Art - The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power. Purpose ng art/ gamit ng art Art as a form of • Self-expression (paintings, music, poetry, fashion, etc) • Therapy • Aesthetic- communicate beauty, investigate the nature, essence, and purpose of arts aesthetic • Inspiration • Motivation • Awareness What is Contemporary Art? Is it similar with Modern Art? Contemporary- 1960 - still emerging produced by artists living today. - is a fluid term and its use can change depending of context - the art of the present which is continuously in process and in flux, and it was influenced by Social Realism which started in the 70s ⁃ Contemporary Art is distinguishable from Modern Art in historical, stylistic and cultural terms. ⁃ Contemporary Art is never fixed, but open to many possibilities. ⁃To study and appreciate the contemporary is to experience and understand art as a window to the Philippine contemporary life. Characteristic of Contemporary Art Site-specific ⁃allows an artworks meaning to have a direct relationship to a specific location where it is seen or experienced. Changing the location of the work would mean a change in the interpretation of its value or meaning. - Modern art is not the same as contemporary art, although, they could share some characteristics, sources and influences Process-based ⁃ emphasizes how the artist starts not with a final product in mind, but instead begins with the development of a concept and then subsequently proceeds with realizing the idea. Modern - being up to date and technologically advanced. - 1880 - 1960 “traditional” - Art that is current and new is also referred to modern as opposed to "traditional" or "conservative" Collaborative ⁃ the end product is created with the involvement of two or more artists Interactive ⁃recognizes how the audience has the potential to change or add to the meaning of an artwork. The work is then designed in a way that the audience is asked or encouraged to interact with the piece. • Man in stairs (2000’s man in stairs Xyca Bacani) • The contrast (1960’s the contrast HR Ocampo) Arturo Luz - National Artist ⁃ produced paintings in 90’s and as well into 21st ⁃Hard-edged and abstract minimalist style STYLISTIC OVERVIEW ⁃ Contemporary Art is never fixed, but open to many possibilities. ⁃To study and appreciate the contemporary is to experience and understand art as a window to the Philippine contemporary life. Neoclassic Art - Modern Artists do not aim to copy and idealize reality. - They change colors and flatten the picture instead of creating illusions of depth. • Depicts Reality as closely as possible and idealizes it, beautiful and pastoral • Is “academic” as it was and continues to be taught in school (UP FINE ARTS) where Fernando Amorsolo and Guillermo Tolentino are influential. Neoclassic Art • The Palay Maiden, 1920 by Fernando Amorsolo Modern Art • Mora Girl, 1950 by Victorio Edades Victoria Edades - artist in modern art styles ⁃ Father of Philippine Modern Art ⁃ Initiating the Modern Art movement that challenged the neoclassic style, which was dominant that time • Modern Artists do not aim to copy and idealize reality. • They change colors and flatten the picture instead of creating illusions of depth. Imelda Cajipe-Endaya ⁃is a social realist but the style and medium of installation is markedly different. -Aside from style, it is also very useful to know where the artists are coming from and the circumstances of making and disseminating their art. Ibn Saud Salipyasin Ahmad - the wedding (2015) example of contemporary art ⁃ Contemporary Art is distinguishable from Modern Art in historical, stylistic and cultural terms. • In art historical terms, we refer to art before the coming of the first colonizers as Pre Conquest • In stylistic terms, Indigenous, to emphasize the idea that our ancestors have been making art even before colonization. • In cultural terms, as "Pre-colonial" Was there art in the colonization or before colonization? -Yes, Native Art forms before colonization period Arts before we colonized Art before are everyday expressions and were all integrated within rituals Earliest forms of Theater/Rituals • earliest forms of theater or rituals are artistic and usually something to do with their traditions • Art of the ancient filipinos were woven into the fabric of the everyday life, they do mot refer to art as we do today that is an expression of an individual seen largely in museums and concrete halls. They did not distinguish forms into different categories like music, theater, Visual arts, etc. • Everyday expressions were all intigrated within rituals that marked significant moments in a community's life like planting and harvesting, rights of passage, funerary ceremonies, weddings among others • Aside from communal functionality of indigenous art creative forms such as pottery, weaving, carving, metal work, and jewelry also embody aesthetic technological and ritual balues that exist in various forms with the present. • Functionality nya is for the community • Yung communality/communal functionality nung mga rituals nila, before hindi nila ito kinoconsider as art forms pero tau ngayon, since performative itong mga rituals nila sa panahon natin ngaun sa kasalukuyan, konoconsider na natin itong mga performances nato na performative art 2. Kinabua of Mandaya ⁃ performs swooping movements imitating the movements of eagle. 1. Mayvanuvanua (Batanes) -ritual that opens the fishing season of dibang (flying fish) 2. Cañao or Kanyaw (Cordillera Administrative Region - officiated by a shaman or mumbaki. It involves animal sacrifice where the entrans are read through a process of divination. - performed either for healing, to announce the birth of the child, birthday, wakes, wedding, and burial ceremonies 5. Talip (Ifugaos) ⁃ courtship dance mimetic of the movements of wild fowls 3. Kashawing (Lake Lanao of Mindanao)- ritual to ensure abundance during rice planting and harvesting. 4. Tagbanwa (Palawan) ⁃shamans go into a trance amidst ritual chanting and dancing and are believed to be taken over the goddesses themselves. 3. Banog-banog of the Higaonon and B'laan ⁃ courtship dance that portrays the flight of the birds 4. Man manok (Bago Tribe) ⁃ dance that dramatizes three roosters who compete against one another to be able to get the attention of a hen, Lady Lien. 6. Inamong of Matigsalugs and Kadaliwas (T'boli) ⁃ represent the comedic movements of monkey 7. Tinikling (Tagalog) ⁃ evocative of the movements of the crane balancing itself on stilt-like legs or flitting away from the clutches of bamboo traps Bakit ginagaya yung movement ng animals? • Our ancestors just like all others in the world during those times were hunter gatherers, before there were cities and large monuments, the pre-colonial filipino hunted food and game that were shared among members of a community in a gathering where they told stories about the hunt Ethnic Musical Instruments • When they conduct rituals, usually accompanied with instruments • they imitated the movements of animals that they hunt, this mark the early beginning of theater or play acting and when they learned to add drum beating and attach rhythm to their movements, they had given birth to music and dance CARVING 1. Kudyapi - a three stringed guitar 2. Hagabi (Ifugao) ⁃wooden bench that marks the socio-economic status of the owner 2. Kulintang - an array of bossed gongs 1 .Bulul (Cordillera) ⁃granary god that plays important role in ritual ⁃anthropomorphic bull appears in containers bowls and spoons - mas masagana yung ani pag may mga rituals sila na ginagawa with the bulul. 3. Gansa - flat gong 4. Agong - a large bossed gang Native Art forms before colonization period Native Dance Forms 1. Pangalay (Sulu) ⁃ mimetic dance of seabirds On the other hand, Christianized communities in Paete Laguna and Betis Pampanga are known for carving santos. In the Southern Philippines curvilinear decorations called the okir are employed in woodcarving. 3. Sarimanok - is the stylized design of a bird holding a fish in rect its beak and/or standing on a base in the shape of a fish. - Sarimanok is a mythical creature pigments or yung pangkulay sa hinahabi nila, they extract colors from clay, roots, and leaves of plants. 4. Naga - has the form of an elaborate mythical serpent or dragon ewith a vigorous S-curve and numerous curvilinear motifs to suggest its scales. 5. Pako rabong - is a stylized growing fern with a broad base gracefully tapering upwards. - The sarimanok and naga are found in the panolong, the extended floor beam, and the interior beams and posts of the large sultan's house called torogan. Manunggul Jar - The Manunggul Jar, excavated in Manunggul Cave Lipunan Point Palawan is dated to the late Neolithic Period (890-710). It has two anthropomorphic or human forms atop the lid. • Nagpapakita ito ng mga paniniwala ng mga sinaunang tao na nanirahan dto sa pilipinas, may konsepto na sila ng life after death kaya may mga ganyan na silang burial practices • Yung dalawang namamangka sa manunggul jar, is interpreted as a methapor, of travel to the afterlife (yun daw ang maghahatid sa kaluluwa sa kabilang buhay) • Palayok yung mga ginagamet paren hanggang ngayon, for cooking • Banga and tapayan, for storing water -In later years pottery would become more and more associated with objects for daily use, such as the palayok (clay pot) for cooking, and the banga and tapayan (clay pot) for storing liquids. In Vigan ilocos the making of burnay pottery continues as a lively tradition. TEXTILES - According to Respicio "textile weaving has a long history, Philippine ethnolinguistic groups have a rich textile weaving tradition" - Textiles are not only functional they also impart knowledge about people's belief systems: the reverence for spirits and nature, criteria for beautiful and the society's sociopolitical structure. - In traditional weaving, the fibers are gathered from plants like cotton, abacca, pineapple leaves, while - Weaving techniques are also applied in creating tools for agricultural purposes Woven Textiles 1. Pis syabit ⁃ a headpiece woven by Tausug of Sulu 2. Malong ⁃ it has exquisite tapestry panels called langkit woven by the Maranao of Lanao Del Sur 3. Tepo Mat ⁃ a colorful double layered mat of Sama of Tawi-Tawi made of pandan leaves 4. Ovaloid Baskets ⁃ made of nito and bamboo are used as a head sling to carry harvest 5. Bubo ⁃ fish traps made of sturdy bamboo strips in the llocos region. TATOOS ⁃ shared by Southeast Asia and New Zealand other ethnolinguistic groups that practices tattooing are Kalinga, Kankanay, Ibaloy and Ifugao. - Tinawag na "Islas De pintados" kase yung mga tao dun ay may mga tatoo Functions • Aesthetic function, Tatoos were values Because it was believed to protect the individual evil spirits. • Considered as badge of maturity and bravery. JEWELRY • Aside from bodily inscriptions , jewelry is also believed to make the wearer more attractive to the opposite sex and as much also considering pleasing to the gods - the T'boli in particular are known for wearing brass chains bells and colorful beads. Lotoans ⁃ betel nut boxes of various shapes Brass Kendi and Gadur - used in ceremonies and are cherished as status symbols or as heirloom pieces 1. Brass Kendi- lalagyan ng tubig 2. Gadur- is a container, ginagamet pag regalo, lalagyan ng regalo doon sa family ng ikakasal What are the main beliefs of Islam and how these beliefs influence the way art is made and interpreted or How art is influenced by Islam? • Filipino muslims recognized that they belong to an UMA or a community of believers central to the Islamic faith is the doctrine of tawhid or Unity with God • This belief emphasizes the impermanence of nature and the incomprehensible greatness of the Divine being. • In Islamic art , we can observe how artists are influenced by the notion of the Tawhid. • Interior of the mosques are covered with elaborate patterning in the form of reliefs to draw the attention away from the concrete object or away from human forms and nature toward the contemplation of the Divine. • Divine unity is expressed through abstract forms and patterns that compel that believer to engage in mental concentration. • All islamic buildings must be Oriented toward Mecca (Holy place) • Bulbous dome which is characteristic of Islamic architecture Madrasa - an educational institution offering instruction in Islamic subjects including, but not limited to. - religious/islamic school that facilitated the teaching of arabic writing • • • • • • • Tausug Maranao Maguindanao Yakan Samal Badjao Some areas in Palawan 1. Interior of mosques are covered with elaborate patterning in the form of reliefs. 2. Parts of the Mosque like the mihrab or niche and the Qibla wall are oriented toward the west 3. The courtyard or Ka'bah a black shrine believed to be built by Prophet Muhammad himself Panolong - an elaborately carved protusion akin to a wing attached to the torogan. - Luhul or canopy that takes inspiration from the tree of life Islam - Gained significant grounding in Sulu as early as 13th century. Souther Philippines mas dominant ang Islam - Islam was said to have gained significant grounding in Sulu. ⁃Notion of Tawhid or Unity with God emphasizes the impermanence of nature and the incomprehensible greatness of the divine Being. - Sayyid Abubakar of Arabia married Princess Piramisuli, daughter of Rajah Baguinda. - Abubakar succeeded the throne and established the Sultanate of Sulu Quran - also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. - Islam was already well entrenched in Southern Philippine where it continues to be culturally dominant.
