‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
OLS
OMEr's LECTURES SERIES
Clinical and applied anatomy
LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM
LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM
By
Dr. omer abdelsalam mohammed musa
2021
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Objectives:
By the end of this lecture the student should be able to;
- Define the locomotor system.
- Describe the general parts, terms and rules of locomotor
system.
- Discuss the functional anatomy of the locomotor system.
- Correlate the locomotor system with the others.
- Discuss the normal situation and expect problems.
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Simple definition
The system which has ability to
whole body.
move parts of the body or the
Is this enough?????????
EXAMPLES:- REINFOCEMENT, SUPPORT AND CREATE AN
AXES FOR MOVEMNTS.
(levers and rules of levers)
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Parts (tools)
- Bones.
(Skeletal S).
- Muscles.
(Muscular S)
*striated, cardiac
and visceral*.
- CTs.
- Vessels.
- Nerves.
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(A) Bones
Skeletal system
- The adult skeleton has 206 bones.
- The development of osteocytes and the hardening process is called Ossification.
Ossification depends on:
Calcium
Phosphorus
Vtamin D
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Common Bone Categories
- Long bones
(Femur)
- Irregular bones
(Vertebrae)
- Short bones
(Wrist bones)
- Flat bones
(Skull)
- Sesamoid bones
(Kneecap)
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SKELETON
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Functional Anatomy
- Shape.
- Bearing Body Weight.
- Movements. (prerequisites:- Anatomical position, general
terms, etc…..)
Effect and Affect of the others
OTHER SYSTEMS
ENVIRONMENTS
- Act as factory.
- Store.
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(B) Muscles
Muscular system
Functional Anatomy:
1) movement
2) maintain posture
3) joint stability
4) generate heat
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Essential facts:
- 3 Types: Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
- Origin . Insertion
Direct . Indirect Attachments
direct = right onto bone
indirect = via tendon/aponeurosis
more common
leave bony markings = tubercle, crest, ridge, etc.
Sometimes attach to skin
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Features of Muscle:
- Contractibility = cells generate pulling force
- Excitability = nervous impulses travel through muscle plasma
membrane to stimulate contraction
- Extensibility = after contraction, muscle can be stretched back to
original length by opposing muscle action
- Elasticity = after being stretched, muscle passively recoils to
resume its resting length
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How it works:
A rigid bar moves on fixed point when a force is applied to it, to
move object
(Uses levers to move objects)
Lever = rigid bar = bone
Fulcrum = fixed point = joint
Effort = force applied = muscle contraction
Load = object being moved = bone
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Naming Muscles:
Location: (eg) brachialis = arm
Shape: (eg) deltoid = triangle
Relative Size: (eg) minimus, maximus, longus
Direction of Fascicles: (eg) oblique, rectus
Location of Attachment: (eg) brachioradialis
Number of Origins: (eg) biceps, quadriceps
Action: (eg) flexor, adductor, extensor
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Expected problems
many factors could be involved
Inside
out side
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‫‪THANKS A LOT‬‬
‫وبالتوفبق ‪...‬‬
‫والحمد هلل رب العالمين‬
‫‪DR.OMEr's PPT‬‬
???????
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