LPPMS THE 4 LAYERS OF LANGUAGE POLICY GROUP 1 WHAT ARE THE LAYERS OF LANGUAGE POLICY? Legislation and Political Processes Institutions State and Supranational Agencies Classroom Practitioners Legislation and Political Processes CRUZ, DE TOMAS, NUGUIT WHAT IS LEGISLATION? - Legislation refers to the preparation and enactment of laws by a legislative body through its lawmaking process. The legislative process includes evaluating, amending, and voting on proposed laws and is concerned with the words used in the bill to communicate the values, judgments, and purposes of the proposal. POLITICAL PROCESS - The process of the formulation and administration of public policy usually by the interaction between social groups and political institutions or between political leadership and public opinion EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 335 01 02 03 Signed by President Corazon Aquino on August 25, 1988 It enjoined all Departments, Bureau, Offices, Agencies, and Instrumentalities of the government to take such steps as are necessary for the purpose of using the Filipino language in official transactions, communications, and correspondence. It was issued on the belief that the use of Filipino in official transactions, communications and correspondence in government offices will result to a greater understanding and appreciation of government programs, projects and activities throughout the country, thereby serving as an instrument of unity and peace for national progress. ALL DEPARTMENTS, BUREAUS, OFFICES, AGENCIES, INSTRUMENTALITIES OF THE GOVERNMENT ARE ENJOINED TO DO THE FOLLOWING: A.) Take steps to enhance the use of Filipino in official communications, transactions and correspondence in their respective offices, whether national or local; B.) Assign one or more personnel, as maybe necessary, in every office to take charge of communications and correspondence written in Filipino; C.) Translate into Filipino names of offices, buildings, public edifices, and signboards of all offices, divisions or its instrumentalities, and if so desired, imprint below in smaller letters the English text; D.) Filipinize the "Oath of Office" for government officials and personnel; and E.) Take as part of the training programs for personnel development in each office proficiency in the use of Filipino in official communications and correspondence. STATE AND SUPRANATIONAL AGENCIES WHAT IS STATE AND SUPRANATIONAL AGENCIES? STATE A government or state agency, sometimes an appointed commission, is a permanent or semi-permanent organization in the machinery of government that is responsible for the oversight and administration of specific functions, such as an administration. There is a notable variety of agency types. SUPRANATIONAL AGENCIES A supranational organization is a multinational union or association in which member countries cede authority and sovereignty on at least some internal matters to the group, whose decisions are binding on its members. In short, member states share in decision making on matters that will affect each country's citizens. STATE AGENCY'S LANGUAGE POLICY • State agencies often have language policies in place to ensure that their communication with the public is clear and effective. These policies may include guidelines on the use of language in written and oral communication, as well as requirements for translation and interpretation services for individuals who do not speak the agency's primary language. • Overall, state agency language policies are designed to ensure that communication with the public is clear, effective, and accessible to all individuals, regardless of their language abilities or background. SUPRANATIONAL AGENCIES' LANGUAGE POLICY • The languages spoken in EU countries are an important part of its cultural heritage. This is why the EU promotes multilingualism in its programs and in the work of its institutions. • EU’s Charter of Fundamental Rights: EU nationals have the right to use any of the 24 official languages to communicate with the EU institutions, and the institutions must reply in the same language. INSTITUTIONS What is Institution? • it is a society or organization founded for a religious, educational, social; or similar purpose. • an established law, practice, or custom Most of the society's institutions are: •Family •Economy •Religion •Education •Government Is the idea of Language Policy new? •it is not, some of the street signs in Jerusalem is written in used of trilingual languages. •Some of the public signs in Israel is written in Hebrew and English. There are five components of Language Policy •Phonology (system of sound (phonemics) within a language. •Morphology (study of the forms of words). •Syntax (study of sentence structure). •Semantics (concerned with the words meanings and phases). •Pragmatics (context in which language is being used). •and sometimes, Semiotics (relating to signs and symbols) used in posters and adverstisement is being added. Why is it important to have Language Policy? Because of Language Diversity in Multilingual Countries. For ease of communication process. In the book of Bernard Spolsky,2004 "Language Policy" published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, we will see these; •The doctors and hospitals make language policy when they decide how to deal with language policies. It is to avoid confusions in terms of prescriptions in medicines and other reasons concerning health •Many Countries, Institutions, and Social Groups does not have a formal or written language policy, so that the nature of their language policy must be derived from a study of their language practice, or beliefs. Even if there is a formal, or a written language policy, its effect on language policy neither guaranteed nor consent. FAMILY •According to Spolsky,2004 "Language issues can lead to major conflicts. •Eberhard et al., 2021 states that "the Philippines is a home to 186 languages, wherein 184 are living and 2 are extinct. Of the living languages, 175 are indigenous and 9 are non-indigenous". What is Plurilingualism? • it is the ability of a person who has competence in more than one language to switch between multiple languages ECONOMY •In line of Spolsky,2004, he said that "some Language Policy is in the law". Multilingual Countries Increasing Globalization More and More Translations Spolsky,2004 also stated that; "business too are involved in Language Policy. The common market for Eastern and Southern Africa supported Zimbabwe policy that dairy products imports from Zambia must have instructions on the packages written in Shona and Ndebele(the official language of Zimbabwe (Times of Zambia, 2011, July 10)". RELIGION The Bible was actually written in three different ancient languages: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. While a modern version of each of these languages is spoken today, most modern readers of those languages would have some difficulty with the ancient versions used in the biblical texts. It’s strange to think that we might hardly recognize the most influential book in the world in its original form! EDUCATION DECS ORDER 81 According to the order, the Filipino Alphabet is composed of 28 letters - the original 26 letters of the English alphabet, plus letters Ñ and Ng. The order also details how the letters should be read. BILINGUAL LANGUAGE POLICY The policy aims to propagate Filipino as a language of literacy, to cultivate and develop Filipino as a language of scholarly discourse, and to further its development as a national language. GOVERNMENT EXECUTIVE ORDER 335 - President Corazon Aquino ordered in 1988 all government departments, bureaus, offices, agencies, and instrumentalities to take steps in using the Filipino language in transactions, communications, and correspondence. 1987 CONSTITUTION Sections 6 to 9 of Article XIV outline the main language policy in the country. Section 7 states that for the purposes communication of and instruction, Filipino and, until otherwise provided by law, English are the official languages of the Philippines. CLASSROOM PRACTITIONERS CLASSROOM PRACTITIONERS The primary focus of the classroom practitioners is on the planning, preparation and teaching of programs to achieve specific student outcomes. Examples are the educators /teachers, Manager, workers and professionals. They are practitioner-teachers who work, research and educate in their fields, and perceive the quality of their teaching as being enhanced by their practising in the field. CLASSROOM PRACTITIONERS • One of the most important Domains for Language Policy is the School. • Basic questions arise as we talk about the Language Education Policy; the Language to be used as a 'medium of instruction' being the first and foremost. • The School Domain is most likely to be influenced externally, whether from "below" or "above". REFERENCES: •Language Policy. (n.d.). Google Books. https://books.google.com.ph/books? hl=en&lr=&id=RTk7gMprn1MC&oi=fnd&pg=PP10&dq=info:ffAXVmAUv8YJ:scholar.go ogle.com/&ots=Od1nF9pcID&sig=azWjLrMBteYMyXxEP0MbGbw0j7c&redir_esc=y#v =onepage&q&f=false •Department of Linguistics - UP Diliman. (2021, November 22). Counter-Babel: Reframing Linguistic Practices in Multilingual Philippines - Department of Linguistics - UP Diliman. https://linguistics.upd.edu.ph/news/counter-babel-reframinglinguistic-practices-in-multilingual-philippines/
