How does meiosis contribute to evolution?
Meiosis plays a crucial role in evolution by introducing genetic variation and diversity
through the shuffling and recombination of genetic material. During meiosis,
homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic information through a
process called crossing over. This results in unique combinations of alleles that are
not present in either parent, leading to genetic diversity in offspring.
In addition to crossing over, meiosis also randomly separates and distributes
chromosomes during the formation of gametes, further increasing genetic diversity.
This random assortment of chromosomes can result in a vast number of different
combinations of alleles in offspring, increasing the potential for adaptation to
changing environments and natural selection.
Furthermore, errors or mutations that occur during meiosis can also contribute to
genetic diversity and evolution. Although most mutations are harmful, some
mutations can provide a selective advantage in certain environments, leading to the
proliferation of new traits.
Overall, meiosis contributes significantly to evolution by generating genetic diversity
and facilitating adaptation to changing environments through natural selection.
References:
Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. New York:
Garland Science; 2002. Section 22.3, Meiosis Generates Genetic Diversity in Four Ways.
Hartwell LH, Hood L, Goldberg ML, et al. Genetics: From Genes to Genomes. 3rd edition.
New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008. Chapter 4, Meiosis, Sex, and Genetic Diversity.