9.1 The System and
Structure of The
Earth
Earth consists of four
interconnected
components:
Chapter 9:Earth
•Earth is flat though it looks flat when we
look at the horizon.
•It was proven by Ferdinand Magellan
who set sail from Spain in September
1519
•Even though Magellan was killed in the
Philippines in 1521, his and his crew's
voyage proved Earth is spherical in
shape.
atmosphere
biosphere
hydrosphere
geosphere.
Atmospheric Stratification
Earth's atmosphere consists of five layers, each with it respective roles.
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Chapter 9:Earth
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OCEAN STRATIFICATION
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER ON EARTH
The ocean can also be divided into different zones, from a
zone where light can penetrate to a zone where light cannot
penetrate.
•From the troposphere to the
EARTH'S LAYERS
stratosphere, the altitude increase.
Earth is divided into three main layers according to its physical
properties: crust, mantle, and core. The mantle consists of the
lithosphere, asthenosphere, and mesosphere. The lithosphere covers the
crust and the top part of the mantle.
•The higher the altitude, the lower
the air pressure.
•The temperature also becomes
lower when altitude increases.
Surface zone:
•Water is very shallow.
•Light can penetrate.
•Suitable as a habitat for plants.
Midnight Zone:
•Has little or no light.
•Difficult for plants to live here.
•Becomes the habitat for large marine
animals, such as giant squid and
various species of whales.
Dark Zone:
•This zone is very deep and no light
can reach it.
•Most animals here have
shimmering bodies or can glow in
the dark.