Parts of Internal Combustion Engine Presented by : • • • • M Abdullah Idrees Abdul Basit Sarfraz Ahmad Farhan Outline • Internal Combustion Engine • Parts of Internal Combustion Engine • Material Internal Combustion Engine • Internal combustion engines (ICE) are the most common form of heat engines, as they are used in vehicles, boats, ships, airplanes, and trains. • They are named as such because the fuel is ignited in order to do work inside the engine.The same fuel emitted as exhaust. This can be done using a piston (called a reciprocating engine), or with a turbine. Parts of Internal Combustion Engine • Cylinder Block • Crank Shaft • • • Cylinder Head Piston Piston Rings • Governor • Fuel Pump • Spark Plug • • • Connecting Rod Gudgeon Pin Crank Pin • Governor • Intake Valve • Exhaust Valve • Fuel Injector • Carburettor Connecting Rod • Connecting Rod is generally used to transfer the reciprocating motion to the rotary motion of the crankshaft. • The one end [smaller] is connected with the Piston with the help of piston pin, and the other end [bigger] is connected with the crankshaft with the help of a crank pin. • Connecting rod is made of Steel Alloy or Aluminium AlloyTitanium is also used to make a connecting rod. • Connecting rod is made by Forging Process. Governor • It controls the speed of engine at a different load by regulating fuel supply in diesel engine. • In petrol engine, supplying the mixture of air-petrol and controlling the speed at various load condition. Carburetor • The primary function of carburettors in an automobile is to mix the exact amount of fuel and air needed to produce power. • The main structure and largest component of the carburetor is the molded body made from a lightweight alloy or aluminum. The stationary body is under little stress and pressure, therefore, stronger metals are unnecessary. • The moving pieces of a carburetor are manufactured from steel or stainless steel Crank Pin • Hand over the power and motion to the crank shaft which come from piston through connecting rod. Piston Ring • Piston Rings are attached to the periphery of the Piston, generally made of steel alloys and three rings compression,bottom and oil ring are used in ICE Valve • To control the inlet and exhaust of internal combustion engine, valves are used. • The number of valves in an engine depends on the number of cylinders. • The valves are fitted in the port at the cylinder head by use of strong spring. This spring keep them closed. Both valves usually open inwards. Spark Plug • It is used in spark ignition engine. The main function of a spark plug is to conduct a high potential from the ignition system into the combustion chamber to ignite the compressed air fuel mixture. • It is fitted on cylinder head. When high potential current supply to spark plug it jumping from the supply electrode and produces the necessary spark. Cylinder Head • It is used for closing the Cylinder block. • The Valves and Spark Plug or Injector are mounted over it • It carries inlet and exhaust valve. Fresh charge is admitted through inlet valve and burnt gases are exhausted from exhaust valve. In case of petrol engine,a spark plug and in case of diesel engine, a injector is also mounted on cylinder hea Piston • Piston provides the to and fro movement.It converts the reciprocating movement to rotary motion. • It helps to transfer the energy to the connecting rod • During suction stroke,it sucks the fresh charge of air-fuel mixture through inlet valve and compresses during the compression stroke inside the cylinder.This way piston receives power from the expanding gases after ignition in cylinder.Also forces the burnt exhaust gases out of the cylinder through exhaust valve. Crank Shaft • This is the rotating member of an IC Engine which covert the reciprocating movement of the piston to rotary motion. • All the pistons of the engine are connected with the crankshaft by the help of connecting rod and one end of this crankshaft is connected with Flywheel. • Crankshafts are made up’ of special steel alloys. The crankshaft is the main member from which we obtain the rotary power. This shaft is build up with one or more eccentric parts called crank or crank throws. This crank throws are mainly responsible for producing reciprocating motion of the piston. Fuel Pump • This device supply the petrol to the carburetor sucking from the fuel tank. • The pump is commonly located inside the fuel tank. Due to the complexity of the pump and difficulty of access, replacement can be very expensive Cylinder Block • This Cylinder block with the Cylinder head will be tightened with the number of bolts and studs. (A gasket will be placed between the Cylinder block and the head). • Cylinder Block is provided with the cooling fins If the engine cooling system is an air cooling system • If it is a water cooling system the water jackets will be provided on the walls of the Cylinder block • The bottom portion of the Cylinder Block is called the Crank Case. It will act as the sump for the lubrication oil. Gudgeon Pin or Piston Pin • Gudgeon Pin [Piston Pin or Wrist Pin] is used to connect connecting rod with the piston. • It is made of Steel alloy to bear the high strength. • And, it is generally, made by forging process. Fuel Injector • This device is used in diesel engine only and delivers fuel in fine spray under pressure • Fuel injectors are small nozzle which are controlled electronically to atomize fuel under high pressure into an engine’s combustion chamber. It contains valves that are capable of opening and closing many times per second. • It enhances the engine in term performance, emission, and noise characters. • Its materials are design to withstand higher stresses for durability that match the engine working.
