Prof. Kutzer
Hist. 1301
Midterm Review
What to Study?
Terms, Themes, and Concepts
Primary Sources vs. Secondary Sources, Siberian Land Bridge Theory, Sedentary vs. Nomadic
Native American Cultures, pre-Columbian Native Americans (i.e., diversity, utilitarianism, and
occasional conflict), The Columbian Exchange, Hernan Cortes’s Conquest of the Aztec (How did
he do it?), The Spanish Model of Colonialism, The Mission System, The Encomienda System,
The Presidio System, Spanish Settlement in New Mexico, The Pueblo Revolt of 1680, The
British Colonial Model, The Three Types of Colonial Charters, New England Vs. Virginia,
Jamestown, Indentured Servitude vs. Race-based Chattel Slavery, The Headright System,
Bacon’s Rebellion, the Development of Race-based Chattel Slavery in Virginia, Main
Charactaristics of Virginian Society, Main Charactaristics of New England Society, Pilgrams vs.
Puritans, Roger Williams and Rhode Island, King Philip's War, The Enlightenment (Main
Aspects), “The Glorious Revolution” (what did it do?), “Salutary Neglect,” Being British, Being
American, Problems with Unity (Why can’t they unite?), the Albany Congress of 1754 (JOIN
OR DIE!), The Ohio Country, The French & Indian War, The Proclamation Line of 1763,
Natural Rights, The Sugar Act, The Stamp Act (How does this act push the colonies more
together than ever before?!), “No taxation without Representation” (what are they really saying
about natural rights?).
What to know?:
1. How to Describe Native America Before the Coming of the Europeans?
2. How to compare and contrast the colonial models of Spain, Britain, and France in
North America.
3. How to compare and contrast the British North American colonies of Virginia and New
England. Why does slavery devolop so strongly in one, but not so strongly in the other?
4. What is the Columbian Exchange and what impacts, both positive and negative, did it
have on America and the world?
5. How indentured servants eventually become a problem for the “gentlemen” class in
Virginia; how did the headright system play a role in this? Also, know the difference
between indentured servitude and race-based chattel slavery and why Virginia shifted
to the latter system.
6. Know the main aspects of the Enlightenment and have a grasp on the three fundamental
natural rights of the philosophy called liberalism, which came out of the Enlightenment.
7. Know how the events following the French and Indian War set in motion a process that
will push the colonists more and more together, whereas before they had a hard time
unifying around any one cause or set of causes.
Essay Portion: What to study? (Note: You will choose only 2 out of the 3 prompt
topics to respond to on the essay portion of the test, but you still need to know the
other one for the combo portion of the test.)
1. You should be able to write at greater length about the differences between
Virginia and New England, including why one develops race-based chattel
slavery, while the other one – not so much.
2. You should be able to compare and contrast the colonial models of New Spain,
British America, and New France. How are they administered differently?
3. You should be able to explain why most British-American colonists had pride in
being British subjects/citizens, while also being able to explain how Americans
are becoming something different than their counterparts across the Atlantic.