 8.932
•
c 506°
•
d 9.461
•
d 550°
T h e sin of 5ττ/6 r a d is
3.12
5TT/6 r a d e x p r e s s e d in d e g r e e s is
•
a 0.1
•
a 65°
•
b 0.5
•
ft
•
c 0.866
•
c
125°
•
d
1.0
•
d
150°
85°
16
3.13
AC voltages
T h e sin of 2ττ rad is
• a 0
• ft 1.0
•
•
3.19
c 2.0
d 3.0
A sinusoidal voltage has an instantaneous
v a l u e of - 2 4 0 V at 2 7 0 ° . T h e m a x i m u m
value is
• a 200 V
• ft 6 0 V
•
•
3.14
3.15
3.16
T h e sin of H T T / 6 rad
•
a 0
•
•
•
ft 0.5
c -0.5
d -1.0
is
a 1.62 V
•
•
•
ft 1.86 V
c 2.02 V
d 12 V
3.18
3.21
•
c -120 V
•
d -240 V
If the w a v e f o r m in Q u e s t i o n 3.15 h a d a
m a x i m u m value of 5 0 V, the instantaneous
value at 2 0 0 ° w o u l d be
• a -17.1 V
• ft 34.2 V
• c -64.2 V
• d 120 V
If the w a v e f o r m in Q u e s t i o n 3.15 h a d an
instantaneous value of - 3 1 . 1 8 V at 2 4 0 ° ,
the m a x i m u m value w o u l d b e
• a 20 V
• ft 3 0 V
• c 36V
• d 40 V
A voltage sine w a v e h a v i n g a m a x i m u m
value of 100 V is plotted from 0 ° to 3 6 0 ° .
T h e w a v e f o r m will h a v e an instantaneous
value of 86.6 V at
•
•
a 20°
ft 4 0 °
•
•
c 45°
d 60°
If the w a v e f o r m in Q u e s t i o n 3.20 has a
m a x i m u m value of 3 0 0 V, an instantaneous
value of - 2 5 9 . 8 V will occur at
• a 190°
• ft 2 7 0 °
•
•
If the w a v e f o r m in Q u e s t i o n 3.15 h a d a
m a x i m u m value of 2 4 0 V, the instantaneous
value at 9 0 ° w o u l d be
• a 0 V
• ft 2 4 0 V
3.17
3.20
A voltage sine w a v e h a v i n g a m a x i m u m
value of 24 V is plotted from 0 ° to 3 6 0 ° .
T h e instantaneous value at 3 0 ° is
•
c 240 V
d 120 V
3.22
c 300°
d 360°
A sine w a v e has an r.m.s. value of 4 5 V. T h e
p e a k value is
• a 52.26
• ft 5 9 . 1 8
• c 60.23
• d 63.64
3.23
A sine w a v e h a s an r.m.s. value of 100 V.
T h e p e a k to p e a k value is
• a 282.84 V
• ft 3 0 0 V
• c 322.42 V
•
3.24
V
V
V
V
d 340 V
T h e d o m e s t i c m a i n s supply has a value of
2 4 0 V r.m.s. T h e p e a k value is approximately
• a 280 V
• ft 3 0 0 V
•
•
c 320 V
d 340 V
AC voltages
3.25
T h e p e a k to p e a k value of the d o m e s t i c
3.32
3.26
3.27
• ft 6 0 0 V
•
a 200
•
c 640 V
•
ft
•
d 680 V
•
c 600
•
d 800
A n oscillator p r o d u c e s a sine w a v e with an
r.m.s. value of 1.5 mV. T h e p e a k value is
•
•
•
a 2.0 m V
b 2.12 m V
c 4.24 m V
•
d 5.2 m V
3.33
•
a 10 V
ft 15 V
c 20V
d 25 V
3.34
A sinusoidal voltage h a v i n g a value of 2 0 0 0
V r.m.s. w o u l d h a v e a p e a k to p e a k value of
approximately
• a 4000
• ft 5 6 5 6
• c 6000
• d 6666
V
V
V
V
A sine w a v e has an r.m.s. value of 150
3.35
3.30
3.31
a 0.21
•
ft
•
c 0.8
•
d
0.26
1.2
3.36
A sinusoidal voltage h a s a p e a k to p e a k
value of 4 . 0 V. T h e r.m.s. value is
• a 1.0 V
• ft 1.02 V
• c 1.414 V
• d 2.0 V
A sine w a v e h a s a p e a k value of 2 4 0 V. T h e
r.m.s. value is
•
•
•
•
a
ft
c
d
169.7 V
180 V
192.7 V
200 V
A sine w a v e has a p e a k to p e a k value of 0.5
•
a
111
•
ft
200
•
c
111
•
d 225
A sine w a v e h a v i n g a p e a k voltage of 7.5
m V will h a v e an r.m.s. value in microvolts
of a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
a 2062
ft 4 6 1 2
c 4823
•
d 5303
A sine w a v e h a v i n g a p e a k voltage of 0 . 0 0 4
m V will h a v e an r.m.s. v a l u e in n a n o v o l t s
of
•
•
•
•
μν.
T h e p e a k value in millivolts is
•
300
mV. T h e r.m.s. value in microvolts is
If a sine w a v e has an r.m.s. value of 7.07 V,
the p e a k to p e a k value is
•
3.29
imately
a 560 V
•
•
3.28
A sine w a v e h a s a p e a k value of 0.85 mV.
T h e r.m.s. v a l u e in microvolts is a p p r o x -
m a i n s supply is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
17
480
2400
2828
3000
A sine w a v e has a p e a k to p e a k value of 0.3
mV. T h e r.m.s. value in microvolts is
approximately
•
•
•
•
3.37
a
ft
c
d
a
ft
c
d
106
126
146
206
A w a v e f o r m h a s a frequency of 2 5 0 H z . T h e
periodic t i m e in s e c o n d s is
•
•
•
•
a
ft
c
d
0.02
0.04
0.004
0.008
18
3.38
AC voltages
T h e periodic t i m e of the w a v e f o r m
Q u e s t i o n 3.37 in milliseconds is
• a 20
• b 40
•
•
in
c 8
d 4
3.39
A sine w a v e has a frequency of 1 k H z . T h e
periodic t i m e in m i c r o s e c o n d s is
• a 250
• b 500
• c 750
• d 1000
3.40
T h e domestic m a i n s has a frequency
5 0 H z . T h e periodic time is
• a 0.5 s
3.41
3.42
3.45
•
•
b 2.5 s
c 20 ms
•
d 20
of
a 0.4
b 40
c 140
d 400
c 3.4 k H z
•
d 10 k H z
A w a v e f o r m has a periodic time of 0.25 m s .
T h e frequency is
• a 1000 H z
• b 2000 Hz
• c 3000 Hz
• d 4000 Hz
3.47
A n oscillator p r o d u c e s a sine w a v e with a
periodic t i m7e of 100 ns. T h e frequency is
• a 1 0 6H z
• b 1 0 5H z
• c 1 0 4H z
•
T h e output of an oscillator has a frequency
of 2.5 M H z . T h e periodic time in m i c r o seconds is
•
•
•
•
3.46
^
A voltage w a v e f o r m has a frequency of 150
3
k H z . T h e periodic time
in milliseconds is
• a 6.67 Χ 1 0 3
• b 6.67 Χ 1 0 "4
• c 6.67 Χ 1 0 4
• d 6.67 X 1 0 "
•
A sine w a v e h a s a periodic t i m e of 4 0 0 μ$.
T h e frequency is
• a 800 Hz
• b 2.5 k H z
3.48
10 Hz
If the periodic time in Q u e s t i o n 3.47 is
6 will then b e
halved, the frequency
• a 0.5 X 170 H z
• b 2 X 1 0 H7z
•
•
3.49
d
c 0.5 X 150 H z
d 2 X 10 Hz
R a d i o 4 has a w a v e l e n g t h of 1500 m. T h e
frequency is
• a 200 Hz
• b 800 Hz
•
•
c 100 k H z
d 200 kHz
3.43
T h e periodic t i m e for Q u e s t i o n 3.42
n a n o s e c o n d s is
• a 1400
• b 4000
• c 200
• d 400
in
3.50
A w a v e l e n g t h of 2 5 m c o r r e s p o n d s to a
6
frequency of
5
• a 10 Hz
• b 1.5 X 1 0 7H z
• c 1.2 8X 1 0 H z
• d 10 Hz
3.44
A w a v e f o r m has a periodic time of 12.5 m s .
T h e frequency is
• a 25 H z
• b 75 H z
• c 80Hz
• d 125 H z
3.51
A w a v e l e n g t h of 3 7 5 m is equivalent to a
frequency of
• a 200 kHz
• b 400 kHz
• c 800 kHz
• d 900 kHz
AC voltages
3.52
A sine w a v e has a w a v e l e n g t h of 2 0 c m . T h e
3.59
9
frequency is
8
• a 1.5 X 1 0 H z
• ft 4.5 7X 1 0 H z
• c 1 0 4H z
•
d
19
A frequency of 2.5 k H z h a s a w a v e l e n g t h
of
10 Hz
•
a 120 m
•
b 250 m
•
c 250 km
•
d 120 k m
6
3.53
5
A n infra-red
signal has a w a v e l e n g t h of 3 X
3.60
10~ m . T h e5 frequency is
3.54
3.55
A frequency of 1 0 H z c o r r e s p o n d s to a
w a v e l e n g t h of
•
•
a
b
1 0 8H z
1 0 1H z0
•
•
a 10 m
b 150 m
•
•
c
d
1 0 1 H3z
10 Hz
•
•
c 300 m
d 600 m
A transmitter is radiating a signal with a
w a v e l e n g t h of 0.25 m . T h e frequency is
3.61
A frequency of 95 M H z h a s a w a v e l e n g t h
of
•
a 100 M H z
•
a 1.64 m
•
b 200 kHz
•
c 1200 M H z
•
•
b 2.53 m
c 2.92 m
•
d 1500 k H z
•
d 3.16 m
T h e frequency of the transmitter in Q u e s tion 3.54 in gigahertz is
•
•
a 0.1
b 1.2
•
•
c 12
d 100
3.62
A w a v e f o r m of 1 G H z h a s a w a v e l e n g t h
of
•
•
•
a 0.3 m
b 1.3 m
c 2.3 m
•
d 2.6 m
8
3.56
A n ultraviolet ray has a w a v e l e n g t h of 10~
, 0
m . T h e frequency
is
•
•
a 10 Hz 1 2
b 2 X 1 0 1 H6z
•
•
c 3 X 1 02 H z
d 4 X 10 Hz
3.63
A sine w a v e has a p e a k voltage of 25 V. T h e
a v e r a g e value is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
a 16 V
ft 17 V
c 18 V
•
d 19 V
- 21
3.57
A c o s m i c ray h a s a w a v e l e n g t h of 3 Χ 1 0
2 0 is
m . T h e frequency
• a 1 0 , H5z
• b 1 08 H z
• c 1 0 6H z
• d 10 Hz
3.64
T h e form factor
Q u e s t i o n 3.63 is
• a 0.8
• ft 1.1
• c 2.1
• d 2.3
3.58
A frequency of 100 H z has a w a v e l e n g t h
6
of
• a 10 m 6
• b 3 Χ7 1 0 m
• c 10 m 8
• d 4 Χ 10 m
3.65
A sine w a v e has an r.m.s. value of 100 V.
T h e a v e r a g e value is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 50 V
• ft 7 0 V
• c 80V
• d 90 V
for
the
waveform
in
20
3.66
AC voltages
T h e average
V. T h e p e a k
• a 160
• ft 2 2 0
• c 240
•
3.67
3.68
•
•
b 200 V
c 180 V
•
d 160 V
A sine w a v e with a p e a k voltage of 3 0 V is
applied to a half-wave rectifier. A s s u m i n g
n o losses, the m e a n D C output voltage is
• a 6.32 V
a
ft
c
d
25
15
10
7.5
T h e output r.m.s. voltage in Question 3.70
is
• a 16.41 V
• ft 17.67 V
•
•
3.72
A square w a v e c o m p r i s e s
• a T h e fundamental plus all odd
•
•
3.73
•
•
•
•
3.74
V
V
V
V
If the voltage in Q u e s t i o n 3.68 is applied to
a full-wave rectifier, the m e a n D C output
voltage is
• a 19.1 V
• ft 20.2 V
• c 23.4 V
• d 24.5 V
3.75
harmonics
c All o d d h a r m o n i c s
d All e v e n h a r m o n i c s
A w a v e f o r m w h i c h includes the
mental a n d all e v e n h a r m o n i c s is
a
ft
c
d
funda-
Sinusoidal
Square
Sawtooth
Triangular
A square w a v e has a fundamental frequency
of 4 5 0 H z . T h e fifth h a r m o n i c is
• a 2000 Hz
• ft 2 2 5 0 H z
• c 4500 Hz
•
3.70
c 21.22 V
d 23.41 V
harmonics
• ft T h e fundamental plus all even
b 7.63 V
c 8.26 V
d 9.55 V
T h e output r.m.s. voltage in Q u e s t i o n 3.68
is
•
•
•
•
3.71
d 300 V
T h e average value of a sine w a v e is 135.13
V. T h e r.m.s. value is
• a 150 V
•
•
•
3.69
value of a sine w a v e is 152.88
value is
V
V
V
d 5500 Hz
Ten cycles of a voltage w a v e f o r m occur in
2 m s . T h e frequency is
• a 100 H z
• ft 2 0 0 H z
• c 1000 H z
• d 5000 Hz
4
Capacitors
4.1
Α 2 - μ Ρ capacitor e x p r e s s e d in nanofarads
is
•
4.7
a 0.02 n F
• ft 2 0 n F
•
•
c 200 nF
d 2000 nF
2 0 0 V is applied to a 0 . 8 6 - n F capacitor. T h e
c h a r g e stored in n a n o c o u l o m b s is
•
•
a 160
ft 172
•
•
c 200
d 286
7
4.2
4.5 Χ 1 0 p F e x p r e s s e d in microfarads is
•
•
•
U
a
ft
c
d
4 5 μ¥
4 5 0 μ¥
4 5 0 0 μ¥ 3
45 Χ Ι Ο μ Ρ
4.8
5
4.3
•
•
1 0 p F e x p r e s s e d in nanofarads is
• a 1.0 n F
• ft 10 n F
•
•
c 100 n F
d 1000 n F
4.4
1000 p F e x p r e s s e d in microfarads is
• a 10 μ Ρ
• ft 1.0 μ Ρ
• c 0.1 μ Ρ
• d 0.001 μ Ρ
4.5
A 150-pF capacitor h a s 12 V across the
plates. T h e c h a r g e stored is
• a 1.2 n C
• ft 1.8 n C
• c 12
• d 18 μ C
4.6
A voltage of 2 5 V is applied to a 1.8-nF
capacitor. T h e c h a r g e stored is
• a 25 μ C
• ft 4 5 μ C
• c 25 nC
• d 45 nC
Α 1.5-μΡ capacitor stores a c h a r g e of 2.4 X
10"^ C. T h e terminal voltage is
• a 100 V
• ft 160 V
4.9
c 1000 V
d 1600 V
Α 1 0 0 0 - μ Ρ capacitor stores a c h a r g e of 0.45
C. T h e terminal voltage is
• a 4.5 V
• ft 4 5 V
• c 450 V
• d 4500 V
4.10
A c h a r g e of 1.2 C is stored in a 2 5 0 - μ Ρ
capacitor. T h e terminal voltage is
• a 0.48 k V
• ft 1.2 k V
• c 4.8 k V
• d 6.4 k V
4.11
A capacitor stores 0.5 m C with 10 V across
the plates. T h e capacitor value is
• a 50 nF
• ft 5 0 μ Ρ
• c 100 n F
• d 100 μ Ρ
22
4.12
Capacitors
A capacitor has a c h a r g e of 120 μ C with a
terminal voltage of 1.5 V. T h e capacitor
value is
4.19
• a 8 0 0 pf
• ft 80 pf
•
•
4.13
4.14
A capacitor has a c h a r g e of 0.26 C. T h e
terminal voltage is 2 0 0 V. T h e capacitor
value is
• a 8 0 0 μ¥
•
•
ft 1020 μ Ρ
c 1300 μ Ρ
•
d 1500 μ Ρ
The
with
•
•
•
•
4.15
energy stored in a 3 . 6 - μ Ρ capacitor
an applied voltage of 15 V is
a 0.405 m J
ft 0.625 m J
c 0.705 m J
c 28.8 m J
d 30.2 m J
4.18
J
J
J
J
Α 15-μΡ capacitor stores 2 0 0 J. T h e terminal
voltage is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 2468 V
• ft 3 2 4 6 V
• c 4000 V
• d 5164 V
28 J is
applied
• a
• ft
• c
• d
stored in a 1 0 0 - μ Ρ capacitor. T h e
voltage is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
700 V
748 V
766 V
7480 V
•
a 259 V
•
•
•
ft 1491 V
c 1582 V
d 1671 V
2 5 0 J is stored in a capacitor w h e n the
applied voltage is 1500 V. T h e capacitor
value is
• a 160
• ft 2 0 0
• c 222
• d 262
μΡ
μΡ
μΡ
μΡ
4.21
2.5 J is stored in a capacitor w h e n the
applied voltage is 140 V. T h e capacitor
value is
• a 255 μ Ρ
• ft 125 μ Ρ
• c 600 μ Ρ
• d 650 μ Ρ
4.22
A capacitor stores 5 0 m J w h e n the applied
voltage is 12 V. T h e capacitor value is
approximately
• a 20 μ Ρ
• ft 2 9 4 μ Ρ
• c 600 μ Ρ
• d 694 μ Ρ
4.23
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s t w o capacitors connected in series. T h e value of the overall
c a p a c i t a n c e C is
T h e energy stored in a 5 0 0 - μ Ρ capacitor
with an applied voltage of 100 V is
• a 1.5
• ft 2.5
• c 3.5
• d 4.5
4.17
4.20
d 0.835 m J
A capacitor has a terminal voltage of 12 V
a n d has a value of 4 0 0 μ Ρ T h e e n e r g y
stored is
• a 20.6 m J
• ft 26.8 m J
•
•
4.16
c 80 n F
d 80 μ¥
2 0 0 0 m J is stored in a 1.8-μΡ capacitor. T h e
voltage b e t w e e n the plates is approximately
•
•
U
•
a
ft
c
d
6.5 μ Ρ
10 μ Ρ
4 μ¥
12.5 μ Ρ
I
Cl
2C
5 uF
2 0Fu
C
I
Capacitors
4.24
If the t w o capacitors in Q u e s t i o n 4 . 2 3 are
c o n n e c t e d in parallel, the overall c a p a c i tance value is
4.30
• a 5 μ¥
• ft 2 0 μ¥
•
•
4.25
If an additional 1.0-μ¥ capacitor is a d d e d in
series with the circuit in Q u e s t i o n 4 . 2 3 , the
overall c a p a c i t a n c e then b e c o m e s
• a 600 nF
• b 800 nF
•
•
4.26
3
600
6 Χ 10 3
12 Χ 1 0 4
15 Χ 1 0
a
b
c
d
1041 V n T1
750 V m " 1
1250 V m 1
"
600 V m "
a
b
c
d
0.6 k V n 1T
6 kVm" 1
12 k V m " 1
18 k V m "
1
If 100 V applied to a capacitor
produces a
field strength of 8 0 k V i r r , the dielectric
thickness is
• a 1.2 m m
• b 1.25 m m
• c 2.0 m m
• d 2.1mm
1
If 5 0 V applied to a capacitor
produces a
field strength of 5 0 k V m " , the separation
b e t w e e n the plates is
•
a 1.0 m m
•
•
•
b 0.1mm
c 0.1cm
d 0.5 c m
If the voltage1is 6 0 V a n d the field strength
is 100 k V m " in Q u e s t i o n 4 . 3 0 , the separation b e t w e e n the plates is
•
a 0.06 c m
•
•
•
b 0.6 c m
c 0.62 m m
d 0.06 m m
A capacitor has a dielectric w h i c h is 0.21 m m
thick. If the field strength is 2 5 0 k V m " , the
terminal voltage is
• a 10 V
• ft 25 V
• c 40V
•
4.33
d 50 V
1
T h e plates of a capacitor are separated by
0.15 m m . If the field strength is 5 0 0 k V m ~ ,
the terminal v o l t a g e is
• a 75 V
• ft 7 5 0 V
•
•
4.34
If the dielectric thickness in Q u e s t i o n 4.26
is 0.1 m m a n d the terminal voltage is 1.2 V,
the field strength is1
•
•
•
•
4.29
a
b
c
d
4.32
If the dielectric thickness in Q u e s t i o n 4 . 2 6
is 2.4 m m a n d the applied voltage is 2.5 V,
the field strength is1 a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
4.28
4.31
c 0.9 μ Ρ
d 1.25 μ Ρ
T w o capacitor plates are separated by a
dielectric 0.5 m m thick. If the terminal
voltage is 6 V, the field strength in volts p e r
m e t r e is
•
•
•
•
4.27
c 25 μ¥
d 100 μ¥
23
c 800 V
d 850 V
A capacitor has a dielectric w h i c h is
1 thick. If the field strength is 4 0 0
0.05 c m
k V m " , the terminal voltage is
• a 100
• ft 2 0 0
• c 300
• d 400
4.35
V
V
V
V
A capacitor consists of t w o metal plates
5 0 m m in length a n d 100 m m w i d e . T h e
c a p a c i t o r h o l d s a c h a r g e of 0.2 μ C . T h e
electric flux density in m i c r o c o u l o m b s per
square m e t r e is
•
•
•
•
a
ft
c
d
10
20
30
40
24
4.36
Capacitors
If the plates in Q u e s t i o n 4.35 are 4 0 m m
long and 4 0 m m w i d e and the c h a r g e is
2
1.5 μ ^ the flux density
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
a 468
4.42
4.43
4.38
If the plates in Q u e s t i o n 4.35 are 2.0 c m
long and 4 . 0 c m w i d e a n d the c h a r g e is
2
5 0 0 n C , the flux density
is
\LCmT2
μ ^ "2
μ ^ " 2
a 625
b 700
c 725
•
d 800 μ Ο ι η "
•
•
•
•
a
ft
c
d
10
15
25
30
•
ft
•
c 18 m J
•
d 20 mJ
4.44
con-
2
V
V
V
V
in
capacitor
2 in
C
16 m J
T h e total e n e r g y stored in the circuit of
Q u e s t i o n 4 . 3 8 is
• a 16 m J
• ft 28 m J
•
•
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s t w o capacitors
nected in series. T h e voltage V is
stored
U a 14 m J
μΟηΓ2
•
•
•
energy
Q u e s t i o n 4 . 3 8 is
• ft 7 9 2 μ Ο ι τ ι " 2
• c 938 μΟίΏ"2
• d 998 μ Ο η ι 4.37
The
c 30 mJ
d 38 m J
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s t w o capacitors connected in parallel. T h e c o m b i n e d capacitance is
• a 2.4 μ Ρ
• ft 4.2 μ Ρ
• c 2.0 μ Ρ
Q d 10 μ¥
Cl
Cl
11
11
1
1
I 1
1 [
6 uF
2C
1
I
6 0 uF
4 0Fu
Vi
2V
C2
4 uF
5 0V
4.39
_
T h e c h a r g e in capacitor C in Q u e s t i o n 4.38
x
is
4.45
• a 400 μ C
• ft 1200 μ C
• c 600 μ C
• d 800 μ C
4.40
4.41
The
4.38
•
•
•
•
total c h a r g e in the circuit of Q u e s t i o n
is
a 400 μ C
ft 8 0 0 μ C
c 1200 μ C
d 2400 μ C
T h e energy stored
Q u e s t i o n 4.38 is
• a 12 m J
• ft 14 m J
• c 16 m J
• d 18 m J
in
capacitor
C
x in
4.46
In Q u e s t i o n
circuit is
• a 102
• ft 120
• c 140
• d 160
__
4 . 4 4 the total c h a r g e in the
μC
μC
μC
μC
In Q u e s t i o n 4 . 4 4 the c h a r g e on capacitor C
x
is
• a 60
• ft 6 4
• c 70
• d 72
4.47
1 2V
In Q u e s t i o n
is
• a 48
• ft 5 0
• c 60
• d 64
μC
μC
μϋ
μC
4 . 4 4 the c h a r g e on capacitor C
μC
μC
μC
μC
2
Capacitors
4.48
T h e total e n e r g y stored in Q u e s t i o n 4 . 4 4 is
•
4.54
a 6 8 0 μ]
• ft 7 2 0 μ]
•
•
4.49
c 8 0 0 μ]
d 8 7 0 μ]
T h e e n e r g y stored
Q u e s t i o n 4 . 4 4 is
• a 2 1 0 μ]
• ft 2 4 2 μ]
•
c 420 μΐ
•
d 432 μΐ
A capacitor has a r e a c t a n c e of 2 k Ω at a
frequency of 2 k H z . T h e capacitor value is
approximately
• a 39.78
• ft 5 0 . 6 8
• c 62.63
• d 82.07
in
capacitor
C,
T h e e n e r g y stored
Q u e s t i o n 4 . 4 4 is
• a 200 μ ΐ
4.55
in
capacitor
C
2 in
4.56
• ft 2 4 4 μ ΐ
• c 2 8 8 μ]
• J 2 9 0 μ]
4.51
nF
nF
nF
nF
in
A 150-pF capacitor has a r e a c t a n c e of 2 5 0 0
Ω at a frequency of
• a 4244 Hz
• ft 4 2 4 8 0 H z
• c 42 4 4 1 H z
•
4.50
d 424 413 Hz
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s three capacitors c o n n e c t e d in parallel a n d driven b y 2 0 V. T h e
total c a p a c i t a n c e is
•
•
a 80 μ Ρ
ft 100 μ Ρ
•
•
c 110 μ Ρ
d 112 μ Ρ
-2
A capacitor
has a flux density of 8 0 0
μ C m a n d a c h a r g e of 0.1 μ Ο T h e area of
the plate in square millimetres is
•
•
•
•
25
Cl
Il
11
1 2 uF
a 100
ft 125
c 200
d 250
C2
Ι Ι
11
6 0 uF
C3
J L
1 [
4 0 uF
4.52
A capacitor has t w o circular plates with
d i a m e t e r s2 of 5 m m . If the flux density is
2 0 μ Ο π Γ , the c h a r g e in n a n o c o u l o m b s is
approximately
•
•
•
•
4.53
The
kHz
•
•
•
•
_
_
4.57
T h e c h a r g e stored in capacitor C in Q u e s 2
tion 4 . 5 6 is
• a 1000 μ C
• ft 1200 μ C
• c 2000 μ C
• d 2400 μ C
4.58
T h e total c h a r g e stored in the n e t w o r k in
Q u e s t i o n 4 . 5 6 is
• a 1680 μ C
• ft 1800 μ C
• c 2240 μ C
• d 2800 μ C
a 0.87
ft 1.23
c 1.41
d 1.57
reactance of a 0 . 2 - μ Ρ c a p a c i t o r at 1
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
a 800 Ω
ft 7 9 6 Ω
c 656 Ω
d 420 Ω
2 0V
26
4.59
Capacitors
T h e energy stored
Q u e s t i o n 4.56 is
in
capacitor
C
3 in
4.65
T h e total energy stored in the n e t w o r k in
Q u e s t i o n 4.61 is
• a 0.662 m J
• b 0.826 m J
• c 1.624 m J
• d 1.728 m J
T h e total e n e r g y stored in the n e t w o r k in
Q u e s t i o n 4 . 5 6 is
4.66
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a four-capacitor seriesparallel n e t w o r k . T h e c o m b i n e d capacitance
is
• a 8 mJ
• ft 8.6 m J
• c 9 mJ
• d 10 m J
4.60
•
•
•
•
4.61
a
b
c
d
20.2 m J
22.4 m J
32 m J
40 mJ
U
•
U
Ω
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a series-parallel c a p a c itor n e t w o r k . T h e c o m b i n e d c a p a c i t a n c e is
• a 2 μΡ
• b 4 μΡ
•
c 6 μΡ
•
d 8 μΡ
a
\0\xF
ft 15 μ Ρ
c 20 μ¥
d
40μ¥
,
Cl
1
11
C3
, ,
5 uF
C2
I I
11
1 U5F
1
11
J
,
1 2 uF
C4
1ι
11
8 uF
C2
4.67
T h e total c h a r g e stored in the n e t w o r k in
Q u e s t i o n 4 . 6 6 is
• a 200 μ C
• ft 4 0 0 μ C
• c 600 μ C
• d 800 μ C
4.68
T h e c h a r g e stored in capacitor C in Q u e s 2
tion 4 . 6 6 is
8 uF
I
4.62
T h e voltage d r o p across capacitor C in
x
Q u e s t i o n 4.61 is
•
•
•
•
4.63
I
2 V4
a 6 V
ft 12 V
c 16V
d 20 V
•
T h e c h a r g e in capacitor C in Q u e s t i o n 4.61
2
is
4.69
T h e total e n e r g y stored in the n e t w o r k in
Q u e s t i o n 4 . 6 6 is
• a 2 mJ
• ft 4 m J
• c 6 mJ
• d 8 mJ
4.70
T h e energy stored
Q u e s t i o n 4 . 6 6 is
• a 1.2 m J
• ft 1.6 m J
• c 2.2 m J
• d 4.6 m J
• a 40 μ C
• ft 4 8 μ C
• c 400 μ C
• d 480 μ C
4.64
T h e energy stored
Q u e s t i o n 4.61 is
• a 864 μ ΐ
• ft 9 0 0 μ ΐ
• c 940 μΐ
• d 964 μ ΐ
a 300 μ C
• ft 4 0 0 μ C
• c 500 μ C
• d 600 μ C
in
capacitor
C
x in
in
capacitor
C
4 in
Capacitors
4.71
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a three-capacitor series-
4.73
parallel n e t w o r k . T h e c o m b i n e d c a p a c i t a n c e
T h e total c h a r g e in the n e t w o r k in Q u e s t i o n
4.71 is
•
is
•
a 10 μ¥
c 3 0 μ¥
•
d 4 0 μ¥
4.74
ci
ι
11
CS
HI
9 uF
3 0 uF
I
4.72
C
3
•
d 50 V
•
•
•
•
II—
7 F0 u
6V 0
T h e e n e r g y stored in C
is
1
I
T h e voltage d r o p across C in Q u e s t i o n 4.71
2
is
• a 30 V
• ft 4 2 V
• c 48 V
a 1.8 m C
• ft 2.8 m C
• c 4.6 m C
• d 5.4 m C
• ft 2 0 μ Ρ
•
27
4.75
a
b
c
d
10.2
12.4
16.2
18.6
x in Q u e s t i o n 4.71
mC
mC
mC
mC
T h e total e n e r g y stored in the n e t w o r k in
Q u e s t i o n 4.71 is
•
a 54 mJ
•
•
•
ft 100 m J
c 220 mJ
d 284 mJ
5
5.1
5.2
Inductors
A 0.04-H inductance e x p r e s s e d in millih e n r y s is
•
•
•
a 0.4 m H
H m H
c 40 mH
•
d 400 mH
5.6
A n i n d u c t a n c e of 1200 μ Η expressed in
h e n r y s is
• a 0.012
• ft 0.0012
• c 0.12
• d 1.2
5.7
A coil h a s 4 0 0 turns. If a flux of 100 m W b
acting t h r o u g h the coil is reversed in 0.04 s,
the i n d u c e d voltage is
A n inductor has a value of 0.002 H. T h e
value c o n v e r t e d to m i c r o h e n r y s is
• a 2 μΗ
• ft 2 0 μ Η
•
c 200 μ Η
• a 200 V
• ft 5 0 0 V
• c 1000 V
•
d 2000 μ Η
•
5.8
5.3
If an inductor has an i n d u c t a n c e of 2 2 H,
7 in m i c r o h e n r y s is
this value expressed
• a 2.2 Χ
• ft 22 Χ
• c 2.2 Χ
• d 22 Χ
Ι Ο3 μ Η
1 0 3μ Η
1 02 μ Η
ΙΟ μ Η
5.4
A 2 3 0 - μ Η inductance e x p r e s s e d in millih e n r y s is
• a 0.0023
• ft 0.023
• c 0.23
• d 2.3
5.5
A 0 . 8 4 - m H inductance e x p r e s s e d in m i c r o h e n r y s is
• a 8.4 μ Η
• ft 84 μ Η
•
•
c 840 μ Η
d 8400 μ Η
d 2000 V
If a flux of 2 4 0 m W b is reversed in a
60-turn coil in 0.2 s, the induced voltage
is
• a 144 V
• ft 2 4 0 V
•
•
c 288 V
d 480 V
5.9
A voltage of 12 V is i n d u c e d in a coil w h e n
a flux of 150 m W b is reversed in 80 s. T h e
n u m b e r of turns on the coil is
• a 1800
• ft 2 2 0 0
• c 3200
• d 400
5.10
A voltage of
a flux of 78
coil has
• a 417
• ft 5 2 3
• c 600
• d 629
2 4 V is i n d u c e d in a coil w h e n
m W b is reversed in 3.4 s. T h e
turns
turns
turns
turns
Inductors
5.11
A voltage of 2 0 0 V is i n d u c e d in a coil
5.17
h a v i n g 1400 turns w h e n t h e flux is r e v e r s e d
in 0.6 s. T h e value of the flux in m i l l i w e b e r s
is
5.12
5.13
•
a 42.86
•
ft
•
c 74.13
•
d 82.47
If 12 V are i n d u c e d in a coil w h i c h h a s 100
turns, w h e n the flux is reversed in 2 s the
value of the flux in w e b e r s is
•
•
•
a 0.06
b 0.08
c 0.12
•
d
•
•
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.19
c 462 V
d 554 V
A current is increased from 1.5 A to 6.5 A in
100 m s t h r o u g h a coil h a v i n g an i n d u c t a n c e
of 5 H. T h e i n d u c e d voltage is
• a 240 V
• b 250 V
• c 260 V
•
5.18
1.2
A coil has an i n d u c t a n c e of 12 H. If the
current t h r o u g h it is increased from 2 A to
8 A in 130 m s , the i n d u c e d voltage is
approximately
• a 282 V
• b 324 V
5.20
If a current of 5 A is r e v e r s e d in a coil
w h o s e i n d u c t a n c e is 2.5 H in 0.05 s, t h e
induced voltage is
• a 500 V
• b 700 V
• c 800 V
• d 900 V
5.21
•
•
a 0.88 A
b 1.92 A
•
•
c 2.88 A
d 3.24 A
W h e n a current of 11.5 A is r e v e r s e d in a
coil in 2 3 0 m s , a voltage of 1500 V is
induced. T h e value of the i n d u c t a n c e in
h e n r y s is
• a 15
•
b 20
•
•
c 25
d 30
If a current of 15 A is reversed in a coil in
0.15 s and the i n d u c e d voltage is 6 kV, the
value of the coil i n d u c t a n c e is
• a 20 H
• ft 3 0 H
• c 40 H
d 45 H
A coil h a v i n g 1800 turns is w o u n d o n a nonm a g n e t i c former. If a current of 6 A
p r o d u c e s a flux of 4 0 0 μ\\^>, the coil
i n d u c t a n c e in h e n r y s is
•
•
•
•
5.22
a 1.2
b 1.5
c 2.2
d 2.5
If a voltage of 4 8 0 V is i n d u c e d in a coil
w h o s e i n d u c t a n c e is 8 H , w h e n a current is
reversed in 9 6 m s the v a l u e of the current is
approximately
•
d 300 V
A current of 12 A is r e v e r s e d in a 3-H coil
in 2 4 m s . T h e i n d u c e d voltage is
• a 600 V
• b 1500 V
• c 3000 V
• d 3500 V
A voltage of 3 0 0 V is i n d u c e d in a coil with
an i n d u c t a n c e of 6 H w h e n a current is
r e v e r s e d in 6 0 m s . T h e value of the current
in a m p s is
•
•
•
•
63.92
29
a
ft
c
d
0.06
0.08
0.11
0.12
If the current in Q u e s t i o n 5.21 is reversed in
4 0 m s , the i n d u c e d voltage is
• a 12 V
• ft 2 4 V
• c 36V
• d 48 V
30
5.23
Inductors
A coil h a v i n g 4 5 0 0 turns is w o u n d o n a n o n m a g n e t i c former. If a current of 18 A
p r o d u c e s a flux of 0.9 m W b , the coil
inductance is
•
5.29
• a 0.42 H
• ft 0.475 H
• c 0.525 H
a 0.225 H
•
• ft 0.3 H
•
•
If the current in Q u e s t i o n 5.23 is reversed in
180 m s , the i n d u c e d voltage is
U a 36 V
• ft 4 2 V
5.25
•
c 45 V
•
d 50 V
If the current in Q u e s t i o n 5.23 is r e v e r s e d in
3 6 0 m s , the i n d u c e d voltage is
5.31
• a 22.5 V
• ft 25 V
•
•
5.26
5.27
5.28
c 30 V
d 32.5 V
If a current of 5.4 A flows in a 14.6-H
inductor, the e n e r g y stored in j o u l e s is
approximately
•
•
a 165
ft 197
•
•
c 200
d 213
If a current of 4 A flows in a 2 - H inductor,
the e n e r g y stored in j o u l e s is
•
•
•
•
a
ft
c
d
5.32
a 650
ft 8 0 0
c 1000
d 1440
28 J of energy is stored in a coil w h e n the
current flowing is 7 A . T h e coil inductance
in h e n r y s is
1.04
1.14
•
•
a
ft
•
•
c 2.4
d 2.48
5 0 0 m J of energy is stored in a coil w h e n
the current flowing is 2 A. T h e coil
i n d u c t a n c e in millihenrys is
•
•
a 250
ft 4 0 0
•
•
c 420
d 450
A coil with an i n d u c t a n c e of 0.075 H stores
15 J. T h e coil current is
• a 18 A
• ft 2 0 A
•
•
5.33
5.34
c 30 A
d 32 A
A coil with an i n d u c t a n c e of 4 0 0 m H stores
2 0 0 J. T h e coil current is
•
•
•
•
12
14
16
20
If a current of 12 A flows in a 2 0 - H
inductor, the e n e r g y stored in j o u l e s is
•
•
•
•
d 0.6 H
c 0.325 H
d 0.4 H
5.30
5.24
If 3.8 J of e n e r g y is stored in a coil w h e n the
current is 4 A, the coil inductance is
a
ft
c
d
5.6 A
10 A
31.6 A
32 A
16 J is stored in a coil with an inductance of
12 H, w h e n the coil current is
•
•
•
•
a
ft
c
d
1.63 A
1.82 A
2.1 A
2.42 A
Inductors
35
36
T h e m u t u a l i n d u c t a n c e b e t w e e n t w o coils is
0.4 H. T h e a v e r a g e voltage i n d u c e d in o n e
coil w h e n the current in the other coil
increases from 2 A to 8 A in 140 m s is
5.40
a 14.23 V
•
•
b 15.06 V
c 17.14 V
•
•
a 0.78
b 1.22
•
d 19.21 V
•
•
c 2.56
d 3.29
•
c 200 V
•
d 400 V
5.41
5.42
37
38
T w o coils h a v e a m u t u a l i n d u c t a n c e of 1.5
H . If the current in o n e of the coils increases
from 0 A to 5 A in 4 5 m s , the a v e r a g e
voltage i n d u c e d in the other coil is
• a 133.33 V
• b 166.67 V
• c 203.32 V
• d 233.33 V
4 0 0 V is i n d u c e d in a coil w h i c h has an
i n d u c t a n c e of 2 H, w h e n the current increases from 0 A to 10 A. T h e t i m e for the
increase in milliseconds is
U a 5
•
•
•
39
A coil has an i n d u c t a n c e of 5 0 m H . If 150 V
is i n d u c e d in the coil w h e n the current
increases from 1.34 A to 3.68 A , the t i m e for
the increase in m i l l i s e c o n d s is a p p r o x imately
•
T w o coils h a v e a m u t u a l i n d u c t a n c e of 1.2
H. If the current in o n e of the coils increases
from 0 A to 10 A in 3 0 m s , the a v e r a g e
voltage i n d u c e d in the other coil is
• a 60 V
• b 180 V
b 10
c 40
d 50
A coil has an i n d u c t a n c e
is i n d u c e d in the coil
increases from 1 A to 7
increase in m i l l i s e c o n d s
• a 16.28
• b 18.34
• c 20.22
• d 26.25
of 1.05 H. If 2 4 0 V
w h e n the current
A , the t i m e for the
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
T h e r e a c t a n c e of a 0 . 4 6 - H inductor at a
frequency of 2 k H z is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
a 4828 Ω
b 5780 Ω
•
•
c 6263 Ω
d 7426 Ω
T h e r e a c t a n c e of a 2 . 8 - m H inductor at a
frequency of 5 0 0 H z is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
5.43
31
a 8.8R
b 10.2R
c 14.5R
d 20.9R
A 0 . 9 8 - H inductor h a s a r e a c t a n c e at a
frequency of 150 H z of a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 257 Ω
• b 332 Ω
•
•
c 680 Ω
d 924 Ω
5.44
A 0 . 9 8 - m H coil h a s a r e a c t a n c e of 1.4R at
an a p p r o x i m a t e frequency of
• a 142 H z
• b 227 Hz
• c 361Hz
• d 473 Hz
5.45
A 4 0 0 - μ Η i n d u c t o r h a s a reactance of 10R
at a frequency of a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 2624 Hz
• b 3979 Hz
• c 4783 Hz
• d 5500 Hz
32
5.46
5.47
Inductors
A 1.2-mH inductor has a r e a c t a n c e of 6 0 R
at a frequency of a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
a 4644 Hz
b 5472 Hz
•
•
c 6200 Hz
d 7958 Hz
A coil with a reactance of 1200 Ω at a
frequency of 1 k H z h a s an i n d u c t a n c e in
henrys of a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
5.48
5.49
a
b
c
d
0.191
0.522
0.604
0.822
A coil with a reactance of 5 6 k Ω at a
frequency of 1.5 k H z has an i n d u c t a n c e of
approximately
• a 2.62 Η
• b 4.81 Η
• c 5.94 Η
• d 6.04 Η
5.52
5.53
5.54
c 2.65 Η
d 2.98 Η
T h r e e coils h a v i n g i n d u c t a n c e s of 2.4 H,
6 Η and 7.2 Η are c o n n e c t e d in series. T h e
overall inductance is
•
•
•
•
5.51
a
b
c
d
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
4.05
4.15
5.05
6.25
•
d 0.42
If the coil in Q u e s t i o n 5.51 had 6 0 0 0 turns,
a length of 10 c m a n d d i a m e t e r 0.5 c m , the
inductance would be
• a 8.88 m H
• b 9.2 m H
5.56
c 10.8 m H
d 11.92 m H
A coil has 120 turns and is w o u n d on a
ferromagnetic b o b b i n . T h e b o b b i n is 4 c m
long a n d 10 m m in diameter. If the core has
a relative permeability of 8 4 0 0 , and the
-7
_ l of free space is taken as 4ττ X
permeability
Ι Ο H m , the coil inductance is approximately
• a 98 μ Η
• b 198 μ Η
c 240 μ Η
d 298 μ Η
If the coil in Q u e s t i o n 5.54 h a d a relative
permeability of 10 0 0 0 , 4 0 0 turns, a length
of 5 c m , a n d a d i a m e t e r of 2 0 m m , the
inductance w o u l d b e a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
1.2 Η
3 Η
9 Η
15.6 Η
A coil h a s 2 4 0 turns and is w o u n d o n an airc o r e d b o b b i n 4.5 c m long a n d 0.2 c m in
7 permeability of
diameter. G i v e n that the
free space is 4 n X 10~ H m " ' , the i n d u c tance in m i c r o h e n r y s is
a 0.16
b 0.282
c 0.364
•
•
5.55
5.50
•
•
•
•
•
A coil has a reactance of 10 k i ) at a
frequency of 6 0 0 H z . T h e i n d u c t a n c e is
approximately
• a 0.86 Η
• b 1.62 Η
•
•
If the coil in Q u e s t i o n 5.51 had 100 turns,
the s a m e d i a m e t e r and w a s 14 c m long, the
inductance in m i c r o h e n r y s w o u l d h a v e
been
a
b
c
d
8.43 m H
12.63 m H
15.72 m H
18.04 m H
If the coil in Q u e s t i o n 5.54 h a d a relative
permeability of 4 5 0 , 2 0 0 turns, a length of
6 c m , and a d i a m e t e r of 2 4 m m , the i n d u c tance in m i c r o h e n r y s w o u l d b e a p p r o x imately
• a 170
• b 190
• c 210
• d 230
Inductors
5.57
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s three i n d u c t a n c e s c o n nected in series. T h e overall i n d u c t a n c e is
• a 18 H
5.62
T h e voltage V in Q u e s t i o n 5.60 is
3
• a 30 V
• ft 5 0 V
• c 60 V
• d 75 V
5.63
T h e current after 12 s in Q u e s t i o n 5.60 is
• a 170 A
• ft 180 A
• c 190 A
• d 200 A
5.64
T h e e n e r g y stored in L I
Q u e s t i o n 5.60 is
• ft 2 4 H
•
•
5.58
c 48 H
d 42 H
Ll>
4H
L 2>
1 2H
L3>
8H
VI
V2
9 V6
V3
T h e current g r 1
o w t h in Q u e s t i o n 5.57 is
• a 2 As"1
• ft 4 A s " 1
• c 9 As" 1
• d 12 A s "
5.59
T h e value of V in Q u e s t i o n 5.57 is
3
• a 12 V
• ft 16 V
• c 24 V
• d 32 V
5.60
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s three i n d u c t a n c e s c o n 1 T h e current g r o w t h is
nected in series.
• a 8 As" 1
• ft 10 A s " 1
•
•
5.65
5.61
VI
L 2 >-
5H
V2
L 3>
2H
1 5V0
V3
T h e voltage V in Q u e s t i o n 5.60 is
2
• a 30 V
• ft 5 0 V
• c 60V
• d 75 V
12 s in
T h e energy stored in L 2 after
Q u e s t i o n 5.60 is
12 s in
• a 60000
• ft 7 2 0 0 0
• c 81000
• d 90000
5.66
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
T h e e n e r g y stored in L 3 after
Q u e s t i o n 5.60 is
12 s in
• a 26400 J
• ft 2 8 4 0 0 J
•
•
5.67
3H
after
• a 34000
• ft 3 6 0 0 0
• c 40000
• d 48600
c 15 A s " 1
d 20 A s"
Li>
33
c 30400 J
d 32400 J
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s three inductors connected in parallel. T h e c o m b i n e d inductance
is
• a 1.2 H
• ft 2.4 H
• c 9.6 H
• d 12.4 H
L 1 > 6H
/ j ^l
L 2 > H4
/ f2 l
L3>2H
.4
/ j Ps
102 V
^
34
5.68
Inductors
T h e current g r o w t h in L I in Q u e s t i o n 5.67
1
is
• a 5 As" 1
5.72
• b 10 A s " 1
• c 20 A s "1
Ud
22 A s "
5.69
T h e current g r o w t h in L 2 in Q u e s t i o n 5.67
1
is
• a 30 A s " 1
• b 34 A s " 1
• c 40 A s " 1
•
5.70
5.71
d 50 A s "
T h e current g r o w t h in L 3 in Q u e s t i o n 5.67
1
is
• a 30 A s " 1
• b 40 A s " 1
• c 50 A s " 1
•
5.73
•
b 160 A
•
•
c 190 A
d 200 A
T h e current in L 3 in Q u e s t i o n 5.67 after 5 s
is
•
•
•
a 100 A
b 150 A
c 200 A
•
d 250 A
5.74
T h e e n e r g y stored
Q u e s t i o n 5.67 is
• a 900 J
• b 1100 J
• c 1200 J
• d 1400 J
5.75
T h e total e n e r g y stored after
circuit in Q u e s t i o n 5.67 is
• a 4000 J
d 60 A s "
T h e total current g r o w t h in the circuit in
Q u e s t i o n 5.67 is1
• a 40 A s " 1
• b 60 A s " 1
• c 80 A s " 1
• d 100 A s"
T h e current in L 2 in Q u e s t i o n 5.67 after 5 s
is
• a 150 A
•
•
•
b 6000 J
c 7000 J
d 8000 J
after
1 s in L I
in
1 s in the
6
Capacitors and inductors in DC circuits
6.1
In the d i a g r a m the t i m e constant is
• a 47 ms
6.6
• ft 4 7 μ 8
• c 0.47
• d 470 ms
In the d i a g r a m the t i m e constant is
• a 0.6 m s
• b 64 ms
•
•
c 1.6 s
d 16 μ δ
Γδ
3.01 μΥ 4700R
1
V
1
Λ
τ
6.2
V
5R
I
If the c o m p o n e n t values in Q u e s t i o n 6.1 are
5 μ Ρ a n d 100 k O , the t i m e c o n s t a n t is
• a 0.5 μδ
• ft 5 m s
• c 0.5 m s
• d 0.5 s
6.3
η
6.7
• a 2.5 s
• ft 25 m s
If t h e c o m p o n e n t v a l u e s in Q u e s t i o n 6.1 are
4 7 n F a n d 1 Μ Ω , the t i m e constant is
• a 4.7 m s
• ft 4 7 m s
• c 470 μ 8
• d 470 s
6.4
If the c o m p o n e n t values in Q u e s t i o n 6.1 are
10 p F and 2 M i l , the t i m e constant is
• a 20 ms
• ft 2 0 0 m s
• c 20 μ 8
• d 200 μδ
6.5
If the c o m p o n e n t values in Q u e s t i o n 6.1 are
8 0 0 p F a n d 5 M i l , t h e t i m e c o n s t a n t is
• a 4 ms
• ft 4 0 m s
• c 4 μδ
• d 400 μ 8
If the c o m p o n e n t values in Q u e s t i o n 6.6 are
0.075 Η a n d 2 5 0 Ω, the t i m e constant is
•
•
c 250
d 300
μ8
μ8
6.8
If the c o m p o n e n t values in Q u e s t i o n 6.6 are
6 0 m H a n d 3 0 0 Ω, the t i m e constant is
• a 0.2 m s
• ft 2.2 m s
• c 3.6 μ 8
• d 300 μδ
6.9
If the c o m p o n e n t values in Q u e s t i o n 6.6 are
9 m H a n d 3 Μ Ω , the t i m e constant is
• a 3 s
• ft 3 m s
• c 3 μδ
• d 3 ns
36
6.10
Capacitors and inductors in DC circuits
If the c o m p o n e n t values in Q u e s t i o n 6.6 are
6.16
•
6.11
current at t = 0 s is
4μϊ
a - 2 4 mA
•
c 4 0 0 ns
•
•
d 4 s
• ft - 4 8 μ Α
In the d i a g r a m the time constant is
•
c - 6 0 mA
•
d -100 μΑ
• a 1 ms
Q b 1 με
•
•
capacitor
circuited t h r o u g h the 5 0 0 - k O resistor. T h e
a 40 ms
U b
The diagram shows a charged
d i s c o n n e c t e d from a 2 4 - V supply and short-
84 m H and 2 1 0 kil, the t i m e constant is
0,5 μΥ
e l s
d 10 s
1
μΥ
ι μν
500k0
1M0
mu
H
=Z h> n
rHI K C
6.17
5Ω
50 V
6.12
6.13
• a -0.06 mA
• ft - 0 . 7 2 m A
In Question 6.11 the current at t - 0, i.e. the
instant of switching on, is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
50 m A
500 μ Α
100 m A
50 μ Α
•
•
6.18
a 0.92 μ Α
b 1.62 m A
•
•
c 7.3 m A
d 8.16 μ Α
In Q u e s t i o n 6.11 the capacitor voltage after
2 s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 15
• ft 36
• c 43
• d 49
6.15
d 10.22 V
In Q u e s t i o n 6.16 the voltage across the
resistor at t = 1 s is approximately
• a -10.44 V
• ft - 6 . 2 6 V
• c -0.92 V
• d -0.44 V
V
V
V V
In Question 6.11 the voltage across
resistor after 3 s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 36.24 V
• ft 18.81 V
• c 6.92 V
• d 2.49 V
In Q u e s t i o n 6.16 the capacitor voltage at t =
1 s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
6.19
6.14
c -0.88 μΑ
d -1.22 μΑ
• a 0.44 V
• ft 0.82 V
• c 1.64 V
T h e current in Q u e s t i o n 6.11 after 4 s is
approximately
•
•
In Q u e s t i o n 6.16 the current flowing at t =
1 s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
the
6.20
In Q u e s t i o n
4 s is
• a 2.7
• ft 4.3
• c 3.6
• d 4.2
6.16 the capacitor voltage at t =
6
Χ ΙΟ"
V
X 1 0 ^2 V
Χ ΙΟ"3 V
X 10"
V
Capacitors and inductors in DC circuits
6.21
In the d i a g r a m the t i m e constant is
•
6.26
a 25 m s
•
b 250 ms
•
c 25 μ δ
•
d 250
\LS
0,025 μΥ
IkO
Ι—II—CZJ-N
30
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a c h a r g e d capacitor
d i s c o n n e c t e d from a 125-V supply a n d
short-circuited t h r o u g h the l - k f t resistor.
T h e current at t = 0 s is
•
a -50 mA
•
•
b -75 mA
c -100 mA
•
d -125 mA
V
0 . 0 2 5 Fu
rHhH
6.22
In Q u e s t i o n 6.21 the current at t = 0 s, i.e.
the instant of s w i t c h i n g on, is
• a 30 m A
•
•
•
6.23
b 60 m A
c 120 μ Α
d 180 μ Α
In Q u e s t i o n 6.21 the capacitor voltage at t 5 0 μ 8 is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
16.28
21.32
25.94
28.86
V
V
V
V
In Q u e s t i o n 6.21 the voltage across
resistor at t = 7 5 μ 8 is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
6.25
a
b
c
d
1.12
1.49
6.33
7.94
In Q u e s t i o n 6.26 the capacitor voltage at t =
25 μ δ is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 45.98 V
• b 66.1 A V
• c 100.6 V
• d 110.76 V
6.28
In Q u e s t i o n 6.26 the capacitor voltage at t =
5 0 μ 8 is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 120.61 V
• b 75.54 V
• c 16.92 V
6.29
V
V
V
V
b 29.45 V
c 15.66 V
d 12.88 V
Hi
d 9.34 V
the
In Q u e s t i o n 6.21 the capacitor voltage at t =
100 μ 8 is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 16.34 V
•
•
•
10K
6.27
•
6.24
37
In Q u e s t i o n 6.26 the voltage across the
resistor at t = 7 5 μ 8 is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
6.30
a
b
c
d
-4.31 V
-6.22 V
-12.98 V
-20.67 V
In Q u e s t i o n 6.26 the current at t = 100 μ 8 is
approximately
• a -100.42 mA
•
•
•
b -66.33 mA
c -40.26 mA
d -2.29 mA
38
6.31
Capacitors and inductors in DC circuits
6.36
In the d i a g r a m the t i m e constant is
•
Û
4ms
• ft 4 0 m s
• c 400 ms
• d 4 0 \LS
200 μΥ 200R
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a c h a r g e d capacitor
d i s c o n n e c t e d from a 125-V supply and
short-circuited t h r o u g h the 2 0 0 - Ω resistor.
T h e current at t = 4 0 m s is approximately
•
•
•
a -230 mA
b -400 mA
c -470 mA
•
d -560 mA
- 1 · —
125 V
200 μ? 200R
|—II—CZZr-n
\
6.32
In Question 6.31 the current at the instant of
switching on, t = 0 s, is
• a 200 m A
• b 225 m A
• c 625 m A
•
6.33
In Q u e s t i o n 6.31 the capacitor voltage at t =
4 0 m s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
V
V
V
V
6.35
6.38
a
ft
c
d
the
V
V
V
V
4.82 V
6.22 V
10.54 V
20.62 V
6.39
In Q u e s t i o n 6.36 the voltage across the
resistor at t = 160 m s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a -2.29 V
• ft - 4 . 3 9 V
• c -7.48 V
• d -8.36 V
6.40
In Q u e s t i o n 6.36 the current at / = 2 0 0 m s is
approximately
• a -1.5 mA
• ft - 3 . 4 m A
• c -4.2 mA
• d -6.8 mA
V
V
V
V
In Q u e s t i o n 6.31 the current at t = 2 0 0 m s is
approximately
• a 2.4 m A
• ft 4.2 m A
• c 6.6 m A
• d 10.3 m A
12.5
13.6
14.2
16.9
In Q u e s t i o n 6.36 the capacitor voltage at t 120 m s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a
• ft
• c
• d
In Q u e s t i o n 6.31 the voltage across
resistor at t = 8 0 m s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 16.9
• ft 28.8
• c 46.2
• d 50.6
In Q u e s t i o n 6.36 the capacitor voltage at t •
8 0 m s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
d 800 m A
• a 14
• ft 28
• c 66
• d 79
6.34
6.37
I
Capacitors and inductors in DC circuits
6.41
In the d i a g r a m the t i m e constant is
•
6.46
•
a 0.25 s
• ft 0.5 s
• ft 4 s
•
In the d i a g r a m the t i m e constant is
•
a 2.2 s
c 0.2 s
•
c 1.0 s
d 0.4 s
•
d 1.5 s
Η
Η
- 4 5
10R
τ
6.42
6.43
6.44
V
-
r
τ
In Q u e s t i o n 6.41 the current at the instant of
switching on, t = 0 s, is
•
αΟΑ
•
b 4 A
•
•
c 10 A
d 14 A
In Q u e s t i o n 6.41 the voltage across
inductor at / = 0 is
the
6.47
6.48
•
a 2.6 A
•
•
•
ft 10.3 A
c 14.4 A
d 20.5 A
In Q u e s t i o n 6.46 t h e current at t = 2.0 s is
approximately
a 25.22 A
a 0 V
•
ft
•
•
c 22.5 V
d 45 V
• ft 2 2 . 4 8 A
• c 19.41 A
In Q u e s t i o n 6.41 the voltage across
resistor at t = 0 is
•
the
6.49
T h e voltage across the inductor in Q u e s t i o n
6.41 at ί = 1.2 s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 1.61 V
• ft 2.24 V
• c 3.82 V
• d 30.96 V
d 16.36 A
In Q u e s t i o n 6.46 the voltage across
inductor at t = 1.0 s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
6.50
V
In Q u e s t i o n 6.46 the current at t = 1.0 s is
approximately
•
10 V
200
12R 7
•
• a 45 V
• ft 2 0 V
• c 2 V
• J 0 V
6.45
39
a
ft
c
d
the
27 V
123 V
162 V
193 V
In Q u e s t i o n 6.46 the voltage across the
resistor at t = 1.0 s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
a
ft
c
d
102
121
173
182
V
V
V
V
40
6.51
Capacitors and inductors in DC circuits
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a circuit w h i c h h a s b e e n
c o n n e c t e d to a 4 5 - V D C supply until a
steady state h a s b e e n reached. T h e supply is
d i s c o n n e c t e d and a short circuit is p l a c e d
across the n e t w o r k as s h o w n . T h e current at
t = 0 s is
•
•
a 10 A
b 5 A
•
•
c 4.5 A
d 4.2 A
6.56
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a circuit w h i c h has been
c o n n e c t e d to a 2 0 0 - V supply until a steady
state has b e e n r e a c h e d . T h e supply is
d i s c o n n e c t e d and a short circuit is placed
across the n e t w o r k as s h o w n . T h e current at
t = 0 s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
a 10.44 A
•
•
b 10.62 A
c 14.32 A
•
d 16.67 A
^4H
j H
10R
12R
τ
6.52
In Q u e s t i o n 6.51 the current at t = 0.8 s is
approximately
• a 0.2 A
• b 0.12 A
•
•
6.57
c 0.08 A
d 0.6 A
I
In Q u e s t i o n 6.56 the current at t = 0.5 s is
approximately
• a 2.62 A
• b 6.13 A
• c 10.44 A
•
d 15.53 A
6.53
In Q u e s t i o n 6.51 the voltage across
resistor at t = 0.4 s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 12.48 V
• b 16.55 V
• c 20.82 V
• d 40.16 V
the
6.58
In Q u e s t i o n
i n d u c t o r at t
• a -41
• b -40
• c -27
• d -52
6.54
In Q u e s t i o n 6.51 the voltage across
inductor at t = 0.8 s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a -6 V
• b -10 V
• c -15 V
• d -28 V
the
6.59
In Q u e s t i o n 6.56 the voltage across the
resistor at t = 1.5 s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 9.96 V
In Q u e s t i o n 6.51 the voltage across
resistor at t = 2.0 s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 0.3 V
• b 1.3 V
• c 2.3 V
• d 6.6 V
the
6.55
•
•
•
6.60
6.56 the voltage across
= 1.0 s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
V
V
V
V
the
b 12.88 V
c 86.67 V
d 93.42 V
In Q u e s t i o n 6.56 the voltage across the
inductor at t = 2.0 s is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a - 3.66 V
• b - 4.02 V
• c - 8.06 V
• d - 9.33 V
Capacitors and inductors in DC circuits
6.61
The
diagram
shows
a circuit
which
is
6.65
suddenly c o n n e c t e d to a 2 5 - V supply. T h e
41
In Q u e s t i o n 6.64 the current after 0.12 s is
approximately
t i m e c o n s t a n t is
•
a 0.33 A
•
a 0.02 s
•
b 0.42 A
•
b 0.05 s
•
c 0.81 A
•
c 0.1 s
•
d 1.13 A
•
d 0.15 s
6.66
The
diagram
shows
a circuit
which
is
s u d d e n l y c o n n e c t e d to a 100-V supply. T h e
5 Η
t i m e for the c a p a c i t o r voltage to reach 5 0 V
- 2 5
50R
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
r
Τ
6.62
V
•
a 0.69 s
•
b 1.21 s
•
c 1.86 s
•
d 2.23 s
In Q u e s t i o n 6.61 the t i m e for the current to
1 μΥ
ι—Il—
reach 0.5 A is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
6.63
a 2.3 s
•
b 4.1 s
•
c 6.2 s
•
d 8.8 s
100
In Q u e s t i o n 6.61 the current after 0.2 s is
6.67
•
a 0.28 A
•
b 0.43 A
•
c 0.66 A
•
d 0.92 A
The
diagram
shows
a circuit
which
is
6.68
for
the
current
to
reach
2 A
a 20 m A
•
b 60 m A
•
c 50 μ Α
•
d 100 μ Α
If the capacitor in Q u e s t i o n 6.66 is c h a r g e d
is
voltage
is
discharged
through
the 1-ΜΩ resistor, the t i m e taken for the
voltage to d r o p to 2 0 V is
•
a 0.15 s
•
b 0.32 s
•
c 0.72 s
•
d 1.45 s
6.69
Η
-100
40R
τ
•
capacitor
approximately
is
In Q u e s t i o n 6.66 the current flowing w h e n
to 100 V, the supply is r e m o v e d , and the
s u d d e n l y c o n n e c t e d to a 100-V supply. T h e
time
V
the capacitor voltage is 5 0 V is
approximately
6.64
1M0
r
ν
•
a 1.2 s
•
b 1.6 s
•
c 2.3 s
•
d 4.8 s
In Q u e s t i o n 6.68 the current flowing w h e n
the c a p a c i t o r v o l t a g e is 2 0 V is
•
a 6 μΑ
•
b 10 μ Α
•
c 16 μ Α
•
d 20 μ Α
42
6.70
Capacitors and inductors in DC circuits
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a circuit w h i c h is
suddenly c o n n e c t e d to a 9 0 - V supply. T h e
time for the current to reach 3.75 A is
approximately
•
•
a 0.11 s
b 0.23 s
•
•
c 1.61 s
d 2.62 s
6.73
T h e voltage across the coil in Question 6.72
w h e n the current flowing is 4.69 A is
approximately
• a -35 V
• b -40 V
• c -75 V
• d -100 V
6.74
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a circuit w h i c h is
suddenly c o n n e c t e d to a 12-V supply. T h e
t i m e for the current to reach 0.06 A is
approximately
• a 2.9 s
V4 H
^ τ 9 0
S
V
•
•
•
12R
tir
6.71
6.72
T h e voltage across the coil in Q u e s t i o n 6.70
w h e n the current is 3.75 A is a p p r o x imately
•
•
a -82 V
b -80 V
•
•
c -62 V
d -45 V
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a circuit w h i c h is
suddenly c o n n e c t e d to a 150-V supply. T h e
time for the current to reach 4 . 6 9 A is
approximately
•
•
a 0.35 s
b 0.92 s
•
•
c 1.78 s
d 2.42 s
is
*η
Î5
cl
6.75
~è=r
16R
150
V
H
-=b-12
V
T h e coil voltage in Q u e s t i o n 6.74 w h e n the
current flowing is 0.06 A is approximately
• a -4 V
• b -6 V
• c -8 V
•
η
b 0.1 s
2
c 0.015 s
d 3.47 Χ 1 0 " s
d -10 V
7
7.1
Electromagnetism
A c o n d u c t o r c a r r y i n g 5 0 A is at a right a n g l e
to a m a g n e t i c field h a v i n g a density of 0.5 T.
If the c o n d u c t o r length is 1.0 m, the force on
the c o n d u c t o r is
• a 25 Ν
• ft 3 0 Ν
• c 50 Ν
• d 70 Ν
7.6
• ft 2.32 Τ
• c 4.84 Τ
• d 9.33 Τ
7.7
7.2
If the c o n d u c t o r in Q u e s t i o n 7.1 is 0.2 m
long, the current 2 4 A a n d t h e flux density
1.2 T, the force o n the c o n d u c t o r is
• a 2.67 Ν
• ft 3.41 Ν
• c 4.32 Ν
• d 5.76 Ν
If the c o n d u c t o r in Q u e s t i o n 7.1 is 0.4 m
long, the current 16 A and the flux density
6 0 mT, the force on the c o n d u c t o r is
• a 0.268 Ν
• ft 0.384 Ν
• c 0.967 Ν
• d 1.324 Ν
7.5
If the c o n d u c t o r in Q u e s t i o n 7.1 is 8 0 0 m m
long, the current 14 A and the flux density
5 T, the force on the c o n d u c t o r is
• a 12 Ν
• ft 2 4 Ν
• c 56 Ν
• d 100 Ν
If the force o n a c o n d u c t o r 100 m m long is
1.0 Ν a n d the current in the c o n d u c t o r is
0.5 A , the flux density is
• a 1.2 Τ
• ft 5 Τ
•
•
c 10 Τ
d 20 Τ
c 4.68 Τ
d 9.68 Τ
If the force on a c o n d u c t o r 5 5 m m long is
2 4 0 m N a n d the current is 1000 m A, the
flux density is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 4.36 Τ
• ft 7.88 Τ
•
•
7.9
7.4
If the force o n a c o n d u c t o r 0.242 m long is
1.5 Ν a n d t h e current is 0.64 A, the flux
density is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 2.86 Τ
• ft 3.49 Τ
•
•
7.8
7.3
If the force o n a c o n d u c t o r 2 4 2 m m long is
0.75 Ν and the current is 6 4 0 m A , the flux
density is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 1.67 Τ
c 9.02 Τ
d 9.98 Τ
If a c o n d u c t o r h a s a force of 1.0 Ν exerted
on it w h e n c a r r y i n g a current of 8 A in a
m a g n e t i c field of 5 T, the c o n d u c t o r length
is
• a 2.5 m m
• ft 2 5 m m
• c 250 m m
• d 500 m m
7.10
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.9 the force is 2 N , the
current 4 A a n d the flux density 0.2 T, the
c o n d u c t o r length is
• a 125 m m
• ft 2 5 0 m m
•
•
c 2.5 m
d 25 m
44
7.11
7.12
Electromagnetism
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.9 the force is 1.6 N , the
current 6 A and the flux density 1.5 T, the
c o n d u c t o r length is approximately
•
a 122 m m
•
•
ft 178 m m
c 603 m m
•
d 804 m m
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.9 the force is 1.2 N , the
current 6 A and the flux density 2 0 0 mT, the
c o n d u c t o r length is
• a 100 m m
• b 10mm
•
•
7.13
7.14
•
•
c 39 A
d 69 A
7.15
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.13 the c o n d u c t o r is 0.2 m
long, the flux density 2 0 0 m T a n d the force
4 N , the current is
• a 1 A
• ft 10 A
• c 50 A
• d 100 A
7.16
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.13 the c o n d u c t o r length is
5 m, the flux density 4 0 0 m Τ a n d the force
2 0 N , the current is
• a 10 m A
• ft 100 m A
•
•
•
•
•
c 1 A
d 10 A
a 0.1 V
c 1.5 V
d 2.5 V
7.18
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.17 the m a g n e t i c field
strength is d o u b l e d , the i n d u c e d E M F is
• a 0.7 V
• ft 0.8 V
• c 1.0 V
• d 2.0 V
7.19
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.17 the c o n d-1
u c t o r length is
0.45 m , the velocity 12 m s
and the flux
density
• a
• ft
• c
• d
d 1.4 m A
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.13 the c o n d u c t o r is 2 0 0 m m
long, the flux density 5 0 0 m T a n d the force
3.9 N , the current is
• a 10 A
• ft 12 A
A c o n d u c t o r 100 m m-1 long is m o v i n g with a
velocity of 10 m s
at right angles to a
m a g n e t i c field h a v i n g a flux density of
0.5 T. T h e E M F i n d u c e d in the conductor
is
• ft 0.5 V
c 10m
d 1 m
If a c o n d u c t o r 5 m long m o v i n g in a
m a g n e t i c field of 3 Τ has a force of 12 Ν
exerted o n it, the current in the c o n d u c t o r
is
• a 800 m A
• b 60 m A
• c 32 m A
•
7.17
7.20
2 T, the i n d u c e d E M F is
1.9 V
4.4 V
6.2 V
10.8 V
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.19 the c o n d u c t o r length is
doubled, the i n d u c e d E M F is
• a 3.8 V
• ft 8.8 V
• c 12.4 V
• d 21.6 V
7.21
If 2 V is i n d u c e d in a c o n d u c t o r 5-1
0 m m long
m o v i n g at a velocity of 5 m s
at right
angles to a m a g n e t i c field, the flux density
is
• a 8 Τ
• ft 10 Τ
• c 12 Τ
• d 50 Τ
7.22
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.21 the E M F induced is
2 4 V, the c o n d u c t o- r 1length 6 8 0 m m and the
velocity 10 m s , the flux density is
approximately
• a 1.22 Τ
• ft 3.53 Τ
• c 8.63 Τ
• d 9.17 Τ
Electromagnetism
7.23
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.21 the E M F i n d u c e d is 16
m o v i n g in a m a g n e t i c field of 6 T. T h e
velocity 4 m s " , the flux density is
1 is
c o n d u c t o r velocity
•
•
•
7.25
a 0.1 Τ
•
a 0.1 m s " 1
b 1 Τ
•
b 0.5 m s " 1
c 10 Τ
•
c 0.7 m s " 1
d 100 Τ
•
d 0.8 m s "
If the c o n d u c t o r length in Q u e s t i o n 7.23 is
increased by a factor of 4 , the i n d u c e d E M F
a n d the velocity r e m a i n i n g the s a m e , the
flux density is
•
a 0.4 Τ
•
•
b LOT
c 1.25 Τ
•
d 2.5 Τ
A v o l t a g e of 4 8 0 m V is i n d u c e d in1 a
c o n d u c t o r m o v i n g at a velocity of 6 m s" in
a m a g n e t i c field of 0.8 T. T h e c o n d u c t o r
length is
•
•
7.30
•
•
7.31
a 10 m m
b 100 m m
•
elm
•
d 10 m
7.27
1 i n d u c e d is
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.25 the voltage
5 0 0 mV, the velocity 4 m s " a n d the flux
density 1.25 T, the c o n d u c t o r length is
•
•
a 50 m m
b 500 m m
•
•
c 0.1 m
d 1.0 m
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.25 the v o l t a1g e i n d u c e d is
8 0 0 mV, the velocity 8 m s " a n d the flux
density 0.1 T, the c o n d u c t o r length is
•
•
•
•
7.28
a
b
c
d
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
7.33
0.1 m
0.2 m
0.02 m
0.0025 m
•
•
a 6 ms" 1
b 20 m s " 1
•
c 18 m s 1
"
•
d 5 ms"
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.29 the c o n d u c t o r length is
4 0 0 m m , the i n d u c e d voltage 5 0 0 m V and
the flux density 5 T, the c o n d u c t o r velocity
1
is
• a 2 5 0 m m1
s"
b 2.5 m s "1
c 25 m s " 1
d 50 m s "
A m a g n e t i c flux of 6 0 0 μλ\Ί} acts t h r o u g h a
coil of 1500 turns a n d is r e v e r s e d in 0.5 s.
T h e a v e r a g e v a l u e of the i n d u c e d E M F is
•
•
•
•
7.34
c 10 m s " 1
d 15 m s "
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.30 the i n d u c e d voltage is
d o u b l e d , the n e1w c o n d u c t o r velocity is
•
•
•
1.0 m
2.0 m
10 m m
5 mm
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.25 the v o l t a1g e i n d u c e d is
5 0 m V , t h e velocity 10 m s " a n d the flux
density 2 T, the c o n d u c t o r length is
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.29 the c o n d u c t o r length is
3 0 0 m m , the i n d u c e d voltage 9 V a n d the
flux density 3 1
T, the c o n d u c t o r velocity is
Q α 3 ms"1
• b 9 ms" 1
7.32
7.26
6 V is i n d u c e d in a c o n d u c t o r 2 m long
V, the c o n d u c t1o r length 4 0 0 m m a n d the
•
7.24
7.29
45
a
b
c
d
1.6 V
2.35 V
3.6 V
4.9 V
If the reversal t i m e in Q u e s t i o n 7.33 is
d o u b l e d , the i n d u c e d E M F is
•
a 3.2 V
•
b 1.8 V
•
c 7.2 V
•
d 9.8 V
46
7.35
Electromagnet! sm
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.33 the flux is 4 6 0 μλΜ), the
n u m b e r of turns 4 5 0 and the reversal t i m e
100 m s , the induced E M F is
• a 4.14 V
•
•
•
7.36
7.37
7.38
b 2.36 V
c 6.82 V
d 1.22 V
If the reversal time in Q u e s t i o n 7.35 is
halved, the i n d u c e d E M F is
•
•
•
•
7.41
a
b
c
d
1.68
2.07
8.28
2.44
7.42
V
V
V
V
A coil of 5 0 0 turns is w o u n d o n a w o o d e n
ring h a v i n g a m e a n c i r c u m f e r e n c e of
2 0 0 m m . If the current in the coil is 2 A, the
1
m a g n e t i c field strength
is
•
•
a 1000 A m " 1
b 1500 A m " 1
•
•
c 2500 A m " 1
d 5000 A m "
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.37 the n u m b e r of turns is
4 0 0 , the c i r c u m f e r e n c e 8 0 0 m m a n d the
1 strength is
current 4 A , the field
•
•
a 1000 A m " 1
b 2000 A m " 1
•
•
c 3000 A m " 1
d 4000 A m "
7.39
If the n u m b e r of turns in Q u e s t i o n 7.38 is
1
doubled, the field strength
is
• a 2000 A m " 1
• b 1000 A m " 1
• c 4000 A m " 1
• d 1500 A m "
7.40
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.37 the n u m b e r of turns is
150, the circumference 9 0 0 m m a n d the
1 strength is
current 6 A, the field
• a 1000 A m " 1
• b 2000 A m " 1
• c 4000 A m " 1
• d 6000 A m "
A coil 150 m -1
m in length has a field strength
of 1000 A m
w h e n the current flowing is
15 A. T h e n u m b e r of turns o n the coil is
•
a 5
•
•
•
b 10
c 25
d 65
-1
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.41 the length
is 2 5 0 m m ,
a n d the current
the field strength 5 0 0 A m
2.5 A, the n u m b e r of turns is
•
a 12
•
b 20
•
•
c 50
d 100
7.43
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.42 the current is doubled,
the n u m b e r of turns required to give the
s a m e field strength is
• a 24
• b 25
• c 100
• d 200
7.44
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.41 the length -1
is 2 0 0 m m ,
the field strength 1100 A m
and the
current 5.5 A , the n u m b e r of turns is
• a 14
•
b 15
•
•
c 28
d 40
7.45
T h e current required1 to p r o d u c e a field
strength of 1200 A m " i n a coil of 6 0 0 turns
h a v i n g a m e a n length of 140 m m is
• a 0.28 A
• b 0.92 A
• c 1.86 A
• d 2.44 A
7.46
If in Q u e-s t i1o n 7.45 the field strength is
1800 A m , the n u m b e r of turns 9 0 and the
length 100 m m , the current is
• a 1.6 A
• b 1.8 A
• c 2 A
• d 2.2 A
Electromagnet! sm 47
7.47
If in-Q u1e s t i o n 7.45 t h e field strength is 1 6 0 0
Am
7.53
, t h e n u m b e r of turns 160 a n d t h e
length 0 . 2 5 m , t h e current is
•
b 1.53 A
•
•
•
•
c 1.92 A
•
•
d 2.5 A
•
7.48
7.50
a 1.11 A
If in Q u- e s1t i o n 7.45 t h e field strength is
7 5 0 A m , t h e n u m b e r of turns 2 5 0 0 a n d
the length 3 4 0 m m , t h e current is
• a 102 m A
•
•
•
7.49
7.54
•
a 150 m m
•
b 300 m m
•
•
c 600 m m
d 900 m m
If in Q u e s t i o n 7 . 4 9 t h e n u m b e r of turns is
- 1
2 0 0 , t h e current
8 A a n d t h e field strength
1600 A m , t h e c i r c u m f e r e n c e is
•
•
a 280 m m
b 640 m m
•
•
c 1000 m m
d 1200 m m
7.55
7.56
A coil h a s 100 turns w o u n d o n a n o n m a g n e t i c former with a c i r c u m f e r e n c e of
5 0 0 m m 2 a n d a cross-sectional area of
6 0 0 m m . If t h e current in t h e coil is 10 A ,
1
the m a g n e t i c field strength
is
•
•
•
•
7.52
a
b
c
d
2000
2500
6000
7500
Am"1
Am"1
Am"1
Am"
T h e flux density in Q u e s t i o n 7 . 5 1 , g i v e n
1
that-7t h e permeability
of free s p a c e is 4 π X
1 0 H m " , is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 1.33 m T
• b 1.62 m T
• c 1.92 m T
• d 2.51 m T
d 1.1 μ \ Μ )
If in Q u e s t i o n 7 . 5 1 t h e n u m b e r of turns is
•
•
•
•
b 900 m A
c 1.62 A
d 9.22 A
T h e c i r c u m f e r e n c e of a ring h a v i n g 150
turns a n d a current of-1
5 A p r o d u c i n g a field
is
strength of 2 5 0 0 A m
a 1.2 μ W b
b 1.5 μ \ Μ )
c 6.1 μ W b
200, the circumference 2
4 0 0 m m , t h e crosssectional area 2 0 0 m m
a n d t h e current
2 0 A , t h e m a g n e t i c 1field strength is
7.57
7.51
In Q u e s t i o n 7.51 t h e total flux is a p p r o x imately
3350 A m " 1
6200 A m " 1
8500 A m " 1
10000 A m "
T h e flux density
approximately
•
•
a 6.39 m T
b 12.57 m T
•
•
c 15.62 m T
d 16.44 m T
in Q u e s t i o n
7 . 5 4 is
T h e total flux in Q u e s t i o n 7 . 5 4 is a p p r o x imately
•
•
a 2.47 μ W b
b 4 . 1 1 ^Wb
•
•
c 2 . 5 1 pWb
d 6.32 μ \ ^ )
A coil w o u n d o n a w o o d e n b o b b i_n 1
has a
m a g n e t i c field strength of 2 5 0 0 A m . If the
- 1
total flux is 2 5 μ\νΐ> a n d-7the permeability
of
free s p a c e 4ττ Χ 1 0 H m , t h e crosssectional area of t h e b o b b i n is a p p r o x 2
imately
•
•
•
•
7.58
a
b
c
d
a
b
c
d
3261mm2
4126 m m 2
7958 m m 2
8600 m m
If in-1
Q u e s t i o n 7.57 the field strength is 2 2 0 0
Am
a n d t h e total flux 3 0 μ\νΐ), t h e crosssectional area is a2p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 4622 m m 2
•
•
•
b 5831mm2
c 6800 m m 2
d 10 8 5 1 m m
48
7.59
7.60
Electromagnetism
If in Q u e-1
s t i o n 7.57 the field strength is
2000 A m
a n d the total flux 2 μ \ ¥ ο , the
2 is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
cross-sectional area
•
•
a 240 m m 2
b 796 m m 2
•
•
c 850 m m 2
d 900 m m
A coil w o u n d on a plastic former h a s a total
2
flux of 2 0 \xNsfb
and a cross-sectional area
7 p e r m1e a b i l i t y of
of 4 5 0 0 m m . G i v e n that the
free space is 4ττ Χ 1 0 " H m " , the field
1 ately
strength is a p p r o x i m
• a 3537 A m " 1
• b 4520 A m " 1
•
•
7.61
7.62
a
b
c
d
2681
3082
5200
7074
Am"1
Am"1
Am"1
Am"
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.60 the2 total flux is 2.3 μ \ Μ )
and the area 2 4 0 m m , the field strength is
1
approximately
• a 4800 A m " 1
• b 7626 A m " 1
•
•
c 8100 A m " 1
d 9216 A m "
7.66
7.67
7.68
If a coil h a s a field strength of 2 5 0 0 A m " ,
- 1
and-7the permeability
of free space is 4ττ X
10
H m , the flux density is a p p r o x imately
• a 1.28 m T
• b 2.61 m T
• c 3.14 m T
•
7.64
d 5.33 m T
If in- Q1u e s t i o n 7.63 t h e field strength is 4 5 0
A m , the flux density is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 0.57 m T
• b 1.12 m T
• c 2.88 m T
• d 3.06 m T
•
c 9.05 m T
d 9.94 m T
A coil w o u n d uniformly on a n o n - m a g n e t i c
2 long. T h e crossring has an air g a p 4 m m
sectional area is 2 0 c m . T h e n u m b e r of
a m p e r e turns required to establish a total
flux of 10 m W b in the air g a p , given that the
7
1 of free space equals 4ττ X
permeability
1 0 " H m " , is a p p r o1x i m a t e l y
•
•
a 15 9 1 5 A T " 1
b 17 6 2 2 A T " 1
•
c 18731 A T " 1
•
d 19600 A T "
If in Q u e s t i2o n 7.66 the air g a p is 2 m m , the
area 25 c m and the total flux 15 m W b , the
n u m b e r of a m p e r e turns required is
approximately
• a 5120
b 6233
c 9549
d 10600
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.66 the air g a p is doubled,
the n u m b e r of a m p e r e turns required is
•
•
•
•
7.69
a 7.54 m T
b 8.62 m T
•
•
•
•
1
7.63
If in- Q u1e s t i o n 7.63 the field strength is 6 0 0 0
A m , the flux density is approximately
•
•
c 5522 A m " 1
d 6010 A m "
2 flux is 4 0 ^Wb
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.60 the total
and the area is 4 5 0 0 m m , the field strength
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1
•
•
•
•
7.65
a
b
c
d
Halved
Doubled
Increased b y a factor of 4
D e c r e a s e d b y a factor of 4
A n iron 2ring h a s a cross-sectional area of
1 of 0.2 m and a field
5 0 0 m m , a m e a n length
strength of 2 0 0 A m " . If the coil has 4 0 0
-7
- 1free space is
turns a n d the permeability
of
t a k e n as 4ττ Χ 1 0
H m , the current
required to p r o d u c e a m a g n e t i c flux of
5 5 0 μλΜ) is
• a 0.06 A
• b 0.1 A
• c 0.8 A
• d 1.3 A
Electromagnetism
7.70
7.71
7.73
T h e flux density in Q u e s t i o n 7.69 is
•
a 0.9 Τ
•
ft
•
c 1.1 Τ
•
d 1.2 Τ
LOT
•
•
7.74
c 2602
d 4377
2
7.72
- 1
If in Q u e s t i o n 7.69 the area is 8 0 0 m m , the
length 0.1 m , the field strength 3 0 0 A m ,
the n u m b e r of turns 5 0 0 a n d the total flux
4 0 0 μ\νΐ>, the flux density is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
0.5
1.5
2.5
4.5
Τ
Τ
Τ
Τ
T h e required current in Q u e s t i o n 7.72 is
• a 3 mA
• ft 6 m A
•
•
T h e relative permeability of the iron in
Q u e s t i o n 7.69 is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 1553
• b 1982
7.75
49
c 60 m A
d 600 m A
T h e relative p e r m e a b i l i t y in Q u e s t i o n 7.72
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
a 606
•
•
•
ft 7 3 2
c 940
d 1326
If the cross-sectional area2 in Q u e s t i o n 7.72
w a s c h a n g e d to 4 0 0 m m , the flux density
w o u l d then b e
• a 0.75 Τ
• ft 0.85 Τ
• c LOT
• d 1.5 Τ
8
AC circuits
8.1
In the d i a g r a m the current / is
• a 0.62 A
• b 1.23 A
• c 1.59 A
• d 2.31 A
0,2 h [
8.5
If in Q u e s t i o n 8.1 the voltage is 140 V
125 H z a n d the current 3 A, the inductance
of the coil is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
a 0.032 H
•
•
•
b 0.059 H
c 0.62 H
d 0.94 H
g O V
1_J
8.6
8.2
If in Question 8.1 the coil h a s an i n d u c t a n c e
of 0.5 H a n d the input voltage is 6 0 V with
a frequency of 100 H z , the current is
•
•
a 0.19 A
b 0.76 A
•
•
c 1.34 A
d 2.66 A
8.3
If in Q u e s t i o n 8.1 the inductor is 1.5 H a n d
the current / 4.5 A , the input voltage at a
frequency of 2 0 H z is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 240 V
• b 410 V
• c 640 V
• d 848 V
8.4
If in Q u e s t i o n 8.1 the inductor is 5 5 0 m H
and the current / is 100 m A , the input
voltage at a frequency of 1 k H z is a p p r o x imately
• a 128 V
• b 346 V
• c 624 V
• d 860 V
If in Q u e s t i o n 8.1 the voltage is 5 0 V 6 0 H z
a n d the current 7.6 A , the inductance is
• a 17.45 m H
•
•
•
b 240.6 m H
c 6.2 H
d 9.7 H
8.7
If in Q u e s t i o n 8.1 the voltage is 12 V, the
current 12.4 A and the inductance 2 4 0 μ Η ,
the frequency is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 246 Hz
• b 390 Hz
• c 484 Hz
• d 642 Hz
8.8
If in Q u e s t i o n 8.1 the voltage is 1.6 V, the
current 100 m A a n d the i n d u c t a n c e 100 μ Η ,
the frequency is
• a 16.823 k H z
• b 25.464 kHz
Π c 40 k H z
• d 60 kHz
AC circuits
8.9
In the d i a g r a m the current / is a p p r o x imately
8.14
• a 0.2 A
• ft 0.8 A
•
•
c 1.1 A
d 2.6 A
2 5 uF
I /\
L_
1 40 V
8.15
_J
5 0 Hz
8.10
If in Q u e s t i o n 8.9 the voltage is 2 4 0 V
2 0 0 H z a n d the c a p a c i t a n c e 0.5 μ¥, the
current is
• a 0.64 A
•
•
•
8.11
8.12
If in Q u e s t i o n 8.9 the c a p a c i t a n c e is 2 μ Ρ
a n d the current 0.5 A , t h e v o l t a g e at a
frequency of 6 0 H z is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 663 V
•
b 748 V
•
•
c 820 V
d 915 V
•
•
a 4.3 μ Ρ
b 5.7 μ Ρ
•
•
c 10.8 μ Ρ
d 12.6 μ Ρ
If in Q u e s t i o n 8.9 the c a p a c i t a n c e is 6 8 0 pF,
the current 5 0 0 m A a n d the voltage 1 kV,
the frequency is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 47 kHz
• b 86 k H z
• c 93 kHz
8.16
If in Q u e s t i o n 8.9 the c a p a c i t a n c e is 150 pF,
the current 2 m A a n d the voltage 2.5 kV, the
frequency is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
8.17
d 117 k H z
a
b
c
d
630
724
849
933
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a series R-L circuit. T h e
current / is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
a 1.93 A
b 2.16 A
c 3.147 A
•
d 4.231 A
If in Q u e s t i o n 8.9 the c a p a c i t a n c e is 3.5 μ Ρ
a n d the current 1.8 A , the voltage at a
frequency of 130 H z is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
8.13
If in Q u e s t i o n 8.9 the current is 1.6 A a n d
the v o l t a g e 180 V 2 5 0 H z , t h e c a p a c i t a n c e is
approximately
•
b 0.08 A
c 0.11 A
d 0.15 A
51
a
b
c
d
336
480
630
900
0.12H
£
V
V
V
V
If in Q u e s t i o n 8.9 the current is 4 . 2 A a n d
the voltage 2 1 0 V 8 0 H z , the c a p a c i t a n c e is
approximately
• a 39.8 μ Ρ
• b 45.2 μ Ρ
• c 50.3 μ Ρ
• d 70.7 μ Ρ
1 5R
8.18
Lf v
f
ΓΊ 1
T h e voltage V
L
approximately
• a 88 V
• ft 9 3 V
• c 106 V
• d 142 V
Τ
6 Z0 H
1 5 V0
VR
in
Question
8.17
is
52
8.19
AC circuits
T h e voltage V
R in
approximately
Question
8.17
is
8.25
• a 47 V
• ft 6 9 V
• c 83 V
•
8.20
If in Q u e s t i o n 8.17 the resistance is 10 Ω,
the i n d u c t a n c e 0.2 H a n d the voltage 120 V
(50 H z ) , the current is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 1.22 A
•
•
•
8.21
d 91 V
8.26
ft 1.89 A
c 2.68 A
d 3.21 A
In Question 8.20 the true p o w e r is a p p r o x imately
• a 16.8 W
In Q u e s t i o n 8.23
approximately
• a 83.2°
•
ft
•
c 46.6°
•
d 33.1°
o <·*>% τ
8.23
- . ι
η
•
a 36°
ft 4 5 °
c 67°
d 81°
ι
·
5 0V
Z
ΓΊ
Τ VR
2 0 0R
8.27
In Q u e s t i o n 8.26 the circuit i m p e d a n c e is
r
J
.
approximately
• a 120 Ω
• ft 261 Ω
• c 316 Ω
• d 498 Ω
If in Q u e s t i o n 8.17 the resistance is 15 Ω,
the i n d u c t a n c e 0.12 Η a n d the voltage 150 V
(60 H z ) , the circuit i m p e d a n c e is a p p r o x imately
• a 19.34 Ω
• ft 27.68 Ω
• c 39.33 Ω
• d 47.66 Ω
In Q u e s t i o n 8.23
approximately
• a 0.315
• ft 0.464
• c 0.723
• d 0.814
is
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a series R-C circuit.
T h e reactive i m p e d a n c e is approximately
• a 260 Ω
• ft 3 1 8 Ω
• c 473 Ω
• d 566 Ω
Τ
8.28
8.29
8.24
angle
V!_J
In Q u e s t i o n 8.20 the circuit p h a s e angle is
approximately
•
•
•
phase
71.7°
• ft 35.6 W
• c 47.8 W
• d 60.7 W
8.22
the
the
power
factor
is
In Q u e s t i o n
imately
• a 103
• ft 119
• c 121
• d 133
8.26 the current / is approxmA
mA
mA
mA
If in Q u e s t i o n 8.26 the resistance is 100 Ω,
the capacitance 12 μ¥ a n d the voltage 6 0 V
( 1 2 0 H z ) , the voltage across the resistor is
approximately
• a 40 V
• ft 4 5 V
• c 50 V
• d 55 V
5
AC circuits
8.30
In Q u e s t i o n 8.29 the v o l t a g e across
the
8.36
capacitor is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
8.31
•
a 430 m A
•
b 678 m A
•
c 30.2 V
•
c 782 m A
•
d 44.5 V
•
d 906 m A
In Q u e s t i o n 8.29 the true p o w e r is a p p r o x imately
• a 16.2 W
8.35
a
b
c
d
20.6
24.2
28.2
30.4
is
8.38
VA
VA
VA
VA
In Q u e s t i o n 8.29 the p o w e r factor is
•
•
•
•
8.34
8.37
b 43.3 W
c 46.6 W
d 55.4 W
In Q u e s t i o n 8.29 the a p p a r e n t p o w e r
approximately
•
•
•
•
8.33
imately
• ft 26.6 V
•
•
•
8.32
T h e current / in Q u e s t i o n 8.35 is a p p r o x -
a 19.8 V
•
a
b
c
d
0.22
0.44
0.67
0.96
8.39
In Q u e s t i o n 8.29 the circuit p h a s e angle is
approximately
•
a 24.6°
•
•
•
b 47.9°
c 55.4°
d 60.7°
8.40
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a series R-L-C
circuit.
T h e circuit i m p e d a n c e is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
67 Ω
96 Ω
100 Ω
118 Ω
0 £J : H V
l
„
~1
8R
t 'L
8 0V
1 0z0 H
Τ
VR
53
In Q u e s t i o n 8.35 the true p o w e r is a p p r o x imately
•
•
•
a 1.39 W
b 2.18 W
c 2.67 W
•
d 3.68 W
If in Q u e s t i o n 8.35 the resistor value is 6 Ω,
the c a p a c i t a n c e 2 8 0 μΕ, the i n d u c t a n c e
0.015 Η a n d the voltage 110 V (60 H z ) , the
current / is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
a 10.4 A
b 12.6 A
c 15.5 A
•
d 19.8 A
In Q u e s t i o n 8.38 the voltage across
resistor is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
a 31.2 V
•
•
•
b 40.8 V
c 60.6 V
d 92.8 V
In Q u e s t i o n 8.38 the voltage across
inductor is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
a 42.2 V
•
b 70.7 V
•
•
c 87.5 V
d 99.9 V
the
the
8.41
In Q u e s t i o n 8.38 the voltage across
capacitor is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 150 V
• ft 147 V
• c 110 V
• d 55 V
8.42
In Q u e s t i o n 8.38 the true p o w e r is a p p r o x imately
• a 664 W
• ft 7 6 2 W
• c 900 W
• d 1435 W
the
54
8.43
AC circuits
In Q u e s t i o n 8.38 the circuit p h a s e angle is
approximately
•
•
•
•
8.44
a
b
c
d
50 Hz
120 H z
160 H z
350 Hz
a
b
c
d
36Hz
98 Hz
164 H z
408 Hz
τ
8.48
circuit.
8.52
d 1.79 A
± IR
Ψ IL
In Q u e s t i o n
imately
• a 0.1
• b 0.5
• c 0.8
• d 1.2
a 83.34 Ω
•
•
•
b 90.66 Ω
c 95.82 Ω
d 99.21 Ω
T h e circuit p h a s e angle in Q u e s t i o n 8.49 is
approximately
• a 20.71°
• b 26.42°
c 33.55°
d 45.18°
T h e true p o w e r in Q u e s t i o n 8.49 is
• a 106 W
• b 144 W
•
c 162 W
•
d 198 W
T h e total current / in Q u e s t i o n 8.49
approximately
• a 1.16 A
• b 1.32 A
is
c 1.44 A
d 1.68 A
1
8.53
T h e reactive p o w e r in Q u e s t i o n 8.49
approximately
• a 20.6 VA
• b 5 0 . 4 VA
• c 6 0 . 2 VA
• d 95.5 VA
8.54
T h e a p p a r e n t p o w e r in Q u e s t i o n 8.49 is
approximately
• a 120 VA
• b 139 VA
• c 160 VA
• d 173 VA
8.46 the current I
L is a p p r o x -
A
A
A
A
In Q u e s t i o n 8.46
approximately
• a 1.42 A
• b 1.96 A
• c 2.87 A
• d 3.49 A
•
•
•
/j\ /
0 Η4
?Τ .
100 V
56R ί ° · Λ
500Hz
Ί
If the p a r a m e t e r s in Q u e s t i o n 8.46 are R =
100 Ω, L = 0.06 Η and V = 120 V ( 4 0 0 H z ) ,
the total circuit i m p e d a n c e is approximately
•
•
8.51
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a parallel R-L
T h e current I is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
R
• a 1.22 A
• b 1.48 A
• c 1.64 A
•
8.47
8.50
If a series circuit has an i n d u c t a n c e of 1.4 Η
a n d a capacitance of 14 μ Ρ , the r e s o n a n t
frequency is
•
•
•
•
8.46
24.1°
32.5°
40.8°
70.7 °
In a series circuit with an i n d u c t a n c e of
0.0318 H a n d a c a p a c i t a n c e of 3 1 8 μ Ρ , the
resonant frequency is
•
•
•
•
8.45
a
b
c
d
8.49
the total current /
is
is
AC circuits
8.55
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a parallel R-C
T h e current I is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
circuit.
8.61
R
• a 4.2 A
• ft 5.3 A
•
•
c 6.8 A
d 7.6 A
Ψ IR
N/~IC
_L
I
I
/j\ /
210V
8.62
I
If in Q u e s t i o n 8.55 the p a r a m e t e r s are R =
6 8 Ω, C = 4 5 μ Ρ , V = 180 V ( 4 0 H z ) , the
total c u r r e n t / is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
a 2.67 A
•
•
•
b 2.98 A
c 3.02 A
d 3.34 A
In Q u e s t i o n 8.61
approximately
• a 25.82°
• b 31.22°
•
•
8.56
In Q u e s t i o n 8.55 the current I is a p p r o x c
imately
• a 1.67 A
•
•
•
8.57
8.58
b 2.48 A
c 3.96 A
d 4.88 A
8.64
In Q u e s t i o n 8.55
approximately
•
•
a 3.88 A
b 4.21 A
•
•
c 5.77 A
d 6.31 A
the
total
current
is
8.59
In Q u e s t i o n 8.55 the circuit p h a s e angle is
• a 43.3°
• b 60.5 °
• c 68.7°
• d 75.4°
8.60
In Q u e s t i o n
• a 555
• b 624
• c 882
• d 900
8.55 the true p o w e r is
W
W
W
W
phase
angle
is
c 37.56°
d 60.68 °
b 6 0 1 VA
c 8 3 0 VA
d 962 VA
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a parallel L-C circuit.
T h e total current / is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 515 m A
• b 603 m A
• c 728 m A
•
d 62.38 Ω
the
In Q u e s t i o n 8.61 the a p p a r e n t p o w e r is
• a 4 8 2 VA
•
•
•
In Q u e s t i o n 8.55 the total circuit i m p e d a n c e
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 30.42 Ω
• b 36.39 Ω
• c 50.81 Ω
•
8.63
55
d 770 m A
\^IC
I
Ψ IL
J
7\\ I
I
8.65
In Q u e s t i o n 8.64 the circuit p h a s e a n g l e is
• a 30°
• b 45°
• c 55°
• d 90°
8.66
In Q u e s t i o n 8.64 t h e true p o w e r c o n s u m e d
Q Û O W
• ft 2 0 W
•
•
c 90 W
d 95 W
56
8.67
AC circuits
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a parallel R-L-C
cuit. T h e current I
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
a 1.25 A
b 1.88 A
•
•
c 2.05 A
d 2.62 A
cir-
8.72
LR
ILR
C
/ N
/
I
8.73
£ θ 2 5Η
-L
240V
Z Z 50uF 50Hz
47R
8.68
In Q u e s t i o n 8.67 the current I
c is a p p r o x -
imately
•
•
•
•
8.69
8.70
2.09
3.11
6.81
7.45
•
•
b 2.03 A
c 3.44 A
•
d 6.81 A
c 7 0 5 VA
d 7 5 8 VA
The
/
cuit.
•
•
d i a g r a m s h o w s a parallel R-L-C
S
T h e r e s o n a n t frequency is
a 11.26 H z
b 14.8 H z
cir-
c 20Hz
d 68 Hz
IL
Z 14UF =
140R
τ
the total current /
48.46°
55.13°
65.83°
75.86°
In Q u e s t i o n 8.67 the true p o w e r is
• a HOW
• b 200 W
• c 323 W
• d 639 W
I
is
8.74
If the c o m p o n e n t values in Q u e s t i o n 8.73
are R = 2 Ω, L = 1.6 H and C = 3.3 μ¥, the
r e s o n a n t frequency is
• a 17Hz
• b 32Hz
• c 44Hz
• d 69 Hz
8.75
If the c o m p o n e n t values in Q u e s t i o n 8.73
are R = 4 Ω, L = 1 m H and C = 0.02 μ Ρ , the
r e s o n a n t frequency is
• a 16.341 k H z
• b 35.582 kHz
• c 47.881 kHz
• d 58.403 kHz
In Q u e s t i o n 8.67 the circuit p h a s e angle is
approximately
a
b
c
d
b 4 8 7 VA
•
•
ς14Η
A
A
A
A
In Q u e s t i o n 8.67
approximately
• a 1.46 A
•
•
•
•
8.71
a
b
c
d
•
•
•
1
Τ
In Q u e s t i o n 8.67 the apparent p o w e r is
• a 361 VA
9
9.1
Phasors and transformers
χ + jy is called
9.7
• a A n exponential number
• ft A n o d d n u m b e r
• c An even number
•
9,2
9.3
·
T
•
c An imaginary number
•
c +1
•
d An odd number
•
d χ
In the e x p r e s s i o n χ + /y, /y, the vertical
A n e x p r e s s i o n such as OA = OB + j O C is
9.9
-\
/-1
• ft
•
•
0
α A r e c t a n g u l a r or cartesian notation
y
c χ
d -1
e
eT9 xhn1 βp χ sr iee l sq0 su t i a o
1a +
•
ft
•
c-JC
•
•
•
i / -_y
•
x
.
.? ·
T h e e x p r e s s i o n / is equal to
• α 0
• ft A t r i g o n o m e t r i c notation
c An argument
d A polar notation
A n e x p r e s s i o n such as OA (cos θ + j sin Θ) is
called
• a A modulus
• ft A t r i g o n o m e t r i c notation
• c A polar notation
h
operator./ is equal to
Ώ a
• ft
•
9.6
e
180° clockwise
180° anticlockwise
9 0 ° clockwise
9 0 ° anticlockwise
a A complex number
b A real n u m b e r
called
9.5
8
a
b
c
d
•
•
c o m p o n e n t , is
• a A real n u m b e r
• ft A n i m a g i n a r y n u m b e r
• c An even number
• d A complex number
9.4
•
•
•
•
d A complex number
In the e x p r e s s i o n χ + jy, JC, the horizontal
c o m p o n e n t , is
T h e operator j rotates a p h a s o r
9.11
-1
T h e e x p r e s s i o n β is equal to
• a j
-j
• c 1
• d -1
• ft
d An argument
A p h a s o r written as OA /Θ is called
• a A polar notation
• ft A trigonometric notation
• c A rectangular notation
• d An exponential
9.12
The expression f
• a 1
• ft - 1
•
•
c j
d -1
is equal to
58
Phasors and transmitters
9.21
- 4 -j3
• a
• b
• c
• d
y'23 e x p r e s s e d in polar form is
a 18.67 / 4 5 . 3 2 °
b 22.34 /50.48 °
c 26.42 /60.52°
d 45/70°
9.22
5 / 3 6 . 8 7 e x p r e s s e d in rectangular form is
• a 4 + 4j
• b 4 - β
• c 3 + β
• J 4 + β
y'34 e x p r e s s e d in polar form is
a 46.69/46.74°
b 50.21 / 5 0 . 4 1 °
c 60.66 /20.32°
J 70.71 / 4 5 °
9.23
5 7143.13 ° e x p r e s s e d in rectangular form
is
• a - 4 - 7*3
• b 4 + 7*3
• c - 4 + 7'3
• i/ - 4 + 7*5
9.24
5 / - 1 4 3 . 1 3 ° e x p r e s s e d in rectangular form
is
• a - 4 - 7*3
• b 4 -7*3
• c - 4 + 7*3
• d 4 + 7*3
9.25
5 7 - 3 6 . 8 7 ° e x p r e s s e d in rectangular form
is
• a 4 + 7*3
• ft 4 - 7*3
• c - 4 + 7*3
• d - 4 -7*3
9.26
W h e n 2 + 7*3 is a d d e d to 4 - 7 the a n s w e r in
polar form is
• a 6.32/18.43°
• ft 7 . 1 1 / 2 5 . 1 8 °
• c 8.46 / 6 ( T
• d 9.22/65.4°
9.27
W h e n 4 - 7 is a d d e d to 6 + 7*4 the a n s w e r in
polar form is
• a 1.24/45°
• ft 3 . 3 1 / 6 3 . 2 °
• c 7.44/12.2°
• d 10.44/16.7°
9.13
T h e expression /
• a 1
• ft - 1
• c j
• d -j
9.14
13 +
•
•
•
•
9.15
32 +
•
•
•
•
9.16
2 0 0 + 7*150 expressed in polar form is
• a 190 / 3 Q °
• b 200/60°
• c 220 /45.62°
• d 250 /36.87 °
9.17
9.18
is equal to
- 4 + 7*3 expressed in polar form is
• a 5/-143.13°
• b 5/143.13°
• c 4.5 / 1 4 3 . 1 3 °
• d 4.5 / - 1 4 3 . 1 3 °
- 1 8 + 7*12 expressed in polar form is
• a 21.63/146.3°
• b 33.42 / - 5 0 °
• c 48.69 /120.4°
• d 63.33 / - 1 1 6 °
9.19
-2 +
•
•
•
•
9.20
5 - 7*3 expressed in polar form is
• a 4.61 / 3 ( T
• b 5.83 / - 3 0 . 9 6 °
• c 6.26 / 6 0 . 3 3 °
• J 6.26 / - 6 0 °
7 expressed in polar form is
a 2.12/62°
b 2.18 / 7 3 . 4 2 °
c 2.21 / 1 2 0 . 3 1 °
d 2.24 / l 5 3 . 4 4 °
e x p r e s s e d in polar form is
5 7143.13°
5 /-36.87°
5 7-143.13°
5 736.87°
Phasors and transmitters
9.28
59
W h e n - 2 - j4 is a d d e d to - 3 - j9 the
a n s w e r in polar form is
• a 14.6 / - 2 0 °
• ft 15.5 / 1 0 1 °
• c 13.9 7 - 1 1 1 °
• d 21.2/120°
9.35
9.29
W h e n 4 0 - j60 is a d d e d to 25 - j50 t h e
a n s w e r in polar form is
• a 104.63 / - 3 0 °
• b 127.77/-59.42°
• c 130.94 7 6 0 °
• d 145.22/45°
9.36
W h e n 3 + j5 is subtracted from 4 - j2 the
a n s w e r in polar form is
• a 5.41 / 3 5 . 5 1 °
• b 6.32 7 - 6 1 . 4 8 °
• c 7.07 7 - 8 1 . 8 7 °
• d 8.08 / 6 2 . 8 4 °
9.30
W h e n 2 0 + 7*30 is a d d e d to 4 0 + 76Ο t h e
a n s w e r in polar form is
• a 108.17/56.3°
• b 62.33 / 4 6 . 2 °
• c 70.61
• d 81.12/33.2°
9.37
W h e n 10 (30^ is subtracted from 10 / 6 0 °
the a n s w e r is
• a 5.17/135°
• b 6.81 / 1 2 0 °
• c 7.66/45°
• J 9.92 7 1 2 0 °
9.31
W h e n 12 - y45 is a d d e d to 18 + 76Ο the
a n s w e r in polar form is
• a 12.68 / 6 0 . 3 °
• b 15.672/43°
• c 33.54 / 2 6 . 5 7 °
• d 25.3 / 3 0 °
9.38
W h e n 2 + β is multiplied b y 4 - 7 the
a n s w e r is
• a 6 + j6
Q b 3 -j2
• c 6 - y'4
• d 11 + y l O
9.32
W h e n 4.5 - 7*30 is a d d e d to 5 - 76Ο the
a n s w e r in p o l a r form is
• a 90.5 / - 8 3 . 9 7 °
• b 62.38 / 2 7 . 1 °
• c 75.66 / - 1 8 . 7 °
• d 82.34 / 1 6 °
9.39
W h e n 6 + j6 is multiplied b y 5 + β
a n s w e r is
• α β0
j60
• c 6 + j30
• d 6 +;60
When 8
in polar
• a
• b
• c
• d
+ 76Ο is a d d e d to 7 - j"25 the a n s w e r
form is
6/-32°
38.08 / 6 6 . 8 °
18 (42^
27 / - 2 0 °
9.40
W h e n 6 + j4 is subtracted from 4 - j2 the
a n s w e r in polar form is
• a 62.3 / - 1 1 0 °
• b 53 /120.68°
• c 18.54/107°
• d 6.32 / - 1 0 8 . 4 4 °
9.41
•
•
•
•
irr
9.33
9.34
W h e n 4 + j2 is subtracted from 6 + β the
a n s w e r in polar form is
a
b
c
d
1.23/68.28°
2.24 / 2 6 . 5 7 °
4.44 /82.87°
5.15/-32.2°
the
• ft
W h e n 2 + j 9 is divided b y 5 - j2 t h e a n s w e r
is
• a - 0 . 1 5 + 7'4.2
• ft 0.81 + 76.3
•
c 0.96 + 7Ί.73
•
d - 0 . 2 7 6 + yT.69
W h e n 1 - β is divided b y 7 - β the a n s w e r
is
•
a 0.297 -7Ό.2Ι6
• ft 0.622 + 7Ό.8
• c 1.6 + 7I.8
•
d 2.42 + 7I.89
60
9.42
Phasors and transmitters
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s an ideal transformer. If
9.47
p
p
s is
V
9.43
9.48
NpJ
^ Ns
If in Q u e s t i o n 9.42 V = 1600 V, N = 2 0 0 0
p
p
and N = 80, the value of V is
s
• a 640 V
• ft 3 2 0 V
• c 32 V
• d 64 V
9.45
9.46
a 10
300
•
•
c 15
d 6000
If in Q u e s t i o n 9.42 V = 12, V = 2 4 0 and N
s
p
p
= 3 0 0 , the n u m b e r of secondary turns N
s
is
•
c 30
•
d 300
T h e turns ratio of a transformer that transforms 1500 V to 3 0 V is
• a
25:1
• ft 1 : 2 5
• c 50:1
• d 1:50
9.50
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s an ideal transformer
with a resistive load. If the p r i m a r y has 2 0
turns, the n u m b e r of turns on the secondary
is
s
If in Q u e s t i o n 9.42 V = 7 2 mV, N = 145
s
p
and N = 2 9 0 , the input voltage V is
s
p
• a 14 m V
• ft 36 m V
• c 100 m V
• d 144 m V
If in Q u e s t i o n 9.42 V = 5 0 mV, N = 2 5 0 0
s
p
and N = 125, the input voltage Vp is
s
• a 0.1 V
• ft 1.0 V
• c 2.0 V
• d 10.0 V
a 15
ft 150
9.49
• ft 6.25 V
• c 8.25 V
• d 9.25 V
9.44
•
•
•
V
s
If in Question 9.42 V = 2.5 V, N = 4 5 a n d
p
p
N = 2 2 . 5 , the value of V is
s
s
• a 1.25 V
s
• ft
2 4 0 0 , the output voltage from the s e c o n d a r y
Vp
p
N is
p is 2 4 0 , and the
s is
of turns o n the p r i m a r y N
n u m b e r of turns on the secondary N
• a 3.6 V
• ft 36 V
• c 360 V
• d 240 V
If in Q u e s t i o n 9.42 V, = 4 0 0 V, V = 2 0 V
a n d N = 3 0 0 , the n u m b e r of p r i m a r y turns
the p r i m a r y voltage V is 36 V, the n u m b e r
•
•
a 2
ft 2 0
•
•
c 200
d 2000
3 6 0V
9.51
In Q u e s t i o n 9.50 the reflected resistance is
• a 10 Ω
• ft 2 0 Ω
• c 100 Ω
• d 2000 Ω
Phasors and transmitters
9.52
•
9.53
9.58
In Q u e s t i o n 9.50 the p r i m a r y current is
a 1.8 A
•
b 3.6 A
•
c 7.2 A
•
d 8.4 A
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a transformer with a
source resistance R a n d a load resistance
s
R . T h e turns ratio required to m a t c h the
L
load to the source is
•
•
a 2
b 4
•
•
c 8
d 20
In Q u e s t i o n 9.50 the s e c o n d a r y current is
•
•
a 0.12 A
b 0.24 A
•
•
c 0.36 A
d 6.4 A
I '
3o?2R
' I
I
If the circuit in Q u e s t i o n 9.50 h a d
b 90
•
•
c 180
d 18
9.59
r u
In Q u e s t i o n 9.54 the reflected resistance is
• a 10 kXî
• b 20 k i î
•
•
If in Q u e s t i o n 9.58 the source resistance is
5 0 0 Ω a n d t h e l o a d resistance 5 Ω, t h e turns
ratio required for m a t c h i n g is
• a 10
• b 12
•
•
9.60
9.55
m a t c h e d to a 2 0 - Ω load. If the
n u m b e r of s e c o n d a r y turns is 4 0 0 , the
n u m b e r of 0ap r i m7a r y 5turns is
0 8
c 100 Ω
d 200 Ω
In Q u e s t i o n 9.54 the p r i m a r y current is
• a 12 m A
• b 120 m A
• c 1.2 A
• d 12 A
c 14
d 24
A 0transformer
s Ω i with a s o u r c e resistance
2 0 of
•
•
9.56
4R8
the
p a r a m e t e r s V = 2 4 0 V, V = 12 V, N = 3 6 0
p
s
p
a n d R = 5 0 Ω, the n u m b e r of s e c o n d a r y
L
turns is
• a 9
•
X
RL
ι
9.54
61
9.61
*
c
J
5
1100
1265
In the d i a g r a m the p r i m a r y current is
• a 1.28 A
• b 1.94 A
• c 2.76 A
• d 4.43 A
Rs
Η
9.57
In Q u e s t i o n
• a 120
• b 240
• c 480
• d 960
9.54 the s e c o n d a r y current is
mA
mA
mA
mA
- ? Ί
ι
6V0
I
6 0 ? & 0 T
η
L
τ RR V
τ 1
6 90 00
62
9.62
9.63
Phasors and transmitters
In Q u e s t i o n 9.61 the s e c o n d a r y current is
• a 0.194 A
•
ft
•
•
c 2.831 A
d 3.32 A
9.65
1.26 A
a
b
c
d
88 W
100 W
106.2 W
113.1 W
In Question 9.61 the p o w e r dissipated in R
L
is
• a 1.2 W
•
•
b 2.7 W
c 3.4 W
•
d 3.9 W
A 4 0 0 - k V A , 8 0 0 0 - V / 2 0 0 - V transformer h a s
100 turns on the s e c o n d a r y w i n d i n g .
A s s u m i n g an ideal transformer, the m a x i m u m permissible p r i m a r y current is
9.66
9.70
If in Q u e s t i o n 9.68 the p a r a m e t e r s are input
voltage = 100 V ( 5 0 H2z ) , output voltage =
5 0 0 V, area = 12 c m and flux density =
0.4 T, the n u m b e r of p r i m a r y turns is
• a 640
•
•
•
9.71
9.72
In Q u e s t i o n 9.65 the n u m b e r of p r i m a r y
turns is
•
•
•
•
a
ft
c
d
500
1000
2000
4000
9.73
ft 9 3 8
c 1120
d 1438
In Q u e s t i o n 9.68 the n u m b e r of secondary
turns is
•
•
a 2481
ft 3 1 2 2
•
•
c 4690
d 6300
If in Q u e s t i o n 9.68 the p a r a m e t e r s are input
voltage = 2 4 0 V 2
( 1 5 0 H z ) , output voltage =
2 4 V, area = 8 c m a n d flux density = 0.04 T,
the n u m b e r of p r i m a r y turns is
• a 10000
• ft 1 0 4 0 0
• c 11261
•
9.67
2800
3800
4700
6300
In Q u e s t i o n 9.68 the n u m b e r of secondary
turns is
• a 900
• ft 4 0 0
• c 300
• d 100
c 50 A
d 80 A
In Q u e s t i o n 9.65 the m a x i m u m p e r m i s s i b l e
secondary current is
• a 1000 A
• ft 2 0 0 0 A
• c 1500 A
• d 200 A
a
ft
c
d
9.69
• a 10 A
• ft 4 0 A
•
•
A transformer is c o n n e c t e d to a 140-V
( 1 0 0 - H z ) supply a n d the output voltage is
2 0 V. T h e transformer2 c o r e h a s a crosssectional area of 5 c m a n d the m a x i m u m
flux density is 0.1 T. T h e n u m b e r of primary
turns is
•
•
•
•
In Question 9.61 the p o w e r dissipated in R
s
is
•
•
•
•
9.64
9.68
d
14623
In Q u e s t i o n 9.72 the n u m b e r of secondary
turns is
• a 820
• ft 9 4 0
• c 1000
• d 1126
Phasors and transmitters
9.74
A transformer has an input voltage of 15 V
2 is 7 5 0 V.
( 2 0 0 H z ) a n d the output voltage
T h e area of the c o r e is 6 c m
a n d the flux
density is 0.3 T. T h e n u m b e r of s e c o n d a r y
turns is
9.75
A transformer h a s a 200-turn p r i m a r y
w i n d i n g . If 2 4 0 V is applied to the w i n d i n g
a n d the m a x i m u m flux is 5 m W b , the
frequency of the applied voltage is
•
b 4692
•
•
•
•
c 5500
•
•
d 6700
•
a 3822
63
a 54 Hz
b 78Hz
c 84Hz
d 91 H z
10
10.1
DC supplies, batteries and battery chargers
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a battery with an
internal resistance r a n d a load resistance
R. T h e terminal voltage b e t w e e n A a n d Β
is
•
•
•
a 8.5 V
b 9.2 V
c 9.5 V
•
d 9.95 V
r
—Ο—|hH
10
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a battery similar to the
o n e in Q u e s t i o n 1 0 . 1 . T h e value of the
internal resistance r is
• a 0.12 Ω
•
•
•
f
A
10.4
V
b 0.66 Ω
c 0.88 Ω
d 0.94 Ω
A
Β
h-Ο—
15
0.1R
/?
1
f
Ν / 2 5
A
10.1 Ε = 12 V, r = 0.2 Ω a n d
terminal voltage is
V
V
V
V
If in Q u e s t i o n 10.1 Ε = 100 V, r = 2 Ω a n d
/? = 2 0 0 Ω, t h e terminal voltage is
• a 90 V
• b 90.5 V
• c 99 V
• J 99.5 V
V
If in Q u e s t i o n 10.4 Ε = 2 4 0 V a n d the
current a n d t h e terminal voltage respectively are 10 A a n d 2 2 0 V, the internal
resistance is
•
•
•
•
10.6
10.3
V
12
10.5
If in Q u e s t i o n
R = 3 6 Ω, the
• a 11.05
• b 11.93
• c 11.96
• d 11.99
Β
/?
1
20R
10.2
r
ι—O-]H_Z_X>
a
b
c
d
0.5 Ω
1 Ω
2 Ω
3 Ω
If in Q u e s t i o n 10.4 Ε = 120 V a n d the
current a n d the terminal voltage respectively are 3 0 A a n d 105 V, the internal
resistance is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
0.5
0.8
0.9
1.0
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
DC supplies, batteries and battery chargers
10.7
If a battery with an internal resistance of
10.12
0.4 Ω h a s a terminal voltage of 16 V w h e n
An
experiment
similar
to
the
65
one
in
Q u e s t i o n 10.10 g a v e the following data:
delivering 4 A, the E M F is
10.8
•
a 17.4 V
•
ft
17.6 V
•
c 18.2 V
•
d 18.4 V
b 56.5 V
c 60.8 V
d 62.4 V
10.13
10.9
10.10
If in Q u e s t i o n 10.7 the internal resistance
is 0.8 Ω, the terminal voltage 36 V and the
current 8 A, the E M F is
• a 40.3 V
• ft 4 2 . 4 V
• c AAA V
• d 46.2 V
1(A)
96
24
92
28
T h e internal resistance of the battery is
• a 1.0 Ω
• ft 2.5 Ω
• c 2.6 Ω
• d 3.0 Ω
If in Q u e s t i o n 10.7 the internal resistance
is 1.2 Ω, the terminal voltage 4 8 V and the
current 12 A , the E M F is
• a 53.7 V
•
•
•
V
T h e battery E M F in Q u e s t i o n 10.12 is
• a 100 V
• ft 120 V
• c 125 V
•
4
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a battery with four
cells. T h e terminal voltage is
• a 3.7 V
• ft 3.8 V
• c 4.0 V
• d 4.2 V
M e a s u r e m e n t s of the terminal voltages and
the currents d r a w n , d u r i n g an e x p e r i m e n t
o n a car battery, g a v e the following data:
V
/(A)
8
6
6
d 130 V
0.2R
1.2
V
0.2R
1.2
V
0.2R
1,2
V
0.2R
1,2
V
10
4R
T h e internal resistance of the battery is
• a 0.2 Ω
• b 0.4 Ω
• c 0.5 Ω
• d 0.9 Ω
10.11
T h e battery E M F in Q u e s t i o n 10.10 is
• a 9.5 V
• ft 10 V
•
•
c 10.5 V
d 11 V
10.15
If a battery similar to the o n e in Q u e s t i o n
10.14 has six cells, e a c h with an E M F of
2.4 V a n d internal resistance of 0.04 Ω,
c o n n e c t e d to a 12-Ω load, the terminal
voltage is
•
•
•
•
a
ft
c
d
12.06
12.12
13.64
14.12
V
V
V
V
66
DC supplies, batteries and battery chargers
10.16
10.17
If a battery similar to the o n e in Q u e s t i o n
10.14 has five cells, e a c h with an E M F of
2 V and internal resistance of 0.1 Ω,
c o n n e c t e d to a 16-Ω load, the terminal
voltage is
•
•
•
a 9.6 V
b 9.7 V
c 9.8 V
•
d 9.9 V
10.20
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a series-parallel
a r r a n g e m e n t of battery cells. T h e current /
is
• a 2.67 A
• b 3.33 A
• c 3.74 A
• d 4.33 A
A
h,
H
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s three cells c o n n e c t e d
in parallel to a load R . T h e terminal
L
voltage is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
10.55
10.98
11.25
11.85
~
ι -β
\/ /
11
10 V
'
>
5
ι
R, 20 0
[—J
ι
1
10R
10.21
ε
ι—|i—c=3—ι
R 0 6
6R
°'
°'
RL
6R
L_—CZJ
3R
10.22
1
10.18
If in Q u e s t i o n 10.17 there are four 6-V
cells, each with a resistance r of 0.4 Ω,
c o n n e c t e d to a 10-Ω load, the terminal
voltage is
• a 4.62 V
• b 5.94 V
• c 4.87 V
• d 5.26 V
10.19
If in Q u e s t i o n 10.17 there are five 5 0 - V
cells, e a c h with an internal resistance r of
0.5 Ω, c o n n e c t e d to a 10-Ω load, the
terminal voltage is
• a 40.5 V
• b 43.5 V
• c 45.5 V
• d 49.5 V
10.23
^
IH
,
1 R1,
ι
0
V5
1
In Q u e s t i o n 10.20 the terminal voltage of
batteries A a n d Β is
• a 7.82 V
• b 8.86 V
•
•
12V
ε
12V
=
R
0 n,
10 V
V
V
V
V
12V
c
c 9.33 V
d 9.93 V
In Q u e s t i o n 10.20 the terminal voltage of
battery C is
•
•
a 15.98 V
b 16.22 V
•
•
c 16.51 V
d 17.33 V
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a series-parallel
a r r a n g e m e n t of battery cells. T h e current /
is
• a 4.41 A
• b 5.63 A
• c 6.82 A
• d 8.44 A
2R5
X/ /
I
40 V
°'
1
I
10R
1
DC supplies, batteries and battery chargers
10.24
In Q u e s t i o n 10.23 the terminal voltage of
batteries A and Β is
• a 30.16 V
10.29
In Q u e s t i o n 10.28 the c h a r g i n g current
w h e n the battery voltage h a s risen to 27 V
is
• a 4.96 A
• ft 5.16 A
• c 5.55 A
• d 6.67 A
10.30
A 2 4 - V battery with an internal resistance
of 0.3 Ω is c o n n e c t e d to a 3 0 - V c h a r g e r
with an internal resistance of 0.15 Ω. It is
a r e q u i r e m e n t to limit the initial c h a r g i n g
current to 10 A b y including a series
resistor in the charger. T h e value of this
resistor is
• ft 3 3 . 2 8 V
10.25
•
c 35.16 V
•
d 39.06 V
In Q u e s t i o n 10.23 the terminal voltage of
battery C is
• a 16.12 V
• b 17.19 V
• c 19.12 V
d 19.87 V
•
10.26
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a battery c h a r g e r
recharging a secondary cell. At switch-on,
the initial c h a r g i n g current is
• a 10 A
• ft 11 A
• c 12 A
• d 13 A
• a 0.06 Ω
• ft 0.15 Ω
• c 0.85 Ω
•
10.31
+C > ^ h 4 Z I _ r - 0
I
1
12 V 0.1R
I
—
a+ -
67
In Q u e s t i o n 10.30 u s i n g the series resista n c e the v a l u e of the c h a r g i n g current
w h e n the battery voltage h a s risen to 28 V
is
• a 2.16 A
• ft 2.42 A
•
•
Ocz>^o—
d 1.25 Ω
c 2.67 A
d 3.33 A
15 V 0,2R
10.32
10.27
In Q u e s t i o n 10.26 the c h a r g i n g current
w h e n the battery voltage has risen to
13.5 V i s
• a 3
• ft 4
• c 5
• d 6
10.28
A
A
A
A
If in Q u e s t i o n 10.26 a 3 0 V c h a r g e r is u s e d
with an internal resistance of 0.15 Ω a n d
the battery has an internal resistance of 0.3
Ω and a voltage of 2 4 V, the initial
charging current is
•
•
•
•
a
ft
c
d
10.67
13.33
15.67
17.33
A
A
A
A
A battery consists of 5 0 cells, e a c h in
series with an E M F of 2.5 V w h e n fully
charged. T h e internal resistance of e a c h
cell is 0.01 Ω. If the voltage of e a c h cell
h a s fallen to 2.0 V, the c h a r g e r voltage
n e e d e d to fully c h a r g e the battery is
•
•
•
•
10.33
a
ft
c
d
115
125
130
135
V
V
V
V
In Q u e s t i o n 10.32, given that the internal
resistance of the c h a r g e r is 1.0 Ω, the
initial c h a r g i n g current is
• a 13.33 A
• ft 14.85 A
• c 16.67 A
• d 20.45 A
68
DC supplies, batteries and battery chargers
10.34
10.35
10.36
In Q u e s t i o n 10.32 the c h a r g i n g current
w h e n the E M F of each cell has risen to
2.4 V is
• a 3.3 A
• ft 4.6 A
• c 6.1 A
• d 6.5 A
A battery consists of 5 0 1.5-V cells, e a c h
with a resistance of 0.01 i l . T h e voltage of
each cell has fallen to 1.25 V. It is a
r e q u i r e m e n t to c h a r g e the battery at a
constant current of 2 A from a c h a r g e r with
an internal resistance of 1.5 Ω. T h e applied
voltage at the c o m m e n c e m e n t of c h a r g e
is
•
•
a 60.5 V
b 63.8 V
•
•
c 66.5 V
d 70.4 V
10.39
• a 82.3%
• ft 8 5 . 7 %
•
•
•
•
10.38
a
ft
c
d
108.32
120.67
130.33
135.15
V
V
V
V
d 92.6%
10.41
A battery is fully c h a r g e d by a constant
current of 5 A flowing for 15 hours. T h e
a v e r a g e c h a r g i n g voltage is 1.6 V. It is
d i s c h a r g e d at a constant current of 4 A
flowing for 2 0 hours. If the average
terminal voltage during discharge is 1.4 V,
the watt-hour efficiency is
• a 79.68%
• ft 8 2 . 4 4 %
• c
S7.61%
• d 93.33%
10.42
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a half-wave rectifier
circuit c o n n e c t e d to a 2 4 0 - V m a i n s supply.
If the p e a k voltage output from the rectifier is 5 0 V, the p e a k current is
• a 0.1 A
• ft 0.5 A
• c 0.6 A
• d 0.8 A
d 79 V
If in Q u e s t i o n 10.35 the battery consists of
4 4 2 - V cells, each with an internal resistance of 0.12 Ω, and the voltage of e a c h cell
has fallen to 1.8 V, and it is a r e q u i r e m e n t
to c h a r g e the battery at a constant current
of 4 A from a charger h a v i n g an internal
resistance of 2 Ω, the applied voltage at the
c o m m e n c e m e n t of c h a r g e is
c 90.1%
•
If in Q u e s t i o n 10.39 the charging current is
18 A over 2 0 h o u r s a n d the discharge
current is 12 A o v e r 19 h o u r s , the a m p e r e h o u r efficiency is
• a 60.13%
• ft 6 1 . 6 7 %
• c 63.33%
• d 70.13%
• a 70 V
• ft 71 V
• c 74V
10.37
•
10.40
In Q u e s t i o n 10.35 the applied voltage at
the e n d of c h a r g e is
•
A battery is c h a r g e d with a constant
current of 14 A for 10 hours. It is
discharged at the rate of 12 A for 10 hours.
T h e a m p e r e - h o u r efficiency is
In Question 10.37 the applied voltage at
the e n d of c h a r g e is
•
•
•
•
a
ft
c
d
101.69
103.18
105.16
117.12
V
V
V
V
L
2 4 0V
<V
R
R
DC supplies, batteries and battery chargers
10.43
In Q u e s t i o n 10.42
approximately
the
DC
current
is
a 159 m A
ft 172 m A
•
c 188 m A
•
c 69.84 V
•
d 200 m A
•
d 75.33 V
In Q u e s t i o n
• a 170
• b 200
• c 250
• d 260
10.45
In Q u e s t i o n 10.42 the D C voltage across
R is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
L
• a 15.9 V
•
•
•
10.42 the r.m.s. current is
mA
mA
mA
mA
• ft 6 3 . 6 6 V
10.51
In Q u e s t i o n 10.47 the r.m.s. voltage across
R is
L
• a 10 V
• ft 85 V
• c 90 V
• d 100 V
10.52
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a full-wave rectifier
circuit c o n n e c t e d to a 2 4 0 - V m a i n s supply.
If the p e a k output voltage from the rectifier is 5 0 V, the p e a k current is
b 16.8 V
c 17.3 V
d 18.6 V
•
•
•
•
In Q u e s t i o n 10.42 the r.m.s. voltage across
R is
L
• a 18 V
• ft 2 0 V
•
•
10.47
In Q u e s t i o n 10.47 the D C voltage across
R is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
L
• a 50.14 V
•
•
10.44
10.46
10.50
c 22 V
d 25 V
If in a circuit identical to the o n e in
Q u e s t i o n 10.42 the p e a k voltage is 2 0 0 V
a n d R is 6 0 0 Ω, the p e a k current is
L
• a 293 m A
• ft 3 3 3 m A
•
•
In Q u e s t i o n 10.47 t h e D C current is
• a 94 m A
• ft 9 8 m A
• c 106 m A
• d 121 m A
10.49
In Q u e s t i o n
• a 167
• ft 183
• c 192
• d 220
10.47 the r.m.s. current is
mA
mA
mA
mA
a
ft
c
d
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
A
A
A
A
1
JC
2 4 0V
< £ -]
,
<> I
*Hr
-L
L R
ι
10.53
In
Question
1 0R0
=r
10.52 the
DC
current
is
approximately
•
a 210 m A
• ft 2 6 0 m A
• c 318 m A
• d 350 m A
c 400 mA
d 500 m A
10.48
69
10.54
In Q u e s t i o n 10.52 t h e r.m.s. current is
approximately
• a 300 m A
• ft 3 5 4 m A
• c 386 m A
• d 400 mA
10.55
In Q u e s t i o n 10.52 the D C voltage across
R is
L
• a 31.83 V
• ft 3 5 . 6 3 V
• c 39.12 V
• d 40.16 V
70
DC supplies, batteries and battery chargers
10.56
In Q u e s t i o n 10.52 the r.m.s. voltage across
R is
L
10.57
10.58
•
•
•
a 30.22 V
b 35.36 V
c 38.12 V
•
d 40.61 V
If in Q u e s t i o n 10.52 the p e a k voltage is
6 4 V a n d R is 3 2 0 i l , the D C current is
L
approximately
•
a 105 m A
•
•
b 110 m A
c 127 m A
•
d 160 m A
In Q u e s t i o n 10.57 the r.m.s. voltage across
R is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
L
• a 37.64 V
• b 38.34 V
•
•
10.59
a
b
c
d
I '
8.61
9.52
9.78
9.93
•
•
•
a 220 Ω
b 270 Ω
c 330 Ω
•
d 390 Ω
s
10.62
In Q u e s t i o n 10.61 the p o w e r dissipated in
the series resistor is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 6.31 W
• b 6.82 W
• c 7.27 W
• d 7.94 W
10.63
If the load resistance in Q u e s t i o n 10.61 is
d o u b l e d a n d the d i o d e current is 2 0 m A ,
the value of the series resistor R is
•
•
•
•
10.64
231
246
260
387
s
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
In Q u e s t i o n 10.63 the p o w e r dissipated in
R is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
s
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
a
b
c
d
•
•
a 3.91 W
b 4.13 W
•
•
c 4.67 W
d 5.12 W
Rs
1 2V
I
10.60
If the p a r a m e t e r s of the circuit in Question
10.59 are input voltage = 2 4 0 V, output
voltage = 2 0 0 V, load resistance = 1200 Ω
a n d the zener d i o d e current = 1 5 m A , the
value of the series resistor R is
c 40.15 V
d 45.25 V
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a voltage regulator.
T h e value of the series resistor R is
s
approximately
•
•
•
•
10.61
In Q u e s t i o n
R is
s
• a 0.24
• b 0.33
• c 0.42
• d 0.81
' Ψ
™ \
1
10m
A
il
10.65
~1
1
tVO
5R0
τ
T h e d i a g r a mN s h o w s a voltage regulator.
T h e d i o d e current L is
a 61.67 m A
b 14.33 m A
c 58.62 m A
d 70.31 m A
•
•
•
•
10.59 the p o w e r dissipated in
W
W
W
W
Rs
2 I V 348 7R
°
I
' , Ϋ ζΐ
f
^
I
!
!
V
-1 p
J
4 8R
00
DC supplies, batteries and battery chargers
10.66
If the circuit in Q u e s t i o n 10.65 has input
voltage = 2 8 V, o u t p u t v o l t a g e = 18 V, R
L
= 2 4 0 0 Ω a n d R = 2 0 0 Ω, the d i o d e
s
current is
•
a 41.2 m A
• ft 4 2 . 5 m A
• c 46.8 m A
• d 48.2 m A
10.67
10.68
•
a 11.21 m A
•
•
•
b 12.48 m A
c 14.67 m A
d 15.84 m A
10.73
A z e n e r d i o d e stabilizing circuit is operated with an input voltage of 2 4 V a n d a
d i o d e current of 10 m A , to p r o v i d e 12 V
across a l o a d of 1800 Ω. T h e v a l u e of the
series resistor is
a
b
c
d
720
780
810
900
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
If the input voltage in Q u e s t i o n 10.70
increases to 16 V, the d i o d e current is
•
a 19.18 m A
•
•
b 21.63 m A
c 23.41 m A
•
d 28.67 m A
If the p a r a m e t e r s of the circuit in Q u e s t i o n
10.70 are input voltage 110 V, output
voltage 100 V, load resistance 4 0 0 0 Ω and
d i o d e current 15 m A , the value of R is
•
•
a 250 Ω
b 350 Ω
•
•
c 400 Ω
d 480 Ω
10.74
s
If the input voltage in Q u e s t i o n 10.72
increases to 120 V, the d i o d e current is
• a 48 m A
• b 51 m A
•
•
If in Q u e s t i o n 10.68 the input voltage rises
to 25 V, the n e w d i o d e current is a p p r o x imately
• a 10.06 m A
•
•
•
10.70
10.72
If the circuit in Q u e s t i o n 10.65 h a s an
input voltage of 3 4 V, an output voltage of
3 0 V, a load resistance of 4 7 0 0 Ω a n d a
series resistance of 180 Ω, the d i o d e
current is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
10.69
10.71
71
c 55 m A
d 62 m A
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a h a l f - w a v e rectifier
circuit u s i n g a 1 0 : 1 s t e p - d o w n transformer. If the input v o l t a g e is 2 4 0 V r.m.s.,
a n d a s s u m i n g n o losses, the p e a k voltage
across t h e l o a d is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 28 V
• ft 3 3 V
• c 40 V
b 11.39 m A
c 14.48 m A
d 16.67 m A
•
d 45 V
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a voltage regulator.
T h e value of R is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
s
• a 105.38 Ω
• b 110.14 Ω
• c 115.38 Ω
• d 121.63 Ω
10.75
Rs
I
1 5V
I
'
' Ψ
20m
A A
~ \
I
1
1
V2
\
2 0 R0 0
τ
If in Q u e s t i o n 10.74 the input voltage is
4 1 5 V r.m.s., the p e a k voltage across the
load is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
N
• a 51.32 V
• ft 5 8 . 6 8 V
• c 66.75 V
• d 70.68 V
11
11.1
Amplifiers
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s the simplest practical
n-p-n transistor amplifier. T h e emitter
current / is
11.5
E
•
•
a 10.06 m A
ft 10.6 m A
•
•
c 10.0 m A
d 16.0 m A
11.6
+
? /
é
V B E = 0 .V6
11.2
11.3
l O nA
Ε
[
VR
a 4 V
b 6 V
•
•
c 8 V
d 10 V
VEC
11.7
The
is
•
•
•
Q
•
•
•
•
122
167
178
200
a
b
c
d
12.1 m A
12.11 m A
12.01 m A
12.001 m A
Τ
Τ '~
Rl
? /
5 0R0
{
4
6
8
10
kil
kil
kil
kil
VR
—<Γ~
120 kil
190 kÙ
2 2 0 kil
4 7 0 kil
D C input resistance in Q u e s t i o n 11.1
a
b
c
d
a
b
c
d
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a transistor amplifier
identical t o t h e o n e in Q u e s t i o n 11.1 but
with different p a r a m e t e r s . T h e emitter
current is
In Q u e s t i o n 11.1 the v a l u e of the bias
resistor R is
a
b
c
d
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
y
CE
•
•
200
400
600
800
j~~
In Q u e s t i o n 11.1 the collector to emitter
voltage V
is
•
•
•
•
11.4
Ψ
6 0R0
output resistance in Q u e s t i o n 11.1
T h e D C current gain in Q u e s t i o n 11.1 is
•
•
•
•
1 2V
Rl
The DC
is
• a
• b
• c
• d
V B E = 0 .V5
11.8
p
\
IE
VEC
In Q u e s t i o n 11.7 the collector to emitter
voltage is
•
•
•
•
a 8 V
ft 10 V
c 11 V
12 V
Amplifiers
11.9
In Q u e s t i o n
11.7 the v a l u e of the bias
11.14
resistor is
•
• b
11.10
•
175 k i l
kil
kft
•
•
c 210
•
d 230
In Q u e s t i o n 11.7 the D C input resistance
is
•
•
•
•
11.15
11.12
11.16
kΩ
kil
c 3 kil
d 4 kil
a 1
2
610
il
c 640 Ω
•
d 788 i l
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s an amplifier similar to
the o n e in Q u e s t i o n 11.13. T h e voltage V
CE
is
•
a 5.97 V
6.9 V
c 9.0 V
d 9.5 V
• b
•
•
18V
X
a 85
RI
• b
•
•
a 588 Ω
•
In Q u e s t i o n 11.7 the D C current gain is
•
kΩ
ka
c 7 2 . 8 kil
J 84.1 kil
• b
• b
•
•
x
a 60.6
b 67.5
In Q u e s t i o n 11.13 the D C output resistance
is
•
a 3 kΩ
b 4kO
c 5 kO
d 6kO
In Q u e s t i o n 11.7 the D C output resistance
is
In Q u e s t i o n 11.13 the value of the bias
resistor R is
•
•
•
11.11
kil
a 160
90
c 100
J 120
0.7 V
11.13
73
60 R
M °
VCE
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a transistor amplifier
with an alternative biasing a r r a n g e m e n t .
is
T h e voltage V
•
•
•
•
a 6.95
b 7.88
c 8.64
d 9.38
CE
V
V
V
V
+ 20V
In Q u e s t i o n 11.16 the value of the bias
resistor is
• a 105.4 kil
• b 120 m
• c 160 ka
• d 4 7 0 kO
11.18
In Q u e s t i o n 11.16 the D C output resistance
is
χ —
M
RI
'
11.17
'
0,6 V
'
l£00R
\ / lOmA
VCE
•
•
a 2 0 0 il
b 298.5 Ω
•
•
c 680 Ω
d 970 Ω
74
Amplifiers
11.19
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s another m e t h o d of
biasing an amplifier. If I is equal to 5 /
{
B
and I = 100 μ A , the value of R is
•
•
B
a 16
ft 18
+
T h e value of R
2 in Question 11.21 is
• a 2.5 k Ω
• ft 4.5 k Ω
x
kil
kO
c 20 k Ω
d 25 kn
•
•
11.22
11.23
1 0 .V
5
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a transistor amplifier
w h e r e I = 8 m A , fl = 8 0 0 Ω, V = 0.5 V
c
L
BE
and I = 4 0 μ Α . T h e voltage d r o p across
B
R is
L
R
Rl
c 6.2 k Ω
d 7.3 k Ω
•
•
Γίι
• a 6.0 V
• ft 6.2 V
• c 6.4 V
• d 7.0 V
0 . 5V
R2
+
1 2V
I
3_J
Rl
11.20
In Q u e s t i o n 11.19 the value of R is
2
• a 1250 Ω
• ft 1500 Ω
•
•
11.21
LR
V CE
V BE
1800 Ω
d 1900 Ω
c
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a biasing circuit similar to the o n e in Q u e s t i o n 11.19, w h e r e /
B
= 5 0 μ Α , V B E = 0.5 V, l = 5 / and the
x
B
applied voltage is 12 V. T h e value of R
x
is
• a 21
• ft 2 3
• c 40
• d 46
+
kΩ
kΩ
kΩ
kΩ
11.24
In Q u e s t i o n 11.23 the value of V
CE is
• α 5.6V
• ft 5.8 V
• c 6.4 V
• d 6.5 V
11.25
In Q u e s t i o n 11.23 the D C input resistance
is
• a
• ft
• c
• d
1 2V
Rl
? /
11.26
Γ
η
V BE
R2
X J
I
10.2
12.5
14.3
15.6
In Q u e s t i o n
is
• a 460
• ft 5 0 0
• c 560
• d 700
kΩ
kΩ
kΩ
kΩ
11.23 the D C output resistance
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Amplifiers
11.27
11.28
In Q u e s t i o n 11.23 the D C current gain is
•
a 200
•
•
ft 2 1 5
c 285
•
d 310
In Q u e s t i o n 11.23 the emitter current is
• a 8.004 m A
• b 8.04 m A
• c 8.4 m A
•
11.29
11.32
•
•
c
d
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a non-inverting a m p l i fier. If Λ, = 1500 Ω and / ? = 15 kil, the
2
voltage gain is
•
a 8
•
ft
•
c
•
d 11
ri
I
9
10
I
7~
+ /
L
R
\ _ 5 x ~ f c t
d 8.2 m A
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s an inverting operational amplifier. \ï R = 5 0 Ω a n d R =
x
2
5 0 Ω, the voltage gain is
• a -1
• b -5
75
11.33
In Q u e s t i o n 11.32, if R
x = 6 0 Ω and # 2 =
3 0 0 Ω, the voltage gain is
•
•
•
•
-10
-50
11.34
a
ft
c
d
6
10
16
24
In Q u e s t i o n 11.32, if R a n d / ? are both
{
2
4 5 0 Ω, the voltage gain is
• a 1
• ft 2
• c 6
• d 8
11.30
11.31
If in Q u e s t i o n 11.29 R = 6 0 0 Ω and R =
x
2
6 0 0 0 Ω, the voltage gain is
• a -1
• b -5
• c -10
• d -100
11.35
If in Q u e s t i o n 11.29 R = 10 k Ω a n d R =
x
2
2 0 k i l , the voltage gain is
• a -0.5
• b -1
• c
-2
• d -20
11.36
A n o n - i n v e r t i n g amplifier identical to the
o n e s h o w n in Q u e s t i o n 11.32 has a gain of
2 1 . If R is 2 7 0 0 Ω, the value of R is
{
• a 11
• ft 27
• c 46
• d 54
kΩ
kΩ
kΩ
kΩ
2
If in Q u e s t i o n 11.35 the gain is 11 a n d R
2
= 4 7 k ^ the v a l u e of R is
}
• a 3300 Ω
• ft 4 7 0 0 Ω
• c 6800 Ω
• d 8200 Ω
76
Amplifiers
11.37
If in Question 11.35 the gain is 2 0 a n d the
value of R is 228 k i l , the value of R is
2
• a 12
• ft 14
• c 28
•
11.38
d 68
11.42
x
kn
kil
kil
kn
• a 1861 Ω
• ft 3 6 2 2 i l
•
•
The diagram shows a two-input summing
amplifier. If R = 120 il, / ? = 2 2 0 il, /? =
x
2
3
3 3 0 Ω, V, = 1.5 V and V = 2.5 V, the value
of the output voltage V
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
-6.255
-7.875
-8.864
-9.862
V
V
V
V
1
2
R
[JX^
-
In Question 11.38, if /?, = 2 0 0 0 i l , R =
2
1500 Ω, fl = 1200 i l , V! = 10 V and V =
3
2
12 V, the value of V is
11.40
11.41
•
In Q u e s t i o n 11.38, if all three resistors are
2 4 0 0 i l and V is 5 V and V is 15 V, the
x
2
output voltage V is
• a
• ft
• c
• d
-6.8
-9.7
-20
-24
V
V
V
V
kΩ
kΩ
kΩ
kΩ
3
2
40 kΩ
11.45
If a s u m m i n g amplifier has R = R =
{
3
4 7 0 Ω, V, = 5 V, V = 9 V and V = - 2 1 V,
2
3
the a p p r o x i m a t e value of R is
2
• a 264 Ω
• ft 4 6 1 Ω
• c 688 Ω
• d 750 Ω
11.46
A s u m m i n g amplifier has R = 1400 Ω, R
{
3
= 2 4 0 0 Ω, V = V = 3.5 V and V = - 1 0 V.
{
2
3
T h e value of R is
2
• a 1400 Ω
• ft 2 1 0 0 Ω
• c 2400 Ω
• J 3000 Ω
3
A two-input s u m m i n g amplifier identical
to the o n e in Q u e s t i o n 11.38 has the
following p a r a m e t e r s : R = 100 k ^ R =
{
2
120 kU V, = 2 V, V = 4 V a n d V = - 2 4
2
3
V T h e value of R is
• a 270
• ft 4 5 0
• c 510
• d 600
3
If a s u m m i n g amplifier has R = 8 k Ω , / ?
x
3
= 6 0 kU V! = 2 V, V = 10 V and V =
2
3
- 3 0 V, the value of R is
• a 22 k Ω
• ft 3 0 k Ω
• c 36 k Ω
3
V
V
V
V
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
3V
11.44
• a -10.3
• ft - 1 1 . 6
• c -12.1
• d -15.6
R
If a s u m m i n g amplifier has R = 1 k^
x
2
= 2 kU V, = 12 V , V = 12 V and V =
2
3
- 4 8 V, the value of R is approximately
• a 2667
• ft 3 3 0 0
• c 3900
• d 4137
p "? ]
V2
c 4255 i l
d 6800 Ω
2
3 is
11.43
R1
11.39
If a s u m m i n g amplifier has R = 3 9 0 0 i l ,
x
R = 3 9 0 0 i l , V, = 4.5 V, V = 6.5 V and V
2
2
3
= - 1 2 V, the value of R is approx3
imately
Amplifiers
11.47
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a three-input s u m m i n g
amplifier. If R
x
=R
2
=R
3
3
=R
4
11.51
= 3 3 0 0 Ω,
V, = 2 V, V = 4 V a n d V = 8 V, the v a l u e
2
of the output v o l t a g e V
•
a -10 V
4 is
• ft - 1 1 V
d 264 Ω
c
-14V
d -18 V
•
11.52
[ = Ϊ
Π
R4
I
1
L -\v
R3
\s
V3
If in Q u e s t i o n 11.47 V, = V = V = 5 V, the
2 3
output voltage V is
4
• α -10 V
• ft - 1 1 V
• c -12 V
•
In a three-input s u m m i n g amplifier, /?! =
kU a n d ^ = V = V = 3 V. If
R = R =l
3
4
2
3
V = - 3 2 V, the a p p r o x i m a t e value of R
4
2
is
•
a 102 Ω
•
ft
•
•
c 115 Ω
d 167 Ω
107 Ω
4 V
11.53
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a subtracting amplifier
w h e r e R = R a n d fl = # . If V = 3.6 V
x
2
3
4
x
a n d V = 4 V a n d t h e gain is 10, the output
2
voltage V is
3
• a 4 V
• ft 5 V
•
c 6 V
• d 7 V
d -15 V
A three-input s u m m i n g amplifier h a s the
following p a r a m e t e r s : R = 120 Ω, R =
x
2
150 Ω, R = 180 Ω, R = 2 1 0 Ω, V, = 2 V,
3
4
V = 4 V a n d V = 8 V. T h e v a l u e of V
2
3
4
is
• a -10.88
• ft - 1 5 . 5 2
• c -16.26
• d -18.43
11.50
a 124 Ω
ft 138 Ω
c 190 Ω
•
R2
11.49
•
•
Τνϊ
11.48
In a three-input s u m m i n g amplifier, R =
x
R = R =\
k a If Vx = 4.6 V, V2 = 3.4 V,
3
4
V = 2.8 V a n d V = - 3 2 V, fl is
3
4
2
approximately
•
•
Rl
77
V
V
V
V
In a three-input s u m m i n g amplifier, R =
x
4 0 0 Ω, R = 5 0 0 Ω, tf = 6 0 0 Ω, V, = 3 V,
3
4
V = 2 V, V = 7 V a n d V = - 2 4 V. T h e
2
3
4
value of R is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
α
ft
c
d
2
100
108
166
240
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
11.54
If in Q u e s t i o n 11.53 the gain is 2 0 , the
o u t p u t voltage V is
• a
• ft
• c
• J
11.55
4 V
6 V
8 V
10 V
4
If in Q u e s t i o n 11.53 V = 3 V, V = 5 V a n d
x
2
t h e gain is 2 4 , t h e output voltage V is
3
• a 12 V
• ft 2 4 V
• c 36 V
• d 48 V
78
Amplifiers
11.56
11.57
If in Q u e s t i o n 11.53 V, = 3 V, V = 4 V a n d
3
the gain is 12, V is
2
• a 2.12 V
• ft 3.33 V
• c 4.61 V
• d 5.08 V
If in Question 11.53 V, is 5 V, V
a n d the gain is 10, V is
•
a 4.0 V
3 is 5 V
11.61
11.62
2
•
c 6.2 V
d 8.0 V
11.63
11.58
If in Q u e s t i o n 11.53 V, is 5 V, V is 10 V
3
a n d the gain is unity, V is
2
• a 10 V
• ft 11 V
• c 12V
•
11.59
a 200
•
ft
•
c 265
•
d 270
d 15 V
11.64
• a 333.3 Ω
• ft 6 6 6 . 7 Ω
• c 774.6 Ω
240
In Q u e s t i o n 11.59 the A C voltage gain is
• a 105
• ft 120
c 150
d 160
In Q u e s t i o n 11.59 the A C p o w e r gain is
•
•
•
•
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a simple voltage
amplifier. A n alternating voltage V of 4 0
he
m V is applied to the b a s e w h i c h c a u s e s a
c h a n g e in the b a s e current / of 6 0 μ Α . T h e
b
c h a n g e s in the collector current I , a n d the
c
collector to emitter voltage V , are 12 m A
ce
a n d 6 V respectively. T h e A C input
resistance is
•
•
•
•
• ft 5.5 V
•
In Q u e s t i o n 11.59 the A C current gain is
a 10000
ft 1 2 0 0 0
c 24000
d 30000
T h e circuit in Q u e s t i o n 11.59 has the
following data: Input voltage V
he of 80
mV, c h a n g e in b a s e current / of 2 0 μ Α ,
b
c h a n g e in collector current I of 10 m A,
c
c h a n g e in collector to emitter voltage V
ce
of 8 V. T h e A C input resistance is
• a 2000 Ω
• ft 4 0 0 0 Ω
• c 5500 Ω
•
11.65
d 813.8 Ω
d 6200 Ω
In Q u e s t i o n 11.64 the A C output resistance
is
• a 600
• ft 6 2 0
• c 750
• d 800
ψ
le
11.66
In Q u e s t i o n 11.64 the A C current gain is
• a 500
• ft 3 5 0
•
•
11.60
In Q u e s t i o n
is
• a 300
• ft 4 5 0
• c 500
• d 750
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
c 220
d 450
11.59 the A C output resistance
11.67
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
In Q u e s t i o n 11.64 the A C voltage gain is
• a 200
• ft 150
• c 100
• d 250
Amplifiers
11.68
11.69
In Q u e s t i o n 11.64 2the A C p o w e r gain is
11.73
In Q u e s t i o n 11.69 the A C p o w e r gain is
•
a 1.8 Χ 1 0 4
•
a 3 6 100
•
b 2.6 Χ 140
•
c 5 Χ 10
•
d 4.2 Χ 1 0
•
•
•
b 45 000
c 47600
d 79 800
3
79
A study of the transistor amplifier c h a r a c teristics gives the following data:
(i) V = 7 5 m V
be
(ii) δ / = 25 μ Α
5
(iii) δ / = 15 m A
ε
(iv) Ô V = 10 V
11.74
ce
•
•
•
•
T h e A C input resistance is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
1500
2200
2500
3000
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s an emitter follower.
T h e A C current gain is
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
a
b
c
d
180
200
220
230
+
11.70
In Q u e s t i o n 11.69 the A C output resistance
is
• a 667 Ω
•
•
•
11.71
^ 5 OuΑ
lOnA
b 700 Ω
c 821 Ω
d 851 Ω
V in
!i
Ί Γ
M
4 5 0R0
V o tu
In Q u e s t i o n 11.69 the A C current gain is
• a 700
• b 600
•
c 500
•
d 200
11.75
11.72
(γ\
In Q u e s t i o n 11.69 the A C voltage gain is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
133
200
223
300
If the input resistance in Q u e s t i o n 11.74 is
1 Μ Ω , the A C voltage gain is
•
•
•
•
a 0.9
b 1.2
c 1.4
d 1.9
12
12.1
Oscillators
T h e natural frequency of a sinusoidal
oscillator w h e r e the c a p a c i t a n c e is 2.5 μ¥,
the inductance 8 0 0 μ Η a n d the resistance
2 Ω is
• a 3553 Hz
• b 5561 Hz
• c 6670 Hz
• d 8875 Hz
12.2
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.1 C = 10 μ ^ L = 0.9 m H
a n d R = 4 Ω, the natural frequency is
• a 1111Hz
• b 1320 H z
• c 1640 H z
• d 1832 H z
12.3
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.1 C = 2 0 μ ^ L = 0.5 m H
and /? = 2 Ω, the natural frequency is
• a 1050 H z
• b 1321Hz
•
•
12.4
12.5
In Q u e s t i o n 12.5, if the capacitance is
16 μ Ρ and the i n d u c t a n c e 0.7 m H , the
r e s o n a n t frequency is
• a 1060 H z
• b 1212Hz
• c 1306 H z
• d 1504 H z
12.7
In Q u e s t i o n 12.5, if the capacitance is
160 μ Ρ a n d the i n d u c t a n c e is 0.7 m H , the
r e s o n a n t frequency is
• a
416m
• b 680 Hz
• c 910Hz
• d 921 "Άζ
12.8
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.5 the capacitance is
16 μ Ρ a n d the inductance 3 5 0 μ Η , the
r e s o n a n t frequency is
• a 1668 H z
•
•
•
1428 H z
d 1559 H z
c
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.1 C = 0.4 μ Ρ , L = 12 μ Η
and /? = 0.5 Ω, the natural frequency is
•
•
•
•
12.6
a
b
c
d
47.161
50.323
60.667
72.568
12.9
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
A sinusoidal oscillator c o m p r i s i n g an
inductance a n d c a p a c i t a n c e has a r e s o n a n t
frequency. If the circuit h a s C = 0.4 μ Ρ a n d
L = 12 μ Η , the resonant frequency is
• a 67.331 kHz
• b 72.643 kHz
• c 80.875 k H z
• d 90.162 kHz
T h e periodic time of a sinusoidal oscillator
h a v i n g a c a p a c i t a n c e of 0.35 μ Ρ and an
i n d u c t a n c e of 0.4 Η is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
12.10
b 2010 Hz
c 2127 Hz
d 3020 Hz
a
b
c
d
2.35
4.82
6.91
7.74
ms
ms
ms
ms
T h e periodic time of a sinusoidal oscillator
with a capacitance of 21 μ Ρ and an
i n d u c t a n c e of 13 Η is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 88 m s
• b 96 ms
• c 104 m s
• d 150 m s
Oscillators
12.11
12.12
T h e periodic time of a sinusoidal oscillator
with a c a p a c i t a n c e of 10 μ¥ a n d an
i n d u c t a n c e of 2 Η is
•
a 14 m s
•
•
•
b 28 ms
c 56 ms
d 84 ms
T h e periodic t i m e of a sinusoidal oscillator
h a v i n g a c a p a c i t a n c e of 105 μ Ρ and an
i n d u c t a n c e of 13 Η is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 104 m s
•
•
•
A n oscillator is required to p r o d u c e a
1-kHz sine w a v e . If the value of the
c a p a c i t a n c e is 0.12 μ Ρ , the value of the
i n d u c t a n c e is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 132 m H
• b 150 m H
• c 211 m H
• d 260 m H
12.14
In Q u e s t i o n
2 4 0 0 H z , the
• a 1.02
• b 1.09
12.15
G i v e n that an oscillator has a resonant
frequency of 1 M H z and that the induct a n c e is 2 0 μ Η , the v a l u e of the capacitance is
•
•
•
•
12.18
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
2.83
4.91
6.62
8.87
nF
nF
nF
nF
G i v e n that an oscillator has a resonant
frequency of 1.5 M H z and that the inductance is 4 μ Η , the value of the capacitance
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 1.16 n F
• b 1.42 n F
• c 1.61 n F
• d 2.81 n F
12.20
If an oscillator h a s a r e s o n a n t frequency of
9 0 0 k H z and the i n d u c t a n c e is 10 μ Η , the
value of the c a p a c i t a n c e is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
12.13, if C = 3.4 μ Ρ a n d / =
value of L is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
mH
mH
12.13, if C = 0.2 μ Ρ a n d / =
value of the i n d u c t a n c e is
Η
Η
Η
Η
1.16 μ Ρ
1.24 μ¥
1.27 n F
1.86 p F
12.19
•
•
•
•
c 1.16 m H
d 1.29 m H
In Q u e s t i o n
500 Hz, the
• a 0.1
• b 0.5
• c 1.5
• d 2.6
a
b
c
d
If an oscillator h a s a r e s o n a n t frequency of
8 0 0 k H z and the i n d u c t a n c e is 14 μ Η , the
value of the c a p a c i t a n c e is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
b 196 m s
c 204 ms
d 232 ms
12.13
•
•
12.17
12.21
a
b
c
d
1.06
3.13
1.06
3.13
nF
nF
pF
pF
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a typical phase-shift
oscillator. If C = C , = C = C = 2.8 μ Ρ
2
3
a n d R = R = R = R = R = 1800 Ω,
]
2
m
τ
L
+
Τ
RL
12.16
In Q u e s t i o n 12.13, if the c a p a c i t a n c e is
0.55 μ Ρ a n d t h e frequency 120 H z , t h e
value of the i n d u c t a n c e is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 3.2 Η
• b 4.4 Η
• c 6.4 Η
• d 1.1 Η
81
CI
C2
C3
! ' 'li
Hh—II—ι—lh
Γι
RI
JC
1
J-,
R2
I
(Q
J-.
I zL
Output
_L
iLJjx
L_
82
Oscillators
where R
m is the input resistance, the
frequency of oscillation is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
12.27
• a 13 H z
• ft 6 5 H z
•
•
12.22
12.23
c 88Hz
d 99 Hz
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.21 C = 0.1 μ¥ and R =
2 k f î , the frequency of oscillation is
approximately
•
•
a 109 H z
b 165 H z
•
•
c 325 H z
d 491Hz
12.25
In a p h a s e shift oscillator identical to
the o n e s h o w n in Q u e s t i o n 12.21 all the
capacitors are equal to 15 μ Κ If the
oscillation frequency is 100 H z , the value
of R is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
a
b
c
d
39.6
43.3
51.7
82.6
a
b
c
d
345.6
471.8
541.5
667.6
•
•
c 47.66 Ω
d 54.15 Ω
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.25 the value of C is
1.0 μ Ρ a n d the frequency is 5 0 H z , the
value of R is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
a
b
c
d
1000
1299
1687
2051
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
If the frequency of oscillation in an R-C
oscillator similar to the o n e in Q u e s t i o n
12.21 is 6 9 1 2 H z a n d the value of R is
4.7 k Ω the value of C is
12.30
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.29 the frequency is 5 k H z
and the resistance 3.3 k d , the capacitance
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 2.21 n F
• ft 2.86 n F
• c 3.94 n F
• d 5.62 n F
12.31
If in Q u e s t i o n 1 2 . 2 9 the frequency is
2 0 0 H z and the resistance 4 0 0 Ω, the
c a p a c i t a n c e is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 460 nF
• ft 5 8 0 n F
• c 720 nF
• d 812 nF
12.32
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.31 the frequency is
increased by a factor of 4, the capacitance
value is then
• a 162 n F
• ft 2 0 3 n F
• c 230 nF
• d 360 nF
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.25 C = 0.6 μ Ρ a n d / =
2 0 0 H z , the value of R is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
a 20.48 Ω
b 21.22 Ω
• a 2 nF
• ft 5 n F
• c 7 nF
• d 9 nF
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.21 C = 0.02 μ Ρ a n d R =
120 Ω, the oscillation frequency is
• a 14.312 k H z
• b 27.072 kHz
• c 43.604 kHz
• d 48.122 kHz
12.26
12.29
b 34Hz
c 49Hz
d 58 H z
12.24
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.21 C = 0.75 μ Ρ a n d R =
1500 Ω, the frequency of oscillation is
approximately
• a 30Hz
•
•
•
12.28
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.25 the capacitance is 0.6
μ¥ a n d t h e frequency 2 k H z , the resistance
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Oscillators
12.33
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a W i e n b r i d g e oscillator. If the capacitor C is 10 μ Ρ a n d the
resistance R is 120 Ω, the frequency of
oscillation is
•
•
a 100 H z
ft 1 1 6 H z
•
•
c 133 H z
d 144 H z
12.37
A W i e n b r i d g e oscillator oscillates at a
frequency of 4 k H z . If the resistance is
3 3 0 Ω, the value of the c a p a c i t a n c e is
• a 0.06 μ Ρ
• b 0.12 μ Ρ
• c 1.21 μ Ρ
• d 2.21 μ Ρ
12.38
If a W i e n b r i d g e oscillator h a s a frequency
of 2 0 k H z a n d the resistance R is 1200 Ω,
the v a l u e of C is a p2p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
a 1.14 Χ Ι Ο " 2 μ Ρ
b 2.88 Χ Ι Ο " 3 μ Ρ
c 4.61 Χ 1 0 " 3 μ Ρ
•
d 6.63 Χ 1 0 "
•
1
r-
.
Η
I
12.35
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.33 C = 4 7 μ Ρ a n d R =
100 Ω, the oscillating frequency
is
approximately
• a 34 Hz
•
b 68 Hz
•
•
c 72Hz
d 97Hz
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.33 C = 4.4 μ Ρ a n d R =
2 2 0 Ω, t h e oscillating frequency
is
approximately
•
•
•
•
12.36
a
b
c
d
128
164
175
183
μΡ
VOUt
12.39
12.34
83
12.40
12.41
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.33 the c a p a c i t a n c e is
6 μ Ρ a n d t h e resistance 1.5 ΙίΩ, t h e
frequency is
• a 15.33 H z
• b 17.68 H z
• c 21.62 Hz
• d 38.44 H z
If a W i e n b r i d g e oscillator has a frequency
of 120 H z a n d a resistance of 8 2 0 Ω, the
value of C is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
a 1.33 μ Ρ
b 1.62 μ Ρ
c 3.48 μ Ρ
•
d 5.72 μ Ρ
If a W i e n b r i d g e oscillator has a frequency
of 2 4 0 H z and the value of R is 8 2 0 Ω, the
value of C is
• a 0.81 μ Ρ
•
•
b 0.98 μ Ρ
c 1.67 μ Ρ
•
d 2.27 μ Ρ
A W i e n b r i d g e oscillator oscillates at a
frequency of 5 0 0 H z . If the value of C is
3.183 μ Ρ , the value of R is
• a
• ft
• c
• d
12.42
75 Ω
90 Ω
100 Ω
250 Ω
If a W i e n b r i d g e oscillator has a frequency
of 6 0 0 H z a n d the c a p a c i t a n c e is 10 μ Ρ , the
value of R is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 11.12 Ω
• ft 15.61 Ω
• c 26.53 Ω
• d 78.68 Ω
84
Oscillators
12.43
If a W i e n b r i d g e oscillator h a s a frequency
of 6 4 0 H z and C = 0.8 μ ^ the value of R is
approximately
•
a 120 Ω
•
b 167 Ω
•
•
c 258 Ω
d 311 Ω
12.47
•
•
•
•
12.48
12.44
If a W i e n bridge oscillator has a frequency
of 1280 H z a n d the c a p a c i t a n c e is 0.8 μ ^
the value of R is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
140
155
181
271
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a t w i n - T oscillator. If
the c a p a c i t a n c e C is 2 n F a n d the resista n c e R is 2 Μ Ω , the oscillating frequency
is
•
•
a 20Hz
b 25Hz
•
•
c 40Hz
d 80 H z
a
b
c
d
318Hz
628 Hz
780 Hz
825 Hz
If a t w i n - T oscillator has a capacitance of
4 0 p F a n d the resistance is 2 Μ Ω , the
frequency is
•
•
•
•
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
12.49
12.45
If a t w i n - T oscillator has a capacitance of
5 0 0 p F and a resistance of 1 Μ Ω , the
frequency is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
a
b
c
d
1.989
2.631
4.828
5.711
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a typical multivibrator
circuit. If C = C = C = 0.02 μ Ρ and R =
x
2
R =R = 22 k Ω , the oscillating frequency
{ 2
is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
1.623
1.813
2.416
4.421
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
+
1
RL
1 R2
c
c
1I
11
H h H h
Output 1 (
R /2
R
R
11
11
1j
11
) Output 2
^TRl
TRa^
[\
-
12.50
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.49 C = 0.024 μ Ρ and R =
4 7 0 0 Ω, the frequency is
•
•
•
•
12.46
If a t w i n - T oscillator h a s a c a p a c i t a n c e of
1.2 n F and a resistance of 1 Μ Ω , the
frequency is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 109 H z
• b 116Hz
• c 124 H z
• d 133 H z
12.51
a
b
c
d
3.331
4.161
6.332
8.128
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.49 the c a p a c i t a n c e C is
0.5 μ Ρ a n d the resistance R is 150 Ω, the
frequency is
• a 9.524 k H z
• b 10.621 k H z
• c 11.822 k H z
• d 16.667 k H z
Oscillators 85
12.52
12.53
12.54
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.49 the c a p a c i t a n c e is 1.0
n F and the resistance 33 k i l , the frequency
is
•
a 16.432 k H z
•
b 18.516 k H z
•
•
c 19.128 k H z
d 21.645 kHz
If a multivibrator is r u n n i n g at 5 0 H z and C
the value of R
= d = C = 14.286
2
w h e r e R = R = R is
x
2
• a 1600 Ω
• b 1000 Ω
• c 1800 Ω
• d 1220 Ω
a
b
c
d
23.37
47.16
54.95
66.62
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
If i n Q u e s t i o n 12.57 t h e frequency is
2 5 0 H z a n d R is 6 8 0 Ω, the value of C is
•
•
•
a 2.9 μ Ρ
b 3.6 μ Ρ
c 4.2 μ Ρ
•
d 7.6 μ Ρ
12.59
If i n Q u e s t i o n 12.57 t h e frequency is
100 k H z a n d R is 2 kU the value o f C is
approximately
• a 1.61 n F
• b 3.57 n F
• c 4.82 nF
• d 9.06 n F
12.60
If i n Q u e s t i o n 12.57 t h e frequency is
2 0 0 k H z a n d R is 2 kU the value o f C is
approximately
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.53 the frequency is 1 k H z
and C is 13 μ ^ t h e value o f R is
approximately
•
•
•
•
12.55
12.58
•
•
•
•
12.61
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.53 the frequency is 5 k H z
and the c a p a c i t a n c e 6 0 nF, the value of R
is
• a 1330 Ω
• b 1662 Ω
• c 1771 Ω
• d 2381 Ω
a
b
c
d
1.08
1.18
1.43
1.79
nF
nF
nF
nF
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a free-running multivibrator. If R = 10 kU R = 2 0 kU C =
x
2
x
0.5 μ Ρ a n d C = 0.1 μ Ρ , the frequency of
2
oscillation is
•
•
a 104 H z
b 106 H z
•
•
c 130Hz
d 237 Hz
+
12.56
•
•
•
•
12.57
J R2
If i n Q u e s t i o n 12.53 t h e frequency is
10 k H z a n d the c a p a c i t a n c e is 4 nF, the
resistance R is
10.062
13.128
14.604
17.857
a
b
c
d
x
a
b
c
d
2
1500
1700
1850
1910
nF
nF
nF
nF
Output
rl
I
11
kΩ
kΩ
kΩ
kΩ
If a multivibrator is r u n n i n g at 9 5 2 H z and
R =R
l R =2 = 5 0 0 Ω, the value of C w h e r e
C = C = C is
•
•
•
•
I
1
LJ C2 L
1
f
/ \
'It
]
1ι
11
Output
2
-
12.62
If i n Q u e s t i o n 12.61 R = 8.2 kU /? =
x
2
15 kU C = 1.2 μ Ρ a n d C = 1.5 μ ^ the
x
2
frequency is
• a Aim
• b 15 H z
• c 90Hz
• J 98 Hz
86
Oscillators
12.63
12.64
12.65
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.61 /?, = 6.8 k Ω , R = 6.8
2
k i l , C, = 0.02 μ Ρ and C = 0.02 μ ^ the
2
frequency is
•
a 4.621 k H z
•
•
b 5.252 k H z
c 6.383 k H z
•
d 9.311 k H z
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.61 C, = 0.02 μ ^ C = 0.2
2
μ Ρ and R =R
{ 2 = 6 8 0 0 Ω, the frequency is
approximately
12.70
2
0.5
1.0
2.0
5.5
a
b
c
d
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.61 the frequency is
120 Ω and C = 0.5 μ ^
1 k H z , R =R =
X 2
2
the value of C, is
a 2.8 μ Ρ
b 9.3 μ Ρ
•
•
c 955 Hz
d 990 Hz
•
•
c 10.6 μ Ρ
d 11.4 μ Ρ
If in the circuit of Q u e s t i o n 12.61 the
frequency is 170 H z , Cj = 1.5 μ Ρ , C =
2
2.5 μ Ρ and R = 1400 i l , the value of R is
x
2
approximately
• a 1445 i l
• b 1800 i l
12.71
If in the circuit of Q u e s t i o n 12.61 the
frequency is 170 H z , C = 3 μ Ρ , C = 5 μ¥
x
2
and
= 1400 Ω, the value of R is
2
approximately
12.72
a 232 Ω
•
b 468 Ω
•
c 711 Ω
•
d 809 Ω
If in the circuit of Q u e s t i o n 12.61 the
frequency is 2 3 0 H z , C, = 0.9 μ ^ C =
2
0.7 μ Ρ and /?! = 5 6 0 Ω, the value of R
2
is
• a 3.234 k Ω
• b 4.318 k Ω
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
215
416
720
805
kΩ
kΩ
kΩ
kΩ
16.3
27.9
46.3
48.6
a
b
c
d
x
μΡ
μΡ
μΡ
μΡ
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a triangular w a v e f o r m
generator using an operational amplifier.
G i v e n that the input voltage is 10 V, the
output voltage is 2 V, R = 10 k Ω and C =
0.5 μ Ρ , the frequency of the input w a v e form is
• a 120 H z
• b 150 H z
•
c 250 Hz
•
d 350 Hz
C
CZH-
Input
Square
Wave
c 6.466 k Ω
d 7.702 k Ω
If in the circuit of Q u e s t i o n 12.61 the
frequency is 3 3 0 H z , C = C = 0.02 μ Ρ
x
2
and R = 1400 Ω, the value of R is
x
2
approximately
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.61 the frequency is
8 0 0 H z , R = 8 0 Ω, R = 6 0 Ω and C =
x
2
2
1.4 μ Ρ , the value of C is
•
•
•
•
c 2461 i l
d 3269 Ω
x
μΡ
μΡ
μΡ
μΡ
•
•
•
•
12.68
•
•
•
•
a 450 Hz
b 630 Hz
•
12.67
If in the circuit of Q u e s t i o n 12.61 the
frequency is 15 k H z , R = 100 Ω, R = 150
x
2
Ω and C = 0.2 μ Ρ , the value of C is
•
•
•
•
12.66
12.69
12.73
•utput
Triangular
Wave
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.72 V = 8 V, V = 1.0 V,
in
ot u
R - 15 k Ω and C = 1.0 μ Ρ , the frequency
is
• a 133.33 H z
• b 166.66 H z
• c 203.43 Hz
• d 233.33 Hz
Oscillators
12.74
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.72 V = 6.6 V, V
m
ot u=
2.4 V, R = 2 0 k i î a n d C = 1.5 μ ^ the
frequency is
15Hz
•
a
•
•
•
b 23 Hz
c 67Hz
d 69 Hz
12.75
87
If in Q u e s t i o n 12.72 V = 7 V, V = 3.5 V,
in
ot u
R = 8 2 0 Ω a n d C = 0.6 μ Ε the frequency
is
•
•
a 864 Hz
b 970 Hz
•
•
c 1016 H z
d 1808 H z
13
13.1
13.2
13.3
Radio
R a d i o w a v e s are5 p r o p 1
a g a t e d in space at
• a 3 Χ 106 m s " 1
• b 3 Χ 107 m s " 1
• c 3 Χ 108 m s " 1
• d 3 Χ 10 m s "
T h e long w a v e b a n d
approximately
• a 5 0 to 100 k H z
• b 6 0 to 110 k H z
• c 150 to 3 5 0 k H z
• d 150 to 3 0 0 M H z
The medium wave band extends
approximately
• a 5 3 0 to 1600 k H z
•
•
•
13.4
13.5
a 16 to 6 0 M H z
•
•
•
b 2 0 to 6 5 M H z
c 88 to 108 M H z
d 120 to 4 0 0 M H z
a
b
c
d
of
3 m
3.3 m
30 m
300 m
from
13.8
from
b 6 6 0 to 1000 k H z
c 8 0 0 to 1100 k H z
d 9 5 0 to 1500 k H z
•
A radio station h a s a frequency
100 M H z . T h e w a v e l e n g t h is
•
•
•
•
13.9
T h e F M radio b a n d e x t e n d s from a p p r o x imately
A radio station h a s a frequency
6 4 8 k H z . T h e w a v e l e n g t h is
•
•
•
a 160 m
b 240 m
c 463 m
•
d 581 m
of
A n aerial is required to b e 0.25 λ in length.
If such an aerial is u s e d to transmit a signal
with a frequency of 100 M H z , the length
of the aerial is
•
a 0.25 m
•
•
•
b 0.5 m
c 0.75 m
d 1.5 m
of
13.10
A frequency of 2 0 0 k H z is in the
• a L o w frequency b a n d (LF)
• b S u p e r high frequency b a n d ( S H F )
• c Very high frequency b a n d ( V H F )
• d H i g h frequency b a n d ( H F )
A local station has a w a v e l e n g t h of 3 6 2 m .
T h e frequency is
13.11
A frequency of 2 5 0 0 M H z is in the
• a Very l o w frequency b a n d ( V L F )
• b M e d i u m frequency b a n d ( M F )
• c Ultra high frequency b a n d ( U H F )
• d E x t r e m e l y high frequency b a n d
(EHF)
A radio station has a w a v e l e n g t h
1500 m . T h e frequency is
•
•
•
•
13.6
extends
13.7
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
a
b
c
d
150
200
600
901
440
382
540
828
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
Radio
13.12
13.13
13.14
A frequency b e l o w 3 0 k H z is in the
13.16
13.17
a V L F band
1.6 V. If the depth of m o d u l a t i o n is 8 0 % ,
•
b L F band
the p e a k carrier is
•
c M F band
•
•
d H F band
•
b 1.8 V
•
c 2.0 V
•
dl2V
A frequency of 4 0 0 0 0 M H z is in the
• a V H F band
• b SHF band
• c E H F band
• d H F band
13.20
b M F band
c U H F band
d V H F band
A frequency of 4 0 0 0 M H z is in the
• a E H F band
• b S H F band
• c U H F band
• d V H F band
13.21
A frequency of 4 0 0 0 k H z is in the
• a H F band
• b M F band
• c L F band
• d SHF band
a F - F
c
m
b F , F + F , F c c
m c
c F
c
d F + F
F - F
F
m
13.23
In Q u e s t i o n 13.22 the frequency F - F is
c
m
called the
• a Modulator
• b Modulating index
• c Upper sideband
• d Lower sideband
13.24
If a carrier is a m p l i t u d e m o d u l a t e d b y a
sine w a v e , the m a g n i t u d e of the sideband
voltages are half the m a g n i t u d e of the
carrier if the m o d u l a t i o n d e p t h is
H F band
M F band
L F band
V H F band
In a m p l i t u d e m o d u l a t i o n , if the p e a k signal
is 0.5 V a n d t h e carrier p e a k is 1.0 V, t h e
depth of m o d u l a t i o n is
• a 25%
• b 50%
• c 75%
• d 100%
b 120%
c 110%
d 100%
If a carrier with a frequency F is m o d u c
lated by a sinusoidal voltage with a
frequency F , the n u m b e r of frequencies
m
p r o d u c e d are
•
•
•
•
A frequency of 1000 k H z is in the
a
b
c
d
c 1.2 V
d 1.6 V
The maximum percentage modulation
w i t h o u t distortion in an a m p l i t u d e m o d u l a tion s y s t e m is
• a 20%
•
•
•
13.22
a 1.2 V
A carrier h a s a p e a k value of 2.0 V If the
d e p t h of m o d u l a t i o n is 2 0 % , the p e a k
signal is
• a 0.4 V
• b 0.8 V
•
•
A frequency of 100 M H z is in the
• a L F band
•
•
•
•
13.18
A m o d u l a t e d carrier h a s a p e a k signal of
•
•
•
•
13.15
13.19
89
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
20%
50%
60%
100%
90
Radio
13.25
A 1-MHz carrier is a m p l i t u d e m o d u l a t e d
by a 2 0 - k H z sinusoidal voltage. T h e freq u e n c y of the l o w e r sideband is
13.31
• a 0.089 M H z
• ft 0.89 M H z
•
•
c 0.098 M H z
d 0.98 M H z
13.26
T h e frequency of the u p p e r sideband in
Question 13.25 is
• a 1.2 M H z
• b 1.02 M H z
• c 1.002 M H z
• d 1.22 M H z
13.27
A 2 0 0 - k H z carrier is m o d u l a t e d b y a
10-kHz sinusoidal voltage. T h e value of
the u p p e r sideband is
• a 205 000 Hz
•
•
•
13.28
13.29
13.30
In Q u e s t i o n 13.29 the u p p e r s i d e b a n d
contains a r a n g e of frequencies r a n g i n g
from
• a 1.01 to 1.1 M H z
• ft 1.001 to 1.1 M H z
• c 1.0001 to 1.01 M H z
• d 1.001 to 1.01 M H z
a 1 k H z each side of the carrier
b 10 k H z e a c h side of the carrier
•
•
c 15 k H z e a c h side of the carrier
d 2 0 k H z each side of the carrier
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a simplified d i a g r a m
of an A M s o u n d transmitter. B l o c k A is
• a A n R F amplifier
• ft A n A F amplifier
• c A n R F oscillator
• d A modulator
Microphone «
»
'
γ
'
I
13.33
In Q u e s t i o n 13.32 b l o c k Β is
• a A n A F amplifier
• ft A n R F oscillator
• c A n R F amplifier
• d A modulator
13.34
In Q u e s t i o n 13.32 b l o c k C is
• a A n A F amplifier
• ft A n R F oscillator
• c A modulator
• d A n R F amplifier
13.35
In Q u e s t i o n 13.32 block D is
• a A n R F amplifier
• ft A n R F oscillator
• c A modulator
• d A n A F amplifier
c 0.19 M H z
d 0.21 M H z
If a 1-MHz carrier is m o d u l a t e d with
a r a n g e of frequencies from 100 to
10 0 0 0 H z , the l o w e r s i d e b a n d will contain
frequencies r a n g i n g from
• a 9 8 9 to 9 9 0 . 9 k H z
• b 9 8 9 to 9 9 0 k H z
• c 9 9 9 to 9 9 9 . 9 k H z
• d 9 9 0 to 9 9 9 . 9 k H z
•
•
C
b 210000 Hz
c 220000 Hz
d 225000 Hz
T h e value of the l o w e r s i d e b a n d in Q u e s tion 13.27 is
• a 0.17 M H z
• b 0.18 M H z
•
•
13.32
F o r the transmission of speech and m u s i c
the sidebands should ideally extend
'
|
Radio
13.36
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s the first four stages of
13.41
In Q u e s t i o n 13.40 block F is
a superhet receiver for A M signals. B l o c k
•
A is
• ft A n A M d e m o d u l a t o r
a A n I F amplifier
•
• ft A n R F t u n e d amplifier
•
c A n A F v o l t a g e amplifier
•
d A mixer
13.42
91
a A mixer
•
c A n A F voltage amplifier
•
d A n A F p o w e r amplifier
In Q u e s t i o n 13.40 b l o c k G is
• a A n R F filter
• ft A n A M d e m o d u l a t o r
• c A mixer
A
Β
( D !
•
13.43
c
d A n A F p o w e r amplifier
In a superhet receiver for A M signals an
a u t o m a t i c gain control voltage is fed
a F r o m the d e m o d u l a t o r to the
mixer
• ft F r o m the d e m o d u l a t o r to t h e I F
amplifier
•
13.37
In Q u e s t i o n 13.36 b l o c k Β is
• a An A M modulator
• ft A n A F voltage amplifier
13.38
•
c A n A F p o w e r amplifier
•
d A mixer
13.44
•
d F r o m the voltage amplifier to the
mixer
c An A M demodulator
d A n A F voltage amplifier
•
13.45
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s the last three stages of
a superhet receiver for A M signals driving
t h e l o u d s p e a k e r . B l o c k Ε is
• a An A M demodulator
• ft A n oscillator
• c A n A F v o l t a g e amplifier
• d A n A F p o w e r amplifier
Ε
I
F
I
I
I
I
zf
I
\l
Loudspeaker
d 600 kHz
If for the superhet of Q u e s t i o n 13.44 the
receiver is t u n e d t o a 1.2-MHz carrier, t h e
oscillator frequency is
•
•
•
•
13.46
G
In a superhet receiver for A M signals the
value of the intermediate frequency (IF)
is
• a 170 k H z
• ft 2 7 0 k H z
• c 470 kHz
In Q u e s t i o n 13.36 b l o c k D is
• a A n I F amplifier
• ft A n R F amplifier
•
•
13.40
c F r o m the p o w e r amplifier to the
oscillator
In Q u e s t i o n 13.36 b l o c k C is
• a A n R F amplifier
• ft A n oscillator
• c A mixer
• d A n A F voltage amplifier
13.39
•
a
ft
c
d
1.37
1.47
1.57
1.67
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
In frequency m o d u l a t i o n the m a x i m u m
variation of carrier frequency required for
B B C radio is
• a ±25 000 Hz
• ft ± 5 0 0 0 0 H z
• c ±75 000 Hz
• d ±90 000 Hz
92
Radio
13.47
13.48
If the m a x i m u m m o d u l a t i n g frequency
transmitted is 12 k H z for a B B C radio
station, the m o d u l a t i o n i n d e x is
• a 5.0
•
a 10 0 0 0 H z
b 6.25
•
b 10500 Hz
•
c 7.5
•
c 11 0 0 0 H z
•
d 8
•
d 15 5 0 0 H z
G i v e n that the m o d u l a t i o n index is 5 a n d
the m a x i m u m variation in carrier is
7 5 0 0 0 H z , the m a x i m u m m o d u l a t i n g freq u e n c y is
13.51
13.52
a
b
c
d
10 0 0 0
11000
12000
15 0 0 0
a
b
c
d
30000
40000
60000
75 0 0 0
13.54
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
If the m o d u l a t i o n index is 6 and the
maximum
modulating
frequency
is
10 0 0 0 H z , the m a x i m u m variation in the
carrier frequency is
•
•
•
•
13.50
If in Q u e s t i o n 13.51 the total b a n d w i d t h is
2 1 0 0 0 0 H z a n d the n u m b e r of sidebands is
20, the m o d u l a t i n g frequency is
•
•
•
•
•
13.49
13.53
13.55
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
T h e total b a n d w i d t h required in an A M
system for Q u e s t i o n 13.52 is
•
•
a 10 0 0 0 H z
b 2 0 0 0 0 Hz
•
•
c 3 0 0 0 0 Hz
d 4 0 0 0 0 Hz
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a block d i a g r a m of a
simple F M transmitter. B l o c k A is
• a A n I F amplifier
• b A n R F amplifier
• c A n A F amplifier
• d A n R F oscillator
In frequency m o d u l a t i o n , if a carrier is
m o d u l a t e d by a single frequency the
n u m b e r of sidebands p r o d u c e d is
•
•
a 1
b 2
•
•
c 4
d Greater than 4
In a frequency m o d u l a t e d system the u p p e r
and l o w e r sidebands are spaced apart by an
a m o u n t equal to
• a T h e m o d u l a t i n g frequency
• b T h e carrier frequency
• c Twice the m o d u l a t i n g frequency
• d Twice the carrier frequency
In Q u e s t i o n 13.51, if the n u m b e r of
sidebands is 30 and the m o d u l a t i n g freq u e n c y is 10 0 0 0 H z the total b a n d w i d t h
is
• a 100 0 0 0 H z
• b 150000 Hz
• c 300000 Hz
• d 6 0 0 0 0 0 Hz
Ό—
A
Β
Microphone
13.56
13.57
In the d i a g r a m
is
• a An RF
• b An AF
• c An RF
• d An IF
In the d i a g r a m
is
• a An RF
• b An RF
• c An AF
• d An IF
C
L
J
1
in Q u e s t i o n 13.55 block Β
oscillator
amplifier
amplifier
amplifier
in Q u e s t i o n 13.55 b l o c k C
oscillator
amplifier
amplifier
amplifier
Radio
13.58
T h e b l o c k d i a g r a m s h o w s the first four
13.63
stages of a superhet F M receiver. B l o c k A
is
•
a A mixer
•
b A n R F amplifier
c An F M demodulator
•
d A n oscillator
\ A
M M
B
13.60
13.61
In Q u e s t i o n 13.62 b l o c k G is
• a A n A F p o w e r amplifier
• b A n A F voltage amplifier
• c An F M demodulator
• d A n R F amplifier
13.65
In frequency m o d u l a t i o n , noise c o m p o nents w h i c h affect the a m p l i t u d e c a n be
eliminated u s i n g
• a A n oscillator
D
In Q u e s t i o n 13.58 b l o c k Β is
• a A n I F amplifier
• b An F M demodulator
• c A n A F p o w e r amplifier
• d A mixer
In Q u e s t i o n 13.58 b l o c k C is
• a A n oscillator
• b A n I F amplifier
• c A n R F amplifier
• d A n A F voltage amplifier
13.66
13.67
In Q u e s t i o n 13.58 b l o c k D is
• a A n R F amplifier
• b A n I F amplifier
• c A n oscillator
• d A n A F p o w e r amplifier
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s the last three stages of
a superhet F M receiver. B l o c k Ε is
• a A n A F voltage amplifier
• b A n R F amplifier
• c An F M demodulator
• d A n A F p o w e r amplifier
Ε
F
zf
Loudspeaker
b A n integrator
c A n F M limiter circuit
d A differentiator
In the superhet F M receiver a ratio detector c a n b e u s e d in the
• a Oscillator
• b Demodulator
c Mixer
d R F amplifier
In an F M receiver an a u t o m a t i c frequency
control ( A F C ) circuit is incorporated
between
• a I F amplifier a n d oscillator
•
b I F amplifier a n d m i x e r
•
•
c D e m o d u l a t o r a n d oscillator
d Demodulator and mixer
In a typical F M receiver the I F amplifier is
tuned to a frequency of
•
•
•
•
13.69
G
•
•
•
•
•
13.68
13.62
c A n oscillator
d A n A F p o w e r amplifier
13.64
C
13.59
In Q u e s t i o n 13.62 b l o c k F is
• a An F M demodulator
• b A n A F voltage amplifier
•
•
•
93
a
b
c
d
470 kHz + sidebands
4.7 M H z + s i d e b a n d s
8.9 M H z + s i d e b a n d s
10.7 M H z + s i d e b a n d s
In an F M receiver the R F amplifier is
tuned to a frequency of 101 M H z . T h e
oscillator frequency should b e
•
a 101.7 M H z
•
•
•
b 102.7 M H z
c 110.7 M H z
d 111.7 M H z
94
Radio
13.70
13.71
13.72
If the output frequency from the m i x e r in
an F M receiver is 10.7 M H z and the
oscillator is r u n n i n g at 105.7 M H z , the
receiver is tuned to a frequency of
•
•
a 95 M H z
b 96 M H z
•
•
c 97 M H z
d 98 M H z
13.73
13.74
All m a i n s - o p e r a t e d receivers n e e d a p o w e r
supply unit w h i c h
•
•
a P r o d u c e s oscillations
b P r o d u c e s amplification
•
c C h a n g e s the A C supply to D C
voltages
•
d C h a n g e s a D C supply into A C
All superhet receivers require an oscillator.
A n oscillator is a d e v i c e w h i c h
• a Amplifies a sine w a v e
• b Differentiates a square w a v e
•
•
c Rectifies an A C voltage
d P r o d u c e s A C from D C
T h e m a i n difference b e t w e e n the circuits
of the A M a n d F M receivers lies in the
• a M i x e r circuit
• b D e m o d u l a t o r circuit
•
c Oscillator circuit
•
d P o w e r amplifier circuit
In o r d e r to avoid distortion, the m a x i m u m
p e r c e n t a g e m o d u l a t i o n should not e x c e e d
• a 89%
•
13.75
b 90%
100%
•
c
•
d 110%
T h e sensitivity of a r a d i o receiver c a n b e
increased b y
•
•
a E m p l o y i n g m o r e than o n e I F
amplifier
b H a v i n g m o r e than o n e oscillator
c H a v i n g m o r e than o n e
•
demodulator
d Rectification
•
14
14.1
14.2
Television and tape recorders
T h e television s y s t e m u s e d in the U K is
called
•
a PCM
•
b PAL
•
•
c PPM
d PWM
T h e n u m b e r of lines in the colour television s y s t e m is
• a 600
• b 605
• c 615
•
14.3
14.4
14.5
In British television the operating
•
14.9
c 6 0 5 lines
d 6 2 5 lines
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a simplified b l o c k
d i a g r a m of the e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c s p e c t r u m .
Television is radiated in b l o c k
a
b
c
d
T|
A
| j
ô
I
j
b 30-35 MHz
•
c 41-68 MHz
•
d 75-100 MHz
In British television the operating
q u e n c i e s in B a n d 3 are
• a 174-216 MHz
• b 300-380 MHz
• c 390-470 MHz
î
fre-
d 600-690 MHz
In British television the operating
q u e n c i e s in B a n d 4 are
•
•
•
a 200-300 MHz
b 310-360 MHz
c 400-450 MHz
•
d 470-582 MHz
14.10
In British television the operating
q u e n c i e s in B a n d 5 are
• a 614-854 MHz
• b 860-900 MHz
• c 900-940 MHz
• d 940-995 MHz
14.11
T h e B a n d 1 frequencies are in the
• a V L F band
• b U H F band
• c V H F band
• d S H F band
1
2
3
4
Cosmic R a y s I
X Rays
j
a 20-30 MHz
•
•
a 5 0 0 lines
b 5 2 5 lines
•
fre-
q u e n c i e s in B a n d 1 are
c P h a s e alternate line
d P u l s e a m p l i t u d e line
•
•
•
•
•
14.7
14.8
In N o r t h a n d S o u t h A m e r i c a , colour television has
•
•
In Q u e s t i o n 14.5 visible light is radiated in
block
• a 1
• b 2
• c 3
• d 4
d 625
P A L stands for
• a P h a s e a m p l i t u d e line
• b P u l s e alternate line
•
•
14.6
fre-
fre-
96
Television and tape recorders
14.12
14.13
T h e B a n d 5 frequencies are in the
•
•
a S H F band
b U H F band
•
•
c H F band
d V H F band
a Orange
b Yellow
•
•
c Blue
d Green
Visible
Ultra
Violet
14.14
14.15
14.16
14.17
14.19
Band
In Q u e s t i o n 14.13 the colour in b l o c k 3
is
• a Green
14.20
In Q u e s t i o n 14.13 the c o l o u r in block 4
is
a Green
•
•
•
b Blue
c Orange
d Yellow
In Q u e s t i o n 14.13 the colour in block 5
is
•
a Green
•
•
•
b Blue
c Orange
d Yellow
a 5 1 0 and 5 8 0 n m
•
b 5 8 0 and 6 0 0 n m
•
c 6 0 0 and 6 3 0 n m
•
d 6 3 0 and 7 8 0 n m
T h e w a v e l e n g t h s of the o r a n g e
extend approximately between
14.21
T h e w a v e l e n g t h s in n a n o m e t r e s ( n m ) of
the green colour e x t e n d a p p r o x i m a t e l y
between
• a 3 8 0 and 4 6 0
• b 4 6 0 and 5 1 0
• c 510 and 580
• d 6 3 0 and 7 8 0
14.22
14.23
14.24
colour
a 5 1 0 and 5 8 0 n m
•
b 5 8 0 and 6 0 0 n m
•
•
c 6 0 0 and 6 3 0 n m
d 6 3 0 and 7 8 0 n m
T h e w a v e l e n g t h s of the b l u e colour extend
approximately between
•
•
b Blue
c Orange
d Yellow
•
•
•
Infra
1
2
3
4 5
6
Red
380
460 510 5 8 0 600 6 3 0
7 8 0
W a v e l e n g t h in n a n o m e t r e s
•
•
•
T h e w a v e l e n g t h s of the red colour extend
approximately between
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s the visible w a v e b a n d .
T h e colour in block 2 is
•
•
14.18
a 4 6 0 and 5 1 0 n m
b 5 1 0 and 5 8 0 n m
•
c 5 8 0 and 6 0 0 n m
•
d 6 0 0 and 6 3 0 n m
T h e w a v e l e n g t h s of the yellow
extend approximately between
•
•
•
a 4 6 0 and 5 1 0 n m
b 5 1 0 and 5 8 0 n m
c 5 8 0 and 6 0 0 n m
•
d 6 0 0 and 6 3 0 n m
T h e w a v e l e n g t h s of the violet
extend a p p r o x i m a t e l y b e t w e e n
•
•
a 4 6 0 and 5 1 0 n m
b 3 8 0 and 4 6 0 n m
•
•
c 5 1 0 and 5 8 0 n m
d 6 3 0 and 7 8 0 n m
T h e frequency s p e c t r u m of
e x t e n d s a p p r o x i m a5t e l y from
• a 4.6 Χ 1 0 6 to 5.8 Χ
• b 3.8 Χ 1 0 8 to 7.8 Χ
• c 3.8 Χ 1 0 8 to 7.8 Χ
• d 4.6 Χ 1 0 to 5.8 Χ
colour
colour
visible light
5
106 MHz
108 MHz
108 MHz
10 MHz
A light w h i c h contains all the frequencies
of the visible spectrum in the correct
proportions is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
Black
White
Cyan
Magenta
Television and tape recorders
14.25
T h e three p r i m a r y colours are p r o d u c e d b y
14.32
three c a m e r a tubes. T h e s e colours are
14,26
•
a Blue, orange, yellow
•
b G r e e n , red, violet
•
c Violet, blue, o r a n g e
•
d Red, blue, green
•
•
•
•
14.27
14.28
14.33
Cyan
Yellow
Magenta
Violet
•
a Orange
•
•
•
b Cyan
c Green
d Magenta
14.34
M i x i n g red a n d green lights gives
a
b
c
d
Cyan
White
Orange
Yellow
T h e three c o m p l e m e n t a r y
•
•
•
•
14.35
•
a 640 nm
•
•
•
b 650 nm
c 700 nm
d 770 nm
or
a
b
c
d
secondary
W h i t e , yellow, c y a n
Black, yellow, m a g e n t a
Yellow, m a g e n t a , c y a n
White, magenta, cyan
d Blue
W h e n the colours y e l l o w a n d m a g e n t a are
m i x e d the resultant colour is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
White
Orange
Blue
Red
In a television c a m e r a the w a v e l e n g t h of
the green signal is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
14.36
14.37
a
b
c
d
546
566
570
575
nm
nm
nm
nm
In a television c a m e r a the w a v e l e n g t h of
the b l u e signal is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
W h e n the colours c y a n a n d m a g e n t a are
m i x e d the resultant c o l o u r is
• a Yellow
• b White
• c Orange
•
14.31
Red
White
Blue
Green
In a television c a m e r a the w a v e l e n g t h of
the red signal is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
colours are
14.30
a
b
c
d
M i x i n g red a n d b l u e lights gives
•
•
•
•
14.29
a
b
c
d
W h e n the colours c y a n a n d yellow are
m i x e d the resultant colour is
•
•
•
•
M i x i n g green a n d b l u e light gives
97
a
b
c
d
400
420
436
500
nm
nm
nm
nm
A studio c a m e r a p r o d u c e s a c h r o m i n a n c e
signal. T h i s signal contains information
about
•
a The musical content
•
•
•
b T h e speech content
c T h e brightness of the scene
d T h e c o l o u r content of the scene
A studio c a m e r a also p r o d u c e s a l u m i n a n c e signal w h i c h gives information
about
• a T h e c o l o u r content of the scene
•
b T h e brightness c o n t e n t of the
•
•
scene
c T h e m u s i c a l content
d T h e s p e e c h content
98
Television and tape recorders
14.38
In the British 625-line system the t y p e of
m o d u l a t i o n used for the vision signal is
• a Frequency
•
•
b Amplitude
c Pulse duration
•
d Pulse code
14.44
14.45
14.39
In the British 625-line s y s t e m the type of
m o d u l a t i o n u s e d for the s o u n d signal is
• a P u l s e position
• b Pulse c o d e
• c Frequency
•
14.40
d Amplitude
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a simplified block
d i a g r a m of the first six stages of a colour
television receiver. B l o c k A is
• a A n I F amplifier
• b A n A F C stage
• c A U H F tuner
• d A v i d e o detector
14.46
a
b
c
d
A U H F amplifier
A n oscillator
A n A F C stage
A mixer
14.42
In Q u e s t i o n 14.40 b l o c k C is
• a A n I F amplifier
• b A U H F amplifier
• c A mixer
• d A n A F C stage
14.43
In Question 14.40 b l o c k D is
• a A mixer
• b A v i d e o detector
• c A n oscillator
• d A n A F C stage
a A U H F amplifier
•
b A v i d e o detector
•
c A n oscillator
•
d A mixer
In Q u e s t i o n 14.40 b l o c k F is
a
b
c
d
A n A F C stage
A v i d e o detector
A U H F amplifier
A n oscillator
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s the s o u n d system in a
television receiver. B l o c k A is
• a A timebase
b A s o u n d amplifier
c An F M demodulator
d A n oscillator
•
•
•
Video
Detector
r
A
L
Loudspeaker
14.47
In Q u e s t i o n 14.46 b l o c k Β is
• a A n A F amplifier
• b A s o u n d amplifier
• c A timebase
• d An F M demodulator
14.48
In Q u e s t i o n 14.46 b l o c k C is
In Q u e s t i o n 14.40 b l o c k Β is
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
^aÏ^b|^c["^1d[~^~
14.41
In Q u e s t i o n 14.40 b l o c k Ε is
14.49
•
a A n oscillator
•
•
•
b An F M demodulator
c A n A F amplifier
d A timebase
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s the inputs to the
tricolour c a t h o d e ray t u b e ' s three-electron
g u n s . B l o c k A is
• a An F M modulator
• b A l u m i n a n c e amplifier
• c A c h r o m i n a n c e amplifier
• c A colour d e c o d e r
[Sector
H H W K^]
T
T
r
Television and tape recorders
14.50
•
•
14.51
14.52
14.57
In Q u e s t i o n 14.49 b l o c k Β is
• a A colour decoder
• b A c h r o m i n a n c e amplifier
•
a 0.01 s
b 0.02 s
c A l u m i n a n c e amplifier
•
c 0.03 s
d A n I F amplifier
•
d 0.04 s
•
c A n I F amplifier
•
d A n A F amplifier
14.58
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s the r e m a i n i n g inputs
to the c a t h o d e ray t u b e . B l o c k A is
•
•
a A line t i m e b a s e
b A c o n v e r g e n c e circuit
•
•
c A field t i m e b a s e
d A sync separator
14.59
_
A
_
B
_
ψ
ψ
Το
14.53
_
D
_
ψ
cathode
In Q u e s t i o n 14.52 b l o c k Β is
• a A line t i m e b a s e
•
•
•
14.54
C
E
ψ
ray
tube
14.61
b A field t i m e b a s e
c A sync separator
d A n E H T circuit
In Q u e s t i o n 14.53 b l o c k C is
• a A n E H T circuit
• b A sync separator
• c A c o n v e r g e n c e circuit
• d A line t i m e b a s e
T h e frequency of the line t i m e b a s e is
•
•
a 10625 Hz
b 15 6 2 5 H z
•
•
c 18425 Hz
d 20425 Hz
T h e frequency of the field t i m e b a s e is
•
•
•
•
14.60
Luminance
Amplifier
T h e line t i m e b a s e scans 6 2 5 lines in
•
In Q u e s t i o n 14.49 b l o c k C is
• a A colour d e c o d e r
• b A c h r o m i n a n c e amplifier
14.62
In Q u e s t i o n 14.53 b l o c k D is
• a A line t i m e b a s e
• b A n E H T circuit
• c A sync separator
• d A field t i m e b a s e
In Q u e s t i o n 14.53 b l o c k Ε is
• a A n E H T circuit
• b A sync separator
•
•
c A field t i m e b a s e
d A line t i m e b a s e
25Hz
50Hz
100 H z
625 Hz
•
•
•
a 240-410 V
b 600-800 V
c 2 - 4 kV
•
d 18-24 kV
If a television receiver is tuned to a station
with a frequency of 7 0 0 M H z , the oscillator frequency will b e a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
a 704.5 M H z
b 739.5 M H z
•
•
c 800.6 M H z
d 850.5 M H z
T h e line t i m e b a s e in a television receiver
• a Deflects the c a t h o d e ray tube
•
•
14.63
14.56
a
b
c
d
T h e c a t h o d e ray t u b e will n e e d an E H T
supply in the r e g i o n of
•
14.55
99
spot horizontally
b Deflects the c a t h o d e ray tube
spot vertically
c C h a n g e s the brightness of the
spot
d F o c u s e s the c a t h o d e ray t u b e spot
T h e m i n i m u m spacing b e t w e e n c h a n n e l s
in the British 6 2 5 line s y s t e m is
• a 2 MHz
• b 4 MHz
•
•
c 6 MHz
d 8 MHz
100
14.64
14.65
14.66
Television and tape recorders
T h e b a n d w i d t h of a v i d e o amplifier in a
television receiver is
14.68
14.69
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a simplified block
d i a g r a m of a tape recorder. B l o c k 1 is
•
a 2.4 M H z
•
a A playback head
•
b 4.2 M H z
•
b A n erase h e a d
•
•
c 5.5 M H z
d 10.5 M H z
•
c A n a u d i o amplifier
•
d A p l a y b a c k amplifier
Plastic
• a
• b
• c
• d
tapes used in tape recorders u s e
Particles of zinc
Particles of lead
Particles of iron o x i d e
Particles of m a n g a n i n
T h e front g a p width in a r e c o r d i n g h e a d
m u s t b e very n a r r o w in o r d e r to give a
satisfactory
• a L o w frequency r e s p o n s e
•
•
•
14.67
14.70
1
•SCILLATORp^l
\
•
•
•
a 1.5 X 10~ 3inches
b 1.85 X 10~ 3 inches
c 2.15 X 10~ inches
•
d 3.75 X 1 0 ^ inches
T h e frequency of the bias signal in a tape
recorder lies in the r a n g e
• a 5-lOHz
• b 5-15 kHz
• c 40-100 kHz
• d 2-4 MHz
T h e bias signal in
to
• a Eliminate
• b Eliminate
• c Eliminate
• d Eliminate
ΓΛ
d
\/
14.71
b H i g h frequency r e s p o n s e
c N o i s e level
d Amplification figure
With a tape speed of 7.5 inches p e r second,
o n e cycle of a 2 0 - k H z signal will o c c u p y a
length o n the tape 2of
LDUDSPEAKER
AUDIO ν
NA
ALL-->>-—
SIGN
\/
I
3
\
/\
In Q u e s t i o n 14.70 b l o c k 2 is
• a A p l a y b a c k amplifier
• b A mixer
•
•
c A record head
d A n erase head
14.72
In Q u e s t i o n 14.70 b l o c k 3 is
• a A n erase h e a d
• b A record head
• c A mixer
• d A p l a y b a c k amplifier
14.73
In Q u e s t i o n 14.70 b l o c k 4 is
• a A n erase h e a d
• b A r e c o r d head
• c A mixer
• d A playback head
14.74
In Q u e s t i o n 14.70 b l o c k 5 is
• a A mixer
• b A n erase head
• c A record head
• d A playback head
14.75
In Q u e s t i o n 14.70 b l o c k 6 is
• a A n erase h e a d
• b A playback head
• c A mixer
• d A record h e a d
a tape recorder is u s e d
distortion
noise
wow
flutter
15
15.1
Voltage supplies and health and safety
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a t w o - p h a s e three-wire
voltage s y s t e m w h e r e V a n d V
x
2 are
displaced b y 9 0 °. If V = V = 2 0 0 0 V, the
x
2
voltage V is
•
15.5
A voltage supply s y s t e m identical to the
o n e in Q u e s t i o n 15.1 h a s 5 6 5 6 V b e t w e e n
the outer c o n d u c t o r s . T h e p h a s e voltages
are
• α 2kV
• b 3 kV
• c 4kV
• d 5 kV
15.6
T h e p h a s e currents in a t w o - p h a s e threewire s y s t e m are 120 A a n d 160 A. If the
currents are in p h a s e with their respective
voltages, t h e current in the neutral w i r e I
3
is
• α 175 A
• b 180 A
• c 200 A
• d 210 A
15.7
If in Q u e s t i o n 15.6 the currents are 15 A
a n d 2 0 A , the current in the neutral is
3
a 2222 V
• ft 2 4 2 8 V
•
d 5656 V
II
[jL_L
15.2
15.3
If in Q u e s t i o n 15.1 the currents l a n d l
x
2
are displaced b y 9 0 ° a n d I =I
X 2 = 240 A,
the current I is
3
• a 248.42 A
•
•
b 339.36 A
c 440.62 A
•
d 480.24 A
If in Q u e s t i o n 15.1 the p h a s e voltages V
x
a n d V are both 10 kV, the voltage b e t w e e n
2
the outer c o n d u c t o r s V is
3
• α 14.14 k V
•
•
•
15.4
b 18.18 k V
c 20.14 kV
d 28.28 k V
If in Q u e s t i o n 15.1 t h e p h a s e currents I
x
and I are both 6 0 A , the current I in the
2
3
neutral w i r e is
• α 72.44 A
• b 76.32 A
• c 80.24 A
• d 84.84 A
• α 25 A
• ft 3 0 A
•
•
15.8
If in Q u e s t i o n 15.6 the currents are 6 0 A
a n d 8 0 A , the current in the neutral is
•
•
•
•
15.9
c 35 A
d 40 A
α
ft
c
d
95 A
100 A
120 A
125 A
If in a t w o - p h a s e three-wire s y s t e m the
current in the neutral is 12.5 A a n d the
current in p h a s e 1 is 10 A , the current in
p h a s e 2 is
• α
• ft
• c
• d
6.4
7.5
8.5
8.8
A
A
A
A
102
15.10
Voltage supplies and health and safety
If in Q u e s t i o n 15.9 the current in t h e
neutral wire is 150 A and the current in
p h a s e 1 is 9 0 A , the current in p h a s e 2 is
•
•
a 100 A
ft 105 A
•
•
c 110 A
d 120 A
15.15
• a 400 V
• ft 6 0 0 V
15.16
15.11
If in Q u e s t i o n 15.9 the current in the
neutral wire is 7 5 A a n d the current in
p h a s e 2 is 6 0 A, the current in p h a s e 1 is
• a 40 A
• ft 4 2 A
• c 45 A
• d 50 A
15.17
15.12
If in Q u e s t i o n 15.12 the line voltages are
1038 V, the p h a s e voltages are
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a star-connected secondary w i n d i n g of a transformer. If the
p h a s e voltages are 231 V, the line voltage
V is
•
c 800 V
•
d 900 V
A three-phase 2 4 0 - V
delta-connected
induction m o t o r takes a line current of 5 0
A at a p o w e r factor of 0.9. T h e input p o w e r
w h i c h is the active p o w e r is
•
•
•
a 16.6 k W
ft 18.7 k W
c 19.2 k W
•
d 19.8 k W
In Q u e s t i o n 15.16 the apparent p o w e r is
• a 12.42 kVA
• ft 14.81 kVA
•
•
c 16.33 kVA
d 2 0 . 7 6 kVA
L
• a 330 V
• ft 3 6 0 V
•
•
15.14
In Q u e s t i o n
• a 26.6
• ft 28.9
• c 33.2
• d 40.8
15.19
A three-phase 4 1 0 - V
delta-connected
induction m o t o r takes a line current of
4 5 A at a p o w e r factor of 0.9. T h e active
p o w e r is
c 400 V
d 440 V
X
15.13
15.18
VL
In Q u e s t i o n 15.12, if the p h a s e currents are
2 0 0 A , the line currents are
• a 200 A
• ft 2 8 2 A
• c 346 A
• d 400 A
If in Q u e s t i o n 15.12 the p h a s e voltages are
5 0 0 V, the line voltages are
• a 470 V
• ft 7 0 0 V
• c 760 V
• d 865 V
15.16 the p h a s e currents are
A
A
A
A
• a 24.308
• ft 2 6 . 6 1 2
• c 28.727
• d 31.604
kW
kW
kW
kW
15.20
In Q u e s t i o n 15.19 the apparent p o w e r is
• a 18.402 kVA
• ft 2 2 . 6 1 2 kVA
• c 2 4 . 8 1 3 kVA
• d 3 1 . 9 1 9 kVA
15.21
In Q u e s t i o n 15.19 the p h a s e currents are
• a 26 A
• ft 3 2 A
• c 34 A
• d 38 A
Voltage supplies and health and safety
15.22
A
three-phase
650-V
delta-connected
15.28
induction m o t o r takes a line current of
3 0 A at a p o w e r factor of 0.8. T h e active
p o w e r is
15.23
15.24
15.25
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s the alternator of Q u e s tion 15.25 c o n n e c t e d in delta a n d delivering the s a m e current. T h e line voltage V
L
is
•
a 24.667 k W
•
a 200 V
•
b 26.988 k W
b 310 V
c 410 V
d 450 V
•
c 30.667 k W
•
•
•
d 42.343 k W
•
In Q u e s t i o n 15.22 the a p p a r e n t p o w e r is
• a 2 5 . 1 6 8 kVA
• b 2 7 . 8 8 2 kVA
•
c 2 8 . 6 2 1 kVA
•
d 3 3 . 7 3 5 kVA
In Q u e s t i o n 15.22 the p h a s e currents are
• a 17.34 A
•
b 18.62 A
•
•
c 20.47 A
d 24.56 A
•
•
IL
15.29
In Q u e s t i o n 15.28 the line current I is
L
• a 26.4 A
•
•
•
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s an alternator c o n n e c t e d in star. If the p h a s e voltage V is
P
2 0 0 V a n d the p h a s e current on full load is
2 0 A , the line voltage V is
L
• a 300 V
• b 346 V
c 400 V
d 410 V
15.30
15.31
IL
b 28.1 A
c 30.3 A
d 34.6 A
In Q u e s t i o n
p o w e r is
• a 10.67
• b 11.97
• c 12.62
• d 13.11
15.28 the a p p a r e n t
output
kVA
kVA
kVA
kVA
A n alternator is c o n n e c t e d in star. W h e n
fully l o a d e d the p h a s e current is 6 0 A . If
the p h a s e voltage is 110 V, the line voltage
is
•
a 150.4 V
•
•
b 160.6 V
c 175.6 V
•
d 190.3 V
15.26
In Q u e s t i o n 15.25 the line current 7 is
L
• a 20 A
• b 28 A
• c 34 A
• d 36 A
15.32
In Q u e s t i o n 15.31 t h e line current is
• a 35 A
• b 45 A
• c 60 A
• d 65 A
15.27
In Q u e s t i o n
p o w e r is
• a 10.12
• b 10.98
• c 11.97
• d 12.16
15.33
In Q u e s t i o n 15.31 the a p p a r e n t
p o w e r is
• a 18.612 kVA
• b 19.753 kVA
• c 2 0 . 6 6 7 kVA
• d 2 2 . 3 3 4 kVA
15.25 the a p p a r e n t
kVA
kVA
kVA
kVA
output
103
output
104
Voltage supplies and health and safety
15.34
If the alternator
in Q u e s t i o n
15.31
c o n n e c t e d in m e s h s u p p l y i n g the
is
15.41
•
a Red
•
a 110 V
•
b Blue
•
b 190 V
•
c Black
•
c 220 V
•
d Green
•
d 240 V
load, the line voltage is
15.35
15.42
In Q u e s t i o n 15.34 the line current is
•
a 88.8 A
•
b 90.6 A
•
c 103.8 A
•
d 110.6 A
15.43
15.36
In Q u e s t i o n 15.34 the a p p a r e n t
p o w e r is
• a 16.824 kVA
• b 19.753 kVA
•
•
15.37
output
c 20.381 kVA
d 4 0 . 6 7 1 kVA
15.44
S o d a acid a n d c a r b o n d i o x i d e are types of
portable
•
•
•
•
15.38
a
b
c
d
F o a m extinguishers
Water extinguishers
Vaporizing liquid extinguishers
Dry powder extinguishers
15.45
F o a m fire extinguishers are c o l o u r e d
a Blue
b Black
•
•
c Red
d Green
B u r n i n g materials such as paper, w o o d and
textiles constitute a
•
•
•
a C l a s s A fire
b Class Β fire
c Class C fire
•
d C l a s s D fire
B u r n i n g petrol, paint, oils a n d fats constitute a
•
•
•
a C l a s s A fire
b Class Β fire
c Class C fire
•
d C l a s s D fire
A fire i n v o l v i n g live electrical e q u i p m e n t
w h e r e there is a d a n g e r of shock is
classed
•
•
a A
b Β
•
•
•
b Red
c Green
d W h i t e or c r e a m
•
•
c C
d Ό
Water fire extinguishers are c o l o u r e d
a
b
c
d
Red
Green
Blue
Black
15.47
15.40
•
•
a Black
•
•
•
•
D r y p o w d e r fire extinguishers are coloured
•
a Black
•
•
•
b Red
c Blue
d Green
are
C a r b o n d i o x i d e gas fire extinguishers are
coloured
•
15.46
15.39
Vaporizing liquid fire extinguishers
coloured
same
T h e m o s t effective agent for a fire involving w o o d a n d p a p e r is
•
•
a C a r b o n d i o x i d e gas
b Dry powder
•
•
c Foam
d Water
T h e m o s t effective agent for a fire involving liquids, gases and electrical e q u i p m e n t
is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
Water
Dry powder
Vaporizing liquid
Dry powder
Voltage supplies and health and safety
15.48
T h e m o s t effective agent for a fire involv-
15.55
ing electrical and electronic e q u i p m e n t is
•
•
15.49
15.50
•
a Helmets
b Dry powder
•
•
•
b Earplugs
c Masks
d Safety b o o t s
c C a r b o n d i o x i d e gas
•
d Water
T h e m o s t effective agent for a fire involving petrol, oil, fat a n d paint is
• a Foam
• b C a r b o n d i o x i d e gas
•
•
15.56
T h e m o s t effective agent for a fire involving m o t o r vehicles and laboratory e q u i p m e n t is
•
•
a Water
b Foam
•
•
c Vaporizing liquid
d Dry powder
A n individual c a n b e protected
electrostatic b u i l d - u p by u s i n g
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
15.57
against
A n individual c a n b e protected against
inhaling toxic gases a n d v a p o u r s by
using
• a Gloves
•
•
•
b A respirator
c A face screen
d P r o p e r clothing
a
b
c
d
Vapours
Fumes
Dusts
Gases
Z i n c c a d m i u m is an e x a m p l e of a hazardous
•
•
•
•
Goggles
Safety b o o t s
A helmet
A face screen
b Aprons
c Spectacles
d Boiler suits
N i t r o g e n oxides a n d c a r b o n m o n o x i d e are
e x a m p l e s of h a z a r d o u s
•
•
•
•
15.59
15.52
T h e eyes c a n b e protected against c h e m ical splash u s i n g
• a Clogs
•
•
•
c Water
d Dry powder
15.58
15.51
Protection against falling or flying objects
is a c h i e v e d u s i n g
a Foam
•
105
a
b
c
d
Fume
Dust
Gas
Vapour
W h e n a v e r a g e d o v e r an 8-hour day the
H S E C o d e of Practice r e c o m m e n d s that n o
o n e should b e e x p o s e d to a n o i s e level of
m o r e than
•
•
a 75 dB(A)
b 80 dB(A)
•
c 90 dB(A)
•
d 100 d B ( A )
15.53
A n electrical e n g i n e e r c a n b e protected
against electric s h o c k b y
• a W e a r i n g spectacles
• b F a c e screens
• c U s i n g earplugs
• d W e a r i n g gloves
15.60
W e l d i n g , c a r b o n arc and v a p o u r
e m i t spectral radiation in the
• a N e a r infra-red
• b Ultraviolet
• c F a r infra-red
• d VHF
15.54
Protection against high-intensity noise can
b e achieved u s i n g
15.61
S u n b u r n a n d skin c a n c e r are c a u s e d by
spectral radiation in the
• a Ultraviolet
• b RF
• c Audible
• d VLF
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
Goggles
Helmets
E a r p l u g s or muffs
Gloves
lamps
106
15.62
Voltage supplies and health and safety
Electrical tools used o u t d o o r s are
w o r k e d from
• a A three-pin p l u g
•
•
•
15.63
15.64
15.65
15.67
15.68
b A n isolating transformer
c A two-pin plug
d A low-loss cable
U n d e r the current colour c o d e for a threec o r e flexible c a b l e the neutral lead is
coloured
•
•
a Blue
b Brown
•
•
c Yellow
d Pink
Electricity from o v e r h e a d p o w e r lines can
flash over to objects p l a c e d
•
•
a 10-15 m away
b 2 4 - 2 6 m away
•
•
c 6 0 - 6 5 m away
d 9 0 - 9 5 m away
U s i n g a ladder in the w o r k p l a c e requires
that the ladder should e x t e n d a m i n i m u m
distance a b o v e the landing place of
• a 0.1 m
• b 0.5 m
• c 1.0 m
• d 2.5 m
T h e m a x i m u m distance b e t w e e n vertical
supports in scaffolds is
• a 10-12 m
• b 8-9 m
•
•
15.66
best
15.69
U n d e r the current colour c o d e for a threecore flexible cable the live lead is coloured
• a Yellow
• b Green/yellow
• c Brown
• d Blue
•
b Green/yellow
•
•
c Blue
d Pink
15.70
A suitable fuse for a 1-kW heater is
• a 2 A
• b 3 A
• c 5 A
• d 13 A
15.71
A suitable fuse for a 3 - k W heater is
• a 2 A
• b 3 A
• c 5 A
• d 13 A
15.72
A three-phase supply from a substation
will h a v e a voltage b e t w e e n the lines of
• a 110 V
• b 240 V
• c 330 V
• d 415 V
15.73
In Q u e s t i o n 15.72 the voltage b e t w e e n any
p h a s e a n d the neutral c o n d u c t o r is
• a 110 V
• b 200 V
• c 240 V
• d 310 V
c 6-7.5 m
d 2-2.5 m
Guardrails m u s t be p r o v i d e d a b o v e the top
platform of a d e s i g n e d scaffold. T h e height
of the guardrail a b o v e the platform m u s t
not b e less than
• a 1.0 m
• b 2.5 m
• c 4.2 m
• d 5.0 m
U n d e r the current colour c o d e for a threec o r e flexible cable the earth lead is coloured
• a Brown
Voltage supplies and health and safety
15.74
T h e r e c o m m e n d e d fuse for a d o m e s t i c
m a i n s - d r i v e n radio set is
15.75
107
In television receivers a n d c a t h o d e ray
oscilloscopes the voltages c a n be as high
•
a 3 A
•
b 5 A
as
•
a 500 V
•
c 1 A
•
b 800 V
•
d 13 A
•
•
c 3 kV
d 20 kV
16
16.1
16.2
Filters and attenuators
If the output and input p o w e r s of an
electronic n e t w o r k are 2 W and 0.01 W
respectively, the gain in decibels (dB) is
• a 10
• b 12
• c 23
• d 33
If an
40 W
•
•
•
•
16.3
electronic n e t w o r k has an input of
and an output of 4 0 W, the gain is
aOdB
b 6 dB
16.6
•
b 3 dB
•
•
c 6 dB
d 13 d B
•
c 3
•
d
-6
16.7
If a n e t w o r k has an input of 25 W and an
output of 0.5 W, the gain in decibels is
• a 13
• b -10
• c -17
• d 20
16.8
If a n e t w o r k has an output of 4 0 W and an
input of 2 0 0 W, the gain in decibels is
• a -7
• b 8
• c -9
• d 9
c 12 d B
d 18 d B
A n e t w o r k has an input of 0.3 m W and an
output of 6 m W . T h e gain is
• a 2 dB
A n e t w o r k has an input of 8 W and an
output of 2 W. T h e gain in decibels is
• a 6
• b -12
16.4
A n e t w o r k has a p o w e r gain of 6 0 d B . If
the output p o w e r is 1460 W, the input
p o w e r is
• a 1.26 m W
• b 1.46 m W
• c 2.46 m W
• d 4.24 m W
16.9
A filter has a p o w e r gain of - 4 0 d B . If the
input p o w e r is 100 W, the output p o w e r
is
• a 0.001 W
• b 0.01 W
• c 0.1 W
• d 1.0 W
16.5
A n e t w o r k has a p o w e r gain of 120 d B . If
the output p o w e r is 4 M W , the input p o w e r
is
• a 4 mW
• b 40 m W
• c 4 μW
• d 40 μ W
16.10
A n e t w o r k has a p o w e r gain of - 1 . 5 d B . If
the input p o w e r is 6 6 W, the output p o w e r
is
• a 25.48 W
• b 26.17 W
• c 30.38 W
• d 46.72 W
Filters and attenuators
16.11
A n e t w o r k h a s a p o w e r gain of - 3 d B . If
16.17
the input p o w e r is 100 W, the output p o w e r
is
•
16.12
16.14
16.15
a 36.67
ft 4 1 . 5 8
•
•
•
c 60 W
•
c 48.24
•
d 62 W
•
d 49.36
A n e t w o r k h a s a v o l t a g e gain of - 6 d B . If
the input voltage is 10 V, the output
voltage is
16.18
If four n e t w o r k s c o n n e c t e d in series h a v e
gains of - 6 0 d B , 7 8 d B , 10 d B a n d
- 2 9 d B , the overall gain is
• a 2 V
• ft 3 V
•
•
a - 1 dB
ft 1 d B
c 5 V
d 7 V
•
•
c 39 dB
d - 8 8 dB
A filter h a s a v o l t a g e gain of - 1 2 d B . If the
input voltage is 4 8 V, the output voltage
is
•
•
•
a 8 V
ft 10 V
c 12 V
•
d 24 V
A filter h a s a v o l t a g e gain of - 6 0 d B . If the
input voltage is 1500 V, the output voltage
is
• a 1.2 V
•
•
ft 1.5 V
c 10 V
•
d 15 V
16.19
a
ft
c
d
6
12
18
24
T h e input current to a n e t w o r k is 190 μ A
a n d the output current is 1.3 μ Α . T h e loss
in decibels is
• a 20.2
• ft 21.5
• c 28.6
• d 43.3
If four n e t w o r k s c o n n e c t e d in series h a v e
gains of - 0 . 5 d B , - 0 . 3 d B , - 2 d B a n d
+6.8 d B , the overall gain is
• a 2 dB
• ft - 2 d B
16.20
M e a s u r e m e n t s on a filter n e t w o r k s h o w e d
that the input current w a s 16.5 μ Α a n d that
the output current w a s 8.25 μ Α . T h e loss
in decibels is
•
•
•
•
16.16
T h e input current to a filter is 0.6 m A a n d
the output is 5 μ Α . T h e loss in decibels
is
• ft 55 W
•
•
16.13
a 50 W
109
•
c4dB
•
d - 4 dB
The diagram shows a two-stage network.
T h e gain of stage 1 is
•
a 1
•
•
•
ft 5
c 6
d 8
|l.av
1
| | V6
2
| | 2V4
16.21
In Q u e s t i o n 16.20 the gain of stage 2 is
• a 4
• ft 8
• c 12
• d 20
16.22
In Q u e s t i o n 16.20 the overall gain is
• a 12
• ft 2 0
• c 2
• d 4
110
16.23
Filters and attenuators
In Q u e s t i o n 16.20 t h e gain of stage 1 in
decibels is
• a 6.44
•
•
•
16.24
16.25
16.26
b 10.22
c 10.88
d 13.98
•
•
a 12
b 14
•
•
c 18
d 20
a 18
b 22
•
•
c 26
d 34
a 10
•
•
•
b 20
c 100
d 1000
in
16.31
jaov
^
16.32
a 13
b 15
21
d 21
c
In Q u e s t i o n
decibels is
• a 23
•
•
•
gain
in
b 45
c 73
d 87
a
b
c
d
0 . 0 5V
|
16.26 the overall
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s another
n e t w o r k . T h e overall gain is
•
•
•
•
two-stage
10
12
14
20
1
1 . 0V
9D V
16.33
T h e gain of stage 2 in Q u e s t i o n 16.32 is
• a 0.5
• b 0.67
• c 1.0
• d 1.5
16.34
T h e overall gain in Q u e s t i o n
decibels is
• a 18
• b 26
• c 30
• d 34
In Q u e s t i o n 16.26 the gain of stage 2 is
• a 4
•
•
•
16.28
I
•
•
gain
b 20
c 30
d 60
In Q u e s t i o n 16.26 the gain of stage 2 in
decibels is
•
The diagram shows another two-stage
n e t w o r k . T h e gain of stage 1 is
•
16.30
•
In Q u e s t i o n 16.20 t h e overall
decibels is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
In Q u e s t i o n 16.26 the gain of stage 1 in
decibels is
• a 10
•
•
•
In Q u e s t i o n 16.20 the gain of stage 2 in
decibels is
0 . 0 2V
16.27
16.29
b 4.5
c 4.8
d 5.0
In Q u e s t i o n 16.26 the overall gain is
• a 400
• b 500
• c 4500
• d 5000
16.32 in
Filters and attenuators
16.35
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a three-stage n e t w o r k .
T h e overall gain is
• a 75
• ft 80
• c 100
• d 120
J0.6V
16.36
16.37
16.38
1
7.2V
e
3.6V
3
In Q u e s t i o n 16.35 the overall gain
decibels is
• a 25.74
• b 30.28
• c 36.64
• d 41.58
I
3 6V
2
! 9V
3
T h e gain of stage 2 in Q u e s t i o n 16.38 in
decibels is
• a -6
• b -12
• c 6
• d 12
16.41
T h e overall gain of the n e t w o r k in Q u e s tion 16.38 in decibels is
• a 17.16
• b 19.58
• c 21.83
• d 23.52
16.42
The diagram
output p o w e r
• a 14.4
• b 16.7
• c 19.9
• d 26.3
in
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a n o t h e r three-stage
network. T h e gain of stage 2 is
• a 0.1
• b 0.25
• c 1.25
• d 25
| l . 8V
16.40
J72V
In Q u e s t i o n 16.35 the gain of stage 2 in
decibels is
• a -6
• b 6
• c -12
• d 12
16.43
- 4 dB
If in Q u e s t i o n 16.42 the gain is - 1 2 d B and
the input p o w e r is 1.0 W, the output p o w e r
is
• a 26
• ft 6 3
• c 78
• J 88
| 2 7V
T h e overall gain in Q u e s t i o n 16.38 is
• a 10
• b 12
• c 15
• d 20
s h o w s a single stage. T h e
W2 is
W
W
W
W
Wt*50W
16.44
16.39
111
mW
mW
mW
mW
If in Q u e s t i o n 16.42 the gain is - 3 0 d B and
the output p o w e r is 1.0 W, the input p o w e r
is
• a 10
• ft 100
• c 500
• d 1000
112
Filters and attenuators
16.45
The diagram shows a simple low-pass
filter. T h e output voltage V at the - 3 - d B
c
point is
16.50
the - 3 - d B point is
•
a 87 H z
•
a 16.97 V
•
b 101 H z
•
•
b 18.42 V
c 19.04 V
•
c 103 H z
•
d 117 H z
•
d 20.68 V
16.51
2 4V
16.46
16.48
L 5Fu ZJZ
Vc
T h e voltage across the resistor in Q u e s t i o n
16.45 at the - 3 - d B point is
•
•
•
•
16.47
a
b
c
d
11.38
12.67
16.97
19.62
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a Τ l o w - p a s s filter,
w h e r e the i n d u c t a n c e s h a v e values of 1/2.
T h e filter is required to h a v e a design
i m p e d a n c e of 3 0 0 Ω a n d a cut-off freq u e n c y of 100 H z . T h e value of L is
•
a 863 m H
•
•
b 900 m H
c 955 m H
•
d 996 m H
V
V
V
V
Z/2
L /2
In Q u e s t i o n 16.45 the cut-off frequency at
the - 3 - d B point is
•
a 16.62 H z
•
b 48.23 Hz
•
•
c 60.18 Hz
d 65.33 Hz
16.52
a
b
c
d
21.21
42.42
46.21
48.42
V
V
V
V
16.53
6 8 0R
3 0V
2 u Z
F I
Vc
11
i
In Q u e s t i o n 16.48 the voltage across the
resistor at the - 3 - d B point is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
10.61
16.82
21.21
24.42
V
V
V
V
T h e value of C in Q u e s t i o n 16.51 is
•
•
•
•
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s another simple l o w pass filter. T h e output voltage V at the
c
- 3 - d B point is
•
•
•
•
16.49
In Q u e s t i o n 16.48 the cut-off frequency at
a
b
c
d
10.05
10.61
14.34
17.82
μΡ
μΡ
μΡ
μΡ
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a l o w - p a s s ττ filter
w h e r e the capacitors h a v e values of C/2. It
is a r e q u i r e m e n t for the design i m p e d a n c e
to b e 6 0 0 Ω a n d the cut-off frequency to b e
5 0 H z . T h e value of C is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
10.61
12.32
14.41
16.57
μΡ
μΡ
μΡ
μΡ
Filters and attenuators
16.54
T h e value of
• a 2.84
• b 3.06
• c 3.82
• d 4.86
16.55
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a high-pass Τ filter,
w h e r e the capacitors h a v e the values 2 C . If
the design i m p e d a n c e is 6 0 0 Ω and the cutoff frequency is 150 H z , the value of C is
approximately
• a 0.62 μ¥
• b 0.69 μ¥
• c 0.88 μ¥
• d 0.92 μ Ρ
L in Q u e s t i o n 16.53 is
H
H
H
H
16.58
In Q u e s t i o n 16.57 the
approximately
• a 400 m H
• b 597 m H
• c 632 m H
• d 704 m H
16.59
The diagram shows a symmetrical Τ
attenuator. T h e characteristic i m p e d a n c e
RQ is
• a 10 Ω
• b 20 Ω
• c 40 Ω
• J 60 Ω
RL
jj
2 0R
—11—ι—11—
R o _^
16.57
the
value
of L
is
2R
I
2R
0
3R0
_
^
Ro
C
"T T~
16.60
T h e attenuation of the n e t w o r k in Question
16.59 is
• a 3
• b 5
• c 1
• d 9
16.61
T h e voltage attenuation in Q u e s t i o n 16.59
e x p r e s s e d in decibels is
• a 7.3
• b 9.5
• c 10.6
• d 12.1
16.62
If in Q u e s t i o n 16.59 Rx = 80 Ω and R2 =
120 Ω, the characteristic i m p e d a n c e RQ is
• a 110 Ω
• b 120 Ω
• c 150 Ω
• d 160 Ω
16.63
T h e attenuation in Q u e s t i o n 16.62 is
• a 2
• b 3
• c 6
• d 1
is
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a high-pass ττ filter,
w h e r e the inductors h a v e values 2L. If the
design i m p e d a n c e is 3 0 0 Ω a n d the cut-off
frequency is 4 0 H z , the value of C is
approximately
• a 4.87 μ Ρ
• b 5.31 μ Ρ
• c 6.63 μ Ρ
• d 7.24 μ Ρ
Hh
of L
I
^ L
In Q u e s t i o n 16.55
approximately
• a 0.11 Η
• b 0.16 Η
• c 0.28 Η
• d 0.32 Η
value
l R
Μ
1
16.56
113
114
16.64
16.65
Filters and attenuators
T h e voltage attenuation in Q u e s t i o n 16.62
e x p r e s s e d in decibels is
•
•
a 3.1
b 4.8
•
•
c 7.6
d 9.5
16.69
•
•
•
•
The diagram shows a symmetrical Τ
attenuator. It is a r e q u i r e m e n t for the
attenuator to h a v e an attenuation of 6 d B
a n d a characteristic i m p e d a n c e of 6 0 0 Ω.
T h e value of R is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
108
199
250
360
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
H
Rl
16.70
l R
h
τ
16.67
T h e value of R
2 in Q u e s t i o n 16.65 is
16.71
b 716 Ω
c 803 Ω
d 863 Ω
If it is a r e q u i r e m e n t in Q u e s t i o n 16.65 for
the attenuation to b e 32 d B a n d the
characteristic i m p e d a n c e to b e 4 0 0 Ω, the
value of R is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
x
264
280
320
380
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
16.72
CR
5 0R0
BR
R2
I
I
b 143 Ω
c 202 Ω
d 287 Ω
In Q u e s t i o n 16.69 the value of R
c
approximately
•
a 408 Ω
•
•
•
b 550 Ω
c 648 Ω
d 877 Ω
T h e value of R in Q u e s t i o n 16.67 is
2
• a 20 Ω
• b 42 Ω
• c 68 Ω
• d 91 Ω
is
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a s y m m e t r i c a l ττ
attenuator. UR = 2 0 Ω and R = 3 0 Ω, the
X
2
characteristic i m p e d a n c e is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
10
15
20
60
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Rl
16.68
1 0R
00
In Q u e s t i o n 16.69 the value of R
B is
approximately
• a 112 Ω
•
•
•
R2
•
•
•
163
285
367
400
Τ
H
approximately
• a 608 Ω
a
b
c
d
RA
x
Rl
16.66
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s an a s y m m e t r i c a l Τ
attenuator. If t h e attenuation of the netw o r k is 10, the value of R is a p p r o x A
imately
7 ϊ ί Υ
R2
_r
R
2
iL
Filters and attenuators
16.73
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s an a s y m m e t r i c a l ττ
16.74
attenuator together with the s o u r c e i m p e d ance R
In Q u e s t i o n
x a n d the load i m p e d a n c e R2. If the
•
R
• ft 6 0 Ω
of R
•
c 75 Ω
•
99 Ω
A is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
a 65 Ω
16.73 the value of
R
B
a 33 Ω
attenuation of the n e t w o r k is 10, the value
•
16.73 the value of
approximately
• ft 82 Ω
•
c 88 Ω
•
d 97 Ω
16.75
RB
~τ
τ —-hr
40R
RI
Τ
r
1
RA
Τ
RC
1
R2
-
10R
-Ε_
In Q u e s t i o n
approximately
•
•
•
•
a
ft
c
d
11
19
29
75
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
c
17
Denary, binary and logic gates
17.1
Denary
• a
• ft
• c
• d
17.2
D e n a r y 9 e x p r e s s e d in b a s e 3 is
•
•
•
•
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
a
b
c
d
9 e x p r e s s e d in base 5 is
12
16
20
14
16
74
100
123
17.7
T h e n u m b e r 3 0 in base 5 expressed in
d e n a r y is
• a 5
• ft 10
• c 15
• d 250
17.8
T h e n u m b e r 251 in b a s e 6 expressed in
d e n a r y is
•
•
•
•
D e n a r y 19 e x p r e s s e d in b a s e 6 is
•
•
•
a 31
b 62
c 72
•
d 93
17.9
•
•
•
a 101
b 65
c 142
•
d 36
T h e n u m b e r 111 in b a s e 3 e x p r e s s e d in
d e n a r y is
• a 12
• ft 13
• c 24
• d 26
T h e n u m b e r 33 in b a s e 4 e x p r e s s e d in
denary is
• a 4
• ft 17
• c 9
• J 15
64
103
127
156
T h e denary n u m b e r 7 w h e n c o n v e r t e d to
binary is
•
•
•
•
D e n a r y 17 e x p r e s s e d in b a s e 4 is
a
ft
c
d
a
ft
c
J
101
111
110
11
17.10
Denary
• a
• ft
• c
• d
25 c o n v e r t e d to binary is
11001
1101
11010
10001
17.11
Denary
• a
• ft
• c
• d
39 c o n v e r t e d to binary is
110000
111101
100010
100111
17.12
Denary
• a
• ft
• c
• d
61 c o n v e r t e d to binary is
1001
11101
111101
111111
Denary, binary and logic gates
17.13
T h e binary n u m b e r 101 w h e n c o n v e r t e d to
17.20
d e n a r y is
17.14
17.15
•
a 6
b 12
•
c 5
•
c
•
d l
•
d 11111
•
•
b 16
c 12
•
d 15
•
•
number
T h e binary n u m b e r
d e n a r y is
•
a 24
•
•
•
b 26
c 30
d 42
1110 c o n v e r t e d
11110 c o n v e r t e d
to
to
17.21
17.22
17.17
T h e binary n u m b e r 110011 c o n v e r t e d to
d e n a r y is
a 11010
b 11011
11010
B i n a r y 1010 subtracted from 1100 gives
•
a 10
•
b 11
•
c
•
<T101
100
B i n a r y 11 subtracted from 1111 gives
• a 1001
•
•
•
17.23
17.16
T h e addition of binary n u m b e r s 1011 a n d
10100 gives
•
T h e binary
d e n a r y is
• a 14
b 1100
c 1000
d 1010
Binary
gives
10111
a
a 51
b 60
•
•
b 1101
c 1110
•
•
c 28
d 34
•
d 1111
•
•
•
•
17.24
a 1111
b 10100
c 11000
d 10000
Binary
gives
10111
•
•
•
•
10001
10010
10111
11011
a
b
c
d
subtracted
from
100000
subtracted
from
101110
1001
•
•
•
T h e addition of binary n u m b e r s 100 a n d
1100 gives
117
17.18
The
1111
•
•
addition of binary n u m b e r s 11 and
gives
a 11000
b 10110
•
c 10010
• d 10110
17.25
The
100,
•
•
•
•
17,19
T h e addition of binary n u m b e r s 10001 a n d
10010 gives
• a 100011
• b 101011
• c 101010
• d 110001
17.26
T h e p r o d u c t of the binary n u m b e r s 11 and
101 is
•
•
•
•
addition of the three binary n u m b e r s
1111 a n d 11010 equals
a 100001
b 101101
c 110001
d 111011
a
b
c
d
1000
1100
1010
1111
118
Denary, binary and logic gates
17.27
T h e p r o d u c t of the binary n u m b e r s 110 a n d
111 is
• a
• b
•
•
17.28
is
•
a 001100
•
b 011101
c 111101
d 111110
•
c
101111
•
d
100000
17.35
a 100010
b 101011
c 111100
d 111110
17.36
17.29
T h e product of the three binary n u m b e r s
11, 100 and 100 is
•
•
a 10100
b 110000
•
•
c 1010
d 1100
Binary 1100 divided by binary 100 is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
17.32
Binary 10101 divided by binary 111 is
100011.111001
101000.110000
•
c
101001.110010
•
d 010000.110010
a
b
c
d
T h e binary n u m b e r 100.10111 converted
to octal is
a
b
c
d
4.53
4.56
4.57
4.51
T h e binary n u m b e r 11.1111 converted to
octal is
•
a 3.74
b 100
•
•
c 101
d 111
•
•
•
b 2.71
c 7.70
d 7.74
a 10010
b 10100
c 10101
d 10111
T h e octal n u m b e r 25 e x p r e s s e d in binary
is
•
•
•
•
a 010101
b 001101
c 010110
d 110101
T h e denary n u m b e r
h e x a d e c i m a l is
•
•
•
•
17.40
in
31
15
5
25
a 11
17.39
expressed
T h e binary n u m b e r 1101 converted to octal
is
•
Binary 111100 divided by binary 11 is
51.62
a
b
•
•
•
•
•
17.33
number
•
•
•
•
•
•
10
11
100
101
17.38
17.31
T h e octal
binary is
•
•
•
•
17.37
17.30
T h e octal n u m b e r 4 0 expressed in binary
101010
111010
T h e product of the binary n u m b e r s 110 a n d
1010 is
•
•
•
•
17.34
a
b
c
d
334
converted
to
23A
2AB
13A
14E
T h e d e n a r y n u m b e r 29.75 c o n v e r t e d to
h e x a d e c i m a l is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
1D.C
1A.B
1B.B
1C.A
Denary, binary and logic gates
17.41
T h e denary n u m b e r 2 5 2 . 5 c o n v e r t e d
to
17.48
h e x a d e c i m a l is
17.42
•
a FC.8
•
b B8.9
•
c BF.F
•
d AB.C
H e x a d e c i m a l 2 A B c o n v e r t e d to d e n a r y is
• a 324
• b 426
•
•
17.43
17.44
17.45
17.47
c 683
d 760
H e x a d e c i m a l D . A c o n v e r t e d to d e n a r y is
• a 10.25
•
b 12.5
•
•
c
d
17.50
13.625
14.75
H e x a d e c i m a l Ε 1.4 c o n v e r t e d to d e n a r y is
• a 120.4
• b 150.75
• c 175.5
• d 225.25
c
d
17.51
10110011
11010010
T h e h e x a d e c i m a l n u m b e r F.E c o n v e r t e d to
binary is
• a 1000.1111
• b 1111.1110
• c 1010.1100
• d 1001.1110
The hexadecimal number l.AB converted
to binary is
• a 0001.10101011
• b 0010.11101011
• c 0011.11110000
• d 0100.10011001
T h e binary n u m b e r 10011011 c o n v e r t e d to
binary is
•
•
a 6F
b 7E
•
•
c 8C
d 9B
T h e binary
n u m b e r 11.11 c o n v e r t e d
h e x a d e c i m a l is
•
a F.D
•
b 7.C
•
c
•
d 7.7
17.52
to
3.C
T h e binary n u m b e r 110.101 c o n v e r t e d to
h e x a d e c i m a l is
• a 6.A
• b B.A
c C.5
d D.5
•
•
T h e h e x a d e c i m a l n u m b e r A 2 c o n v e r t e d to
binary is
• a 10100001
• b 10100010
•
•
17.46
17.49
119
T h e truth table s h o w n w h e r e A and Β are
the inputs a n d Q the o u t p u t is for
A
Β
Q
0
1
1
•
a A n A N D gate
•
b A N A N D gate
0
0
•
•
c A n O R gate
d A N O R gate
1
1
In the d i a g r a m the gate is
• a
ANAND
• b A NOR
• c An A N D
• d A NOT
A
Β
j
j
1
0
1
1
0
120
17.53
Denary, binary and logic gates
In the gate in Q u e s t i o n 17.52 the n u m b e r
of possible input c o m b i n a t i o n s is
• a 2
• b 4
• c 8
•
a
b
c
d
1
4
8
2
c 1010
d 1100
A
Β
a
b
c
d
1000
0001
0111
1110
17.59
1
—j
I ι
1
I
Ο
G
W h i c h single gate w o u l d replace
c o m b i n a t i o n in Q u e s t i o n 17.58?
• a NAND
• b NOT
A
1
Β — j
I
Ο
Ο
If the output of the gate in Q u e s t i o n 17.55
is fed into a N O T gate, the o u t p u t of the
N O T gate will b e
•
•
•
•
17.57
b 1000
•
•
In the gate s h o w n the output Q for all
possible inputs listed as in Q u e s t i o n 17.51
will b e
•
•
•
•
17.56
a 0011
•
In Q u e s t i o n 17.52 the n u m b e r of outputs Q
at logic 1 will b e
•
•
•
•
17.55
Listing the inputs in a s c e n d i n g binary
order for the gate c o m b i n a t i o n s h o w n , the
output Q is
d 16
•
17.54
17.58
a
b
c
d
17.60
•
•
d
•
•
•
•
A
Β
Q
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
EXCLUSIVE-OR
gives a logic 1 output is
1110
1000
0111
0001
a A n O R gate
b An EXCLUSIVEO R gate
c A N O R gate
d A N A N D gate
c NOR
•
In the d i a g r a m the input c o m b i n a t i o n that
T h e truth table s h o w n is for
•
•
•
the
A
a
b
c
d
A
Β
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
Denary, binary and logic gates
17.61
Listing the inputs
order
for
the
in a s c e n d i n g
combination
binary
shown,
17.64
W h i c h single gate could be used to replace
the c o m b i n a t i o n in Q u e s t i o n 17.63?
the
output Q is
a 1110
•
•
•
b 0001
•
c An OR
•
c 0011
•
d An EXCLUSIVE-OR
•
d
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a c o m b i n a t i o n of t w o
gates. T h e input c o m b i n a t i o n that gives a
logic 1 output is
17.65
A
= 1
Β
17.62
Ύ
=
λ
= 1
^
—
—
Ο
A B C
1
If Q u e s t i o n 17.61 is r e p e a t e d for the gate
c o m b i n a t i o n s h o w n , the output Q is
• a 0101
• b 1001
•
•
c 0110
d 0001
.
17.63
1
— j
Q
I
a
b
c
d
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
A
—
ι
L
Lrl
—j
j
A
j
'
•
•
c 5
d 8
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s t w o N O R gates u s e d
in t a n d e m . T h e input c o m b i n a t i o n that will
give a logic 1 output is
A B C
•
•
a 1
b 0
1
0
1
0
•
•
c 1
JO
0
1
1
0
rVi
Ί
Β
0
1
1
• * 3
17.67
•
•
•
•
0
1
1
0
If the gate with inputs A a n d Β in Q u e s t i o n
17.65 is r e p l a c e d b y a N A N D gate, the
n u m b e r of outputs Q at logic 1 will b e
• a 1
17.66
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a c o m b i n a t i o n of three
gates. T h e input c o m b i n a t i o n that gives a
logic 0 output is
Β
0
b 0
c 1
d 1
c
= 1
I — j
A
a 0
•
•
•
~A
q=j-Li—ι
-
•
A
Β
Β
a A NOT
b A NOR
•
1100
;>Γ
121
&
—
Ο
11
£
O—
^ — Γ Η — r
O-û
122
Denary, binary and logic gates
17.68
The diagram shows a two-gate combina-
17.71
H e x a d e c i m a l 3 B C c o n v e r t e d to denary is
• a 633
• b 728
• c 800
• d 956
17.72
H e x a d e c i m a l F E . D 4 c o n v e r t e d to denary
is
tion. O n e of the input c o m b i n a t i o n s that
will give a logic 1 output is
A B C
•
•
a 0
b 0
0
0
•
c 0
1
•
d 1
0
1
•
a
•
•
•
b 182.613413
c 254.828125
d 412.712712
A
Β
c
17.69
—j
I ι
1
Ο—
I
H e x a d e c i m a l C 4 E c o n v e r t e d to binary is
• a 100101001001
• b 000111001001
• c 010101000100
• d 110001001110
17.74
Binary
• a
• b
• c
• d
17.75
B i n a r y 1110 divided b y 111 is
c ABC
d
All
D e n a r y 7 7 . 8 7 5 c o n v e r t e d to h e x a d e c i m a l
is
• a 1A.B
• b 2D.E
•
•
17.73
Ο
D e n a r y 4 7 8 c o n v e r t e d to h e x a d e c i m a l is
• a 2AB
• b IDE
•
•
17.70
= 1
c 4D.E
d 1A.A
161.724442
0
1 0
10001 multiplied by 111 is
1010101
1110111
1000111
1000000
•
•
a 10
b 11
•
•
c 100
d 101
18
Background science
18.1
In the SI s y s t e m the b a s e unit for length is
the
• a Centimetre
• b Millimetre
• c Metre
• d Yard
18.2
In the SI s y s t e m the b a s e unit for m a s s is
the
•
•
•
•
18.3
18.5
18.6
In the SI s y s t e-2m density is m e a s u r e d in
• a kgm 3
• b k g m "2
• c kgm3
• d kgm
18.8
3 a m a s s of 8 0 0 g a n d a
A certain metal has
v o l u m e of 4 0 c m3. T h e density is
• a 2 kgm" 3
Pound
Gram
Ounce
Kilogram
In the SI s y s t e m the b a s e unit for t i m e is
the
• a Second
• b Minute
•
•
18.4
a
b
c
d
18.7
c Hour
d Millisecond
•
•
•
18.9
In the SI s y s t e m the b a s e unit for current is
the
•
•
a Nanoampere
b Microampere
•
•
c Milliampere
d Ampere
In the SI s y s t e m the b a s e unit for t e m perature is the
• a D e g r e e Celsius
• b Degree centigrade
• c D e g r e e Farenheit
• d Kelvin
E n e r g y is m e a s u r e d in
• a Coulombs
•
•
•
b Joules
c Watts
d Amperes
2 pressure is
T h e SI unit for
• a Nm"3
• b N m ~2
•
•
18.10
b 20 k g m " 3
c 0.02 k g m 3
"
d 0.2 k g m "
c
d
Nm4
Nm
T h e SI unit of force is the
•
•
a Pound
b Gram
•
•
c Newton
d Ton
2 of 6 0 Ν acts o v e r an area of
force
2 o n this area is
m , the pressure
a 120 N m " 2
b 240 N m " 2
c 280 N m " 2
d 300 N m "
18.11
If a
0.25
•
•
•
•
18.12
If a force of 1 Ν m o v e s an object a
distance of 1 m in the direction of the
force, the a m o u n t of w o r k d o n e is
• a 1 pound
• b 1 coulomb
• c 1 volt
• d 1 joule
124
18.13
Background science
Gravitational force in the SI units is equal
2
to
• a lONkg 1
• b 10 Ν k g " 1
• c 2 0 Ν k g "2
•
18.14
18.15
18.18
a
b
c
d
330
400
460
700
a
b
c
d
18.22
c 2000 m s " 1
•
d 2200 m s "
300
400
500
600
•
•
a Violet
b Blue
•
•
c Yellow
d Red
T h e w a v e l e n g t h of e m e r a l d green is
• a 460 nm
• b 555 nm
in
sea
water
c 600 nm
d 650 nm
In the e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c spectrum,
violet h a s a l o w e r frequency than
•
•
•
a X-rays
b Visible light
c Infra-red
•
d Radio waves
ultra-
W h i c h of the following g r o u p s has the
longest w a v e l e n g t h s ?
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
X-rays
Infra-red radiation
Radio waves
Visible light
is
If a ship emits a short pulse of s o u n d
t o w a r d s the sea bed a n d the e c h o is
received b a c k in 0.4 s, the sea depth u n d e r
the ship is
a
b
c
d
18.23
330 m
530 m
660 m
1320 m
•
In the visible s p e c t r u m the colour situated
b e t w e e n o r a n g e a n d green is
•
•
ms"1
ms'1
ms"1
ms"
T h e speed of s o u n d
1
approximately
1
• a 1200 m s "
• b 1500 m s " 1
•
•
•
•
18.19
b Ampere
c Watt
d Ohm
T h e e c h o of a g u n shot from a distant cliff
is heard 4 s after the g u n is fired. T h e
distance to the cliff is
•
•
•
•
18.17
18.21
1
T h e velocity of sound
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
18.16
d 25 N k g
T h e SI unit for p o w e r is the
• a Volt
•
•
•
18.20
18.24
18.25
m
m
m
m
W h i c h one of the following is not an
electromagnetic w a v e ?
• a Infra-red
• b Radio
• c Light
• d Sound
W h i c h o n e of the following g r o u p s h a s the
highest frequencies?
•
•
a Radio waves
b Infra-red radiation
•
•
c Visible light
d Ultraviolet radiation
If a light ray hits a plane mirror at an angle
of 5 0 °, the angle b e t w e e n the incident ray
and the reflected ray is
•
•
•
•
18.26
a 50°
b 100°
c 150°
d 200°
A car rear-view mirror is
• a Convex
• b Concave
• c Plane
• d Parabolic
Background science
18.27
T h e simplest a t o m , h a v i n g only o n e p r o -
18.34
ton, is that of
•
18.29
18.30
•
•
a 2 0 °F
b 21 °F
•
b Hydrogen
•
c 32 °F
•
c Copper
•
5 9 °F
•
d Silver
If a neutral a t o m h a s a n u c l e u s c o n t a i n i n g
2 2 p r o t o n s a n d 2 4 n e u t r o n s , the a t o m i c
n u m b e r is
• a 11
•
•
b 22
c 24
•
d 46
T h e m a s s n u m b e r of the a t o m in Q u e s t i o n
18.28 is
• a 20
• b 22
• c 24
• d 46
18.32
•
•
•
a Silver
•
•
b Mercury
c Water
•
d Lead
A b s o l u t e zero
• a -100
• b -132
• c -273
• d -300
18.37
T h e freezing point of m e r c u r y is - 3 7 °C.
T h i s t e m p e r a t u r e e x p r e s s e d in the Kelvin
scale is
• a 140 Κ
18.38
b 236 Κ
c 246 Κ
•
d 270 Κ
If a m e t a l is c o o l e d until it b e c o m e s a
s u p e r c o n d u c t o r , the m e t a l then
•
•
a H a s zero density
b Has zero mass
•
•
c H a s z e r o electrical resistance
d Has zero weight
T h e specific h e a t capacity of w a t e r m e a s u r e d in j o u l e s p e r k i l o g r a m p e r d e g r e e
C e l s i u s is
• a 1000
• b 1200
• c 3000
• d 4200
18.40
T h e a m o u n t of heat e n e r g y n e e d e d to heat
2 k g of w a t e r from 15 °C to 5 5 °C is
• a 168 kJ
• b 3 3 6 kJ
• c 4 0 0 kJ
• d 6 7 2 kJ
2
4
14
18
G e r m a n i u m h a s the a t o m i c n u m b e r
• a 32
• b 36
• c 48
• d 64
•
•
is
°C
°C
°C
°C
18.39
Silicon h a s the a t o m i c n u m b e r
a
b
c
d
a 38 °C
b 4 0 °C
c 4 5 °C
J 81 °C
18.36
T w o a t o m s of h y d r o g e n and o n e a t o m of
o x y g e n will c o m b i n e to form a m o l e c u l e
of
•
•
•
•
18.33
d 48
113 °F c o n v e r t e d to d e g r e e s Celsius is
•
•
T h e n u m b e r of electrons in Q u e s t i o n 18.28
is
• a 22
• b 44
• c 46
•
18.31
15 °C c o n v e r t e d to d e g r e e s F a h r e n h e i t is
a Oxygen
18.35
18.28
125
126
18.41
18.42
Background science
W h i c h o n e of the following is not a g o o d
c o n d u c t o r of heat e n e r g y ?
•
•
a Copper
b Iron
•
•
c Glass
d Silver
H e a t is transferred to the tip of a soldering
iron from the heating e l e m e n t by
• a Insulation
• b Radiation
• c Convection
• d Conduction
18.48
Velocity has
• a M a g n i t u d e only
• b Direction only
• c Both m a g n i t u d e and direction
• d Distance only
18.49
Speed has
• a M a g n i t u d e only
•
•
•
18.50
18.43
18.44
H e a t transfer by the circulation of a gas or
liquid is called
• a Radiation
• b Convection
• c Conduction
• d Insulation
T h e heat energy that can travel t h r o u g h a
v a c u u m is called
•
•
•
•
18.45
18.46
Radiation
Conduction
Insulation
Convection
T h e t i m e in m i n u t e s for the radiation from
the sun to reach Earth is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
a 4
•
b 8
•
•
c 16
d 80
W h i c h o n e of the following c o l o u r e d
surfaces is the best absorber of h e a t ?
•
•
•
•
18.47
a
b
c
d
a
b
c
d
Which
surfaces
• a
• b
• c
• d
18.51
•
a 55.4
•
•
•
b 59.2
c 76.8
d 80.4
1
T h e speed of the car in Q u e s t i o n -18.50
e x p r e s s e d in m e t r e s per second ( m s ) is
18.53
21.33
30.67
42.67
58.37
c Metres per minute
d M e t r e s per h o u r
A vehicle 1
starts from rest and h a s a speed
of 3 0 m s " after 21 0 s . T h e acceleration is
• a 0.3 m s " 2
• b 3.0 m s "2
•
•
18.54
a
b
c
d
Acceleration is m e a s u r e d in
• a M e t r e s per s e c o n d
• b M e t r e s per s e c o n d per second
•
•
Blue
Green
White
Black
o n e of the following c o l o u r e d
is the best reflector of h e a t ?
Black
White
Yellow
Green
A car travels at a constant speed a distance
of 4 8 k m in 37.5 m. - T1
h e speed in
k i l o m e t r e s per h o u r ( k m h ) is
•
•
•
•
18.52
b Distance only
c Direction only
d M a g n i t u d e a n d direction
c 10 m s " 2
d 30 m s "
T h e definition of m o m e n t u m is
• a Gravity X velocity
• b D i s t a n c e X velocity
• c M a s s X velocity
• d M a s s X acceleration
Background science
18.55
The
acceleration
due
to
gravity
is
18.62
2
• a 10 m s " 2
• ft 18 m s ~ 2
•
c 20 m s " 2
approximately
•
18.56
18.57
18.58
•
b A flow of a t o m s
•
•
c A flow of m o l e c u l e s
d A flow of electrons
A n electron h a s
•
a A positive and a n e g a t i v e c h a r g e
•
•
b N o charge
c A negative charge
•
d A positive c h a r g e
T h e voltage in an electrical circuit can b e
m e a s u r e d using
• a A voltmeter
• b An ammeter
• c A wattmeter
• d A signal generator
A p r i m a r y battery cell w h i c h uses carbon
a n d zinc electrodes p r o d u c e s
d 26 m s "
Electric current consists of
• a A flow of p r o t o n s
18.63
18.64
•
a 0.5 V
•
b 1.5 V
•
c 6.5 V
•
d 9.5 V
A l e a d - a c i d cell used in car
produces approximately
•
•
a 0.6 V
b 1. 0 V
•
•
c 2.0 V
d 3.0 V
•
•
•
•
18.65
A rheostat is
•
•
•
•
18.60
A
A
A
A
variable capacitor
variable switch
variable resistor
fixed resistor
T u n g s t e n is often u s e d for the filament of a
light b u l b b e c a u s e
•
•
•
•
18.61
a
b
c
d
In a
from
•
•
•
•
18.66
a
b
c
d
Kinetic e n e r g y
Potential e n e r g y
Mechanical energy
Chemical energy
a
b
c
d
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
H y d r o g e n a n d c a r b o n dioxide
Oxygen and hydrogen
O x y g e n and c a r b o n m o n o x i d e
A n electrical a p p l i a n c e can b e protected
from e x c e s s i v e current and possible d a m a g e by using a
• a Fuse
• b Resistor
• c Transformer
If a
6 A,
•
•
•
•
d Transistor
car h e a d l a m p b u l b is rated as 12 V,
the w a t t a g e g e n e r a t e d is
a 18 W
ft 36 W
c 54 W
d 72 W
18.67
A n electrical appliance c o n s u m i n g 2 k W
from a m a i n s supply w o u l d require a fuse
with a rating of
• a 1 A
• ft 3 A
• c 5 A
• d 10 A
18.68
W h i c h o n e of the following is a m a g n e t i c
material?
• a Copper
• ft Iron
• c Lead
• d Glass
a It has a l o w resistance
b It can r e a c h a h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e
without melting
c It has a l o w c a p a c i t a n c e
d It has a l o w i n d u c t a n c e
battery, electrical e n e r g y is p r o d u c e d
batteries
W h e n a car battery is b e i n g recharged, t w o
gases are given out. T h e s e are
•
18.59
127
128
18.69
18.70
Background science
A plotting c o m p a s s points to the
• a East
• b West
• c North
• d South
p o w e r at high voltage in order to
•
a R e d u c e the e n e r g y lost
•
b A v o i d c a p a c i t a n c e effects
•
c A v o i d i n d u c t a n c e effects
•
d R e d u c e the n u m b e r of cables
a
b
c
d
C h e m i c a l energy
Potential e n e r g y
Kinetic energy
Solar energy
required
18.74
In an electrical generator electrical e n e r g y
is p r o d u c e d from
•
•
•
•
18.72
T h e National Grid carries large a m o u n t s of
In an electric m o t o r t h e electrical e n e r g y
produces
•
•
•
•
18.71
18.73
a
b
c
d
C h e m i c a l energy
Kinetic energy
Solar energy
Potential energy
A l o w e r alternating voltage c a n b e p r o d u c e d from the m a i n s supply by using a
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
Voltmeter
Capacitor
Rectifier
Transformer
18.75
T h e total resistance in a cable supplying
0.5 A is 1.5 Ω. T h e p o w e r lost in the cable
is
•
a 250 m W
•
•
•
b 375 m W
c 675 m W
d 800 m W
If the current in Q u e s t i o n 18.74 is halved,
the p o w e r lost in the cable is
•
a 22.25 m W
•
•
•
b 45.65 m W
c 50.25 m W
d 93.75 m W
19
Calculations
3
19.1
6
2
is
• a 36
• ft 3 1 6
• c 1296
•
2
a
b
c
d
is
a 11
b 13
c 42
•
8
6 + 6 is
•
•
•
•
^169
•
•
•
d 7776
3
19.2
19.7
X 6
·
1
6
0
36
•
•
•
•
J
84.5
s
6
,
5
i
α 10.3
ft 10.8
c 11.2
14.7
2
19.9
19.3
2 0 ° is
.
•α a 0
2
8
Χ 8
04a 0
0.4
19.10
X 8° is
V24 X V24 is
• fl 1
• ft 12
a 24
• ft 32
•
c
•
c 64
•
d 48
•
J
2
24
512
4
2
Λ
2 Q
X 2 " i s a2
Q
4
Q *
c8
•
19.6
ft
Q c 10
• d 25
1
•
19.5
•
* 1
c 20
d 40
•
•
19.4
5 ~ is
19.11
0
T h e n u m b e r 4 7 0 e x p r e s s e d in
3
form is
α α 4 . 7 Χ ΐ 0
standard
• ft 4 7 X 10 2
• c 4.7 Χ 1 02
• J 47 Χ 10
d 16
5
5 " + 5 " is
• a 5
• ft 25
• c 125
• d 625
19.12
T h e n u m b e r 1 0 0 0 0 e x p r e s s e d in standard
4
form is
3
• a 10 Χ 1 0
• ft 10 Χ 1 03
• c 1 Χ 104
• </ 1 Χ 1 0
130
19.13
Calculations
T h e n u m b e r 0.047 e x p r e s s e d in standard
3
form is
• a 4.7 Χ 1 0 2
• ft 4.7 Χ 1 0 3
• c 4.7 Χ Ι Ο " 2
• d 4.7 Χ 1 0 "
19.21
•
•
•
4JC -
IOJC +
13*
is
• aχ
•
•
b
c
•
d
-JC
Ix
2
If χ = 10 in Q u e s t i o n 19.14, the s u m is
•
a 10
•
•
•
b -10
c 20
d 70
2
19.16
-lOy
•
a
•
b
19.17
d
-25xyz
+ -5xy
• α 5xy
• ft - 5 x2y
2
2
19.24
•
+ Ay 2- Ay + 8 y is
2
-2y
2y 2
2
-6y
6y
•
•
•
•
IOJC Χ
χ
If
•
c 5
•
d 6
4JC
•
•
2
19.19
19.26
19.20
a
b
c
d
120y 2
- 1 2 0 y3
- 1 2 03
y
120y
2
2
- 1 2 z X -5z4 is
• α 60z 4
•
•
•
b
2
-60z
c 60z 2
d -60z
- 2Λ: - 6 = 0,
α 3
ft - 3
JC
is
If - 3 y - 10y - 2y + 3 0 = 0, y is
α -2
• ft 2
• c 5
• d -5
19.27
- 3 0 y X 4 y is2
•
•
•
•
is
• c 2
U d -2
is
a 20
6 20* 2
c 20X3
</ 20X
JC
a 3
• ft 4
19.25
If y = 10 in Q u e s t i o n 19.16, t h e s u m is
• a 100
• b -100
• c -200
• d 200
2JC X
5z 2
d -5z
If 3x + Ax = 2 8 ,
•
19.18
is
• c
•
2
• c
•
lOxy is
-60x y
• a 6
•
6;cy
•
c
-6y
• d -6jcy
-Ix
19.23
19.15
b 5z
c 4xy
d 5xy
22
19.22
19.14
20xyz -s- Axy is
• α 20z
If 6a + 10ft - 12c = 5 0 a n d a = 4 a n d ft =
5, the value of c is
• a 2
• ft - 4
•
•
19.28
c 8
d -9
R e m o v i n g t h e bracket in 4 ( 2 + JC) + JC
gives
• a 6 + 2JC
• ft 12 + JC
• c 8 + 2JC
• d 8 + 5JC
Calculations
2
19.29
R e m o v i n g the bracket in -2(y
•
a -2y
•
c -2y
•
d 2y + 2x
• ft
-2y
+ JC) gives
19.36
If 2 J C
X 5JC = 810,
+ 2x
•
a 2
-
•
•
•
ft 3
c 4
d 9
2x
- χ
131
2
JC is
2
19.30
R e m o v i n g the bracket in -x(-a
gives
• a ax + bx + cx
ax - bx - cx
• c -ax + bx + cx
• d -ax - bx - cx
+ b + c)
19.37
If V(4JC -
•
•
• ft
If 5JC - 5y = 10 a n d 2JC + 2>> = 3 6 , the values
of JC a n d y are
-2, 3
4, - 6
5, 5
10, 8
If 6JC + 4y = - 1 0 a n d 4JC
values of JC a n d y are
• a 4, 4
• ft - 5 , 5
• c 6, - 4
• d -6, 4
If 6 J C = 4 8 6 ,
•
•
a 3
ft 9
•
•
c 81
d 90
-
Sy = - 6 0 , the
19.41
JC is
3
19.35
V(*
2
y ) = 5 a n d y = 4, the value of JC
+
a
ft
c
J
3
4
5
2
I f j c + 2 0 = 84, j c i s
• a 4
• ft - 4
• c 3
• J -3
d 16
If 4ft -î- xy = 4 a n d JC = 2 a n d y = 5, the value
of ft is
•
a 6
•
•
•
ft 10
c 12
d 14
If lOz + abc = 5 a n d a = 1, c = 4 and ζ =
6, the value of ft is
• a 25
• ft 15
• c 9
• J 3
2
19.42
2
If V(0 + ft ) = 2 0 a n d a = 12, the value of
ft is
• a 10
• ft 12
• c 14
•
2
19.34
if
2
19.40
19.33
c 9
•
•
•
•
19.39
• a
• ft
• c
• d
c 5
•
is
If 2x + 3y = 18 a n d 4JC + 2y = 2 0 , t h e v a l u e s
of JC a n d y are
• a 1, 2
• ft 2, 6
• c 3, 4
• d 2, 8
19.32
•
2
19.38
19.31
19) = 9, JC is
a 2
ft 4
2
If jcy -5- tfft = 1 8 a n d JC = 4 5 , y = 4 and a
= 10, the value of ft is
• a 2
• ft 8
• c 10
• d 12
132
Calculations
6
19.43
If
(ab Χ Κ Γ ) = 5 0 and
JC -
200, the value of b is
JC
= 5 and a =
19.50
•
a 0.5
•
a
100
•
ft
1.0
•
b 250
•
c
1.5
•
c 500
•
d 2.0
•
d
1000
19.51
19.44
b 7.15%
•
c 71.5%
•
c 14 Ω
•
d 715%
•
d 15 Ω
5 % of 2 0 is
•
a 1
•
b 2
•
c
•
d 10
19.52
2
a 4 Ω
19.53
•
c
6Ω
•
d
9Ω
If in Q u e s t i o n 19.51 #
12 Ω, the value of R
•
a 10 Ω
•
b 250 m m
•
ft
14 Ω
•
c 400 m m
•
c
16 Ω
•
d 600 m m
•
d 18 Ω
•
19.54
c ±10 Ω
d ±20 Ω
A
19.55
gives a value of 5 5 0 0 Ω T h e value of the
a 3500 Ω
•
c 4500 Ω
•
d 5000 Ω
4 8 Ω and R is
rad
c all
•
d 2TT r a d
2 1 0 ° e x p r e s s e d in radians is
a u/6
rad
• ft 7TT/6 rad
resistance before the increase is
• ft 4 0 0 0 Ω
x
2 is
is
a TT/4 rad
•
•
1 0 % increase in a certain resistance
•
is 12 Ω and R is
• ft π rad
a ±1 Ω
•
x
4 5 ° e x p r e s s e d in r a d i a n s is
•
• ft ± 2 Ω
•
is
• ft 5 Ω
a 200 m m
Α 1 0 0 - Ω resistor has a tolerance spread of
and /?! = 2 0 Ω
12 Ω
If in Q u e s t i o n 19.51 R
•
± 2 % . T h e spread is
19.49
ft
3 Ω, t h e v a l u e of R
5
2 5 % of a certain length is 150 m m . T h e
2
a 10 Ω
•
•
19.48
2
+ R)
{
•
c o m p l e t e length is
19.47
+ (R
X2
= 3 0 Ω, R is
a 0.715%
•
19.46
If R = (R R )
and R
0.715 e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t a g e is
•
19.45
If l/R = 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.2, R is
19.56
A current in a circuit is m e a s u r e d as 3 0 A .
•
c 5TT/6 rad
•
d 3TT/2 r a d
5TT/3 r a d e x p r e s s e d in d e g r e e s is
•
a 200°
•
ft
250°
•
c
280°
•
d 300°
If the current is 1 0 % b e l o w r e q u i r e m e n t ,
the required current is
19.57
2TT/3 r a d e x p r e s s e d in d e g r e e s is
•
a
10°
32.33 A
•
ft
90°
•
c 33.33 A
•
c
120°
•
d 34.67 A
•
d
150°
•
•
a 31.67 A
ft
Calculations
19.58
U s i n g logarithms to the b a s e 10, 2 0 log 2 0
19.64
gives
19.59
19.60
a 20
•
b 26
•
a
10cm
•
c 28
•
b
12cm
•
d 30
•
•
c 13 c m
d 15 c m
U s i n g l o g a r i t h m s to the b a s e 10, if 301og;c
= 30, χ is
Ί
19.65
a 650
b 1000
c 1200
d 1500
a
b
c
d
19.66
Ί
In Q u e s t i o n 19.65 the angle C A B is equal
•
a 30°
•
•
b 45°
c 50°
•
d 60°
In Q u e s t i o n 19.65 the length of the side
•
•
•
•
10cm
11cm
12cm
13cm
Β
c
If in Q u e s t i o n 19.61 A B = 12 c m a n d A C =
2 0 c m , the length B C is
• a 13 c m
• b 14cm
• c 15 c m
• d 16cm
If in Q u e s t i o n 19.61 B C = 15 c m a n d A C =
25 c m , the length A B is
a
b
c
d
17 c m
18 c m
20cm
21cm
a
b
c
d
7.16cm
7.42 c m
8.66 c m
9.33 c m
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a triangle w h e r e angle
A B C = 9 0 ° a n d a n g l e A C B = 4 5 °. If A B
= 8 c m , the length B C is
• a 6 cm
• b 7cm
•
•
•
•
•
•
C
B C is
A
19.63
ρ
to
19.67
19.62
\
Β
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a triangle w h e r e the
angle A B C is a right angle. If A B = 6 c m
a n d B C = 8 c m , t h e length of A C is
•
•
•
•
A
a 1.5
b 3.5
c 7.5
d 10
In Q u e s t i o n 19.59, if 6 5 l o g * = 195, χ is
•
•
•
•
19.61
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a triangle w h e r e angle
A B C = 9 0 ° a n d angle A C B = 3 0 °. If A B
= 5 c m , the length A C is
•
•
•
•
•
133
c 8 cm
d 9cm
A
u
Β
19.68
In Q u e s t i o n 19.67 the length of side A C is
approximately
• a 11.31cm
• b 14.62 c m
• c 15.11cm
• d 15.84 c m
134
19.69
Calculations
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a triangle w h e r e angle
A B C = 9 0 ° a n d a n g l e B A C = 6 0 °. If side
A B = 12 c m , the length of side A C is
•
•
a 21 c m
b 24cm
•
•
c 25 c m
d 26cm
19.72
In Q u e s t i o n 19.71 the angle B A C is
• a 14.62°
• b 28.28°
• c 46.14°
• d 53.13°
19.73
In Q u e s t i o n 19.71 the angle A C B is
• a 36.87°
• b 45.32°
A
1
Β
19.70
19.71
•
•
C
19.74
In Q u e s t i o n 19.69 the length of side B C is
approximately
• a 16.61 c m
• b 18.32cm
• c 20.78 c m
• d 28.64 cm
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a triangle w h e r e angle
A B C = 9 0 ° . If A B = 2 1 c m a n d B C =
28 c m , the length of side A C is
• a 31 c m
•
•
•
b 35cm
c 37 c m
d 40cm
A
Β
C
c 51.16°
d 52.12°
A circle h a s a d i a m e t e r of 12 c m . T h e area
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y2
• a 102 c m 2
•
•
•
b 113cm2
c 160 c m 2
d 170 c m
2
19.75
A circle has an area of 2 4 0 m m .
radius is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 4.44 c m
•
•
•
b 5.41cm
c 6.32 c m
d 8.74 c m
The
20
20.1
Transposition of formulas
G i v e n that V = IR then I is
•
20.7
a VIR
R/V
c VR
d V + R
• ft
•
•
20.2
•
•
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 1 , R is
•
•
•
a V + I
b VI
c I/V
•
d VII
In Q u e s t i o n 20.6, if χ = 4 0 and ζ = 10, y
is
• a 2
• ft 4
20.8
c 8
J 16
If 1//? = l/R + 1/Λ , Λ is
x
2
• a R + 7?
•
c (/?, +
•
£/
G i v e n that Ρ = I R then I is
•
«
20.9
J(R/P)
•
c
#i#
2
X X2
x is
α Λ / ? / ( / ? + R)
2
2
• ft Λ Λ / ( Λ - R)
2 2
D c (R R)IRR
2
2
• d (R + R)IRR
PIR
2
20.4
In Q u e s t i2o n 2 0 . 3 , R is
• a I IP2
20.10
20.5
•
v
2 2
a J(x/z)
• ft z /2*
•
•
20.11
ft V(3)//L
c /L/3
d 3//L
If χ = j(y)z then y is
2
c JC /*
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 8 , R is
2
• a RR I(R
- R)
•
•
J(PII )
If IL = V ( 3 ) / P then 7P is
• a IL / '(3)
•
•
•
20.6
d
2
X X
• ft (/?, -
• ft VC /^)
2
•
2
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 8 , R
•
• ft J(ffi)
+ #2)
fl )/
R IR R
2
20.3
2
x
X2
• ft R R /(R\
c /?/?,/(/?, + /?)
d (R + /?)//?/?,
x
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 8 , if R = 3 Π a n d /?! = 12 Π,
/ ? is
2
• α 2Ω
• ft 3 i l
• c 4Ω
• J 8 Ω
20.12
If Λ + R
•
m = VII I is
#)
m
a V(R +
+
#m)/y
• c V/(/? + Rm)
• d V +R + R
m
136
20.13
Transposition of formulas
•
•
c II(R +
•
d I(R +
•
α
LII2e
•
ft
e/2L/
RJ
•
•
c 2LIIe
d 2L//e
m
RJ
20.22
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 1 2 , R is
•
•
•
•
20.15
(R +
a
b
c
d
(VII)
(VII)
(VI)
(VI)
- R
m
+ tf
m
- R
m
+ tf
b 2 A
c 8 A
•
d 9 A
Ω
20.23
1)A]
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 1 6 , Ν is
c e/2/ί
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 2 1 , / is
• a etl2L
20.25
c
d
LI2et
tl2eL
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 2 1 , if L = 6, / = 8 a n d e
3, t is
« 20
ft 28
•
c 32
•
d
40
If X = 2TT/L, L
+ 1
•
ft
•
c
2ir/flC
•
d
2//ΤΓ/
a (CdlxA)
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 1 6 , A is
Cdxl(N
Cd[x(W
Cdl[x(N
[x(N -
•
•
ft
C[JC(W -
20.26
- 1)
- 1)]
- 1)]
l)]ICd
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 1 6 , d is
• a C[x(N - l)]IA
•
20.20
•
• ft (jcA/G/) + 1
• c (CdlxA) - 1
• d (xAICd) - 1
• a
• ft
• c
• d
20.19
f/2e/
•
•
20.18
2etll
ft
•
•
Q c [ ( i V - 1)A]/Cd
• d Cdl[(N - \)A]
20.17
a
•
•
•
If C =
- l)A]/d, χ is
• α C [ ( # - l)A]/d
• ft Cd[(A^ -
•
• ft 2L/étf
20.24
20.16
In Q u e s t i o n 20.21 L is
• d etru
m
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 1 2 , if /? = 25 Ω, R =\5
m
a n d V = 8 0 V, / is
• α 1 A
•
•
If e = 2L//i, f is
RJ/I
a IR + R
• ft
20.14
20.21
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 1 2 , V is
20.27
c [x(N \)A]IC
d CI[x(N - 1)A]
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 1 6 , if C = 6, JC = 5, A = 10
a n d d =25, Ν is
• α 4
• ft 7
• c 8
• d 9
20.28
AV2TT/
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 2 5 , / is
•
a 2TTILX
•
ft
•
•
c 2LITTX
d
XI2nL
2TTL/X
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 2 6 , if X = 3 1 4 2 a n d / = 50,
L is
•
•
•
•
1)A]
is
α 2ττ//Χ
a
ft
c
d
10
15
25
50
If X = 1/2TT/C, C is
• α 2-πβί
•
ft
•
c
•
d Χ/2ττ/
1/2ττ/Χ
2TT//X
Transposition of formulas
20.29
In Question 2 0 . 2 8 , / is
•
•
•
•
20.37
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 3 4 , C is
• a BAIN
• b ΒΙΑΝ
• c BAN
• d ANIB
a 2TTCX
ft 2TT/CX
c CX/2TT
d \/2TTCX
137
20.30
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 2 8 , i f / = 5 0 and X = 0.002,
C is
• a 1.06
• b 1.21
• c 1.59
• d 2.68
20.38
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 3 4 , if A = 10, Ν = 1 and C
= 5, Β is
• a 10
• b 12
• c 14
• d 24
20.31
If y = χ £ , χ2 is
20.39
If v = w + 22as, u is
22
•
«
• ft
•
•
20.32
2
2
V O ^
)
In Q u e s t i o n 22 0 . 3 1 ,
• a 2^{x ly)
• ft x / y 2
•
•
• a V ( v 2+ 2as)
• ft V2( v - 2as)
• c v - 2 a s2
• J 2as + v
j(z ly)
2
c 2ylz
d z /)>
Z
IS
20.40
2 a is
In Q u e s t i o 2
n 20.39,
2
• a ( v 2- w )/2s
• ft 2 ( v -2 u )ls2
• c 2 s / ( v2 - u2)
• d 2s(v - u )
20.41
In Q u e s t i o n 22 0 . 3 9 , 2s is
• a 2al(v 2 - u2)
• ft 2 a2( v - 2 u )
2
• c ( ν 2- w )/2a
• J 2 ( v - u )la
20.42
In Q u e s t i o n 20.39, if ν = 9, a = 8 and s =
2, w is
• a 5
• ft 7
• c 9
• J 13
If A = (B - QI(D
2 )
c
^iylx
J y*
20.33
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 3 1 , if y = 4 0 0 and χ = 4, ζ
is
• α 1
• ft 2
• c 4
• d 5
20.34
If A/BC
• «
• ft
• c
• J
20.35
In Q u e s t i o n 20.34, A is
• a BCIN
• ft MZ?C
• c BNIC
• J CIBN
20.43
In Question 2 0 . 3 4 , Β is
• a CAN
• ft A M C
• c C/A7V
• d CNIA
20.44
20.36
2
= l/N9 Ν is
£C/A
A/£C
BAC
£/CA
- £), Β is
• α [(D - Q / A ] + C
• ft (AD + A £ ) / C
• c A/) + A £ + C
• d AD
-AE+C
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 4 3 , C is
• a B + AD + AE
Β -AD
-AE
• c Β -AD
+ AE
U d
B+AD-AE
• ft
138
Transposition of formulas
20.45
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 4 3 , D is
• a [(B - Q/A] + Ε
[(BQ/A] - Ε
• c [A/(B Q]+E
• d [A/(B - Q ] - Ε
20.53
In Question 2 0 . 4 3 , Ε is
• a [ ( C - B)/A] - D
• b [(B - Q/A] - D
20.54
• a 20
• ft 6 0
• c 90
• ft
20.46
•
•
20.47
•
c [(B - Q/A] + D
d [(C - B)/A] + D
20.55
if ρ λ χ v y r , = (P2 χ v 2y r 2, P , is
20.49
20.50
•
c
•
d
20.56
P T T IV V
20.57
2 0 . 4 8 , V is
x
P\P V ITJ
22 2
V T T IP P
2 X2 X 2
P V T /P T
2 2 X X2
P V T /P T
142
152
200
212
If A = (ν -
) / ί , ν is
Μ
Ai + w
• ft A + wi
2<
• c uA + t
U d At - u
20.58
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 4 8 , Γ, is
• α P i ^ ^ 2 2^
•
ft
P P T /V V
X2 2 X2
• c
P V V /P T
2
20.59
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 5 7 , t is
• « (ν + Μ)/Α
• ft (ν - ύ)ΙΑ
• c Α(ν + ύ)
U d Α(ν - u)
20.60
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 5 7 , if A = 5, u = 9 and t ••
2
•d
If ( C X 9/5) + 32 = F, C is
• a 9(F — 32)/5
• ft 5 ( F - 32)/9
c 9 / 5 ( F - 32)
d 5 / 9 ( F - 32)
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 5 7 , u is
• a At - ν
• ft Αί + ν
• c ν-Αί
Αν + ί
• ύί
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 4 8 , if P = 3 0 , P = 4 , V, =
x
2
5, V = 2 0 and Γ, = 15, T is
•
•
α
ft
c
d
X2 X 2 2
• α 6
• ft 8
• c 18
24
20.52
40
48
50
68
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 5 2 , if C = 100, F is
•
XX2 2 2
20.51
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 5 2 , if C = 2 0 , F is
•
•
•
•
P y\V^TiT
2
2
P T V IT V
2 2 X X2
2 X2 X 2
P2V2Ti/ViT2
In Q u e s t i o n
• «
•
ft
• c
• d
d 100
• α
• ft
• c
• d
a 10
b 50
c 70
• a
U b
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 5 2 , if F = 32, C is
•
• d 80
20.48
d 98
• a 0
• ft 1
• c 32
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 4 3 , if A = 5, C = 10, D = 11
and £ = 3 , the value of Β is
•
•
•
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 5 2 , if F = 194, C is
8, ν is
• a 18
• ft 2 9
• c 36
49
•d
20.61
If Ε
•
•
•
2
= J4mv2, m
a
2v /E2
ft 2E/v2
2
c
EI2v
•
20.62
20.63
d
Transposition of formulas
is
20.69
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 6 7 , Β is
•
•
ν Ι2Ε
139
a SI{SC ft
CA)
5 / ( 5 C + CA)
•
c (SC -
•
d (SC + C A ) / 5
CA)IS
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 6 1 , ν is
20.70
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 6 7 , if A = 5, Β = 1 a n d S =
•
a V(m/2£)
•
b V(2£/m)
•
c
2m/E
•
α 2
•
d
m/2E
•
ft
4
•
c
8
•
d
10
10, C is
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 6 1 , if Ε = 192 a n d m = 6, V
is
•
α 8
•
ft
10
•
c
12
•
20.64
•
20.66
20.67
•
d 24
(2 - A)/(A - 3)
c (A - 2)/(3 - A)
•
J (2 - A)/(3 - A)
20.72
•
a 0.5
•
ft
1.2
•
c
1.8
•
d 2.0
c (F + F)/A(F - P)
•
J (F + P)/(P + F)
•
«
-0.5
-1.0
•
ft
•
c 0.5
•
J
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 7 1 , A is
•
20.73
1.0
c (F - P)/(F + P)
•
d (F + P)/(F - P)
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 7 1 , F is
•
20.74
a (S -
Cis
• ft SA/(5 -
B)
•
c 5 5 / ( 5 - A)
•
d (S - A ) / £ B
20.75
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 6 7 , S is
a (C - A ) / C £
(A + D)/(AP
c (A + D ) / ( A P -
d ( A P + D P ) / ( D - A)
a (A - D ) / ( D F + A F )
ft
(A + D ) / ( D F - A F )
•
c ( D F + AF)/(A - D )
•
J ( D F - AF)/(A + D )
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 7 1 , if D = 4 0 , F = 35 a n d Ρ
= 5, A is
•
a 15
•
ft
•
c (C + A)/C£
•
c 40
•
J CA/(C - 5 )
•
d 45
(C -
DP)
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 7 1 , Ρ is
B)ICA
ft
+ DP)
+ DP)
•
•
B)/SA
« (D - A)I(AP
ft
•
•
If A = S(C - B)/C,
a D(F - P ) / ( F + P )
•
•
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 6 4 , if A = 1.0, Ν is
•
P)
•
• ft D ( F + P ) / ( F - P )
In Q u e s t i o n 2 0 . 6 4 , if A = 2 . 6 6 7 , Ν is
•
α A ( F - P ) / ( F + P)
α (A - 2)/(A - 3)
ft
•
•
20.68
If D/A = (F + P ) / ( F - Ρ ) , Z) is
• ft A ( F + P ) / ( F -
If Λ = ( 3 N + 2 ) / ( t f + 1), W i s
•
20.65
20.71
30
Appendix A
A.l
Sample test paper
In the d i a g r a m R is equal to
• a 30 Ω
• b 50 Ω
A.5
c 70 Ω
d 90 Ω
•
•
/\1.0
1
I
1
—I
1
60R
1
#
A1
.6
^
1—
V
A.7
A radio station is found on 3 6 2 m e t r e s . T h i s
is equivalent to a frequency of
• a 650 kHz
• b 720 kHz
•
•
A.3
A n r.m.s. voltage of 1000 V will h a v e a
p e a k value of
• a 1200 V
• b 1414 V
•
•
A.4
c 788 k H Z
d 828 k H z
c 1528 V
d 1614 V
A 3 : 1 step-up 2 4 0 - V r.m.s. transformer
will h a v e a p e a k to p e a k voltage across the
secondary of
• a 113 V
• b 720 V
• c 678 V
• d 2036 V
A b r i d g e rectifier uses
• a One diode
• b T w o diodes
c T h r e e diodes
d Four diodes
•
•
A
100
A.2
b 50Hz
c 75 Hz
d 100 H z
•
•
•
6QR
J
T h e ripple voltage p r o d u c e d by a 5 0 - H z
h a l f - w a v e p o w e r supply unit h a s a freq u e n c y of
• a 25Hz
O n e cycle of a 5 0 0 - H z sine w a v e has a
duration of
• a 2 μ8
• b 200 ms
c 2 ms
d 5 ms
•
•
A.8
A zener d i o d e is used in a p o w e r supply
unit to
•
•
•
•
A.9
a
b
c
d
R e d u c e noise
R e d u c e the voltage ripple
R e g u l a t e the output voltage
D o u b l e the output voltage
In the d i a g r a m R is
• a 3R
• b 30R
• c 12R
• d 300R
18R
Η
/\250
25R
Η Ι Ζ Ζ Ή
mA
io y
Ρ
h
Appendix A
A.10
A 1 0 : 1 s t e p - d o w n m a i n s transformer will
A.16
h a v e a p e a k voltage o n the s e c o n d a r y of
•
a 17 V
• ft 3 4 V
A . 11
•
c 51 V
•
d 68 V
Α 2 2 0 0 - Ω resistor will h a v e a c o l o u r c o d e
of
•
a R e d b l a c k red
• ft B r o w n red red
• c R e d red red
• d B l a c k red o r a n g e
A.12
A 1-kW fire h a s a fused m a i n s plug. T h e
correct fuse rating is
• a 3 A
• ft 5 A
•
•
A . 13
A.18
c
IV^/TÏ
•
d
Vp/2
1 s
10 s
12 s
24 s
•
•
a 2R
ft 6 R
•
•
c 8R
d 12R
A filter unit in a p o w e r supply is
• a L o w pass
• ft H i g h p a s s
c Band pass
d B a n d stop
A.19
A n I F amplifier in an A M receiver h a n d l e s
frequencies a r o u n d
• a 20 kHz
• ft 4 7 0 k H z
• c 10.7 M H z
• d 37.5 M H z
A.20
R a d i o w a v e s travel at a1 s p e e d of
• a 1000000 ms"1
In a h a l f - w a v e rectifier the a v e r a g e value of
the voltage is
• a
Vçlliï
• ft Vp/ττ
•
a
ft
c
d
T h r e e resistors of 14R, 2 8 R and 5 6 R are
c o n n e c t e d in parallel. T h e c o m b i n e d resista n c e is
•
•
c 1 A
d 13 A
141
T h e t i m e c o n s t a n t t (in seconds) for a
capacitor a n d a resistor is equal to C
(farads) X R ( o h m s ) . W h a t will the t i m e
constant of 4 μ Ρ a n d 3 Μ Ω b e ?
•
•
•
•
A.17
Sample test paper
1
1
c 100000000 ms"
• ft 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 m s "
A.14
All a p p l i a n c e flexes b e a r the m o d e r n c o l o u r
c o d i n g w h e r e the live w i r e is c o l o u r e d
•
•
•
•
α
ft
c
d
Red
Blue
Brown
Green
•
•
A.21
T h e p r i m a r y colours u s e d in television are
• a Red green yellow
• ft G r e e n b l u e y e l l o w
• c Red green blue
•
A.15
A resistor h a s the following c o l o u r c o d e :
first c o l o u r b l u e , s e c o n d c o l o u r grey, third
c o l o u r red. T h e value is
• a 560R
• ft 4 7 0 0 R
• c 6800R
• d 8200R
A.22
d 300000000 ms"
d Red blue white
A r a d i o w a v e has a frequency of 100 M H z .
T h e w a v e l e n g t h is
• a 3 m
• ft 3 0 m
•
•
c 100 m
d 33 m
142
A.23
Appendix A
A d e v i c e w h i c h will convert D C p o w e r to
A C p o w e r is
• a A frequency c h a n g e r
• b A demodulator
• c A rectifier
•
A.24
A.28
d A n oscillator
Given
750 Hz,
• a
• b
• c
•
T h e p e a k to p e a k value of a 2 4 0 V A C
voltage is
•
120 V
•
•
•
A.25
Sample test paper
A.29
b 340 V
c 480 V
d 680 V
T h e current in the a m m e t e r in the d i a g r a m
is
•
•
a 0.1 A
b 0.2 A
•
•
c 0.3 A
d 1.0 A
A.30
30R
•
I — ^ — I
d 3750 Hz
α 2 0 kbH z to 5 0 k H z
100 ck H z to 2 5 0 k H z
5 0 0 k H z to 1.5 M H z
à 1.5 M H z to 2.5 M H z
W h e n a carrier of frequency f is m o d u l a t e d
c
b y a sinusoidal v o l t a g e of frequency / , the
m
following are p r o d u c e d :
• a O n e frequency (f )
•
•
r
at
T h e m e d i u m A M w a v e b a n d extends from
•
a
a non-sinusoidal w a v e f o r m
the fourth h a r m o n i c is
1500 H z
2150 Hz
3000 Hz
c
b T w o frequencies (f a n d (f + / ))
c
c
m
c T h r e e frequencies (f , (f + / )
c c
m
and(f -/ ))
c m
d F o u r frequencies (f , 2 / , (f
)
c c c +/m
a n d (f
-f ))
c
m
3QR
A.31
L
A.26
A.27
9 Ν
ι
F o r m a i n s operation a 3 - k W radiator should
b e fitted with a
• a 3-A fuse
• b 5-A fuse
• c 7-A fuse
• d 13-A fuse
Toxic fumes are
• a A l w a y s visible
• b Non-poisonous
• c Healthy
• d Poisonous
If a 1-MHz carrier is a m p l i t u d e m o d u l a t e d
with a m o d u l a t i n g voltage of frequency
10 k H z , the l o w e r sideband will b e at a
frequency of
•
•
•
•
A.32
a
b
c
d
999000
990000
998000
980000
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
In frequency m o d u l a t i o n the m a x i m u m
variation of the carrier frequency is
7 5 0 0 0 H z . If a m o d u l a t i n g frequency of
15 0 0 0 H z is considered, the m o d u l a t i o n
i n d e x is
• a 5
• b 10
•
c 15
• d 25
Appendix A
A.33
In the circuit s h o w n , V is
•
A.38
a 60 V
x is
a 10 Ω
• ft 2 5 Ω
•
c 100 V
•
c 50 Ω
•
d 240 V
•
d 100 Ω
1 0 0R
1 2R
'
'
R3 6
RL
R
50
1
/y \\
143
In the circuit s h o w n , R
•
• ft 8 0 V
Sample test paper
P2S. A
A
5
/ \
Η
\
4A
V
2 0 0V
A.34
A.35
A.36
In B B C television the s y s t e m of m o d u l a tion for t h e vision signal is
•
a Frequency
•
•
•
ft A m p l i t u d e
c P u l s e duration
d Phase
G i v e n that an amplifier has a voltage gain
of 3 0 a n d a p o w e r gain of 4 5 0 , the current
gain is
• a 10
•
ft
•
•
c 30
d 45
A.39
•
•
A.40
M a g e n t a is a m i x t u r e of
• a R e d a n d green
• ft R e d a n d blue
• c B l u e and green
• d B l u e and w h i t e
A n output is o b t a i n e d from a four-input
A N D gate w h e n
a A signal is a p p l i e d to all four
inputs
• ft A signal is applied to three inputs
•
•
A.41
c A signal is applied to o n e input
d T h e r e is n o signal applied to any
input
T h e binary n u m b e r 110110 represents in
decimal
• a 36
• ft 5 4
•
•
A.42
A.37
c 500 kHz
d 1000 H z
•
15
T h r e e resistors of 2 5 ÎÎ, 5 0 Ω and 2 5 0 Ω are
placed in parallel. T h e c o m b i n e d resistance
is
• a 10.6
• ft 12.8
• c 15.6
• d 18.4
In a d e m o d u l a t o r in a typical superhet
b r o a d c a s t receiver ( m e d i u m and long
w a v e ) the frequency of the input will b e
approximately
• a 10 M H z
• ft 10 k H z
c 56
d 62
T h e frequency of the line t i m e b a s e in a
625-line television receiver is
• a 50Hz
• ft 6 2 5 H z
• c 15 6 2 5 H z
• d 5.5 M H z
144
A.43
Appendix A
Sample test paper
In the d i a g r a m the voltage d r o p across the
10 Ω is
•
•
•
a 1.5 V
b 2 V
c 2.5 V
•
d 5 V
8R
10R
Ή
A.48
14R
12
A.46
•
•
a C a r b o n dioxide
b Alcohol
•
•
c Foam
d Dry powder
V
T h e typical frequency of a bias oscillator in
a m a g n e t i c tape recorder is
•
•
a 200 Hz
b 4500 Hz
•
•
c 2 0 0 0 0 Hz
d 45 000 Hz
A w a v e l e n g t h of 3 m is equivalent to a
frequency of
•
•
•
•
A.45
W h i c h of the following is not suitable in
dealing with a f l a m m a b l e liquid fire?
12R
hC
4R
A.44
A.47
a
b
c
d
100
300
300
100
kHz
kHz
MHz
MHz
A.49
A c o m p l e t e cycle of a w a v e f o r m
20
T h e frequency is
• a 50 kHz
• b 500 Hz
•
c 20 M H z
•
d 20 kHz
takes
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
1.5 W
5 W
4.5 W
12 W
Rl
r
2R
3R
CZZ>CZZHZZZ}
1 2R
I
•
A.50
In the d i a g r a m the p o w e r dissipated in R
3
is
R
15
V2 4
1
R
45
I
In principle all amplifiers are essentially
• a C u r r e n t amplifiers
• b Inverting amplifiers
• c P o w e r amplifiers
d N o n - i n v e r t i n g amplifiers
D e c i m a l 15 p l u s d e c i m a l 16 in binary is
•
•
•
a 10001
b 11000
c 11011
•
d 11111
Appendix Β
B.l
Sample test paper
G i v e n a w a v e f o r m of frequency 7 5 0 k H z ,
the time for o n e c y c l e is
• a 1.33 μ,ϊ
• b 2.66 m s
• c 7 5 . 0 μ$
• d 75.0 ms
B.2
B.5
A transducer is
• a A d e v i c e to c o n v e r t a signal, e.g.
•
•
•
m e c h a n i c a l to electrical
b A special transformer
c A transistor
d A special r a d i o receiver
12 + 18 + 2 0 in binary is
a 110010
b 101100
c 111011
d 110000
•
•
•
•
B.3
B.6
G i v e n the truth table s h o w n , w h e r e A a n d Β
are the inputs and Q the output, the gate is
the
•
•
•
•
B.4
a
b
c
d
OR
NOR
AND
NAND
A
Β
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
T h e b o d y of a p o r t a b l e c a r b o n dioxide fire
e x t i n g u i s h e r is n o r m a l l y p a i n t e d
• a Pink
• b White
•
•
c Blue
d Black
Q
B.7
In the circuit s h o w n , R is
x
• a 4R
• b 6R
• c 12R
• d 24R
In frequency m o d u l a t i o n , given that the
m o d u l a t i o n index is 5, the n u m b e r of
significant s i d e b a n d s is
• a 5
•
b 10
•
•
c 16
d 28
12R
4R
7 / \
I
I
'
'
I
f — ι
I
12R
B.8
1
5A
100V
I
T h e input p o w e r to an amplifier is 2 0 m W .
G i v e n that the gain is 5 0 , the output p o w e r
is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
1000 m W
4 mW
1 W
1000 W
146
B.9
Appendix Β
Sample test paper
In the circuit s h o w n , the input current is
• a 8.2 A
•
•
•
B.13
ft 10.8 A
c 12.6 A
d 14.2 A
H
H
30R
h rl
30R
H 4
12R
h
6R
12R
H
V
a
ft
c
d
123
135
141
147
B.15
A v i d e o amplifier u s e d in a T V receiver can
deal with frequencies in the r a n g e of
• a 0 H z to 3 0 M H z
• ft O H z t o 5 0 0 M H z
• c O H z t o 5.5 M H z
• d O H z t o 897 M H z
B.16
A buffer amplifier is u s e d to
• a Provide a mismatch
LAMP
•N
\
h
B i n a r y 10010011 in d e c i m a l is
•
•
•
•
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w n performs the function
of
• a A n A N D gate
44R
H
240
V
b A N A N D gate
c A n O R gate
d A N O R gate
24R
H
H
B.14
•
•
•
c 216 W
d 440 W
•
•
240
B.10
In the d i a g r a m the p o w e r dissipated in the
2 4 R resistor is
• a 24 W
• ft 8 0 W
\
• ft Isolate o n e circuit from another
• c C o m p a r e t w o voltages
•
B.ll
B.12
R a d i o 4 is on a w a v e l e n g t h of 1500 m . T h i s
is equivalent to a frequency in kilohertz
of
• a 200
• b 750
• c 100
• d 150
In the electromagnetic s p e c t r u m the infrared lies b e t w e e n
• a Ultraviolet and visible light
• b Visible light and heat
• c H e a t a n d radio w a v e s
• d X - r a y s a n d ultraviolet
d S m o o t h ripple in a p o w e r supply
B.17
A differential amplifier is normally used
for
• a C o m p a r i n g the a m p l i t u d e of o n e
signal with another
• ft B l o c k i n g a particular frequency
• c P r o d u c i n g sawtooth w a v e f o r m s
• d G e n e r a t i n g square w a v e s
B.18
A bistable oscillator is basically capable
of
• a M u l t i p l y i n g b y 2 only
• ft M u l t i p l y i n g b y e v e n n u m b e r s
• c M u l t i p l y i n g by o d d n u m b e r s
• d D i v i d i n g b y a factor of 2
Appendix Β
B.19
T h e t i m e constant of a 10-pF capacitor in
B.23
series with a 1 0 - Μ Ω resistor is
•
a 100 s
•
ft
•
c 100
•
d 1 s
100 m s
• a 25.5 Ω
• ft 3 9 2 Ω
\LS
T h e voltage d r o p across the 5 0 - Ω resistor in
the d i a g r a m is
•
•
•
•
20R
30R
B.22
If the voltage d r o p across a resistor is
0.25 V a n d the current t h r o u g h it 10 m A ,
the p o w e r dissipated in it will b e
Η
B.25
50R
10R
_300
c 82 Ω
d 100 Ω
• a 2.5 W
• ft 25 m W
• c 250 m W
• d 2.5 m W
40R
\-r—Ή
B.21
B.24
50 V
100 V
150 V
250 V
a
b
c
d
T h e v a l u e of the resistor in Q u e s t i o n B . 2 4
is
• a 25 Ω
• ft 2 5 0 Ω
• c 2.5 Ω
• d 0.25 Ω
V_
G i v e n that the r e a c t a n c e of a capacitor is
l / 2 i r / C Ω w h e r e C is in farads a n d / is in
hertz, the r e a c t a n c e of a 1 0 0 0 - μ Ρ at 5 0 H z
in o h m s is
B.26
D e n a r y 2 4 in binary is
• a 11000
• ft 11010
•
a 3.18
• c
•
•
b 62.8
c 100
•
•
d 311
B.27
In the circuit s h o w n
•
•
•
•
u
I—
B.28
4R
8R
H
1
11011
d 11111
If the fourth ring o n a resistor is c o l o u r e d
red, the tolerance is
• a ±1%
• ft ± 5 %
• c ±2%
• d ±8%
R equals
a IR
ft 1.5R
c 2.0R
2.5R
1
In the d i a g r a m the v a l u e of R is
2
• a 20R
• ft 2 2 R
• c
— ι
•
25R
d 30R
6R
I
— — I
3R
1
I
147
G i v e n that the r e a c t a n c e of an inductor is
given b y 2TT/L Ω w h e r e / is in hertz and L
is in h e n r y s , the r e a c t a n c e of a 2 5 0 - m H
c h o k e at 2 5 0 H z will b e
•
•
B.20
Sample test paper
RI
3R
Η
Rin
Η
1
I
/ \ 4A
I
15R
H
180V
R2
h
I
148
B.29
B.30
Appendix Β
Sample test paper
If a sine w a v e has a p e a k value of 3 0 V, the
r.m.s. value is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
B.34
120 W. T h e current c o n s u m e d is
•
•
a 18.3 V
b 20.4 V
•
a 0.1 A
•
b 0.3 A
•
c 21.2 V
•
c 0.4 A
•
d 25.3 V
•
d 0.5 A
In the d i a g r a m the frequency of the w a v e form is
•
•
•
•
B.35
a 2Hz
b 5 Hz
c 10Hz
d 20 Hz
B.36
°
0,1
0,2
0.3
0.4|
T >| s)n e
2
If x
•
•
•
U
B.32
T h e c h a r g e on a capacitor is m e a s u r e d in
•
•
•
a Watts
b Joules
c Coulombs
•
d Ohms
Denary
• a
• b
• c
•
-V
B.31
A n electronic device is rated at 2 4 0
B.37
+ 4 = 8 5 , the value of χ is
a
b
c
d
6
1
8
9
In the d i a g r a m the value of R is
• a 20R
• b 24R
•
•
B.38
c 30R
d 32R
33 e x p r e s s e d in binary is
100000
100001
101010
101110
d
A ± 5 % resistor will h a v e a tolerance b a n d
coloured
• a Brown
•
b Red
•
•
c Gold
d Silver
In the d i a g r a m the current / is
• a 2 mA
• b 20 m A
•
•
c 2 A
d 20 A
40R
100R
Η
120R
7
f
I
B.33
/?
I
A radio station h a s a frequency of 3 0 0 k H z .
T h e w a v e l e n g t h is
• a 1000 m
•
•
•
b 1500 m
c 3000 m
d 4500 m
B.39
150R
Ή
h
5 V
I
If a sine w a v e has a p e a k to p e a k value of
100 V, the r.m.s. value is
• a 35.36 V
• b 50.24 V
• c 70.72 V
• d 80.36 V
Appendix Β
B.40
In the d i a g r a m the w a v e l e n g t h is
B.45
a 150 m
•
•
a Farads
•
c 400 m
•
d 800 m
•
•
b Joules
c Coulombs
•
d Volts
0
B.46
1
0.5
1.0
>
1.5
D e n a r y 24.5 e x p r e s s e d in binary is
• a 10110.0
•
•
•
Tine
<μ5)
149
T h e e n e r g y stored in a capacitor is m e a s u r e d in
• ft 3 0 0 m
+v
Sample test paper
b 10101.1
c 11000.1
d 11101.0
2
B.41
If y
•
•
•
•
B.42
+ 9=
a
b
c
d
B.47
106 + 3 , y is
20
40
30
10
•
•
•
•
In the d i a g r a m the value of R is
x
• a 40R
• b 50R
• c 70R
•
A four-band resistor h a s the colour b a n d s
red, red, o r a n g e , silver. T h e value is
B.48
d 80R
a
b
c
J
220 Ω ± 5 %
2 2 kil ± 2 %
22 kil ± 1 0 %
2 2 0 kil ± 2%
In the d i a g r a m the value of R
•
•
•
a 50R
b 100R
c 150R
•
J
2 is
200R
Rl
Rl
I
r~~l
I
B.43
B.44
3 OR
A w a v e l e n g t h of
frequency of
• a 100000
• b 150000
• c 250000
• d 300000
R=21
R2
I—
CZ=r—
I
3 0 0 0 m is equivalent to a
c 5.0 V
d 7.5 V
I
R=50_
I
J~~]
I
B.49
A w a v e f o r m has an r.m.s. value of 28.28 V.
T h e p e a k value is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 36 V
• ft 4 0 V
• c 50V
• d 70 V
B.50
If 10 c y c l e s of a sinusoidal voltage o c c u r in
0.1 s, the frequency is
• a 100 H z
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
Α 1 5 0 - Ω resistor c o n s u m e s a current of
5 0 m A . T h e applied voltage is
• a 1.5 V
• ft 2.0 V
•
•
iOOR
j—
1
RH
•
•
•
ft 110 H z
c 200 Hz
d 500 Hz
Appendix C
Sample test paper
3
C.l
If J C = 2 7 , χ is
•
•
•
•
C.2
a
ft
c
d
C.6
0
1
2
3
•
•
•
•
In the d i a g r a m the value of I
• a 0.1 A
• ft 0.6 A
•
•
Il
C.7
SH
15R
25R
r—ι
1—
a
ft
c
d
122
128
132
140
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
1
C8
In the d i a g r a m the current / is
• a 3 A
• ft 6 A
•
•
W a v e l e n g t h is m e a s u r e d in
a
ft
c
d
Α 1 2 0 - Ω resistor h a s a tolerance ring
c o l o u r e d silver. T h e u p p e r limit of the
resistance is
•
•
•
•
isnv
•
•
•
•
a 1010110
b 1100010
c 1100100
d 1110100
x is
c 1.0 A
d 10 A
pH
C.3
D e n a r y 100 e x p r e s s e d in binary is
Newtons
Ohms
Metres
Hertz
c 8 A
d 9 A
60R
1
1
I
GR
1
C.4
A resistor c o n s u m e s 6 0 W from a 2 4 0 - V
supply. T h e resistance value is
• a 240
• ft 4 8 0
• c 800
• d 960
4QR
R
R
R
R
180
C.9
C.5
T h e SI unit of force is the
• a Kilogram
• ft N e w t o n
• c Joule
• d Weber
*~
V
A sine w a v e has an r.m.s. value of 4 0 V.
T h e p e a k to p e a k value is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 108 V
• ft 110 V
• c 113 V
• d 226 V
Appendix C
C.10
A frequency of 3 0 0 M H z h a s a w a v e l e n g t h
C.16
of
C.12
If
•
ft
30m
•
•
c 14.2 W
d 24.4 W
ft
d 100 m
•
C.ll
10 m
•
u c
χ
2
a 10.4 W
a 1 m
+
χ -
3JC -
15 = 0,
JC
C.17
is
-3
•
a
•
•
•
ft 3
c 5
d -5
•
•
C.18
c 480 mA
d 800 m A
C.19
R2
8 0R
I— "
R3
R
4 8V
C.13
In Q u e s t i o n
• a 1.1
• ft 1.2
• c 1.4
•
C.14
B
,
C . 1 2 the current in R is
3
A
A
A
d 1.6 A
In Q u e s t i o n C . 1 2 the current / is
Ωα
1.0 A
• ft 1.2 A
• c 2 A
• d 4 A
• a 51.2
• ft 80.4
• c 88.8
• d 96.2
•
•
a 1001
ft 1010
•
•
c 1100
d 1101
In Q u e s t i o n C.18 the a n s w e r in denary is
• a 12
• ft 13
• c 24
d 33
A resistor R that h a s n o tolerance b a n d has
a v a l u e of
• a R ± 2%
•
ft
± 5%
•
•
C.21
W
W
W
W
B i n a r y 110 a d d e d to binary 111 is
•
C.20
12.8 W
In Q u e s t i o n C . 1 2 the p o w e r c o n s u m e d b y
R is
3
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a series-parallel circuit.
T h e current in R is
2
•
A 40 mA
• ft 4 0 0 m A
c /? ± 1 0 %
d R ± 20%
In the d i a g r a m with the switch S I open, the
input current is
• a 1.5
• ft 2.0
• c 4.4
• d 8.0
A
A
A
A
Rl
C.15
In Q u e s t i o n C. 12 the total p o w e r c o n s u m e d
by the circuit is
• a 24 W
• ft 4 8 W
•
•
c 60 W
d 96 W
151
In Q u e s t i o n C . 1 2 the p o w e r c o n s u m e d b y
R is
•
•
Sample test paper
ι—I
3
R
h
3—τ—I
2 4R
R 12
R2
'
8R
'
3 6V
^
152
C.22
Appendix C
Sample test paper
In Question C.21 with the switch o p e n the
input p o w e r is
C.28
• a 1.2 μ¥
• ft 2.4 μ¥
• a 36 W
• ft 4 8 W
•
•
C.23
•
•
c 72 W
d 88 W
c 10 μ¥
d 2 4 μ¥
a
ft
c
d
0.5
1.5
2.5
4.5
x
ft
•
•
c 2 A
d 3 A
C.29
T h e SI unit for m a s s is the
• a Gram
• ft K e l v i n
• c Kilogram
• d Metre
1 A
C.30
If the capacitors in Q u e s t i o n C.28 are
c o n n e c t e d in parallel, the c o m b i n e d capacitance is
U α
U b
C.25
C.26
A t e m p e r a t u r e of 7 5 °C
degrees F a h r e n h e i t is
•
•
a 100 °F
ft 110 °F
•
•
c 135 °F
d 167 °F
expressed
•
•
in
T h e m a x i m u m current w h i c h m a y b e taken
b y a 4 - Ω 100-W resistor is
• a 2 A
• ft 5 A
• c 8 A
• d 9 A
C.31
C.32
T h e unit of i n d u c t a n c e is the
• a Weber
• ft F a r a d
• c Henry
• d Tesla
Αμ¥
6μ¥
c 8 μ¥
d 10 μ¥
T h e SI unit for length is the
• a Yard
•
•
•
ft M e t r e
c Inch
d Kilometre
A t e m p e r a t u r e of 122°F
degrees centigrade is
• a
• ft
• c
• d
C.33
C.27
μΓ
Il—ι
r
A
A
A
A
In Q u e s t i o n C.21 with the switch c l o s e d the
current in R is
3
• α OA
•
4
6 μΓ
r—HI
In Q u e s t i o n C.21 with the switch closed the
current in R is
•
•
•
•
C.24
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s t w o capacitors connected in series. T h e value of C is
32
42
50
82
in
°C
°C
°C
°C
The
temperature
in
e x p r e s s e d in kelvins is
• a 273
• ft 3 0 0
• c 305
• d 323
expressed
Κ
Κ
Κ
Κ
Question
C.32
Appendix C
C.39
T h e unit of c a p a c i t a n c e is the
C.35
•
a 20
•
ft
Farad
•
b 200
•
c Henry
•
c 2000
•
d Ampere
•
d 20000
•
•
C.36
ft
•
•
c 26 μ Ρ
d 48 μ Ρ
•
•
C.41
12 μ Ρ
C.42
2 2 uF
C
If in Q u e s t i o n C . 3 6 C is increased
2
38 μ¥, the value of C then b e c o m e s
•
•
\3
Ω
C.38
•
a Silver
•
ft
•
•
c Iron
d Polythene
4 uF
I
is a g o o d
Copper
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a circuit u n d e r test.
M e t e r M l is m e a s u r i n g the
•
a Inductance
•
•
•
ft Wattage
c Current
d Voltage
Rl
R2
I
C.43
In Q u e s t i o n C.42 m e t e r M 2 m e a s u r e s the
• a Voltage
• ft C u r r e n t
• c Wattage
• d Impedance
C.44
If in Q u e s t i o n C.42 V = 120 V, ^ = 4 0 0 Ω
a n d R = 600 Ω, m e t e r M l m u s t b e set to
2
the
a 2 μ¥
b
9μ¥
c 29 μ¥
d
40μ¥
CI
c Area
d Age
W h i c h o n e of the following
insulator?
a 8 μΡ
ft 10 μ Ρ
c 60 μ¥
d
Ί2μ¥
r-HI
a Length
to
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s three capacitors c o n nected in series. T h e c o m b i n e d c a p a c i t a n c e
Cis
•
Ω
Ω
Ω
μν
• ft T y p e of material
In the d i a g r a m C is equal to
Ω a 9 μ¥
•
μν
T h e resistance of a c o n d u c t o r is inversely
proportional to the
•
c Ohm
d Volt
C2
C.37
μν
μν
a Ohm
C.40
153
0.02 V e x p r e s s e d in m i c r o v o l t s is
•
T h e unit of i m p e d a n c e is the
• a Watt
• ft W e b e r
Sample test paper
2C
Il
5Fu
C
3C
I H
2 0Fu
I
•
•
•
•
a
ft
c
d
1.0-mA r a n g e
10-mA range
100-mA range
1.0-A r a n g e
154
C.45
Appendix C
Sample test paper
In Question C.44
be
• a 48 V
• ft 60 V
• c 72 V
• d 80 V
the r e a d i n g in M2
would
C.48
•
C.50
470
μν
expressed in millivolts is
• a 0.047 m V
• ft 0.47 m V
• c 4.7 m V
• d 47 m V
F o u r 1000-Ω resistors are c o n n e c t e d
parallel. T h e c o m b i n e d resistance is
in
• a 250 Ω
• ft 1000 Ω
• c 2000 Ω
• d 4000 Ω
4.5 m V expressed in volts is
• a 0.45 V
• ft 0.045 V
• c 0.0045 V
• d 0.00045 V
C.47
a 1 V
• ft 70 V
• c 700 V
• d 7000 V
C.49
C.46
0.7 k V e x p r e s s e d in volts is
T h r e e resistors h a v i n g values of 40 Ω, 50 Ω
a n d 200 Ω are c o n n e c t e d in parallel. T h e
c o m b i n e d resistance is
• a 10 Ω
• ft 20 Ω
• c 25 Ω
• d 30 Ω
Appendix D
D.l
If 2x
•
•
•
•
D.2
5x = 7 7 , χ is
10
11
12
If in the circuit s h o w n in Q u e s t i o n D . 3 both
resistors h a d values of 3 0 Ω, the total
current supplied by the battery w o u l d b e
• a 1.67 A
• b 2.67 A
• c 5.33 A
• d 6.67 A
D.6
T h e d e n a r y n u m b e r 8 e x p r e s s e d in b a s e 4
is
b 10
c -10
d -40
In the d i a g r a m the total current supplied by
the battery is
• a 2.5 A
• b 5.0 A
• c 7.5 A
• d 8.5 A
~ Z T~
1 0 0V
Rl
6R0
τ
D.4
D.5
d 13
If y + 3y - 4 0 = 0, y is
• a 0
•
•
•
D.3
+
a
b
c
Sample test paper
R2
3R0
a 12
b 20
c 22
•
d 31
D.7
T h e d e n a r y n u m b e r 8 e x p r e s s e d in b a s e 3
is
• a 16
• b 20
• c 21
• d 22
D.8
T h e d e n a r y n u m b e r 8 e x p r e s s e d in b a s e 2
is
V
If in Q u e s t i o n D . 3 the resistor R
2 is
r e m o v e d from the circuit, the current supplied b y the battery is t h e n
• a 1.11 A
• b 1.24 A
• c 1.67 A
• d 2.67 A
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
D.9
a
b
c
d
1000
1010
1011
1111
Α 0 . 0 1 - μ Ρ c a p a c i t a n c e e x p r e s s e d in n a n o farads is
• a 10 n F
• b 100 n F
• c 1000 n F
• d 10000 nF
156
D.10
Appendix D
A 0 . 0 2 4 - H i n d u c t a n c e e x p r e s s e d in millih e n r y s is
a 10100
b 10101
•
c 24 m H
•
d 240 m H
•
•
c 10110
d 10111
A 0 . 1 5 - m H i n d u c t a n c e e x p r e s s e d in m i c r o h e n r y s is
a
b
c
d
D.17
•
•
a An OR
b ANAND
•
•
c A NOR
d A NOT
D.18
I
—
•
•
a 22
b 23
•
•
c 24
d 32
T h e denary n u m b e r 2 0 e x p r e s s e d in b a s e 6
is
a
b
c
d
32
34
42
44
T h e denary n u m b e r 2 0 e x p r e s s e d in b a s e 4
is
• a 101
• b 102
•
•
c 103
d 110
d 0.915 rad
Ο
D.19
5ir/6
•
•
•
•
T h e denary n u m b e r 2 0 e x p r e s s e d in b a s e 8
is
•
•
•
•
A n angle of 4 5 ° e x p r e s s e d in radians is
• a 0.625 r a d
• b 0.785 rad
• c 0.825 rad
•
1
D.15
b A diode
c A transistor
d A n amplifier
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a gate w h i c h is
Β — I
D.14
as a
The diagram shows
• a A transformer
•
•
•
0.015 μ Η
1.5 μ Η
15 μ Η
150 μ Η
A
D.13
T h e denary n u m b e r 2 0 expressed
binary n u m b e r is
•
•
•
•
•
•
D.12
D.16
a 0.24 m H
b 2.4 m H
•
•
D.ll
Sample test paper
D.20
d
180°
T h e SI unit of t i m e is the
• a Second
•
•
•
D.21
radians e x p r e s s e d in degrees is
a 100°
b 120°
c 150°
b Minute
c Hour
d Day
In the d i a g r a m the value of / is
• a 2 μΑ
• b 20 μ Α
• c 2 mA
• d 20 m A
2R
JL
Rl
6 0R0
2 0R0
y
Appendix D
D.22
In Q u e s t i o n D . 2 1 the p o w e r dissipated in
D.28
/?! is
•
a 200 m W
D.23
•
d 240
μ\¥
μ\¥
•
•
a 8 0 μ\ν
b 100 μ\¥
•
c 80 m W
•
d 200 m W
If in Q u e s t i o n D . 2 7 a 1 6 0 - Ω resistor is
c o n n e c t e d b e t w e e n A a n d B , the current
flowing is
•
•
In Q u e s t i o n D . 2 1 the p o w e r dissipated in
R is
2
D.24
c 200
D.29
c 50 m A
d 80 m A
In the d i a g r a m the voltage b e t w e e n points
A a n d Β is
•
•
a 0 V
ft 12 V
•
•
c 24 V
d 36 V
0.03 s e x p r e s s e d in m i l l i s e c o n d s is
• a 0.3 m s
• ft 3 m s
•
•
D.25
c 30 ms
d 300 ms
•
•
a 0.016 μ 8
ft 1.6 μ 8
•
•
c 16 μ 8
d 160 μ 8
D.27
•
•
ft 0.25
c 2.5
•
d 25
8
A
V
R
8
a
ft
c
d
0 V
12 V
18 V
24 V
D.31
A 0.2-μΡ capacitor is c o n n e c t e d to a 2 5 0 - V
supply. T h e c h a r g e o n the plates is
• a 5 0 μΟ
• ft 5 0 0 μΟ
• c 50 m C
• d 500 m C
D.32
In Q u e s t i o n D . 3 1 the e n e r g y stored in the
capacitor is
• a 4.22 μΐ
c 16 V
d 24 V
5 V
V
If in Q u e s t i o n D . 2 9 o n e battery is r e m o v e d ,
the voltage b e t w e e n A a n d Β is then
•
•
•
•
In the d i a g r a m the voltage b e t w e e n points
A a n d Β is
•
flOV
• ft 8 V
•
•
12
A Β
2 5 0 μ 8 e x p r e s s e d in milliseconds is
a 0.025
V
12 V
1,
0.16 m s e x p r e s s e d in m i c r o s e c o n d s is
•
12
H > -
D.30
D.26
157
• a 10 m A
• ft 2 0 m A
• ft 2 4 0 m W
•
Sample test paper
• ft 5.25 μΐ
• c 6.25 m J
• d 8.36 m J
158
Appendix D
2
D.33
40 -40
=
D.39
a 0.025
•
ft
0.2
•
a 10 Ω
•
c 20
•
ft
•
d 40
•
c 12 Ω
•
d 13 Ω
and Β is
4
Χ χ-
χ
•
a χ
•
b
•
C
•
d 1
11 Ω
c
A
=
ι
1
8
r]l7R
15rM
JC
M13R
- X
Β.
D.40
D.35
In the d i a g r a m the resistance b e t w e e n A
•
4
D.34
Sample test paper
3
•
b 0.02 μ Ρ
•
c 0.32 μ Ρ
d 0.82 μ Ρ
If in the circuit s h o w n in Q u e s t i o n D . 3 9 a
•
μ¥
•
D
D , the resistance b e t w e e n A and Β is then
series. T h e c o m b i n e d c a p a c i t a n c e is
a 0.01
Τ
4 0 - Ω resistor is c o n n e c t e d b e t w e e n C and
F o u r 0 . 0 8 - μ ¥ capacitors are c o n n e c t e d in
•
1
D.41
a 2 Ω
•
b 4 Ω
•
c 6 Ω
•
ί/ 8 Ω
If in the circuit s h o w n in Question D . 3 9 a
short circuit is placed b e t w e e n points C and
D.36
If in Q u e s t i o n
D.35
the capacitors
D , the resistance b e t w e e n A and Β is then
are
•
c o n n e c t e d in parallel, the c o m b i n e d c a p a c i tance is
•
a 0.01 μ Ρ
•
b 0.02 μ Ρ
•
c 0.32 μ Ρ
•
d 0.82 μ Ρ
D.42
0Ω
α
•
15 Ω
•
c 30 Ω
•
d 45 Ω
256° =
•
a 0
• fc 1
•
2
D.37
D.38
If 5x
= 80, χ is
•
a 2
•
b 3
•
c 4
•
J 5
A 6 8 0 - p F capacitor 3is equal to
• a 680 Χ 10"6 F
•
b 680 Χ 10"9 F
•
•
c 6 8 0 Χ 1 0 " 12F
d 680 Χ 1 0 " F
c 4
•
D.43
256
256° X 256° =
•
a 0
• fc 1
D.44
•
c 4
•
</ 2 5 6
The colour
d en o t es
• a 5
• fc 6
•
c 7
•
d
8
grey
in
the
resistor
code
Appendix D
D.45
D.46
D.47
D.48
W a v e l e n g t h is d e n o t e d b y the G r e e k letter
•
a Alpha
•
•
•
ft L a m b d a
c Delta
d Omega
D.49
Sample test paper
159
1 in air of
S o u n d has a velocity
•
•
a 330 m s " 1
b 400 m s " 1
•
•
c 500 m s " 1
d 660 m s "
A frequency of 3 0 0 k H z has a w a v e l e n g t h
of
•
•
•
a 10 2m
b 103 m
c 104 m
•
d 10
m
T h e w o r k d o n e w h e n a force of 10 Ν m o v e s
through a distance of 0.8 m is
Ώα
1.8 J
•
b 8 J
•
•
c 16 J
d 80 J
D.50
In the d i a g r a m the potential
b e t w e e n A a n d Β is
• a 0 V
• ft 3 V
• c 6 V
• d 9 V
+ 1 2V
Rl
E l e c t r o m a g n e t i c radiation h a s a velocity in
4
1
v a c u u m of
a 3 Χ 1 05 m s " 1
• ft 3 Χ 1 0 6 m s " 1
• c 3 Χ 1 08 m s " 1
• d 3 Χ 10 m s "
1 5R0
ί~—
R2
•
ov
a 8
1 5R0
X
R
3
6 0R0
R
4
6 0R0
-k
I
difference
Appendix Ε Sample test paper
E.l
E.2
E.6
2 2 % of a certain resistance is 5 5 R . T h e total
value of the resistance is
•
•
•
a 120R
ft 155R
c 200R
•
d 250R
In the d i a g r a m
w a v e f o r m is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
the p e a k
value
of
E.7
the
0 V
-24 V
12 V
24 V
E.8
VL0
L
>
THNE
I
I
I
ft
1:0
•
•
c
d
1:1
1:2
In Q u e s t i o n E.2 the a v e r a g e value is
• α 0 V
• ft 6 V
In Q u e s t i o n E.2 the p e a k to p e a k value of
the w a v e f o r m is
•
flOV
• ft 12 V
• c -12 V
• d 24 V
E.4
In Q u e s t i o n E.2
w a v e f o r m is
• a 1Hz
• ft 1 0 H z
• c 100 H z
• d 1000 H z
E.5
In Question
• a 3 X
• ft 3 X
• c 3 X
• d 3 X
If VGO - 4 = 2, y is
• a 3
• ft 4
c 6
d 36
T h e i m p e d a n c e of a 2 0 - μ Ρ capacitor at
100 H z is
• a 28.68 i l
• ft 3 5 . 4 2 Ω
•
•
the
c 12 V
d 24 V
I (ns)
E.9
E.3
a
•
•
•
2
0:1
•
•
•
+ 21
- 21
In Q u e s t i o n E.2 the m a r k / s p a c e ratio is
frequency
E.2 4the w a v e l e n g t h is
1 0 5H z
1 0 6H z
1 0 8H z
10 Hz
of
c 66.62 Ω
d 79.57 Ω
E.10
T h e i m p e d a n c e of a 5-H inductor at 100 H z
is
• a 1608 Ω
• ft 3 1 4 2 Ω
• c 6284 Ω
• d 8080 Ω
E.ll
T h e t i m e constant of a 1-ΜΩ resistor and a
2 - μ Ρ capacitor is
• a 1.5 s
• ft 2.0 s
• c 4.0 s
• d 4.5 s
the
Appendix Ε
E.12
T h e time constant of a 10-H inductor and a
2 0 - Ω resistor is
• a 0.5
• ft 2.0
• c 20
• d 50
E.18
s
s
s
s
Sample test paper
In the d i a g r a m the resistance b e t w e e n A
and Β is
• a 20 Ω
• ft 4 0 Ω
• c 60 Ω
• d 80 Ω
Rl
E.13
E.15
If 3y + ζ = 6 + 4z, y is
• a ζ + 6
E.16
E.17
T h e a v e r a g e value o v e r a c o m p l e t e cycle of
a voltage sine w a v e s y m m e t r i c a l about
earth is
•
flOV
• ft 1 V
• c ΤΓ V
• d 2ττ V
The
sine
•
•
•
•
a v e r a g e v a l u e over half a cycle of a
w a v e is
a 0.5 X p e a k value
ft 0.637 X p e a k value
c 0.707 X p e a k value
d TT X p e a k value
H
h
2 0R
R
80
R3
C=]
400R
I
A
Β
I
E.19
If 2 4 0 V is applied to the circuit in Question
E.18, the current in Rx is
• a 1.2 A
• ft 2.4 A
• c 3.6 A
• d 4.8 A
E.20
If 3 0 0 V is applied to the circuit in Question
E.18, the current in R2 is
• a 1.6 A
• ft 2.2 A
• c 2.8 A
• d 3.0 A
E.21
If the resistance b e t w e e n A and Β in
Q u e s t i o n E.18 is 100 Ω, and Rx is 150 Ω
and R2 is 50 Ω, the value of R3 is
• a 50 Ω
• ft 100 Ω
• c 150 Ω
• d 200 Ω
E.22
If V p is the p e a k v a l u e of a sine w a v e , the
r.m.s. v a l u e is
In Q u e s t i o n E . 1 3 , ζ is
• a 3y + 2
U b
3y-2
U c 2 + y
• d y - 2
T h e n u m b e r of possible inputs to a threeinput logic gate is
• a 2
• ft 4
• c 6
• d 8
2R
H
• ft 6 - z
Q c z + 2
• d 3z + 6
E.14
161
•
a
TT/V
P
• ft Vp/ττ
• c TT/2Vp
• d 2VpITT
E.23
T h e gain or the loss of an electronic
n e t w o r k c a n b e m e a s u r e d in the
• a Joule
• ft F a r a d
• c Ohm
• d Decibel
162
E.24
Appendix Ε
Sample test paper
In the d i a g r a m the r e a c t a n c e of the c a p a c itor is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
E.29
In Q u e s t i o n E.28 the current / is
• a 4.83 Ω
• ft 6.37 Ω
• c 8.42 Ω
•
E.26
E.30
μΥ
?
\y
20
V|
/ =
50
Hz
In Q u e s t i o n E . 2 4 the current / is a p p r o x imately
• a 1.42 A
• b 2.28 A
•
•
E.31
•
c
135°
•
d
180°
a 0°
b 45°
•
•
c 90°
d 180°
T h e unit for m a g n e t i c flux is the
• a Henry
• ft W e b e r
• c Tesla
4
4
a + û , y is
If y = û +12
• a a16
• ft a 4
• c 3 α4
d Ampere
E.32
T h e unit for m a g n e t i c flux density is the
• a Henry
• ft O h m
• c Tesla
• d Ampere
E.33
T h e G r e e k letter s y m b o l for resistivity is
•
•
•
a Delta
ft A l p h a
c Lambda
•
d Rho
da
E.34
E.28
•
•
•
In Q u e s t i o n E . 2 4 the p h a s e angle b e t w e e n
the voltage a n d current is
• a 45°
• b 90°
•
b 50.8 m A
c 66.3 m A
d 70.4 m A
In Q u e s t i o n E.28 the p h a s e angle b e t w e e n
voltage a n d current is
c 3.14 A
d 6.88 A
4
E.27
a 20.4 m A
•
•
•
d 9.33 Ω
500
E.25
•
In the d i a g r a m the r e a c t a n c e of the inductor
is
• a 3016 Ω
• ft 4 2 4 4 Ω
• c 5208 Ω
• d 6331 Ω
8
Η
=
200J
60 Hz
In the b l o c k d i a g r a m of a two-stage amplifier, if the gain of stage 1 is 2 and the gain
of stage 2 is 8, the overall gain is
Input
\v=
Τ
•
•
•
a 2
ft 8
c 10
•
d 16
1
2
•utput
Appendix Ε
E.35
In Q u e s t i o n E . 3 4 , if the input to stage 1 is
E.41
E.36
E.37
a 1.0 V
•
b 2.0 V
•
•
c 8.0 V
•
•
•
a 25Hz
b 50Hz
c 75 Hz
d 16.0 V
•
d 100 H z
In Q u e s t i o n E.35 the overall gain in decibels is
•
•
•
a 12
b 24
c 36
•
d 40
•
•
•
E.42
T h e ripple frequency in a m a i n s full-wave
rectifier s y s t e m is
•
•
•
•
T h e b l o c k d i a g r a m s h o w n is for a p o w e r
supply unit. B l o c k 1 is the
• a Transformer
E.43
•
•
•
•
E.44
Mains
Input
E.38
E.39
E.40
ο
_ _ _ _
DC
Dutpu-b
In Q u e s t i o n E.37 b l o c k 2 is the
• a Transformer
• b Rectifier
• c Filter
• d Stabilizer
In Q u e s t i o n E.37 b l o c k 4 is the
• a Transformer
• b Rectifier
• c Filter
• d Stabilizer
25 H z
50Hz
75 Hz
100 H z
a
b
c
d
1101
1110
1100
1000
T h e b a s e 3 n u m b e r 121 c o n v e r t e d to b a s e
10 is
• a 14
A
E.45
•
•
b 15
c 16
•
d 22
In the d i a g r a m , gate 1 is
• a An EXCLUSIVE-OR
• b A NOR
•
•
In Q u e s t i o n E.37 b l o c k 3 is the
• a Transformer
• b Rectifier
• c Filter
• d Stabilizer
a
b
c
d
T h e addition of the binary n u m b e r s 111 a n d
110 is
b Rectifier
c Filter
d Stabilizer
1
Ρ
1_
A
c A NOT
d
ANAND
—I
1
I I
I
o Β
E.46
163
T h e ripple frequency in a m a i n s half-wave
rectifier s y s t e m is
0.5 V, the output of stage 2 is
•
Sample test paper
1
In Q u e s t i o n E . 4 5 , gate 2 is
• a An A N D
• b
ANAND
• c A NOT
• d An EXCLUSIVE-OR
1
o - o
164
E.47
E.48
Appendix Ε
Sample test paper
W h i c h o n e of the following gates p e r f o r m s
the s a m e function as the gate c o m b i n a t i o n
s h o w n in Q u e s t i o n E . 4 5 ?
E.49
In Q u e s t i o n E . 4 8 , if a short circuit is placed
b e t w e e n C a n d D , the resistance b e t w e e n A
a n d Β is then
•
•
a OR
ft N O T
• a 16 Ω
• ft 2 0 Ω
•
•
c NAND
d AND
• c
•
In the d i a g r a m the resistance b e t w e e n A
a n d Β is
• a 21 Ω
• ft 2 4 Ω
• c
•
30 Ω
d 42 Ω
E.50
If in Q u e s t i o n E.48 R is replaced by a
2
1 4 0 - Ω resistor, the resistance b e t w e e n A
and Β b e c o m e s
• a 18.2 Ω
• ft 21.3 Ω
• c 25.5 Ω
•
Rl
Η
ρ
2R
—I
h
3 0R
R 40
1
-CZZ2
6R
I
h
R 24
A
Β
I
28 Ω
d 40 Ω
d 30.4 Ω
Appendix F
Sample test paper
2
F.l
A voltage amplifier h a s a gain of 2. T h e
gain e x p r e s s e d in decibels is
•
•
a 2
ft 4
•
•
c 6
d 12
F.6
•
F.7
F.2
F.3
a 2
b 6
c 12
•
d 24
T h r e e n e t w o r k s c o n n e c t e d in series h a v e
individual gains of 18 d B , - 6 d B a n d 9 d B .
T h e overall gain is
•
•
•
•
F.4
a
b
c
d
15
21
27
33
dB
dB
dB
dB
9
b 4
•
•
c 16
d 64
T h e b a s e for natural l o g a r i t h m s is equal to
•
•
a 20 ms
b 0.05 s
•
c 20 s
•
d 50 s
In the d i a g r a m the overall c a p a c i t a n c e of the
circuit is
•
•
a 5 V
b 6 V
•
•
c 1 V
d 8 V
a 1 μ¥
b 2 μΈ
• c 3 μ¥
U d
4μ¥
Cl
a +6
b -6
c +18
d -18
A n e t w o r k h a s a voltage loss of 6 d B . If the
input voltage is 10 V, the output voltage is
a 1.321
b 2.718
c 3.142
d 6.284
T h e t i m e constant of a 2 - H inductor a n d a
1 0 0 - Ω resistor is
•
•
T h e input voltage to a filter is 8 mV, a n d the
output voltage is 1.0 mV. T h e overall gain in
decibels is
•
•
•
•
F.5
8
X 4" =
a 1
•
•
•
•
•
If an amplifier h a s a p o w e r gain of 16, the
gain in decibels is
•
•
•
4° Χ 4
2
2C
[HI
II—ι
1 2 uF
4 Fu
VI
I
F.10
2V
100V
I
In Q u e s t i o n F.9 the voltage V is
X
• a 10 V
• ft 25 V
•
•
c 75 V
d 80 V
166
F.ll
Appendix F
In Q u e s t i o n F.9 the voltage V is
2
• a 12 V
• ft 2 5 V
• c 75 V
•
F.12
F.14
d 90 V
F.20
ft 150 μ Ο
c 250 μ €
d 300 μ Ο
In Q u e s t i o n
• a 100
• ft 2 0 0
• c 300
• d 400
F.9 the c h a r g e stored in C
\LQ
O c t a l 34 in binary is
•
a 010011
•
•
•
ft 0 0 1 0 0 1
c 001111
d 011100
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a Τ attenuator. T h e
resistance l o o k i n g into A B is
• a 20 Ω
• ft 3 0 Ω
• c 50 Ω
•
2 is
d 70 Ω
A
H
μΟ
μΟ
μΟ
20R
c 3.55 μ ΐ
d 3.75 μ Ι
d 11.25 m J
H
30R
τ
F.21
In Question F.9 the e n e r g y stored in C is
2
• a 10.04 m J
• ft 10.18 m J
• c 10.88 m J
•
c
20R
I
In Q u e s t i o n F.9 the e n e r g y stored in C is
x
• a 3.55 m J
• ft 3.75 m J
•
•
F.15
F.19
In Question F.9 the c h a r g e stored in C is
x
• a 100 μ Ο
•
•
•
F.13
Sample test paper
D
In Q u e s t i o n F.20, if a short circuit is placed
b e t w e e n C a n d D , the resistance looking
into A B is
• a 16 Ω
• ft 32 Ω
•
•
c 48 Ω
d 50 Ω
2
F.16
A capacitor plate has an area of 12 m m .
T h e d i a m e t e r is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 1.95 m m
• ft 3.9 m m
• c 4.7 m m
• d 6.2 m m
F.22
A sine w a v e h a s a p e a k v a l u e of 4 0 V. T h e
r.m.s. value is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 28.29 V
• ft 3 0 . 3 3 V
• c 31.46 V
• d 32.52 V
F.17
T h e p r o d u c t of the binary n u m b e r s 100 a n d
101 is
• a 10010
• ft 10011
F.23
T h e average
Question F 2 2
• a 20 V
• ft 25.48
• c 28.28
• d 56.56
•
•
R18
c 10100
d 11101
If binary 10010 is divided b y binary 11, the
a n s w e r is
• a 101
• ft 110
• c 100
• d 111
F.24
value over half a cycle in
is
V
V
V
T h e form factor
Q u e s t i o n F.22 is
• a 1.01
• ft 1.11
• c 2.22
• d 3.11
for
the
waveform
in
Appendix F
F.25
3 Q u e s t i o n F.22 h a s a
If the w a v e f o r m1 in
F.31
frequency of 1 0 H z , the w a v e l e7n g t h is
8
•
5
• ft 3 Χ 1 0 " m
• c 3 Χ 1 0 5m
•
F.26
If R = (R IR )
X2
• a (R • ft (R•
•
F.27
d 3 X 1(T
c R I(R
X
d R I(K
X
F.28
•
ft
+ K, R is
2
R )IK
X
K)IR
c 20
•
d 25
X
-
K)
R)
2
•
is
d A D C p o w e r amplifier
x = 6 0 a n d Κ •F.33
A n R F amplifier in a T V is
• a Selective
• ft F i x e d t u n e
• c U s e d to amplify the I F carrier
• d U s e d for d e m o d u l a t i o n
a (R +
•
•
R )IR
X 2
R)
x
c (R R )/R
x 2
d (RR R )IR
2
X 2
• ft R I(R
2
-
F.34
In Q u e s t i o n F.26, R
•
a R (R
2
2
• ft R I(R
F.30
In Q u e s t i o n F.30 b l o c k C is
• a A D C generator
• ft A n oscillator
• c A differential amplifier
In Q u e s t i o n F.26, Κ is
•
F.29
F.32
15
•
c A D C p o w e r amplifier
U d A differential amplifier
m
7, the value of R
a 10
a A n oscillator
• ft A D C g e n e r a t o r
•
If in Q u e s t i o n F.26 R = 11, R
•
167
In Q u e s t i o n F.30 b l o c k Β is
•
fl3X10 m
Sample test paper
•
c R(R
•
d R(R
-
x is
K)
+ K)
In the d i a g r a m the v o l t a g e d r o p across
is
•
a 10
•
ft
•
•
c 30
d 40
2 - K)
2 + K)
[set
Speed
IControll
L_|
|j
ι
I
A
—
|
Sc
|
Β
—
|
<
I
|Mo-tor|
—
C
| " |
1
4
20
Rl
2R
3R
4R
1 0R
2R0
4R0
1R0
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a s p e e d control s y s t e m .
B l o c k A is
• a A n oscillator
• ft A D C g e n e r a t o r
• c A D C p o w e r amplifier
• d A differential amplifier
2 4 0V
F.35
R
I
A 1 0 : 1 s t e p - d o w n t r a n s f o r m e r w o u l d give
a p e a k to p e a k m a i n s voltage o n the
s e c o n d a r y of
•
•
a 24
ft 3 4
•
•
c 48
d 68
168
F.36
Appendix F
Sample test paper
In the d i a g r a m the logic function satisfied
by the l a m p is
•
•
a AND
ft O R
•
c NOT
•
d NOR
Lamp
F.37
F.38
LΓ
A
•
•
a Attenuation
b Feedback
•
•
c Oscillation
d Gain
\
Β
F.43
If an a e r i a l ' s length is to b e 1/4 wavelength,
the length for a frequency of 100 M H z will
be
•
•
a 0.5 m
b 1.0 m
•
•
c 0.75 m
d 3.0 m
G i v5e n that the p o w e r gain of an amplifier is
1 0 , a n d that the input p o w e r is 0.1 μ\¥, the
output p o w e r is
•
•
a 1 mW
b 1 W
•
•
c 100 m W
d 10 m W
In the d i a g r a m the circuit s h o w s the operation of
Ω a
ANAND
• b A NOR
• c A NOT
• d An A N D
A 1 2 0 - m V r.m.s. sine w a v e will h a v e a p e a k
v a l u e of
a
b
c
d
169
189
200
240
20 Ω
40 Ω
80 Ω
120 Ω
20R
1
^
Decimal
• a
• ft
• c
• d
80R
100R
n
g
4
A
ν
87 in binary is
1010111
1111010
1001101
1010001
R
ILAMPI
•N
j [ yF.44
B i n a r y 110100 in d e c i m a l is
•
•
•
•
0
°
I
mV
mV
mV
mV
In the d i a g r a m the value of R is
• a
• ft
• c
• d
F.40
F.42
Information from the output signal of an
amplifier fed b a c k to modify the input
signal is called
•
•
•
•
F.39
F.41
F.45
a
ft
c
d
42
46
48
52
In the d i a g r a m , / is equal to
• a 6 A
• ft 6 0 m A
• c 600 μ Α
• d 1 A
1000R
I
4000R
6
V
5000R
I
Appendix F
F.46
Materials formed by o n e type of a t o m are
called
F.49
a Electrons
b Elements
•
•
•
•
c Protons
d Neutrons
•
c Cyan
•
d Magenta
F o u r resistors of 6 8 Ω e a c h c o n n e c t e d in
parallel will h a v e a c o m b i n e d resistance of
• α 4Ω
• b 6.8 Ω
• c 17 Ω
• d 68 Ω
F.48
M a n g a n e s e dioxide is u s e d in a dry cell to
act as
Q
•
•
•
Û
b
c
d
A n electrode
A source of electrons
A conductor
A depolarizer
F.50
169
In c o l o u r television m i x i n g , r e d + green +
b l u e in suitable p r o p o r t i o n s gives
•
•
F.47
Sample test paper
a Yellow
b White
T h e unit quantity of electrical c h a r g e is
• a The ampere
• b The joule
• c T h e watt
• d The coulomb
Appendix G
G.l
A 5 - k W m a i n s - o p e r a t e d electric fire will
d r a w a current of
•
•
•
•
G.2
Sample test paper
a
b
c
d
G.5
5 A
10.8 A
15.8 A
20.8 A
In a T V receiver the field t i m e b a s e r u n s
at
•
a 50 Hz
•
•
•
b 25 H z
c 625 Hz
d 15 6 2 5 H z
G.6
T h e b o d y of a portable dry p o w d e r fire
extinguisher is n o r m a l l y painted
•
•
a Blue
b Black
•
•
c Red
d Green
In the d i a g r a m , X w o u l d b e
• a A frequency c h a n g e r
• b A buffer amplifier
• c A modulator
• d A demodulator
Ύ
G.3
G.4
G i v e n that a resistor c o n n e c t e d to a 2 4 0 - V
supply dissipates 4 8 0 W, the value is
•
a 60 Ω
•
•
•
b 120 Ω
c 240 Ω
d 480 Ω
a
b
c
d
~~[~~^
G.7
If a = *V(36), b is
• a 36a
• b 6a
• c a/6
• d a/36
G.8
Denary
• a
• b
• c
• d
N e g a t i v e feedback
Positive feedback
A filter n e t w o r k
A n attenuator
Amplifier
[RF
Tuned
Circuit
Η
Amplifier
X
^"Amplifier"
F o r the circuit s h o w n to oscillate, b l o c k X
w o u l d n e e d to b e
•
•
•
•
psciUa-tor]
65 e x p r e s s e d in binary is
1000001
1100011
1011010
1110011
_L
Appendix G
G.9
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a battery with an
internal resistance r, c o n n e c t e d to a load R.
T h e value of r is
•
•
a 0.05 Ω
b 0.08 Ω
•
•
c 0.1 Ω
d 1.0 Ω
G.13
G.14
A
f
r
C ^ H I > 0
I
0,2
\1
/ 2
A
G.10
G.ll
1
1
V
a 33.8 Ω
b 35.9 Ω
c 40.6 Ω
d 47.9 Ω
G.16
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a h a l f - w a v e rectifier
circuit a n d a 2 4 : 1 step d o w n transformer.
If the input voltage is 120 V r.m.s., a n d
a s s u m i n g n o losses, the p e a k voltage across
t h e load is
•
a 4.62 V
•
•
•
b 5.32 V
c 7.07 V
d 9.61 V
ίΧ3
G.12
G.15
In Q u e s t i o n G.9 the value of resistor R is
•
•
•
If in Q u e s t i o n G . l l the input voltage V is
m
increased to 4 8 0 V, t h e p e a k voltage across
R is
L
• a 14.14
•
•
•
b 28.28
c 56.56
d 60.67
a 251a
•
•
•
b 0.2a
c a/25
d a + 5
171
b is
D e n a r y 8 5 e x p r e s s e d in binary is
• a 1000100
b 1000101
c 1010101
d 1110111
1
R
•
•
•
•
•
Β
V
1
71,8
If a = bj(25),
Sample test paper
2 0 °C c o n v e r t e d to d e g r e e s F a h r e n h e i t is
•
•
a 3 6 °F
b 40 °F
•
•
c 5 9 °F
J 68 °F
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a three-stage network.
T h e gain of stage 2 is
•
a 0.2
•
•
•
0.5
c 2.0
d 5.0
1
;;ioo nv
jjl.5 ν
2
j;o.3 ν
3
1
7,5 V
G.17
T h e overall gain in Q u e s t i o n G.16 is
• a 15
• b 30
• c 75
• d 80
G.18
In Q u e s t i o n G . 1 6 the gain of stage 2 in
decibels is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
•
•
a -1
b 1
c 14
d -14
172
G.19
Appendix G
Sample test paper
In Q u e s t i o n
decibels is
G.16
the
overall
gain
in
G.25
In Q u e s t i o n G . 2 2 the D C voltage across R
L
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 18.75
• ft 37.5
•
•
G.20
c 75.0
d 80.2
If χ = bl(atc\
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
t is
G.26
axlbc
bclax
ablcx
bl(acx)
•
•
a 19.81 V
b 20.31 V
•
•
c 38.19 V
d 48.82 V
In Q u e s t i o n G . 2 2 the r.m.s. voltage across
R is
L
• a 60 V
• ft 7 0 V
• c 75 V
•
G.21
G.22
d 80 V
D e n a r y 9 6 e x p r e s s e d in binary is
•
•
•
a 1100000
b 1110000
c 1111000
•
d 1111100
G.27
a 1.5 A
•
b 2.0 A
•
•
c 2.5 A
d 3.0 A
G.28
G.29
L
Vin
R R
6 0
<>
G.23
In Q u e s t i o n G . 2 2
approximately
• a 482 m A
• ft 5 8 0 m A
• c 637 m A
• d 707 m A
G.24
In Q u e s t i o n G . 2 2 the r.m.s. current is
• a 0.6 A
• ft 0.7 A
•
•
c 0.9 A
d 1.0 A
Β is
• ft
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a half-wave rectifier
circuit c o n n e c t e d to a 2 4 0 - V m a i n s supply.
If the p e a k output voltage from the rectifier
is 120 V, the p e a k current is
•
If C/LN =
• a L/NC
Ν CIL
the
DC
current
is
G.30
•
c ZJV7C
•
d
C/LN
D e n a r y 17 e x p r e s s e d in binary is
•
•
•
a 10001
ft 10011
c 10100
•
d 11101
In the F a h r e n h e i t t e m p e r a t u r e scale the
t e m p e r a t u r e of m e l t i n g ice is taken as
•
•
a 0°
ft 3 2 °
•
•
c 40°
d 42°
The diagram
output p o w e r
• a 3.62
• ft 4.88
• c 6.32
• d 7.54
s h o w s a single stage, T h e
W is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
2
W
W
W
W
Appendix G
G.31
G.32
G.33
If in Q u e s t i o n G . 3 0 the gain is 6 d B , the
output p o w e r is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
G.38
•
a Blue
•
•
b Red
c Green
•
c 120 W
•
d Violet
•
d 150 W
G.39
T h e d e n a r y n u m b e r 14 c o n v e r t e d to b a s e 4
is
• a 12
• b 22
•
•
c 30
d 32
If W
•
•
•
•
=
a
b
c
J
G.41
I R a n d W = 3 0 a n d R = 120, / is
0.25
0.5
2.5
5.5
Denary
• a
• b
• c
• d
G.36
A four-band resistor h a s c o l o u r b a n d s
o r a n g e , w h i t e , red a n d red. T h e o h m i c
value is
• a 1.8 k i l ± 5 %
• b 2.7 kil ± 2 %
• c 3.9 kil ± 2%
• d 4.7 kil ± 1 0 %
G.37
G i v e n a 0 . 4 7 - Ω ± 2 % resistor, b a n d 1 is
coloured
• a Orange
• b Yellow
•
•
c Blue
d Green
c Red
d Gold
2
2
If a + b = c , w h e r e α = 12 a n d ft = 16, c
is
• a 12
• ft 14
•
•
102 e x p r e s s e d in binary is
1000010
1000011
1000110
1100110
Gold
Silver
Red
Yellow
In Q u e s t i o n G . 3 7 b a n d 4 is c o l o u r e d
• a Brown
• b Black
2
G.42
G.35
a
b
c
d
•
•
2
G.34
In Q u e s t i o n G . 3 7 b a n d 3 is c o l o u r e d
•
•
•
•
G.40
173
In Q u e s t i o n G.37 b a n d 2 is c o l o u r e d
• a 160 W
• ft 2 4 0 W
If in Q u e s t i o n G . 3 0 the gain is - 3 0 d B a n d
the output p o w e r is 2.0 W, the input p o w e r
is
• a 500 W
• b 1 kW
• c 2 kW
• d 4kW
Sample test paper
c 16
d 20
D e n a r y 111 e x p r e s s e d in b i n a r y is
• a 1101111
• ft 1110000
•
•
c 1110011
ii 1111001
G.43
A n electronic unit dissipating 1.2 k W from
a 2 4 0 - V m a i n s supply takes a current of
• a 2 A
• ft 3 A
• c 5 A
• d 8 A
G.44
In a m p l i t u d e m o d u l a t i o n , if t h e p e a k signal
is 0.6 V a n d the carrier p e a k is 2.4 V, the
d e p t h of m o d u l a t i o n is
• a 20%
• ft 2 5 %
• c 33%
• d 50%
174
G.45
G.46
Appendix G
Sample test paper
If in Q u e s t i o n G.44 the carrier p e a k is
r e d u c e d to 1.5 V, the d e p t h of m o d u l a t i o n is
then
G.48
If
χ = A/^(y), y
2
•
a
20%
•
c
JC /16
•
b
35%
•
d
16/JC
•
•
c 40%
d 50%
A carrier h a s a p e a k value of 1.2 V. If the
depth of m o d u l a t i o n is 6 0 % , the p e a k
G.49
signal is
• a 600 mV
D e n a r y 13 e x p r e s s e d in binary is
• a 1001
•
•
• ft 6 8 0 m V
• c 720 mV
• d 800 m V
b 1101
c 1110
1111
Ud
4
G.47
If
V ( J C ) = 0.5,
•
JC is
a 0.5
• ft 0.06
• c 0.055
• d 0.0625
is
• α ΑΙ χ
• ft xIA2
G.50
is
•
a 0
• ft 1
• c j
• d -1
Appendix H
H.l
Sample test paper
In the d i a g r a m the value of the overall
resistance R is
• a 50R
• b 60R
•
•
H.5
Denary
• a
• b
• c
• d
H.6
If y = a + (jc/ft), χ is
c 70R
d 80R
Rl
Η
•
U
•
Q
2R
Η
6 0R
Τη
R
40
R3
Ι
1
1
Ι
1 5 0R
H.2
In Q u e s t i o n H . l , R is c h a n g e d in order to
2
m a k e the v a l u e of R 7 5 R . T h e n e w value of
R is
2
H.3
•
•
•
a 90R
b 95R
c 100R
•
d
Denary
• a
• b
• c
•
H.8
a
b
c
d
•
•
•
•
•
10R
20R
40R
50R
c 75 Hz
d 80 Hz
10 e x p r e s s e d in b i n a r y is
1000
1001
1010
1100
U a 1.5 A
120R
A sinusoidal oscillator p r o d u c e s 2 0 c y c l e s
in 4 0 0 m s . T h e frequency is
• a 25 H z
• b 50Hz
d
ft(y + a)
biy
-a)
y(b - a)
y(b + a)
In the d i a g r a m , if e a c h battery h a s an
internal resistance of 0.25 Ω, the current /
is
In Q u e s t i o n H . l , R is c h a n g e d in order to
x
m a k e the v a l u e of R 3 7 R 5 . T h e n e w v a l u e
of Ri is
•
•
•
•
H.4
H.7
α
b
c
d
19 c o n v e r t e d to b a s e 8 is
15
16
20
23
6 V
/
H.9
b 1.6 A
c 1.8 A
d 2.0 A
6 V
7
6 V
1
15R
6 V
1
In Q u e s t i o n H . 8 the voltage across if? is
• a 21.0 V
• b 21.5 V
• c 22.0 V
• d 22.5 V
176
H.10
H.11
H.12
H.13
Appendix H
Sample test paper
In Q u e s t i o n H . 8 , if o n e battery is reversed,
the current / is then
• a 0.5 A
• b 0.75 A
• c 1.0 A
• d 1.5 A
In Q u e s t i o n H . 1 0 the voltage across R is
• a 5.25 V
• b 5.75 V
• c 11.25 V
• d 17.25 V
If c = J(abd), d is
• a dab
2
• b bcla
• c c lab
• d abc
Denary
• a
• b
• c
• d
117 e x p r e s s e d in binary is
1000100
1001010
1010101
1110101
H.14
A p o w e r ratio of 10 m W input a n d 12.6
m W output e x p r e s s e d in decibels is
• a 1
• b 2
• c -1
• d -6
H.15
A n e t w o r k has an input of 1 m W a n d an
output of 2 W. T h e gain in decibels is
• a 26
• b 33
• c 40
• d 66
H.16
If the output of the n e t w o r k in Q u e s t i o n
H . 1 5 is 8 0 0 μ \ ¥ , the gain in decibels is
• a 0
• b -1
• c 1
• d 10
H.17
F o u r resistors c o n n e c t e d in parallel h a v e a
c o m b i n e d resistance of 7.5 Ω. T h r e e of the
resistors h a v e values of 15 Ω, 3 0 Ω and
4 0 Ω. T h e v a l u e of the fourth is
•
•
•
•
100
105
110
120
a
b
c
d
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
3
H.18
If
•
•
•
•
H.19
H.20
a
b
c
d
= 9, χ is
3
81
243
729
+
a
b
c
4y = 11, a n d
2
4
6
V W
If 3x
•
Q
•
Q
JC
+ 7 j = 15, y is
8
I n Q u e s t i o n H . 1 9 , JC is
•
•
•
U
α
b
c
d
1
4
6
7
H.21
Denary
• a
• b
• c
• d
H.22
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a 1 2 : 1 step-up transformer. If V is 110 V r.m.s. a n d a s s u m i n g
in
n o losses, the p e a k to p e a k value of V is
ot u
approximately
• a 1320 V
• b 1866 V
• c 3733 V
• d 7466 V
127 e x p r e s s e d in b a s e 2 is
1000000
1100000
1111000
1111111
Λη
<>
Vout
Lrhj
Appendix H
H.23
A t e m p e r a t u r e of
degrees Celsius is
250
Κ
expressed
in
H.29
• a - 2 3 °C
• ft 2 3 °C
•
•
H.24
9 0 °C e x p r e s s e d in the K e l v i n scale is
• a 300 Κ
• b 330 Κ
•
•
H.25
110
122
160
194
a
b
c
d
•
•
b 2.0 A
c 4.0 A
•
d 8.0 A
24R
J -±36
]
15R
r
π
H.27
H.28
V
d 4.93 A
20
•
•
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
a 198.3
b 202.2
c 219.7
d 300.4
If 5 J C = 1280,
χ
is
2
4
5
8
H.32
2.5%
•
•
•
•
of
a
b
c
d
8 0 0 is
20
100
120
160
H.33
A 6-V 12-W b u l b h a s a filament resistance
of
τ
In Q u e s t i o n H . 2 6 the current flowing in the
2 4 R resistor is
• a 0.67 A
• b 0.96 A
• c 1.67 A
• d 2.67 A
•
a
b
c
d
6R
In Q u e s t i o n H . 2 6 the current flowing in the
15R resistor is
• a 1.12 A
• b 1.33 A
• c 1.67 A
• d 2.33 A
a 1.29 A
b 3.61 A
c 3.82 A
•
•
•
•
'"I
vl
•
•
•
4
H.31
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a four-resistor n e t w o r k .
T h e value of the current flowing in the 8 R
resistor is
Ώα
1.5 A
If the 15R resistor in Q u e s t i o n H . 2 6 is
r e p l a c e d b y a 6 0 R resistor, the total current
supplied b y t h e battery is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
•
H.24
°F
°F
°F
°F
177
18
H.30
c 363 Κ
d 400 Κ
The
temperature
in
Question
e x p r e s s e d in d e g r e e s F a h r e n h e i t is
•
•
•
•
H.26
c - 5 0 °C
d 5 0 °C
Sample test paper
H.34
H.35
•
•
•
a 0.3 Ω
b 1.5 Ω
c 3.0 Ω
•
d 6.0 Ω
A 12-V
of
• a
• ft
• c
• d
3 - W b u l b h a s a filament resistance
12
20
24
48
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Α 1 2 5 - Ω resistor is p a s s i n g a current of
2 0 0 m A . T h e applied v o l t a g e is
Ώ a 25 V
• ft 5 0 V
• c 75 V
• d 80 V
178
H.36
H.37
H.38
Appendix H
T h e p o w e r dissipated in the resistor in
Q u e s t i o n H.35 is
Q a 2 W
•
•
•
a 353 m A
b 406 m A
c 608 m A
•
d 1
w
•
d 735 m A
T h e product of the binary n u m b e r s 100 a n d
101 is
• a 10001
• b 10010
• c 10011
• d 10100
H.43
T h e product of the binary n u m b e r s 1000
and 1010 is
• a 1001110
H.44
b 1010000
c 1010111
d 1011000
127
expressed
in
H.45
In the d i a g r a m the current in the 2 R resistor
is
•
a 600 m A
•
•
•
b 720 m A
c 824 m A
d 910 m A
H.46
I
-ZJ^~4V y
Τ
£N^p
In Q u e s t i o n H . 4 0 the current in the 5 R
resistor is
• a 332 m A
• b All m A
•
•
c 603 m A
d 821 m A
V
V
V
V
to
T h e d e n a r y n u m b e r 29.75 converted
h e x a d e c i m a l is
• a 8A.A
• b 3D.4
to
c C
d F
c 4A.C
d 1D.C
The denary number
h e x a d e c i m a l is
•
•
•
•
5R
1.65
2.35
5.65
6.35
1100 converted
•
•
d 1111111
a
b
c
d
T h e binary n u m b e r
h e x a d e c i m a l is
• a A
• b Β
•
•
T h e denary n u m b e r
binary form is
• a 1000000
• b 1100000
• c 1110000
IR
In Q u e s t i o n H . 4 0 the voltage b e t w e e n the
t o p a n d b o t t o m rails is
•
•
•
•
H.47
H.41
In Q u e s t i o n H . 4 0 the current in the
resistor is
b 3 W
c 5 W
•
H.40
H.42
•
•
•
•
•
H.39
Sample test paper
a
b
c
d
335
converted
to
13C
14F
15D
17B
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s three capacitors conn e c t e d in series. T h e value of C is
•
•
•
•
a
b
c
d
20
30
60
80
μ¥
μ¥
μ¥
μ¥
Cl
ι—II
3 0 0 uF
2C
II
2 0 0Fu
r
3C
II—ι
i 2 0Fu
Appendix H
H.48
If a 1 2 0 - μ Ρ capacitor is c o n n e c t e d in
parallel with C in Q u e s t i o n H . 4 7 , the value
3
of C is then
•
a 20 μ Ρ
• ft 2 5 μ Ρ
U c
30μ¥
• d 80 μ Ρ
H.49
If a 1 0 0 - μ Ρ capacitor is c o n n e c t e d in
parallel with C in Q u e s t i o n H . 4 7 , the value
2
of C is then
•
a 33.33 μ Ρ
• ft 4 0 μ Ρ
• c 66.67 μ Ρ
•
d 80 μ Ρ
H.50
Sample test paper
179
If a 3 0 0 - μ¥ capacitor is c o n n e c t e d in
parallel with C in Q u e s t i o n H . 4 7 , the value
x
of C is then
• a 33.33 μ Ρ
• ft 6 6 . 6 7 μ Ρ
•
•
c 80.33 μ Ρ
d 90.67 μ Ρ
Appendix J Sample test paper
J.l
T h e binary n u m b e r 1000110 divided b y the
binary n u m b e r 1010 gives
• a 100
• b 101
• c 111
• d 1011
J.6
W h i c h single gate could b e used to replace
the c o m b i n a t i o n s h o w n ?
• a OR
• b NOR
• c AND
• d NAND
1
A
J.2
J.3
T h e a n s w e r to Q u e s t i o n J . l in d e n a r y is
• a 1
• b 10
• c 14
• d 28
3 + j4 e x p r e s s e d in polar form is
• a 3 /3(T
• b 5 753.12°
• c 6/68.2°
• d 1 /45 °
2
J.4
(2+7l) =
QÛ4+J5
• ft
•
•
4 + /I
c 3 +
d 3 +
74
75
1
I
Β — j
•
•
•
X (1 - 7 ' 1 ) =
a 7 +
b 4 +
c 3 -
• J
2 -
7I
74
7 5
72
ι
Octal
•
•
•
•
J.8
T h e binary n u m b e r 1101.10111 converted to
octal is
• a 5.5
• b 15.56
• c 16.56
• d 16.66
J.9
In the d i a g r a m the resistance b e t w e e n A and
Β is
• a 2.25 Ω
• b 3.25 Ω
• c 3.5 Ω
• d 3.75 Ω
2 4 c o n v e r t e d to binary is
a 010100
b 010101
c 100101
d 100111
Rl
(3+74)
1
Q
3
J.7
H
J.5
1
—
2R
H
5R
3R
H
R5
R4
Ι
I
1
5R
A R
h
R5
Ι
Appendix J
J.10
If 6 0 V is applied to the circuit in Q u e s t i o n
J.16
J.9, the input p o w e r is
J.ll
a 100 W
•
•
•
ft
192 W
•
840 W
•
a 1.0 H
b 8.0 H
c 10.0 H
d 12.0 H
960 W
In Q u e s t i o n J.10 the p o w e r dissipated in R
4
is
• a 600 W
• b 720 W
• c
•
820 W
d 880 W
In Q u e s t i o n J.10 the p o w e r dissipated in R
3
is
• a 20 W
J.12
J.17
d 90 W
•
•
•
•
combinations
J.18
a 3
ft 4
c 5
d 6
j
L8^j4H
V2 j
L3^6H
V3 j
24V
6 As"
In Q u e s t i o n J.16 the v o l t a g e V is
X
• a 2 V
• ft 4 V
• c
•
J.19
Β
VI
In Q u e s t i o n J.16 the current increases at a
1
rate of
• d
In the d i a g r a m , h o w m a n y
give a logic 1 o u t p u t ?
J.13
j
L1^2H
• a 2 As"1
• ft 4 A s " 1
• c 5 As"1
• ft 6 0 W
• c 80 W
•
181
In the d i a g r a m the c o m b i n e d i n d u c t a n c e is
•
• c
• d
Sample test paper
I
rj
8 V
J 9 V
In Q u e s t i o n J.16 t h e v o l t a g e V is
2
• α 2 V
• ft 4 V
• c
I
•
8 V
J 9 1V
C
J.14
J.20
In Q u e s t i o n J.16 the circuit current after 4 s
is
• a 2 A
• ft 4 A
• c 6 A
•
8 A
J.21
T h e e n e r g y stored in L after 4 s in Q u e s t i o n
x
J.16 is
D e n a r y 4 1 e x p r e s s e d in b a s e 5 is
• a 120
• ft 124
• c
•
J.15
131
d 201
D e n a r y 4 1 e x p r e s s e d in b a s e 7 is
• a 54
• ft 5 6
• c 57
• d 60
• a 32 J
• ft 6 4 J
•
•
c 80 J
d 95 J
182
Appendix J
Sample test paper
J.22
In Q u e s t i o n J . l 6 the total e n e r g y stored after
4 s is
• a 128 J
• ft 2 0 0 J
• c 384 J
• d 400 J
J.29
A t w h a t frequency is the reactance of a
6 8 - p F capacitor e q u a l to 4 7 0 k i l ?
• a 4980Hz
• b 6324 Hz
• c 7428 Hz
• d 8000 Hz
J.23
G i v e n that the formula for a straight line
graph is y = mx + c, JC is
• a (y + c)/m
• b (y - c)/m
• c yc + m
• ί/ cm + y
J.30
In the d i a g r a m the current in R
•
•
a 0.1 A
b 0.2 A
•
•
c 0.6 A
d 0.8 A
x is
A
J.24
In Q u e s t i o n J . 2 3 , m is
•
•
•
Q
J.25
•
•
•
J.26
J.27
J.28
C
A capacitor h a s a r e a c t a n c e of 2 0 Ω at a
frequency of 7 5 0 H z . T h e capacitor value
is
• a 8.33 μ¥
• ft 9.61 μ Ρ
• c 10.61 μ Ρ
• d 12.43 μ Ρ
R
3
1R0
R5
Ψ
γ
D
J.31
In Q u e s t i o n
• a 0.5
• ft 0.6
• c 0.7
• J 0.9
J.32
In Q u e s t i o n J.30 the current in R
J.30 the current in R is
2
A
A
A
A
• a 0.2 A
• ft 0.3 A
•
•
c 3
J 4
T h e reactance of a 1 6 - μ Ρ capacitor at 5 0 H z
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 163.42 Ω
• ft 184.61 Ω
• c 198.94 Ω
• d 240.62 Ω
R
2
"ipiov
Pi
X
R5
j
b y - mx
c my + JC
d my - χ
In Q u e s t i o n J . 2 3 , if y = 2 0 , c = 4 a n d JC = 8,
m is
• a 1
• ft 2
•
•
Rl
α (y + C ) / J C
b (c + jc)/y
c (JC - c)ly
d (y - c)lx
In Q u e s t i o n J . 2 3 , c is
• a y + mjc
Β
I
J.33
c 0.6 A
d 0.8 A
In Q u e s t i o n J.30 the voltage b e t w e e n point
A a n d the positive plate of the 10-V battery
is
• a +4 V
• ft - 4 V
•
•
J.34
3 is
c +6 V
d -6 V
T h e v o l t a g e d r o p across R in Q u e s t i o n J.30
3
is
• a 1.0 V
• ft 1.5 V
• c 2.5 V
• d 4.5 V
Appendix J
J.35
In Q u e s t i o n J . 3 0 t h e v o l t a g e b e t w e e n p o i n t s
J.41
J.36
J.37
J.38
•
a 124.54 Ω
• ft 4 V
•
ft
•
c 6 V
•
c 333.64 Ω
•
d 9 V
•
d 667.27 Ω
If 2x + 3y = 4 0 , a n d
a 2
•
b 3
•
c
4
•
J
5
5JC +
y = 3 5 , χ is
In Q u e s t i o n J . 3 6 , y is
J.42
In Q u e s t i o n J . 4 0 the c u r r e n t / is a p p r o x imately
J.43
•
a 150 m A
•
ft
165 m A
•
c 170 m A
•
d 190 m A
T h e t i m e c o n s t a n t of a 4 - μ Ρ c a p a c i t o r a n d a
a 10
•
ft
12
•
•
c
16
• ft 4
•
J
20
•
c 4 s
•
d 0.4 s
1 0 0 - k f t resistor is
A 1 0 0 - m H i n d u c t o r h a s a r e a c t a n c e at 5 0 H z
•
•
J.44
ft
•
20.33 Ω
•
c 31.42 Ω
•
d 62.84 Ω
a 0.4
μ8
μ8
In t h e d i a g r a m the t i m e c o n s t a n t is
•
a 15.71 Ω
a 100
ft
200
\LS
μ8
•
c 150 m s
•
d 200 ms
A n i n d u c t o r h a s a r e a c t a n c e of 2 0 0 Ω at
0,2
2 0 0 H z . T h e v a l u e of t h e i n d u c t a n c e is
rHI—ΕΖΙΓ-Ί
•
a 106 m H
•
ft
c 141 m H
•
d 159 m H
If 25 V D C is a p p l i e d to t h e circuit in
Q u e s t i o n J . 4 4 , t h e initial c u r r e n t is
In t h e d i a g r a m t h e r e a c t a n c e of the c a p a c i t o r
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
•
a 240.6 Ω
•
•
•
ft
IMP
124 m H
•
J.45
J.40
166.81 Ω
•
of
J.39
In Q u e s t i o n J . 4 0 t h e circuit i m p e d a n c e Ζ
a 2 V
•
183
is
A a n d C is
•
Sample test paper
318.3 Ω
•
c 483.6 Ω
•
d 561.8 Ω
J.46
a 25 μ Α
ft
250 μ Α
•
c 25 m A
•
d 250 m A
In Q u e s t i o n J.45 the v o l t a g e across
capacitor
100R
10 yuF
CZr-η
ι—II
50
50
V
Hz
after
approximately
•
a 12.4 V
•
ft
•
c 15.8 V
•
d 19.3 V
14.1 V
one
time
constant
the
is
184
J.47
Appendix J
If 10 log x / 2 0 0 = - 2 0 , χ is
J.49
If 10 log 1000/jt = 2 0 , χ is
•
a 2
•
•
b 4
•
• c
•
J.48
Sample test paper
c
•
d 10
12
d 14
4
J.50
2
If* -9;t
•
a
1.5
•
•
b 2.0
a 0
•
1
4.0
•
c 2
d 8.5
•
</ 3
• c
•
10
•
8
If 2 0 log Λ;/200 = - 4 0 , χ is
a 8
= 0,;cis
Appendix Κ
K.1
The denary
binary is
•
•
•
•
7
K.2
Sample test paper
number
109
converted
to
K.6
a 1001110
ft 1100101
c 1101101
d 1110000
In the d i a g r a m , t h e inductive r e a c t a n c e X L
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y
• a 31.42 Ω
• b 44.46 Ω
• c 62.84 Ω
• d 75.67 Ω
2 e x p r e s s e d in binary is
• a 10001
•
•
•
b 110001
c 11110110
d 10000000
0 . 2H
K.4
K.7
K.5
b OIL
c 010
d 101
K.8
W h i c h single gate c o u l d b e u s e d to replace
the c o m b i n a t i o n s h o w n ?
•
•
•
•
A
a
b
c
d
OR
NOR
AND
NAND
1
1
• c
CH
42.81
48.33
50.62
63.98
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
2.22 A
d 3.46 A
K.9
In Q u e s t i o n K . 6 the voltage
• a 11.31 V
• b 18.72 V
• c 28.44 V
• d 30.67 V
K.10
In Q u e s t i o n K.6 the voltage V is
L
• α 44 V
• ft 6 2 V
• c 80V
• d 98 V
O - ^
Ο
a
b
c
d
In Q u e s t i o n K . 6 the current / is
• a 1.12 A
• b 1.56 A
•
°x
Β
In Q u e s t i o n K.6 the circuit i m p e d a n c e Ζ
is
•
•
•
•
T h e octal n u m b e r 2 e x p r e s s e d in binary is
• a 001
•
•
•
5 0 H
Π L
IL
IZR
J VR
3 giga m e a n s
T h e multiple
• a 106
• b 109
• c 1 0 12
• d 10
K.3
>
Τ VL
C_ Τ
lOOVZ
is
186
K.ll
K.12
K.13
Appendix Κ
Sample test paper
K.18
TT rad expressed in d e g r e e s is
a
110°
•
a 10
•
b
150°
•
b 11
•
c
180°
•
c
•
d 220°
•
d 14
•
a 2TT/3 rad
•
b 2TT/6 rad
•
c 5<TT/6 rad
•
d 4TT/3 rad
K.19
•
is
•
b 3
•
c
•
d 9
6
K.20
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s three inductors con-
a 2 kHz
nected in parallel. T h e c o m b i n e d induc-
•
b 10 k H z
tance is
•
c 100 k H z
•
a 1.0 Η
•
d 150 k H z
•
b 1.5 Η
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s a parallel R-C
R
•
a 2.1 A
•
b 4.2 A
•
c 6.8 A
•
d 7.3 A
τ
IR
100R
a 6.32 A
•
b 6.88 A
•
c 7.92 A
•
d 8.74 A
a 4.22 A
•
b 4.33 A
•
c 6.12 A
•
d 8.19 A
If - 4 ( y
c 2.0 Η
•
d 11.0 Η
L1>6H
L2^3H
1
\/~rc
= =
K.21
I ι
+ x) = - 6 8 ,
Ί
The
60V
1
I
rate
c
is
K.22
is
current
•
a 10 A s " 1
•
b 15 A s " 1
•
c 20 A s " 1
•
d 30 A s "
growth
in
LI
in
In Q u e s t i o n K . 2 0 the rate of current g r o w t h
in L 2 is
JC
of
1
Q u e s t i o n K . 2 0 is
•
a 10
1
As"1
As"1
As"1
•
b 20
•
c 30
•
d 50 A s "
In Q u e s t i o n K . 2 0 the rate of current g r o w t h
1
in L 3 is
•
a (68 + 4y)/4
•
a 20 A s " 1
•
b (68 - 4;y)/4
•
b 30 A s " 1
•
c (68y + 4)/4
•
c 40 A s " 1
d (68y - 4)/4
•
d 50 A s "
•
L3^2H
/f\ /
210V
lOOuF
r^J
60Hz
In Q u e s t i o n K . 1 4 the current / is
•
•
is
In Q u e s t i o n K . 1 4 the current I
•
circuit.
K.23
K.17
χ
a 2
•
Ψ
K.16
If 3JC = 2 1 8 7 ,
Ten cycles of a voltage w a v e f o r m o c c u r in
T h e current I
K.15
12
3
1 2 0 ° expressed in radians is
1.0 m s . T h e frequency is
K.14
In Q u e s t i o n K . 1 7 , if χ = 5, y is
•
Appendix Κ
K.24
In Q u e s t i o n K . 2 0 the total rate of current
1
g r o w t h is
K.25
A n a m m e t e r reads 5.61 A w h e n the true
r e a d i n g is 5.5 A . T h e p e r c e n t a g e error is
• a 0.5%
•
•
•
K.26
(3 +
•
•
•
•
In Q u e s t i o n K . 2 7 the total circuit resistance
is
• a 240 Ω
• b 340 Ω
• c 354 Ω
• d 384 Ω
K.31
In Q u e s t i o n K . 2 7 the v o l t a g e across L I is
• a 12 V
• ft 16 V
• c 32 V
• d 48 V
K.32
In Q u e s t i o n K . 2 7 the voltage across L 3 is
• a 16 V
• ft 3 2 V
• c 48 V
b 1.0%
c 2.0%
d 2.2%
j5)
a
ft
c
d
X (2 - j) is
5 - j6
11 + jl
4 - β
12 + j 2
•
K.33
K.27
T h e d i a g r a m s h o w s three l a m p s c o n n e c t e d
in series. T h e current / is
• a 0.15 A
• ft 0.25 A
• c 0.55 A
•
LI
L2
L3
4^7*^^^
±
96
V
ft 0.25
c 1
d 4
In the n e t w o r k s h o w n ,
b e t w e e n A a n d Β is
• a 100 Ω
• ft 125 Ω
•
•
I
d 60 V
(1/4)° is
• a 0
•
•
•
K.34
d 0.75 A
K.29
T h e resistance of l a m p L I in Q u e s t i o n K . 2 7
is
• a 10 Ω
• ft 16 Ω
• c 32 Ω
• d 64 Ω
In Q u e s t i o n
• a 100
• ft 120
• c 128
• d 150
K . 2 7 the resistance of L 2 is
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
the
resistance
c 130 Ω
d 170 Ω
60R
K.28
187
K.30
As"1
As"1
As"1
As"
• a 10
• ft 2 0
• c 50
• d 60
Sample test paper
70R
25R
B
— ι — P H — μ - Ρ
15R
K.35
30R
In Q u e s t i o n K . 3 4 , if a short circuit is placed
b e t w e e n C a n d D , the resistance b e t w e e n A
a n d Β is
• a 60 Ω
• ft 7 5 Ω
• c 80 Ω
• d 95 Ω
188
Appendix Κ
K.36
Sample test paper
In Q u e s t i o n K . 3 4 the resistance b e t w e e n C
a n d D is
K.42
•
•
a 100 Ω
ft 105 Ω
•
b 580
•
c 678
•
•
c 125 Ω
d 185 Ω
•
d
K.43
K.37
In Q u e s t i o n K . 3 4 , if a short circuit is p l a c e d
b e t w e e n A and B , the resistance b e t w e e n C
and D is
•
•
•
•
K.38
a
b
c
d
105.65
118.75
140.25
150.55
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
•
•
c
d
ratio
K.40
1:16
3
ratio
of
d 78.8 Ω
K.45
T h e resistor in Q u e s t i o n K . 4 4 h a s an u p p e r
value of
• a 88.6 Ω
• b 90.2 Ω
• c 92.2 Ω
• d 93.4 Ω
K.46
In the n e t w o r k s h o w n ,
b e t w e e n A and Β is
1:16
3
V27 X V27 X V27 is
• a 3
• a 21
• ft 2 8
• c 30
• d 60
b 6
c 9
d 27
•
•
•
AB
CF
AA
CB
a
b
c
d
A n 8 2 - Ω ± 1 0 % resistor has a l o w e r limit
value of
• a 72.2 Ω
• b 72.4 Ω
• c 73.8 Ω
•
-9
-12
A voltage output/input
e x p r e s s e d in decibels is
• a +18
• b +6
• c -24
• d -30
3
of
956
B i n a r y 11001111 c o n v e r t e d to h e x a d e c i m a l
is
•
•
•
•
K.44
A p o w e r output/input
e x p r e s s e d in decibels is
• a +12
• b +3
K.39
H e x a d e c i m a l 3 B C c o n v e r t e d to denary is
• a 462
the
resistance
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
60R
K.41
F o r the gate c o m b i n a t i o n s h o w n ,
input gives a logic 1 o u t p u t ?
• a 00
• b 01
• c 10
• d 11
A
s
1
1
O -
' Γ
*<
which
I
J
g
1
rl
K.47
h
40R
H
aiov
46R
J
1
[
In Q u e s t i o n K . 4 6 the current Ι is
λ
• a 3 A
• ft 8 A
•
•
c 12 A
J 15 A
Appendix Κ
K.48
In Q u e s t i o n K . 4 6 the current I is
2
• a 3 A
• b 1 A
• c 14 A
•
K.49
d 21 A
In the n e t w o r k in Q u e s t i o n K . 4 6 the input
p o w e r is
•
a 630 W
•
•
•
b 1470 W
c 2000 W
d 2100 W
K.50
Sample test paper
189
In Q u e s t i o n K . 4 6 the p o w e r c o n s u m e d by
the 4 0 R resistor is
• a 129.6 W
• b 138.4 W
•
•
c 182.2 W
d 206.2 W
Appendix L
Symbols, abbreviations and definitions
Multiples and submultiples
G r e e k letters u s e d as s y m b o l s
12
Letter
Upper case
α
Alpha
Delta
Epsilon
Δ
large i n c r e m e n t
Φ
Ω
m a g n e t i c flux
ohm
angle, t e m p e r a t u r e coefficient
of resistance
θ
λ
small i n c r e m e n t
permittivity
angle
wavelength
μ
ττ
micro, permeability
circumference/diameter
Ρ
Φ
ω
resistivity
angle
angular velocity
δ
e
Theta
Lambda
Mu
Pi
Rho
Phi
Omega
Lower case
Miscellaneous
Quantity
Unit
Length
2
Metre (m)
- 1
Square metre ( m )
2
Metres per second ( m s )
M e t r e s p e r s e c o n d p e r s e c o n d ( m s~ )
K i l o g r a m (kg)
N e w t o n (N)
P a s c a l (Pa)
Area
Velocity
Acceleration
Mass
Force
Pressure
Τ
tera
G
M
k
giga
mega
kilo
deci
centi
d
c
m
μ
n
milli
micro
nano
P
pico
1 09
106
103
10 1
10" 2
Ι Ο "3
io-6
KT9
i o - 12
io-
Appendix L
Symbols, abbreviations and definitions
Table of quantities a n d units
Quantity
Unit
C a p a c i t a n c e (Q
C h a r g e or quantity of electricity (Q)
Current (I)
Electric field strength (E)
F a r a d (F)
C o u l o m b (C)
A m p e r e (A)
Milliampere (mA)
- 1
M i c r o a m p e r e (μα)
Volts p e r m e t r e ( V m )
E l e c t r o m o t i v e force (E)
E n e r g y (W)
Flux density, electric (D)
F o r c e (F)
F r e q u e n c y (f)
I m p e d a n c e (Z)
I n d u c t a n c e , self (L) /.
Inductance, m u t u a l (M)
M a g n e t i c field strength (H)
M a g n e t i c flux ( Φ )
Volt (V)
2
J o u l e (J)
C o u l o m b s p e r square m e t r e (C m ~ )
Newton (N)
Hertz (Hz)
O h m (Ω)
H e n r y (H)
- 1
Henry (H)
Ampere per metre ( A m )
Weber (Wb)
M a g n e t i c flux density (B)
M a g n e t o m o t i v e force (F)
Permeability of free space ( μ 0)
Permeability, relative ( μ Γ )
Permeability, absolute ( μ )
Permittivity of free s p a c e ( € )
0
Permittivity, relative (er)
Permittivity, absolute (e)
P o w e r (P)
R e a c t a n c e (X)
R e l u c t a n c e (R )
m
Resistance (R)
Resistivity (p)
T i m e (t)
Wavelength (λ)
Tesla (T)
- 1
Ampere (A)
Henry per metre ( H m )
- 2
H e n r y p e r m e t r e ( H m )2
Farad per metre (F m )
- 1
Farad per metre ( F m )
Watt ( W )
- 1
Ohm (il)
Ampere per weber ( A W b )
- 2
O h m (Ω)
O h m per metre (Ω m )
S e c o n d (s)
Metre (m)
Appendix M
BS 1852 resistance code
T h e table gives e x a m p l e s s h o w i n g h o w the c o d e is
used to indicate resistance values o n circuit
diagrams
Value
B S 1852 c o d e
100 Ω
1.2 k Ω
0.47 Ω
1 kΩ
1.2 Μ Ω
100R
lk2
R47
IkO
1M2
Tolerances are indicated b y letters:
F = ± 1 %;
Κ = ± 10%;
G = ± 2%;
M = ± 20%.
Examples:
3.9 k Ω ± 1 0 % = 3 k 9 K
0.47 Ω ± 2 % = R 4 7 G
1.2 Μ Ω ± 1% = 1 M 2 F
68 k Ω ± 10% = 68kK
J = ± 5%;
Answers to questions
Chapter 3
Chapter 1
1.1 c
1.7 b
1.13 d
1.19 b
1.25
1.31
1.37
1.43
1.49
1.55
1.61
1.67
c
b
a
c
a
b
d
c
1.73 a
1.2 a
1.8 b
1.14 c
1.20
1.26
1.32
1.38
1.44
c
c
c
d
b
1.50
1.56
1.62
1.68
1.74
b
d
a
b
c
1.3 c
1.9 b
1.15 b
1.21c
1.27 b
1.33 b
1.39 b
1.45 a
1.51c
1.57 c
1.63 d
1.69 d
1.75 b
1.4 c
1.10 d
1.16 c
1.22 b
1.28 a
1.34 d
1.40 d
1.46 d
1.52 d
1.58 b
1.64 b
1.70 b
1.5 b
1.6 b
1.11a 1 . 1 2 b
1.17 c
1.18 c
1.23 d
1.24 a
1.29 c
1.30 b
1.35 a
1.36 d
1.41b
1.42 b
1.47 d
1.48 b
1.53 c
1.54 d
1.59 d
1.60 a
1.65 a
1.66 b
1.71c
1.72 d
3.31 a
3.37 c
3.43
3.49
3.55
3.61
3.67
d
d
b
d
a
3.73 d
3.2 c
3.8 d
3.14 c
3.20 d
3.26 b
3.32 c
3.38 d
3.44 c
3.50 c
3.56 c
3.62 a
3.68 d
3.74 b
3.3 a
3.9 b
3.15 d
3.21 c
3.27 c
3.33 a
3.39 d
3.45 b
3.51c
3.57 a
3.63 a
3.69 b
3.75 d
3.4 b
3.10 c
3.16 b
3.22 d
3.28 b
3.34 d
3.40 c
3.46 d
3.52 a
3 58 b
3.64 b
3.70 a
3.5 a
3.11b
3.17 a
3.23 a
3.29 a
3.35 c
3.41 b
3.47 a
3.53 d
3.59 d
3.65 d
3.71 c
3.6 b
3.12 d
3.18 c
3.24 d
3.30 c
3.36 a
3.42 a
3.48 b
3.54 c
3.60 c
3.66 c
3.72 a
4.3 c
4.9 c
4.15 c
4.21 a
4.27 a
4.33 a
4.39 b
4.45 b
4.51b
4.57 b
4.63 b
4.69 d
4.75 a
4.4 d
4.10 c
4.16 b
4.22 d
4.28 c
4.34 b
4.40 c
4.46 d
4.52 d
4.58 c
4.64 a
4.70 b
4.5 b
4.11b
4.17 d
4.23 c
4.29 b
4.35 d
4.41 a
4.47 a
4.53 b
4.59 a
4.65 d
4.71 c
4.6 d
4.12 d
4.18 b
4.24 c
4.30 c
4.36 c
4.42 c
4.48 b
4.54 a
4.60 b
4.66 a
4.72 b
Chapter 4
Chapter 2
2.1 d
2.7 d
2.13 d
2.2 c
2.8 a
2.14 c
2.19
2.25
2.31
2.37
d
b
d
d
2.20 d
2.26 c
2.43
2.49
2.55
2.61
2.67
2.73
d
b
c
a
c
d
2.32 c
2.38
2.44
2.50
2.56
2.62
2.68
2.74
3.1 b
3.7 d
3.13 a
3.19 c
3.25 d
a
d
a
d
d
a
c
2.3 a
2.9 b
2.15 a
2.21 c
2.27 a
2.33 a
2.39 d
2.45 a
2 51c
2.57 a
2.63 d
2.69 b
2.75 d
2.4 b
2.10 a
2.16 a
2.22 b
2.28 d
2.34 b
2.40 b
2.46 d
2.52 d
2.58 d
2.64 b
2.70 d
2.5 c
2.11 d
2.17 a
2.23 d
2.29 b
2.35 c
2.41 a
2.47 b
2.53 b
2.59 d
2.65 d
2.71 d
2.6 b
2.12 b
2.18 d
2.24 a
2.30 a
2.36 c
2.42 c
2.48 c
2.54 b
2.60 b
2.66 d
2.72 a
4.1 d
4.7 b
4.13 c
4.19 b
4.25 b
4.31 a
4.37 a
4.43
4.49
4.55
4.61
4.67
c
d
d
c
b
4.73 a
4.2 a
4.8 b
4.14 a
4.20 c
4.26 c
4.32 d
4.38
4.44
4.50
4.56
4.62
4.68
4.74
d
d
c
d
b
a
c
194
Answers
Chapter 5
5.1 c
5.7 d
5.13
5.19
5.25
5.31
5.37
5.43
5.49
d
a
a
a
b
d
c
5.55 b
5.61 d
5.67 a
5.73 d
Chapter 8
5.2 d
5.8 a
5.14 b
5.20 b
5.26 d
5.32 b
5.38 d
5.44 b
5.50 d
5.56
5.62
5.68
5.74
a
a
c
c
5.3 a
5.9 c
5.15 c
5.21 d
5.27 c
5.33 c
5.39 d
5.45 b
5.51 c
5.57 b
5.63 b
5.69 a
5.75 b
5.4 c
5.10 b
5.16 a
5.22 c
5.28 d
5.34 a
5.40 a
5.46 d
5.52 b
5.58 b
5.64 d
5.70 c
5.5 c
5.11 a
5.17 b
5.23 a
5.29 b
5.35 c
5.41 b
5.47 a
5.53 a
5.59 d
5.65 c
5.71 d
5.6 b
5.12 c
5.18 c
5.24 c
5.30 b
5.36 d
5.42 a
5.48 c
5.54 d
5.60 c
5.66 d
5.72 a
Chapter 6
6.1 b
6.7 d
6.13 a
6.19 d
6.25 b
6.31
6.37
6.43
6.49
6.55
b
d
d
a
a
6.61 c
6.67 c
6.73 c
a
d
c
b
d
c
6.56 d
6.62 d
6.68 b
6.74 d
6.3 b
6.9 d
6.15 d
6.21 c
6.27 a
6.33 d
6.39 a
6.45 b
6.51 c
6.57 b
6.63 b
6.69 d
6.75 b
6.4 c
6.10 c
6.16 b
6.22 a
6.28 c
6.34 a
6.40 c
6.46 b
6.52 d
6.58 c
6.64 b
6.70 b
6.5 a
6.11c
6.17 c
6.23 c
6.29 b
6.35 b
6.41 d
6.47 c
6.53 b
6.59 a
6.65 d
6.71 d
6.6 c
6.12 d
6.18 a
6.24 b
6.30 d
6.36 a
6.42 a
6.48 d
6.54 a
6.60 a
6.66 a
6.72 a
8.19
8.25
8.31
8.37
8.43
8.49
8.55
8.61
8.67
8.73
8.20
8.26
8.32
8.38
8.44
8.50
8.56
8.62
8.68
8.74
a
b
a
d
b
a
a
d
d
a
7.2 d
7.8 a
7.14 c
7.20 d
7.26 c
7.32 a
7.38 b
7.44 d
7.50 c
7.56 c
7.62 b
7.68 b
7.74 d
9.1 d
9.7 d
9.13
9.19
9.25
9.31
9.37
9.43
9.49
9.55
c
d
b
c
a
a
c
b
9.61 b
9.67 d
9.73 d
Chapter 7
7.1 a
7.7 d
7.13 a
7.19 d
7.25 b
7.31 b
7.37 d
7.43 b
7.49 b
7.55 b
7.61 d
7.67 c
7.73 c
8.2 a
8.8 b
8.14 b
b
b
b
c
a
c
c
c
b
d
8.3 d
8.9 c
8.15 d
8.21 b
8.27 c
8.33 c
8.39 d
8.45 a
8.51b
8.57 b
8.63 b
8.69 b
8.75 b
8.4 b
8.10 d
8.16 c
8.22 d
8.28 d
8.34 b
8.40 c
8.46 d
8.52 c
8.58 c
8.64 a
8.70 a
8.5 b
8.11a
8.17 c
8.23 d
8.29 a
8.35 d
8.41 b
8.47 c
8.53 d
8.59 a
8.65 d
8.71c
8.6 a
8.12 c
8.18 d
8.24 a
8.30 d
8.36 b
8.42 d
8.48 b
8.54 d
8.60 c
8.66 a
8.72 b
9.3 b
9.9 d
9.15 a
9.21 c
9.27 d
9.4 a
9.10 c
9.16 d
9.22 d
9.28 c
9.34 d
9.40 d
9.46 b
9.52 b
9.58 c
9.64 c
9.70 b
9.5 b
9.11b
9.17 b
9.23 c
9.29 b
9.35 b
9.41 a
9.47 c
9.53 c
9.59 a
9.65 c
9.71 c
9.6 a
9.12 a
9.18 a
9.24 a
9.30 a
9.36 c
9.42 c
9.48 a
9.54 d
9.60 d
9.66 b
9.72 c
10.4 a
10.10 c
10.16 b
10.22 d
10.28 b
10.34 a
10.40 c
10.46 d
10.52 a
10.58 d
10.64 b
10.70 c
10.5 c
10.11 d
10.17 c
10.23 b
10.29 d
10.35 c
10.41 d
10.47 b
10.53 c
10.59 b
10.65 a
10.71 d
10.6 a
10.12 a
10.18 b
10.24 d
10.30 b
10.36 d
10.42 b
10.48 c
10.54 b
10.60 c
10.66 b
10.72 a
Chapter 9
6.2 d
6.8 a
6.14 c
6.20
6.26
6.32
6.38
6.44
6.50
8.1c
8.7 d
8.13 a
9.2 b
9.8 b
9.14 c
9.20 b
9.26 a
9.32 a
9.38 d
9.44 d
9.50
9.56
9.62
9.68
9.74
c
a
a
d
b
9.33
9.39
9.45
9.51
9.57
b
b
b
a
b
9.63 d
9.69 a
9.75 a
C h a p t e r 10
7.3 b
7.9 b
7.15 d
7.21 a
7.27 a
7.33 c
7.39 c
7.45 a
7.51 a
7.57 c
7.63 c
7.69 b
7.75 c
7.4 c
7.10 c
7.16 d
7.22 b
7.28 d
7.34 b
7.40 a
7.46 c
7.52 d
7.58 d
7.64 a
7.70 c
7.5 d
7.11b
7.17 b
7.23 c
7.29 b
7.35 a
7.41 b
7.47 d
7.53 b
7.59 b
7.65 a
7.71 d
7.6 c
7.12 d
7.18 c
7.24 d
7.30 c
7.36 c
7.42 c
7.48 a
7.54 d
7.60 a
7.66 a
7.72 a
10.1 d
10.7 b
10.13 b
10.19 d
10.25 b
10.31 d
10.37 a
10.43 a
10.49 a
10.55 a
10.61 a
10.67 d
10.73 c
10.2 b
10.8 d
10.14 c
10.20 a
10.26 a
10.32 b
10.38 d
10.44 c
10.50 b
10.56 b
10.62 c
10.68 a
10.74 c
10.3 c
10.9 b
10.15 d
10.21 c
10.27 c
10.33 c
10.39 b
10.45 a
10.51 d
10.57 c
10.63 d
10.69 b
10.75 b
Answers
C h a p t e r 11
11.1 a
11.7 a
11.13 b
11.19c
11.25 b
11.31 c
11.37 a
11.43
11.49
11.55
11.61
11.67
a
d
d
a
c
11.73 d
C h a p t e r 14
11 .2 b
11 .8 d
11 . 1 4 c
11 . 2 0
11 . 2 6
11 . 3 2
11 . 3 8
11 . 4 4
11 . 5 0
11 . 5 6
a
d
d
b
d
b
b
11 . 6 2 c
11 . 6 8 c
11 . 7 4 b
11.3 b
11.9 b
11.15 d
11.21 d
11.27 a
11 3 3
11.39
11.45
11.51
11.57
a
d
a
b
b
11.63 d
11.69 d
11.75 a
11 .4 d
11 . 1 0 c
11 . 1 6 a
11 . 2 2 a
11 .5 c
11 .11 a
11 . 1 7 a
11 .6 b
11 . 1 2 d
11 . 1 8 b
14.1 b
14.7 c
11 . 2 8 b
11 . 3 4 b
11 . 4 0 c
11 . 2 3
11 . 2 9
11 . 3 5
11 . 4 1
c
a
d
b
11 . 2 4
11 . 3 0
11 . 3 6
11 4 2
a
c
14.19
14.25
14.31
14.37
11 . 4 6
11 . 5 2
11 . 5 8
11 . 6 4
11 . 7 0
11 . 4 7
11 . 5 3
11 . 5 9
11 . 6 5
11 . 7 1
c
11 . 4 8
11 . 5 4
11 . 6 0
11 . 6 6
11 . 7 2
d
c
c
b
c
d
b
a
a
b
d
b
b
c
a
a
12.13
12.19
12 25
12.31
12.37
c
d
b
d
b
12.43 d
12.49 a
12.55 d
12.61 c
12.67 c
12.73 a
12.2 c
12.8 c
12 14 d
12.20 b
12.26 c
12.32 b
12.38 d
12.44 b
12.50 c
12.56 d
12.62 a
12.68 a
12.74 b
14.43 b
14.49 b
14.55 a
14.61 b
14.67 d
14.8 a
14.14 a
14.20 a
14.26 a
14.32 b
14.38 b
14.44 c
14.50 b
14.56 a
14.62 a
14.68 c
14.74 c
14 3 c
14.9 d
14.15 d
14.21 c
14.27 d
14.33 c
14.39 c
14.45 a
14.51a
14.57 d
14.63 d
14.69 a
14.75 b
14.4 b
14.10 a
14.16 c
14.22 b
14.28 d
14.34 a
14.40 c
14.46 b
14.52 d
14.58 b
14.64 c
14.70 c
14.5 a
14.11c
14.17 c
14.23 c
14.29 c
14.35 c
14.41 d
14.47 d
14.53 b
14.59 b
14.65 c
14.71b
14.6 c
14.12 b
14.18 d
14.24 b
14.30 b
14.36 d
14.42 a
14.48 c
14.54 c
14.60 d
14.66 b
14.72 d
12.3 d
12.9 a
12.15 b
12.21 a
12.27 d
12.33 c
12.39 b
12.45 c
12.51a
12.57 a
12.63 b
11.69 a
12.75 c
12.4 d
12.10 c
12.16 a
12.22 c
12.28 b
12.34 a
12.40 a
12.46 d
12.52 d
12.58 c
12.64 c
12.70 d
11.5 b
12.11b
12.17 c
12.23 d
12.29 a
12.35 b
12.41 c
12.47 a
12.53 b
12.59 b
12.65 d
12.71 b
12.6 d
12.12 d
12.18 a
12.24 b
12.30 c
12.36 b
12.42 c
12.48 a
12.54 c
12.60 d
12.66 b
12.72 c
15.1 c
15.7 a
15.13 a
15.19 c
15.25 b
15.31 d
15.37 b
15.43 a
15.49 a
15.55 a
15.61 a
15.67 c
15.73 c
15.2 b
15.8 b
15 14 d
15.3 a
15.9 b
15.15 b
15.21 a
15.27 c
15.33 b
15.39 a
15.45 c
15.51b
15.57 d
15.63 a
15.69 b
15.75 d
15.4 d
15.10 d
14.16 b
15.22 b
15,28 a
15.34 a
15.40 c
14.46 d
15.52 b
15.58 a
15.64 c
15.70 c
15.5 c
15.11c
15.17 d
15.23 d
15.29 d
15.35 c
15.41 d
15.47 b
15.53 d
15.59 c
15.65 d
15.71 d
15.6 c
15 12 c
15.18 b
15.24 a
15.30 b
15.36 b
15.42 b
15.48 c
15.54 c
15.60 b
15.66 a
15.72 d
15.20 d
15.26 a
15 3 2 c
15.38 d
15.44 b
15.50 c
15.56 c
15.62 b
15.68 a
15.74 a
16.3 d
16.9 b
16.15 a
16.21 a
16.27 b
16.33 b
16.39 c
16.45 a
16.51c
16.57 c
16.63 b
16.69 c
16.75 a
16.4 b
16.10 d
16.16 d
16.22 b
16.28 c
16.34 b
16.40 b
16.46 c
16.52 b
16.58 b
16.64 d
16.70 b
16.5 c
16.11a
16.17 b
16.23 d
16.29 d
16.35 d
16.41 d
16.47 b
16.53 a
16.59 c
16.65 b
16.71 d
16.6 d
16.12 c
16.18 a
16.24 a
16.30 a
16.36 a
16.42 c
16.48 a
16.54 c
16.60 a
16.66 c
16.72 b
C h a p t e r 16
13.2 c
13,8 c
13 14 d
13.20 a
13.26 b
13.32 b
13.38
13.44
13.50
13.56
13.62
13.68
13.74
c
d
a
b
14.2 d
C h a p t e r 15
C h a p t e r 13
13.1 d
13.7 a
13.13 c
13.19 c
13.25 d
13.31 d
13.37 d
13.43 b
13.49 c
13.55 c
13.61 b
13.67 c
13.73 b
14.13 c
14.73 a
C h a p t e r 12
12.1 a
12.7 a
195
b
c
d
a
c
d
c
13.3 a
13.9 c
13 15 b
13.21 d
13.27 b
13.33 d
13.39 a
13.45 d
13.51a
13.57 b
13.63 b
13.69 d
13.75 a
13.4 c
13.10 a
13 16 a
13.22 b
13.28 c
13.34 b
13.40 a
13.46 c
13.52 c
13.58 b
13.64 a
13.70 a
13.5 b
13.11 c
13.17 b
13.23 d
13.29 d
13.35 a
13.41 c
13.47 b
13.53 b
13.59 d
13.65 c
13.71 c
13.6 d
13.12 a
13.18 b
13.24 d
13.30 c
13.36 b
13.42 d
13.48 d
13.54 b
13.60 a
13.66 b
13.72 d
16.1 c
16.7 c
16.13
16.19
16.25
16.31
16.37
16.43
16.49
16.55
16.61
16.67
16.73
c
c
c
c
d
b
c
c
b
d
a
16.2 a
16.8 a
16.14 b
16.20 b
16.26 d
16.32 d
16.38 b
16.44 d
16.50 d
16.56 d
16.62 d
16.68 a
16.74 d
196
Answers
C h a p t e r 17
17.1 d
17.7 c
17.13
17.19
17.25
17.31
17.37
c
a
b
a
b
17.43 c
17.49 c
17.55 a
17.61 c
17.67 d
17.73 d
C h a p t e r 19
17.2 c
17 8 b
17.14 a
17.20 d
17.26 d
17.32 b
17.38 a
17.44 d
17.50 a
17.56 c
17.62 a
17.68 a
17.74 b
17.3 a
17.9 b
17.15 c
17.21 a
17.27 a
17.33 a
17.39 d
17.45 b
17.51b
17.57 b
17.63 a
17.69 b
17.75a
17.4 a
17.10 a
17.16 a
17.22 b
17.28 c
17.34 d
17.40 a
17.46 b
17.52 c
17.58 b
17.64 c
17.70 c
17.5 b
17.11 d
17.17 d
17.23 a
17.29 b
17.35 c
17.41 a
17.47 a
17.53 d
17.59 c
17.65 c
17.71 d
17.6 d
17.12 c
17.18 c
17.24 c
17.30 b
17.36 b
17.42 c
17.48 d
17.54 a
17.60 d
17.66 b
17.72 c
18.13
18.19
18.25
18.31
18.37
b
d
b
c
b
18.43 b
18.49
18.55
18.61
18.67
a
a
d
d
18.73 a
19.19 c
19.25 a
19.20 a
19.26 b
19.31 c
19.37 c
19.32
19.38
19.44
19.50
19.56
19.43 c
19.49 c
19.55 b
19.61 a
19.67 c
d
a
c
d
d
19.62 d
19.68 a
19.74 b
19.3 b
19.9 a
19.15 d
19.21 b
19.27 a
19.33 b
19.39 d
19.45 a
19.51b
19.57 c
19.63 c
19.69 b
19.75 d
19.4 d
19.10 c
19.16 a
19.22 d
19.28 d
19.34 b
19.40 b
19.46 d
19.52 a
19.58 b
19.64 a
19.70 c
19.5 b
19.11c
19.17 c
19.23 c
19.29 b
19.35 a
19.41 d
19.47 b
19.53 c
19.59 d
19.65 d
19.71b
19.6 c
19.12 d
19.18 d
19.24 b
19.30 b
19.36 b
19.42 a
19.48 d
19.54 a
19.60 b
19.66 c
19.72 d
20.3 b
20.9 b
20.15 b
20.21 c
20.27 a
20.33 d
20.39 b
20.45 a
20.51b
20.57 a
20.63 a
20.69 c
20.75 b
20.4 c
20.10 a
20.16 d
20.22 d
20.28 b
20.34 a
20.40 a
20.46 d
20.52 b
20.58 c
20.64 b
20.70 a
20.5 a
20.11c
20.17 a
20.23 a
20.29 d
20.35 a
20.41 c
20.47 b
20.53 c
20.59 b
20.65 d
20.71 b
20.6 c
20.12 c
20.18 c
20.24 c
20.30 c
20.36 b
20.42 b
20.48 d
20.54 a
20.60 d
20.66 a
20.72 a
Chapter 20
18.2 d
18.8 c
18.14 c
18.20 c
18.26
18.32
18.38
18.44
19.13 d
19.2 b
19.8 d
19.14 c
19.73 a
C h a p t e r 18
18.1 c
18.7 b
19.1 d
19.7 b
a
c
c
a
18.50 c
18.56 d
18.62 b
18.68 b
18.74 b
18.3 a
18.9 a
18.15 a
18.21b
18.27 b
18.33 a
18.39 d
18.45 b
18.51a
18.57 c
18.63 c
18.69 c
18.75 d
18.4 d
18.10 c
18.16 c
18.22 a
18.28 b
18.34 d
18.40 b
18.46 d
18.52 b
18.58 a
18.64 c
18.70 c
18.5 d
19.11b
18.17 b
18.23 c
18.29 d
18.35 c
18.41c
18.47 b
18.53 b
18.59 c
18.65 a
18.71b
18.6 b
18.12 d
18.18 a
18.24 d
18.30 a
18.36 c
18.42 d
18.48 c
18.54 c
18.60 b
18.66 d
18.72 d
20.1 a
20.7 d
20.13 d
20.19 c
20.25 b
20.31 b
20.37 d
20.43 d
20.49
20.55
20.61
20.67
c
d
b
c
20.73 d
20.2 d
20.8 b
20.14 a
20.20
20.26
20.32
20.38
20.44
a
d
c
c
c
20.50 a
20.56 d
20.62 b
20.68 d
20.74 d
Answers
Appendix A
197
Appendix £
A.l c
A.7c
A.13b
A . 2 d A . 3 b A.4 d
A . 8 c A . 9 a A.10 b
A.14c
A.15c
A.16 c
A.5 b
A.ll c
A.17 c
A.6 d
A.12 b
A.18 a
E.l d
E.7 a
E.13 c
E.2 c
E.8 d
E.14 d
E.3 d
E.9 d
E.15 d
E.4 d
E.IO b
E.16 a
E.5 b
E.ll b
E.17 b
E.6 c
E.12 a
E.18 d
A. 19 b
A.25c
A.31 b
A.37 b
A.20d
A.26d
A.32a
A.38 c
A.21
A.27
A.33
A.39
A.23
A.29
A.35
A.41
A.24
A.30
A.36
A.42
E.l9
E.25
E.31
E.37
E.20
E.26
E.32
E.38
E.21
E.27
E.33
E.39
E.22
E.28
E.34
E.40
E.23
E.29
E.35
E.41
E.24
E.30
E.36
E.42
A.43 c
A.49c
A.44 d
A.50d
A.45 a
c
d
c
c
A.22
A.28
A.34
A.40
a
c
b
a
A.46 b
d
c
b
b
A.47 b
d
c
c
c
A.48 d
Appendix Β
b
c
b
a
E.43 a
E.49 b
d
b
c
b
E.44 c
E.50 c
d
c
d
c
E.45 b
b
a
d
d
E.46 c
d
c
c
b
E.47 a
b
c
b
d
E.48 a
Appendix F
B.l a
B . 2 a B.3 d
B.5 a
B.6 d
F.l c
F.2 c
F.3 b
F.4 d
F.5 a
F.6 a
B.7c
B.13c
B.19c
B . 8 c B . 9 c B.IO d
B.14d
B.15c
B.16 b
B.20b
B.21 a
B.22 c
B.ll a
B.17 a
B.23 b
B.12 b
B.18 d
B.24 d
F.7 b
F.13 c
F.19 d
F.8 a
F14 b
F.20 c
F.9 c
F.15 d
F.21 b
F.IO b
F.16 b
F.22 a
F l i c
F.17 c
F.23 b
F.12 d
F.18 b
F.24 b
B.25a
B.31 d
B.37 c
B.43a
B.49b
B.26a
B.32c
B.38 b
B.44d
B.50a
B.29
B.35
B.41
B.47
B.30
B.36
B.42
B.48
F.25
F.31
F.37
F.43
F.49
F.26
F.32
F.38
F.44
F.50
F.27
F.33
F.39
F.45
F.28
F.34
F.40
F46
F.29
F.35
F.41
F.47
F.30
F.36
F42
F.48
B.27
B.33
B.39
B.45
c
a
a
b
B.4 b
B.28
B.34
B.40
B.46
d
d
b
c
c
c
d
c
b
b
c
b
Appendix C
Cl d
C.7c
d
c
b
c
b
c
a
a
d
d
b
a
b
c
d
c
a
b
a
d
c
c
d
b
d
d
Appendix G
C . 2 d C . 3 c C . 4 d C.5 b
C . 8 b C . 9 c C.lOa
C.ll c
C.6 c
C.12 b
G.l d
G.7 c
G.2 a
G.8 a
G.3 b
G.9 c
G.4 b
G.IO b
G.5 a
G.ll c
G.6 c
G.12 b
C.13d
C.14c
C.15d
C.16b
C.17 a
C.18 d
G.13 b
G.14c
G.15 d
G.16 a
G.17 c
G.18 d
C.19b
C.25 d
C.31 b
C.37b
C.43a
C.49a
C.20d
C.26 b
C.32c
C.38a
C.44d
C.50b
C.21 b
C.27 c
C.33d
C.39 d
C.45 c
C.22
C.28
C.34
C.40
C.46
C.23
C.29
C.35
C.41
C.47
C.24
C.30
C.36
C.42
C.48
G.19
G.25
G.31
G.37
G.43
G.49
G.20
G.26
G.32
G.38
G.44
G.50
G.21
G.27
G.33
G.39
G.45
G.22
G.28
G.34
G.40
G.46
G.23
G.29
G.35
G.41
G.47
G.24
G.30
G.36
G.42
G.48
c
b
b
c
c
b
c
c
d
b
a
d
a
c
c
Appendix D
D.l b
D.7d
D.13c
D.19c
D.25 d
D.31 a
D.37 c
D.43 b
D.49a
D . 2 b D . 3 b D.4 c
D . 8 a D.9 a
D.IO c
D.14a
D.15 d
D.16 a
D.20a
D.21 d
D.22 b
D.26 b
D.27 b
D.28 c
D.32c
D.33 a
D.34 d
D.38 d
D.39 a
D.40 d
D.44 d
D.45 b
D.46 c
D.50a
b
c
c
b
c
b
d
a
c
d
b
c
a
c
d
b
c
b
a
b
c
c
c
b
d
d
d
d
d
c
a
d
Appendix H
D.5 d
D.ll d
D.17 b
D.23 c
D.29 b
D.35 b
D.41 a
D.47 b
D.6 b
D.12 a
D.18 b
D.24 c
D.30 b
D.36 c
D.42 b
D.48 d
H.l b
H.7 c
H.13 d
H.19 a
H.25 d
H.31 b
H.37 d
H.43 b
H.49 c
H.2 a
H.8 a
H.14 a
H.20 a
H.26 b
H.32 a
H.38 b
H.44 c
H.50 b
H.3 a
H.9 d
H.15 b
H.21 d
H.27 b
H.33 c
H.39 d
H.45 d
H.4 b
H.10 b
H.16 b
H.22 c
H.28 a
H.34 d
H.40 c
H.46 b
H.5 d
H.ll c
H.17 d
H.23 a
H.29 a
H.35 a
H.41 b
H.47 c
H.6 b
H.12 c
H.18 d
H.24 c
H.30 c
H.36 c
H.42 a
H.48 d
198
Answers
Appendix Κ
Appendix J
J.l c
J.7a
J.13 a
J.19c
J.25 b
J.31 b
J.37 a
J.43 d
J.49 b
J.2 a
J.8 b
J.14c
J.20d
J.26b
J.32 a
J.38c
J.44d
J.50d
J.3 b
J.9d
J.4c
J.lOd
J.15 b
J.21 b
J.27 c
J.16 d
J.22c
J.33 b
J.39d
J.28 c
J.34a
J.40b
J.45 a
J.46c
J.5 a
J.l 1 b
J.6b
J.12 c
K.1 c
K.7 d
K.13 b
K.19 d
J.17 a
J.18 b
J.23 b
J.29a
J.24d
J.30d
J.35 c
J.41 c
J.36d
J.42 a
J.47 a
J.48 b
K.25 c
K.31 b
K.37 b
K.43 b
K.49d
K.4c
K.lOd
K.5 b
K.ll c
K.16d
K.22b
K.17 b
K.18 c
K.23 b
K.29 c
K.24d
K.30d
K.36c
K.42 d
K.48 b
K.2d
K.8 b
K.14 a
K.3 c
K.9 b
K.15 c
K.20 a
K.26b
K.21 a
K.27 b
K.32c
K.38 d
K.44c
K.50a
K.33 c
K.39c
K.28 d
K.34 a
K.40d
K.45 b
K.46 a
K.35 d
K.41 b
K.47 a
K.6c
K.12 a