AANT110: Exam #2 Review Session
Overview
- Paleontology - the study of fossils
- Taphonomy -what happens to animals form time of death to discovery
- Process of fossilization - Fossils - Coprolites , Trace Fossils - footprints , Mineralized Fossils
- Petrification = Mineralized Bones
- Geology
- Stratigraphy- study of rock layers (strata) and stratigraphic principles - tells story
about a fossils , lower levels - older fossils
- the Geologic Time Scale (GTS) - REVIEW
- Dating Techniques - couple of question ; Focus on 3 : Stratigraphy : Relativerelationship between fossils , Chronometric- exact age scale and Calibrated - poles
signature - study basis
- Geologically processes - disturbance in the strata ; erosion , plate tectonics , cross
cutting
- Primate Origins and Evolution
- K-T Boundary -the transition between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods 16.5
Millions ago , mass carter in NM of geologic time characterized by a mass extinction
of many forms of life including the dinosaurs; also : a geologic stratum marking this
boundary.
- Epochs and Primate Evolution - *Paleocene , Oligocene and Miocene - relationship to
primate evolution
- Platyroine and Early Apes ; Diversity of Ape and Old World Monkeys
- Adapiods and Omomyoids - comparison between the two
- Phylogentics Trees
- Phylogram - recognition - phylogenetic tree i.e. Lab #2 - relationship among species
and how a species changes over time ( linkages of characteristics)
- Characteristics and Modes of Locomotion : Know different types
- Theories about the evolution bipedalism - use labs
- Features of bipedalism :
- Post Cranial features
- Cranial features
- Obligate
- Habitual features
- Earliest Fossil
- Hominid Bi-peds
- Examples :
- Cranial -Foramen Magnum- straighter walking the more toward the center ; towards
the back - crawl
- Post Cranial - Spine ,Foot - Big toe -inline with rest of the foot
- Hips wider- Humans - more weight on the pelvis - to support weight/ organs -Bipedal
- Quadra - balance on 4 legs
- Obligate - Bi-ped
- Facultative - Habitual - both legs and arms used to walk
- Hominid Bi-ped features
- Australopiths and Australopith Evolution
- Important Trends/characteristics
- Know differences between Robust and Gracile
- Robust - sagittal crest , zygomatic , CP3 complex - teeth ; seen a lot in chimps ; ,
brain capacity is large
- vs
- Gracile - mandibles big/ molars features , palate ,CP3 complex , small anterior teeth
v shaped palate
- Hominien Evolution :
- Early Hominid- location / diet
- Orririn Togenenis
- Shalanthropos Tchadensis
- Important Characteristics
- Sexual Dimorphism and Mating System
- Mating System
- ie Pair Bonding
- ie Promiscues Bonding : M -multi. vs F- multi.
- Stone Tool Technology :
- Blackboard- i.e. Oldowan -uni-facial
-
Acheoleanp- bi-facial — connected with Mouseteran
-
Mouseteran - Middle Stone Age
- Forces of Evolution
- What they are & functions? Know Definitions / Use Labs
- 4 keys:
- Natural Selection - Not random; evident in smaller population
- Genetic Drift - random
- Mutation -random
Gene Flow/ Migration/ Admixture