INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
These is the use of any computer,storage, networking and other devices , infrastructure and
process to create ,process,store,secure and exchange all forms of electronic data.
The Harvard Business Review coined the term IT to make a distinction between purpose-built
machines designed to perform a limited scope of functions and general -purpose computing
machines that could be programmed for various tasks.
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
Hardware are the parts of computer which are seen and are touchable,for example
keyboard,mouse and monitor
Software are the programs or parts of computer which instructs hardware what to do .There are
two categories of softwares

System software
System software encompasses the computer programs that manage the basic computing
functions.They include the following
1. Oses
2. BIOses
3. Boot programs
4. Database such as SQL server
5. Email server
6. Web server

Application software
OUTPUT AND INPUT DEVICES
Input devices these are the devices which are designed to put characters or information inside
the computer for example keyboard and mouse
Output devices these are the devices that display the results of the processed data or display
information to the end users.Examples of output devices are monitor, speaker and projector.
Peripheral devices these are the devices which are added or connected to the computer to
perform various tasks such as printer and scanner and may be externally or internally located
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Is a science or a set of rules stating how computer softwares and hardwares are joined together
and interact to make a computer work.
HOW COMPUTER WORKS?
Inorder for computer to work there must be the following operations;

Input operations

Storage operations

Data processing

Output operations
The steps below shows how computer works
1. The user starts the computer
2. Computer performs power supply check
3. The CPU activates Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) to initiate the booting process
4. The BIOS loads the Operating System
5. The Operating System takes the control of the computer
6. The user initiates the program execution
7. The user input data and then data is stored in the main memory
8. The processed data is sent to the output device.
TYPES OF COMPUTER
Mainly there are two types of computer, these are

Analogue computer

Digital computer
ANALOGUE COMPUTER
These is the type of computer which posses continuous signals and most of them does not
depends on the source of electricity.
DIGITAL COMPUTER
These is the type of computer which posses discrete signals or data and are more advanced
compared to analogue computer
But there are other type of computer known as HYBRID COMPUTER this means that this
type of computer posses both behavior of analogue and digital computer.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ANALOGUE AND DIGITAL COMPUTER
Digital computer
Analogue
Posses discrete signals
Have continuous signals
Output is in binary number
Have a graphical signals
Have high speed when it processing data
It's slow in term of processing data
Two examples of IT are cellular telephone and wireless internet access
APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
EDUCATION
In education the discovery or introduction of information technology seems to play very
important tasks such as expanding knowledge through searching of data or knowledge about
certain faculty .For example when teacher may not understand certain topic he or she may
search that particular object so as to share it to the students.
COMMUNICATION
In field of communication, information technology simplify communication process because
through information technology there are many facilities which simplify communication such
as telephones and the presence of mass media lead people from different continents to
communicate easily.
INTERTAINMENT
Through discover of IT industry there are many pleasurable channels in televisions which
make people joy every time.For example now there is a World Cup which includes all
continents and due to the presence of information technology industry everyone are able to
see all games from any place through his or her television and hence without this industry the
people who are able to watch games are those who attend in the arena only so this simplify
watching football from any place.
SECURITY
Through discovery of IT carrier the issue of security was going to be very simple because
there are introduction of CCTV cameras which provides sucurity at higher efficiency.
STORAGE
Database is the program designed mainly for the purpose of storing data or information for a
long period of time.This means that your data when saved or stored in the computer there is
lower risk compared to those which are stored in the normal files.For example when the files
gets fire this means all your information or data was distracted.
References
www.Wikipedia.com
www.Tochepodia.com
Lecture tutorial 1,2,3 and 4