How does mRNA differ from DNA?
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA molecule found within cells that plays a
crucial role in protein synthesis. It carries genetic information from the DNA in the
nucleus of the cell to the ribosomes, the cellular machinery that assembles proteins
from amino acids. The DNA code is transcribed into mRNA, which is then
transported out of the nucleus to the ribosomes. Once there, the mRNA acts as a
template for the synthesis of a specific protein specified by the DNA code.
The main function of mRNA is to provide a template for the synthesis of proteins. It
carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated
into a protein. mRNA also plays a role in gene expression, allowing cells to regulate
which genes are expressed and when.
Unlike DNA, which contains genetic information in a double-stranded form, mRNA is
a single-stranded molecule. It also contains ribose sugar, unlike DNA’s deoxyribose
sugar, and the nitrogenous base uracil instead of thymine. mRNA is a relatively
short-lived molecule, with a half-life of only a few hours in most cells. This makes it
essential for rapid gene expression and allows cells to quickly respond to changes in
their environment.
In summary, mRNA is an essential molecule for protein synthesis, gene expression,
and rapid cellular response. Its unique structure and function allow it to play a crucial
role in the workings of living cells.
References:
- Lodish, H., Berk, A., Matsudaira, P., Kaiser, C. A., Krieger, M., Scott, M. P., ... & Zipursky,
S. L. (2000). Molecular Cell Biology. WH Freeman.
- Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., & Walter, P. (2002). Molecular
biology of the cell. Garland Science.