Biostatistics
A statistical processes and methods applied to the collection, organization, analysis and interpretation.
Biological data and especially data relating to human
Descriptive stats
-
Summarized data
Easier to analyze, interpret and understand
Tabulation, graphical presentation, computation of averages
Inferential statistics
-
Generalization or conclusions
Estimation of parameters
Hypothesis testing
What is research?
A problem solving activity using the scientific method of inquiry aimed at the discovery and
interpretation of new knowledge
Research process
Problem identification
Formulating objectives
Review of related literature
Methodology
Data collection
Data processing analysis
Writhing the report
Dissemination of findings
Utilization of results
Variables
Qualitative
Health status
Place of residence
Section
Quantitative variables
Discrete
Continuous
Number of recoveries
Number of family members
Levels of measurement
Nominal – labels such as sections, the color of eyes, health status
Ordinal – ordered or rank. Yung variable ng health status but ranked like under weight, normal, over
Interval – scale of measurement. Numeric like BMI, height, weight
Ratio – numeric din o arbitratry
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIABLES
Independent variable
Dependent variables
Confounding variable
DEFINING THE VARIABLES

Conceptual – HOW YOU DEFINE THAT VARIABLE BY ITS COMMON DIFINITON or general
definition based on dictionaries
 Operational – how you define a variable based on yourself or your study
1. Using the variables listed below, create your own operational definition.
a. Sex - sex is the distinction between male, female, and others who do not have biological
characteristics
b. Education c. Smoker
d. Nutritional status
e. Blood pressure
IMPORTING OF DATA
Open – data – choose your folder – documents – section and name