Parts of Internal Combustion Engine
Presented by :
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M Abdullah Idrees
Abdul Basit
Sarfraz Ahmad
Farhan
Outline
• Internal Combustion
Engine
• Parts of Internal
Combustion Engine
• Material
Internal Combustion Engine
• Internal combustion engines (ICE) are
the most common form of heat
engines, as they are used in vehicles,
boats, ships, airplanes, and trains.
• They are named as such because the
fuel is ignited in order to do work
inside the engine.The same fuel
emitted as exhaust. This can be done
using a piston (called a reciprocating
engine), or with a turbine.
Parts of Internal Combustion Engine
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Cylinder Block
• Crank Shaft
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Cylinder Head
Piston
Piston Rings
• Governor
• Fuel Pump
• Spark Plug
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Connecting Rod
Gudgeon Pin
Crank Pin
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Governor
• Intake Valve
• Exhaust Valve
• Fuel Injector
• Carburettor
Connecting Rod
• Connecting Rod is generally used to transfer the
reciprocating motion to the rotary motion of the
crankshaft.
• The one end [smaller] is connected with the
Piston with the help of piston pin, and the other
end [bigger] is connected with the crankshaft
with the help of a crank pin.
• Connecting rod is made of Steel Alloy or
Aluminium AlloyTitanium is also used to make a
connecting rod.
• Connecting rod is made by Forging Process.
Governor
• It controls the speed of
engine at a different load
by regulating fuel supply in
diesel engine.
• In petrol engine, supplying
the mixture of air-petrol
and controlling the speed
at various load condition.
Carburetor
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The primary function of carburettors in
an automobile is to mix the exact amount
of fuel and air needed to produce power.
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The main structure and largest
component of the carburetor is the
molded body made from a lightweight
alloy or aluminum. The stationary body is
under little stress and pressure,
therefore, stronger metals are
unnecessary.
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The moving pieces of a carburetor are
manufactured from steel or stainless steel
Crank Pin
• Hand over the power and motion to the
crank shaft which come from piston
through connecting rod.
Piston Ring
• Piston Rings are attached to the periphery of
the Piston, generally made of steel alloys and
three rings compression,bottom and oil ring
are used in ICE
Valve
• To control the inlet and exhaust of internal
combustion engine, valves are used.
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The number of valves in an engine depends
on the number of cylinders.
• The valves are fitted in the port at the cylinder
head by use of strong spring. This spring keep
them closed. Both valves usually open
inwards.
Spark Plug
• It is used in spark ignition engine. The
main function of a spark plug is to
conduct a high potential from the
ignition system into the combustion
chamber to ignite the compressed air
fuel mixture.
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It is fitted on cylinder head. When
high potential current supply to spark
plug it jumping from the supply
electrode and produces the necessary
spark.
Cylinder Head
• It is used for closing the Cylinder block.
• The Valves and Spark Plug or Injector are
mounted over it
• It carries inlet and exhaust valve. Fresh
charge is admitted through inlet valve
and burnt gases are exhausted from
exhaust valve. In case of petrol engine,a
spark plug and in case of diesel engine, a
injector is also mounted on cylinder hea
Piston
•
Piston provides the to and fro
movement.It converts the reciprocating
movement to rotary motion.
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It helps to transfer the energy to the
connecting rod
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During suction stroke,it sucks the fresh
charge of air-fuel mixture through inlet
valve and compresses during the
compression stroke inside the
cylinder.This way piston receives power
from the expanding gases after ignition in
cylinder.Also forces the burnt exhaust
gases out of the cylinder through exhaust
valve.
Crank Shaft
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This is the rotating member of an IC
Engine which covert the reciprocating
movement of the piston to rotary motion.
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All the pistons of the engine are
connected with the crankshaft by the
help of connecting rod and one end of
this crankshaft is connected with
Flywheel.
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Crankshafts are made up’ of special steel
alloys. The crankshaft is the main
member from which we obtain the rotary
power. This shaft is build up with one or
more eccentric parts called crank or crank
throws. This crank throws are mainly
responsible for producing reciprocating
motion of the piston.
Fuel Pump
• This device supply the
petrol to the carburetor
sucking from the fuel tank.
• The pump is commonly
located inside the fuel tank.
Due to the complexity of
the pump and difficulty of
access, replacement can be
very expensive
Cylinder Block
• This Cylinder block with the Cylinder head
will be tightened with the number of bolts
and studs. (A gasket will be placed
between the Cylinder block and the head).
• Cylinder Block is provided with the cooling
fins If the engine cooling system is an air
cooling system
• If it is a water cooling system the water
jackets will be provided on the walls of the
Cylinder block
• The bottom portion of the Cylinder Block
is called the Crank Case. It will act as the
sump for the lubrication oil.
Gudgeon Pin or Piston Pin
• Gudgeon Pin [Piston Pin or Wrist Pin] is
used to connect connecting rod with
the piston.
• It is made of Steel alloy to bear the high
strength.
• And, it is generally, made by forging
process.
Fuel Injector
• This device is used in diesel engine only and
delivers fuel in fine spray under pressure
• Fuel injectors are small nozzle which are
controlled electronically to atomize fuel under
high pressure into an engine’s combustion
chamber. It contains valves that are capable of
opening and closing many times per second.
• It enhances the engine in term performance,
emission, and noise characters.
• Its materials are design to withstand higher
stresses for durability that match the engine
working.