LPPMS
THE 4 LAYERS OF
LANGUAGE POLICY
GROUP 1
WHAT ARE THE LAYERS OF
LANGUAGE POLICY?
Legislation and
Political
Processes
Institutions
State and
Supranational
Agencies
Classroom
Practitioners
Legislation and Political Processes
CRUZ, DE TOMAS, NUGUIT
WHAT IS
LEGISLATION?
- Legislation refers to the preparation and
enactment of laws by a legislative body through its
lawmaking process. The legislative process
includes evaluating, amending, and voting on
proposed laws and is concerned with the words
used in the bill to communicate the values,
judgments, and purposes of the proposal.
POLITICAL
PROCESS
- The process of the formulation and
administration of public policy usually by the
interaction between social groups and
political institutions or between political
leadership and public opinion
EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 335
01
02
03
Signed by President Corazon Aquino on August 25, 1988
It enjoined all Departments, Bureau, Offices, Agencies, and
Instrumentalities of the government to take such steps as are necessary
for the purpose of using the Filipino language in official transactions,
communications, and correspondence.
It was issued on the belief that the use of Filipino in official transactions,
communications and correspondence in government offices will result to a
greater understanding and appreciation of government programs, projects
and activities throughout the country, thereby serving as an instrument of
unity and peace for national progress.
ALL DEPARTMENTS, BUREAUS, OFFICES, AGENCIES, INSTRUMENTALITIES OF
THE GOVERNMENT ARE ENJOINED TO DO THE FOLLOWING:
A.) Take steps to enhance the use of Filipino in official communications, transactions
and correspondence in their respective offices, whether national or local;
B.) Assign one or more personnel, as maybe necessary, in every office to take charge
of communications and correspondence written in Filipino;
C.) Translate into Filipino names of offices, buildings, public edifices, and signboards
of all offices, divisions or its instrumentalities, and if so desired, imprint below in
smaller letters the English text;
D.) Filipinize the "Oath of Office" for government officials and personnel; and
E.) Take as part of the training programs for personnel development in each office
proficiency in the use of Filipino in official communications and correspondence.
STATE
AND
SUPRANATIONAL
AGENCIES
WHAT IS STATE AND
SUPRANATIONAL
AGENCIES?
STATE
A government or state agency, sometimes an appointed
commission, is a permanent or semi-permanent organization in the
machinery of government that is responsible for the oversight and
administration of specific functions, such as an administration. There
is a notable variety of agency types.
SUPRANATIONAL AGENCIES
A supranational organization is a multinational union or
association in which member countries cede authority and
sovereignty on at least some internal matters to the group, whose
decisions are binding on its members. In short, member states share
in decision making on matters that will affect each country's
citizens.
STATE AGENCY'S LANGUAGE POLICY
• State agencies often have language policies in place to
ensure that their communication with the public is clear
and effective. These policies may include guidelines on the
use of language in written and oral communication, as well
as requirements for translation and interpretation services
for individuals who do not speak the agency's primary
language.
• Overall, state agency language policies are designed to
ensure that communication with the public is clear, effective,
and accessible to all individuals, regardless of their language
abilities or background.
SUPRANATIONAL AGENCIES' LANGUAGE POLICY
• The languages spoken in EU countries are an important
part of its cultural heritage. This is why the EU promotes
multilingualism in its programs and in the work of its
institutions.
• EU’s Charter of Fundamental Rights: EU nationals have
the right to use any of the 24 official languages to
communicate with the EU institutions, and the institutions
must reply in the same language.
INSTITUTIONS
What is Institution?
• it is a society or organization founded for a religious,
educational, social; or similar purpose.
• an established law, practice, or custom
Most of the society's institutions are:
•Family
•Economy
•Religion
•Education
•Government
Is the idea of Language Policy new?
•it is not, some of the street signs in Jerusalem is written in used of
trilingual languages.
•Some of the public signs in Israel is written in Hebrew and English.
There are five components of Language Policy
•Phonology (system of sound (phonemics) within a language.
•Morphology (study of the forms of words).
•Syntax (study of sentence structure).
•Semantics (concerned with the words meanings and phases).
•Pragmatics (context in which language is being used).
•and sometimes, Semiotics (relating to signs and symbols)
used in posters and adverstisement is being added.
Why is it important to have Language Policy?
Because of Language Diversity in Multilingual Countries.
For ease of communication process.
In the book of Bernard Spolsky,2004 "Language Policy" published by the Press
Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, we will see these;
•The doctors and hospitals make language policy when they decide how to deal with language
policies. It is to avoid confusions in terms of prescriptions in medicines and other reasons
concerning health
•Many Countries, Institutions, and Social Groups does not have a formal or written language
policy, so that the nature of their language policy must be derived from a study of their
language practice, or beliefs. Even if there is a formal, or a written language policy, its effect
on language policy neither guaranteed nor consent.
FAMILY
•According to Spolsky,2004 "Language issues can lead to major conflicts.
•Eberhard et al., 2021 states that "the Philippines is a home to 186 languages,
wherein 184 are living and 2 are extinct. Of the living languages, 175 are indigenous
and 9 are non-indigenous".
What is Plurilingualism?
• it is the ability of a person who has competence in more than one language to switch
between multiple languages
ECONOMY
•In line of Spolsky,2004, he said that "some Language Policy is in the law".
Multilingual Countries
Increasing Globalization
More and More Translations
Spolsky,2004 also stated that;
"business too are involved in Language Policy. The common market for Eastern and
Southern Africa supported Zimbabwe policy that dairy products imports from
Zambia must have instructions on the packages written in Shona and Ndebele(the
official language of Zimbabwe (Times of Zambia, 2011, July 10)".
RELIGION
The Bible was actually written in three different ancient
languages: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. While a modern
version of each of these languages is spoken today, most
modern readers of those languages would have some difficulty
with the ancient versions used in the biblical texts. It’s strange
to think that we might hardly recognize the most influential
book in the world in its original form!
EDUCATION
DECS ORDER 81
According to the order, the Filipino Alphabet is composed of 28
letters - the original 26 letters of the English alphabet, plus letters Ñ
and Ng. The order also details how the letters should be read.
BILINGUAL LANGUAGE POLICY
The policy aims to propagate Filipino as a language of literacy, to
cultivate and develop Filipino as a language of scholarly discourse,
and to further its development as a national language.
GOVERNMENT
EXECUTIVE ORDER 335
- President Corazon Aquino ordered in 1988 all government
departments, bureaus, offices, agencies, and instrumentalities to take
steps in using the Filipino language in transactions, communications,
and correspondence.
1987 CONSTITUTION
Sections 6 to 9 of Article XIV outline the main language policy in the country.
Section 7 states that for the purposes communication of and instruction, Filipino and,
until otherwise provided by law, English are the official languages of the Philippines.
CLASSROOM PRACTITIONERS
CLASSROOM PRACTITIONERS
The primary focus of the classroom practitioners is on the
planning, preparation and teaching of programs to achieve
specific student outcomes.
Examples are the educators /teachers, Manager, workers and
professionals.
They are practitioner-teachers who work, research and
educate in their fields, and perceive the quality of their
teaching as being enhanced by their practising in the field.
CLASSROOM PRACTITIONERS
• One of the most important Domains for Language Policy is the
School.
• Basic questions arise as we talk about the Language Education
Policy; the Language to be used as a 'medium of instruction' being
the first and foremost.
• The School Domain is most likely to be influenced externally,
whether from "below" or "above".
REFERENCES:
•Language Policy. (n.d.). Google Books. https://books.google.com.ph/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=RTk7gMprn1MC&oi=fnd&pg=PP10&dq=info:ffAXVmAUv8YJ:scholar.go
ogle.com/&ots=Od1nF9pcID&sig=azWjLrMBteYMyXxEP0MbGbw0j7c&redir_esc=y#v
=onepage&q&f=false
•Department of Linguistics - UP Diliman. (2021, November 22). Counter-Babel:
Reframing Linguistic Practices in Multilingual Philippines - Department of Linguistics
- UP Diliman. https://linguistics.upd.edu.ph/news/counter-babel-reframinglinguistic-practices-in-multilingual-philippines/