Presented by:
OGNAYON, Amy A.
COMPUTER-GENERATED IMAGERY
• CGI, creates still or animated visual content with computer software.
• CGI is also called 3D imaging or 3D Rendering.
• CGI usually refers to the 3D computer graphics used to create characters,
scenes, and other special effects in movies, television, and games.
• This technology is also used in advertising, architecture, engineering, virtual
reality, and even art. In traditional photography, film or a digital camera
captures an image where computer-generated images are created in
computer software. Three-dimensional (3D) outputs are often connected
with CGI. Still, CGI can also create two-dimensional (2D) effects.
CGI IS CREATED USING
DIFFERENT METHODS:
**** Using algorithms can create complex fractal patterns.
****2D pixel-based image editors can produce vector shapes.
****3D graphics software can generate everything from simple
primitive shapes to complex forms created from flat triangles and
quadrangles.
****3D software can simulate the way light reacts to a surface
and creates particle effects.
CGI starts to get exciting when it is
layered into digital film footage using
compositing. This technique is growing
more familiar to people, often
referred to as a “Green screen.”
The History of CGI
• The history of CGI goes back to the 1950s when
mechanical computers were used to create
patterns onto animation cels which were then
included in a feature films. The first film which
used CGI was Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo (1958).
• A few years later, CGI took another step forward with the help of
Hollywood. In 1973 Westworld displayed its capability with the first
2D CGI scene showing “Gunslinger” vision – an idea of how robots
could see. The movie was very successful that it inspired a sequel.
• In 1995, a movie was wholly directed with CGI for the
first time, which gave birth to the most celebrated “Toy
Story.” Later we have Pixar producing classic CGI movies
“Monsters Inc.” and “Finding Nemo.” The realistic
characters of these movies- Woody, Buzz, Sullivan, Mike,
Nemo, Gill, Bloat circle and keep the audiences
entertained throughout.
• Beyond 2000, CGI accelerated at a never-before rate. The need for
more computer power, more reliable software, and new ideas
helped many CGI films. One such movie from the canon is the
“Lord of the Rings.” Gollum became the first CGI character to
interact with real actors. Filmmakers utilized motion capture
technology to make Gollum realistic and lively. This suggests that a
live actor played Gollum’s role, which matched the CGI Gollum to
his movements.
KEY ROLES AND DEPARTMENTS
INVOLVED IN CGI
• The creation of CGI involves a very long process that is
challenging and very technical. Teams are large and
diverse, involving people ranging from hardcore coders to
illustrators and non-artists. Everyone plays a crucial role in
designing the best visual effects for their client. Some of
the most creative and technical functions involved in the
creation of CGI are:
1. Art Department
The Art Department translates a director’s vision and a script into visuals shared with the whole team to
understand the creative and technical challenges. In addition, these concept artists and illustrators
design everything from storyboards to photorealistic artworks that show the finished shot
2. Pre-viz
Pre-visualization Artists create the first 3D representation of the final visual effects shot. After that, they
usually make low-quality versions of the action sequences using artwork and basic 3D models. The
Director then plans out the camera placement and other creative/technical requirements.
4. Asset Department
Virtual assets are needed in visual effects to match real-world objects or build new objects that don’t
exist or are too expensive to create in the real world. These are designed mainly by modeling artists,
texture painters, shader developers, and riggers.
5. Research and Development
RnD is a technical department. It builds new software and tools to accomplish tasks that are impossible
to do or are too time-consuming for artists to complete over and over again manually. Therefore, the role
requires a solid background in computer science and a passion for problem-solving.
6. Animation Team
In the film, anything that moves needs to be animated. It doesn’t matter if it’s a small property like a
chair, a hero character, or a creature. An animator will probably be behind the controls if there’s a
movement and has a performance.
7. Matchmove
Matchmove is also known as motion tracking. Without it, there would be no chance to incorporate 3D data into liveaction footage. However, to make digital assets appear genuine, you need a virtual camera that moves like the camera
in the live-action footage. This is where matchmove artists come into action. It’s their job to use the live-action video
footage and create a virtual camera for all departments to work with.
8. FX Simulation
An FX Artist will design and create FX animation, procedural simulation, dynamic simulation, and particle and fluid
systems. They are responsible for recreating the behavior of real-world elements such as fire, water, cloth, explosions,
hair, and many more that most people don’t even realize. FX artist is highly technical yet creative role.
9. Lighting
The lighting artist is the one who applies all lighting effects to the digital scene. The artist considers the light sources
of the live-action plate and uses virtual lighting to mimic the existing illumination within the environment. Here, the
goal is to ensure that the VFX and live-action elements blend seamlessly, as both exist in the same domain.
10. Matte paint
A matte painting is an image that employs digital or traditional painting techniques to represent a scene that
filmmakers would not deliver in real life. This might be because the landscape doesn’t exist in the real world; it’s not
financially practical to travel to a location or extend the set outside its filmed parameters.
11. Rotoscoping
Rotoscoping is used to build a matte or mask for an object to be extracted out of place on a background that is
different, masked out so colors can be changed, or any other set of reasons. The rotoscoping artist will usually trace
an object using tools to create a new alpha channel for a specific portion of an image sequence or video.
12. Compositing
Compositing is the act of layering all the elements in a shot: live-action, mattes, 3D lighting, multiple CG passes, animation,
particle effects. Then, it blends them all perfectly to create the photorealistic final shot. Working during the production
process, you’ll need to work closely with other VFX departments to creatively and technically solve the problems along the
way.
13. Production
There are also several roles for people who prefer managing teams, budgets, and schedules. For example, the top
production role at a studio is the VFX Producer. He:
• Collaborates with the VFX supervisor to manage the whole process
• Defines the resources required
• Hires artists and crew
• Manages budgets
• Makes sure the project is delivered on schedule
• Other typical roles include:
• Production Manager
• Production Coordinator
They support the Producer by liaising with artists, flagging issues, generally tracking the progress, and ensuring everything
stays on track from a scheduling perspective.
WHERE CAN CGI GO WRONG?
• The art of computer graphics is highly technical and requires
hundreds, often thousands of highly skilled artists. The problem
is that as CGI advances in movies, so do the audience. The
audiences become critics and can start picking out the flaws
made by the CGI team at any stage. The good news is that
studios have realized that story is king, not the CGI. Computer
graphics should be a tool to tell a story, and it should never be
the reason for creating a film.
SOFTWARES FOR CGI PRODUCTION
MEME
• A meme is a virally transmitted image
embellished with text, usually sharing
pointed commentary on cultural symbols,
social ideas, or current events. A meme is
typically a photo or video, although sometimes
it can be a block of text.
PIXEL
In digital imaging, a pixel (abbreviated px), pel, or picture
element is the smallest addressable element in a
raster image, or the smallest point in an all points
addressable display device. In most digital display
devices, pixels are the smallest element that can be
manipulated through software.
INFOGRAPHICS
• a visual image
such as a chart or
diagram used to
represent
information or data
Philippine Scene
• The trend of technology-based art also influences of our Filipino
artists. Their computer-generated works were mainly geared toward
international comic books. The talents of our Filipino illustrators were
highly in demand and received reasonably a reputation. Primary film
production in the United States equally sought Filipino animators. To
view works of our Philippine artists who are into digital art
techniques, you may visit the following websites
DIGITAL ART IN THE HANDS
OF EVERYONE
• The invasion of computer technology is evident in every aspect of
our modern life. There is wide accessibility of forms and devices that
make anyone capture, create, manipulate, edit images/videos,
compose music, and share artworks. Anybody can be a digital artist
in your own creative ways.
MOBILE PHONE ART/
COMPUTERGENERATED IMAGES:
Mobile Phone Art
• The mobile phone that you frequently used is a tool of communication
and a creative device that will help you create original works of art. From
personal use to school projects or reports, you can manipulate with various
special effects. Combine images, incorporate text, and simple animations
were some of the manipulations you can do right on your mobile phone.
With just a click, drag, and taps of your finger on a screen, you can
perform many editing effects.
The following are image manipulation programs and applications that run
on android devices:
o Pixar Pic Collage
o Photo Grid Doodle Booth
o Photo Booth Magic Mirror Booth
o Pic Monkey Flip gram
o Pics Art Snapseed
o Instagram
There are new and exciting programs and applications constantly developed
that we will surely explore.
FOR LAPTOPS/ COMPUTERS:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Gimp (GNU Image Manipulation Program)
Paint.net Inkscape
Xara Extreme Art weaver
Draw plus Pencil
Picasa Paint Star
Smooth Draw Spray
Karbon Adobe Photoshop Express
Corel Paint shop Pro X5
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
• Capturing a digital file is another means of generating original
images. Using a digital camera or device with a built-in camera, like
hree pillars of camera settings are
your mobile phone, android
device, or tablet, you can record ideas.
Before developing digital photography, people use a film, and will find
a long time to process the pictures. On digital photography, you will
press the button; your device will do the rest.
DSLR
DSLR is the abbreviation for
Digital Single Lens Reflex.
Digital means that the camera
operates with a fixed, digital
sensor. Single-lens means the
camera uses the same lens for
framing, focusing, and taking
the photograph.
• 1. APERTURE – THE FIRST BASIC CAMERA SETTING
• The aperture is one of the most important photography settings, and one of
the basic camera settings for beginners.
• Simply put, the aperture is the opening of the camera lens, which affects the
amount of light that passes through the lens to the sensor. For this reason, this
camera setting has a direct impact on the exposure of the image, and it’s critical
to the depth of field, sharpness, and final look of the image.
• The maximum and minimum aperture is determined by a number popularly known
as F-stop value, which follows a sequence like this (The smaller the number, the
larger the aperture and vice versa):
• 2. SHUTTER SPEED – AN ESSENTIAL PHOTOGRAPHY SETTING
TO CAPTURE MOTION
• Shutter speed is another fundamental setting on camera that’s
also related to the main exposure camera settings.
• In short, shutter speed is the length of time that the camera shutter is
open and capturing light. The shutter speed camera setting plays a key
role in exposure and it has two important effects: Motion and
shakiness.
• Shutter speed is measured in seconds and fractions of a
second. Following this sequence, the higher the number, the longer the
exposure time:
• Regarding shutter speed camera settings, when you want to capture
motion like in long exposure photography or want to shoot in low-light
like in night photography, you should use a slower shutter speed,
generally from 1/60th of a second up to several minutes. This photography
setting is usually limited to 30” in most cameras, so to increase this time,
you’ll need to use the Bulb mode camera setting and a shutter release.
As an example, my camera settings for Milky Way photography in
terms of shutter speed is usually between 15-25 seconds.
• On the other hand, when you want to freeze motion, you should aim for a
fast shutter speed, generally between 1/60th and the minimum shutter
speed setting of your camera, which is usually 1/4000th of a second.
A good camera setting example of this are action shots, like in wildlife
or sports photography.
• 3. ISO – A KEY SETTING ON CAMERA
• ISO is the last exposure triangle setting and possibly the most
difficult camera setting for beginners.
• In brief, ISO increases the light information captured by the camera sensor.
The ISO directly affects the exposure and the digital noise, so it’s also a
critical camera setting to avoid digital noise.
• ISO in photography is measured in a range of “ISO levels”, which follows a
sequence like this: (the higher the number, the higher the ISO, amount of
light, and digital noise):
• The ideal ISO camera setting depends on the camera sensor size and
other factors like the type of photography.
• When you’re shooting under good light conditions, you should use a low
ISO setting. ISO values from ISO 100-ISO 400 are considered low ISOs.
• However, in those situations where there’s not much light available or you
need to increase the shutter speed, you’ll most likely have to set a high ISO
setting, usually between ISO 800 and ISO 6400. You should set the max.
ISO according to your camera. A good reference point is ISO 3200 for entrylevel cameras and ISO 6400 for more advanced cameras.
• To see an example, the ISO photo setting for the Northern Lights will
be higher compared to the ISO camera setting for shooting in broad
sunlight.
1. Portrait Photography
One of the most common photography styles, portrait photography, or portraiture, aims
to capture the personality and mood of an individual or group. Images may be candid or
posed, full body or close-ups. Either way, the subject’s face and eyes are typically in
focus. Lighting and backdrop help to convey tone and emotion. Popular types of
photography portraits include senior portraits, family portraits, engagement photos, and
professional headshots. The best portrait photographers make clients feel completely
comfortable, so that their expressions are natural and relaxed.
2. Photojournalism
Photojournalism is a way of telling the story of a newsworthy (perhaps even historic)
event or scene through photographs. Photojournalism should be as objective and
truthful as possible and capturing candid moments as they happen is more important
than getting picture-perfect shots. Generally, photojournalists attend planned events
with the hope of capturing unplanned, unscripted moments. Their work is routinely
published in magazines and newspapers.
3. Fashion Photography
Fashion photography showcases and glamorizes
fashion clothing, shoes, and accessories to make
them more desirable to consumers. It is
commonly published in magazines and online.
People may choose this niche over different
types of photography because of the opportunity
to be highly creative in making photographs eyecatching and appealing. Fashion photographers
take a lot of full body shots and work in an array
of locations, from fashion shows to studios with
full lighting setups to city streets and open fields.
They utilize many of the same skills as portrait
photographers and must practice good teamwork
and communication when working with shoot
stylists, creative directors, and models.
4. Sports Photography
By catching athletes, coaches, and even fans at the perfect moment, sports
photographs can depict the passion, drama, and emotion that fuels sporting
events. Sports photographers must aim and shoot quickly to keep up with the
action around them, and it’s best practice to use a higher ISO to shoot at a
faster shutter speed. Sports photographers also usually use long, heavy lenses
for zooming in on the action. Interesting angles can help make your work stand
out in this competitive genre.
5. Still Life Photography
Like it sounds, still life photography features inanimate objects—natural or
manmade. Still life photography can be artistic or commercial. It is commonly
used in stock photography as well as product advertising. (Think of the product
images shown in catalogs, magazines, and billboards.) For still life
photographers, object selection, arrangement, and lighting are key to getting a
great shot.
6. Editorial Photography
Editorial photography is taken to illustrate a story or article, typically for a magazine
or newspaper. The subject of editorial photography can vary widely and is entirely
dependent on the topic of the text it accompanies. Generally, for editorial
photography, you’ll want to get shots that work for a variety of layouts, including
horizontal and vertical compositions. When working in editorial photography, you are
likely to work closely with writers and art directors, and demonstrating good
communication skills and professionalism will help you succeed.
7. Architectural Photography
Both the interior and exterior design of buildings and structures are the subject of
architectural photography. From warehouses to city bridges to old country barns,
this genre encompasses diverse structures. Often, the photograph showcases the
structure’s most aesthetically pleasing parts, such as a particular beam or archway.
Interesting materials and colors may also be emphasized. Lighting can be
challenging in architectural photography and, for exteriors, photographers must
know how to work with natural light. Gear such as a tilt-shift lens, a tripod, and a
panorama head is often useful. Architectural photographs can be of value to
designers, architects, leasing companies, and building investors.
8. Aerial photography
Aerial photography is the taking
of photographs from an aircraft
or other airborne platforms.
When taking motion pictures, it
is also known as aerial
videography
9. Macro photography
is close-up photography of small
subjects, including things like bugs
and flowers.
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE
TECHNIQUES IN CAPTURING A PHOTO
From: OGNAYON, AMY A.
Pjstci
PERFORMANCE TASK:
Using your phones/ tablets, show the various techniques for
capturing a photo.
• 1 photo for each technique. (12 final photos to be passed)
• You can use different subjects.
• Compile your photos on Microsoft Word and send it to my email
address:
amheealadi@gmail.com
or send it to my messenger “Ni Ami”